208 lines
27 KiB
XML
208 lines
27 KiB
XML
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<mods:titleInfo id="D36FDD3D500CDEF4025725D8AFCD2AF3">
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<mods:title id="3F29B3BD201AECD2CC727635577EC180">Cricetidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD5C2B227B2F0701747F17EC22515CF6">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B4BB62127E79CB0AC8D4505AE43AB72">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7AB5C6122C013FC30001FE3189D6770E">Thomas E. Lacher, Jr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:publisher id="14DDD68DA336A26458913561E0A1D281">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="206C4E3E296252FE724425DE88BC323E">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:title id="32953DC6EAA55C93C0563AE92EA4CD1F">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 7 Rodents II</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03F06D13FF0320CA0DB415EC0E8CFDA4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6727337" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196221428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6727337" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F06D13FF0320CA0DB415EC0E8CFDA4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F06D13FF0320CA0DB415EC0E8CFDA4" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB415EC08E1FE39" box="[131,214,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB415EC08E1FE39" blockId="173.[129,1178,432,563]" box="[131,214,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF0320CA0DB415EC08E1FE39" box="[131,214,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<figureCitation id="1362C080FF0320CA0DB415EC08E1FE39" box="[131,214,432,482]" captionStart="Plate 24: Cricetidae" captionStartId="173.[132,162,3175,3200]" captionTargetBox="[11,2744,13,3647]" captionTargetPageId="172" captionText="487. Common Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys palustris), 488. Texas Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys texensus), 489. Coues’s Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi), 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus), 492. Gorgas’s Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi), 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi), 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae), 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi), 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis), 497. Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus), 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni), 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica), 500. Alfaro’s Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari), 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus), 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas), 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus), 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus), 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus), 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus), 507. Zuniga’s Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae), 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius), 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus), 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis), 511. Torres’s Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis), 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus), 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus), 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis), 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto), 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus), 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis), 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps), 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens), 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus), 522. Ihering’s Brucie (Brucepattersonius theringi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6708535" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6708535/files/figure.png" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">487.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DD015EC0ACEFE39" box="[231,761,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DD015EC0ACEFE39" blockId="173.[129,1178,432,563]" box="[231,761,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF0320CA0DD015EC0ACEFE39" box="[231,761,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0DD015EC0ACEFE39" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[231,761,432,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Common Marsh Rice Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0E7515EC0CBBFE39" box="[834,1164,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0E7515EC0CBBFE39" blockId="173.[129,1178,432,563]" box="[834,1164,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF0320CA0E7515EC0CBBFE39" box="[834,1164,432,482]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0E7515EC0CBBFE39" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[834,1164,432,482]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0E7515EC0CBBFE39" box="[834,1164,432,482]" italics="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Oryzomys palustris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB415A80C46FDEA" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB415A80CAEFDD2" blockId="173.[129,1178,432,563]" box="[131,1177,500,521]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF0320CA0DB415A80CAEFDD2" box="[131,1177,500,521]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB415A808F9FDD2" bold="true" box="[131,206,500,521]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0DE015A80987FDD2" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[215,432,500,521]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="fra" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Oryzomys des marais</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0CF215A80A28FDD2" bold="true" box="[453,543,500,521]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0F1E15A80B28FDD2" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[553,799,500,521]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="deu" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Gemeine Sumpfreisratte</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0E0315A80BB8FDD2" bold="true" box="[820,911,500,521]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0EAE15A80CAEFDD2" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[921,1177,500,521]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="esp" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Rata arrocera de marisma</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB516400C46FDEA" blockId="173.[129,1178,432,563]" box="[130,1137,540,561]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<heading id="D0AE6B69FF0320CA0DB516400C46FDEA" box="[130,1137,540,561]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB51640094EFDEA" bold="true" box="[130,377,540,561]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0CB316400A07FDEA" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[388,560,540,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Marsh Oryzomys</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0F0916400AEFFDEA" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[574,728,540,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Marsh Rice Rat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0FD116400B89FDEA" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[742,958,540,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Rice Meadow Mouse</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="055AAC2BFF0320CA0EFB16400C46FDEA" ID-CoL="6SYYN" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[972,1137,540,561]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" language="eng" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Swamp Rice Rat</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0FD016020BE5FD15" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0FD016020BE5FD15" blockId="173.[743,1335,606,1033]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0FD016020BB5FDA4" bold="true" box="[743,898,606,639]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0EAC16020D07FDA4" authority="Harlan, 1837" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1837" box="[923,1328,606,639]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Mus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Mus palustris Harlan, 1837</taxonomicName>
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,
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<materialsCitation id="3B31D658FF0320CA0FDF16D20BF8FD15" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3818814976" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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“Fast Land,” near Salem, Salem County,
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<collectingRegion id="499D12E7FF0320CA0FD016F10B49FD15" box="[743,894,685,718]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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New
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF0320CA0E1F16F10B49FD15" box="[808,894,685,718]" name="Jersey" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Jersey</collectingCountry>
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34E9C95FF0320CA0EB916F10BF8FD15" box="[910,975,685,718]" name="United States of America" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">USA</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0FDD16880C13FC48" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0FDD16880C13FC48" blockId="173.[743,1335,606,1033]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0FDD16880BE1FD2E" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[746,982,724,757]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="451" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">Oryzomys palustris</taxonomicName>
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is the type species of the genus. Proposed subspecies
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA099C16A00D07FCC6" baseAuthorityName="Severtzov" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1195,1328,764,797]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Alticola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argentatus">argentatus</taxonomicName>
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, named by N. C. Spitzer and J. D. Lazell in 1978, is here included in coloratus. Five subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0FD017C10D17FAC6" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="synonymic_list">
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<caption id="DF268C8DFF0320CA0FD017C10D17FAC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6761515" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6761515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6761515/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" startId="173.[743,897,925,954]" targetBox="[128,719,614,1030]" targetPageId="173">
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0FD017C10C40FC61" blockId="173.[743,1335,606,1033]" box="[743,1143,925,954]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0FD017C10C40FC61" bold="true" box="[743,1143,925,954]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0FDD179D0D35FB83" blockId="173.[743,1335,606,1033]" lastBlockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0FDD179D0D35FB83" authority="Harlan, 1837" authorityName="Harlan" authorityYear="1837" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palustris" subSpecies="palustris">O.p.palustrisHarlan,1837—widelydistributedinSIllinois,SKentucky,Tennessee,SNewJersey,SEPennsylvania,Delaware,EMaryland,EVirginia,ENorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Georgia,Alabama,Mississippi,andNW&NFlorida,E&SEUSA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB110020CF3FBA4" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" box="[134,1220,1118,1151]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0DB110020CF3FBA4" authority="Bangs, 1898" authorityName="Bangs" authorityYear="1898" box="[134,1220,1118,1151]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palustris" subSpecies="coloratus">O.p.coloratusBangs,1898—SpeninsularandtheLowerKeysofFlorida,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB110DA0C0DFB7C" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" box="[134,1082,1158,1191]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
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<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0DB110DA0C0DFB7C" authority="F. M. Chapman, 1893" authorityName="Chapman" authorityYear="1893" box="[134,1082,1158,1191]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palustris" subSpecies="natator">O.p.natatorF.M.Chapman,1893—N&CpeninsularFlorida,USA.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB110F10909FB2E" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0DB110F10909FB2E" authority="Hamilton, 1955" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1955" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palustris" subSpecies="planirostris">O.p.planirostrisHamilton,1955—limitedtoasmallareaonWCcoastofpeninsularFlorida,USA.</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB110A00D17FAC6" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" box="[134,1312,1276,1309]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0DB110A00A38FAC6" authority="Hamilton, 1955" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1955" box="[134,527,1276,1309]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="palustris" subSpecies="sanibeli">O. p. sanibeli Hamilton, 1955</taxonomicName>
|
||
— Sanibel I on the SW coast of peninsular Florida, USA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB511770BFDF92E" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB511770BFDF92E" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB51177094DFA9F" bold="true" box="[130,378,1323,1348]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Head-body 131 mm, tail 121 mm, hindfoot 30 mm (Virginia, USA); head-body 134 mm, tail 143, hindfoot 34 mm; weight 45-80 g (Florida). Fur of the Common Marsh Rice Rat is soft and woolly in appearance. Upperparts are grayish, mixed with black and some brown hair, slightly darker on mid-back; face is paler; underparts are grayish white; forefeet and hindfeet are white above; and tail is dark brown or blackish above, slightly paler below, but not distinctly bicolored. Individuals from peninsular Florida are generally more tawny, grizzled grayish brown to tawny olive above, darkest on rump, and with white underparts, sometimes suffused with buff. Detailed comparisons of skull and teeth are required to document diagnostic differences between the Common Marsh Rice Rat and its sister-species, the Texas Marsh Rice Rat (O. texensis). Chromosomal complement is 2n = 56, FNa = 58. X-chromosome is large acrocentric, and Y-chromosome is small acrocentric.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB412A00A25F839" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB412A00A25F839" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB412A008C5F8C6" bold="true" box="[131,242,1788,1821]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Habitat.</emphasis>
|
||
Wetlands of all types, including salt marshes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts and various other local habitats, especially hydric hammocks, swamps, and freshwater marshes and meadows from sea level to elevations of nearly 1000 m. The Common Marsh Rice Rat occurs along stream edges and clearings in wooded areas on lower slopes of the Appalachian Mountains and can be found in wet agricultural lands, such as rice and sugar cane fields.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB413B40AB0F715" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="food_feeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB413B40AB0F715" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB413B409BDF7D2" bold="true" box="[131,394,2024,2057]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The Common Marsh Rice Rat eats seeds and green plant parts of various water-tolerant grasses and sedges and animal foods, including insects, fiddler crabs (Uca) and other crustaceans, snails, fishes, young turtles, bird eggs, and even carrion of other rodents (particularly muskrats and deermice,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0ECD1C3E0CB9F7A4" box="[1018,1166,2146,2175]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Peromyscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Peromyscus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). One study reported that the Common Marsh Rice Rat was a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0E7F1CDA0BADF77C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1800" box="[840,922,2182,2215]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Microtus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="major">major</taxonomicName>
|
||
predator on eggs and young of marsh wrens (Cistothorus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0F311CF10A4DF715" baseAuthorityName="Harlan" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[518,634,2221,2254]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Oryzomys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="palustris">palustris</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB41C840B36F5D2" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB41C840B36F5D2" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB41C84093EF72E" bold="true" box="[131,265,2264,2293]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproduction occurs year-round, but cessation during winter months is typical in extreme northern populations. Bi-modal and unimodal seasonal peaks have been reported, with latter occurring in April-May. Gestation lasts 21-28 days; litters in different populations average 3-6-5 young. Females have postpartum estrus, with mean duration of 7-7 days (range 6-9). Young are born altricial, sparsely covered with fine hair; eyes open at 8-11 days of age when solid food is ingested and pelage becomes sleek and shiny. Weaning occurs at 11-20 days old. Sex ratio at birth is 1:1. Both sexes reach sexual maturity at 50-60 days old.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB61E4C0AE4F52E" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB61E4C0AE4F52E" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB61E4C0945F5EA" bold="true" box="[129,370,2576,2609]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
|
||
Trapping data and presence of remains in hawk and owl pellets confirm that the Common Marsh Rice Rat is primarily nocturnal; moreover, captive individuals exhibited only nocturnal activity. Not surprisingly giving their obvious tie to water, marsh rice rats enter water and swim readily, covering under water distances greater than 10 m with apparent ease. Intensive self-grooming of fur is important to maintain water-repellent quality of pelage.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0DB41EA3007CFE3B" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0DB41EA3007CFE3B" blockId="173.[129,1338,1047,3081]" lastBlockId="173.[1405,2613,289,640]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0DB41EA30B0AF4C7" bold="true" box="[131,829,2815,2844]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
In one study, male Common Marsh Rice Rats had smaller home ranges (average 0-25 ha) than females (0-33 ha)—an unusual pattern for a presumably promiscuous rodent. Individuals moved an average distances of 74-7 m in Maryland and 67-7-82-3 m in northern Florida. Local densities vary extensively seasonally and over consecutive years but reach can reach 50 ind/ha, especially in hammocks and prairie habitats. Individuals make grapefruit-sized nests of woven grasses and sedges, usually place on high ground under debris but also in short tunnels, either self-dug or those of turtles and other animals in dirt banks. Individual rice rats may also nest within the matrix of vegetation in houses constructed by muskrats—both Round-tailed Muskrats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA0A5815280010FE4A" authorityName="True" authorityYear="1884" box="[1903,2087,372,401]" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Neofiber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alleni">Neofiber alleni</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Common Muskrats (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C59A786FF0320CA04A815280DDEFE62" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1766" class="Mammalia" family="Cricetidae" genus="Ondatra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zibethicus">Ondatra zibethicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In salt marshes, these rice rats may make extensive and well-defined runways, and they may tunnel into banks for short distances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA084915B701AEFDD3" box="[1406,2457,491,520]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA084915B701AEFDD3" blockId="173.[1405,2613,289,640]" box="[1406,2457,491,520]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA084915B70EECFDD3" bold="true" box="[1406,1755,491,520]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Lust.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3438F8EFF0320CA0848164B0E8CFDA4" pageId="173" pageNumber="452" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE6DC05FF0320CA0848164B0E8CFDA4" blockId="173.[1405,2613,289,640]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92D0017FF0320CA0848164B0E20FDEB" bold="true" box="[1407,1559,535,560]" pageId="173" pageNumber="452">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bangs (1898b), Benson & Gehlbach (1979), Cassola (2016aa), Chapman (1893), Goldman (1918a), Hall (1960, 1981), Hamilton (1946, 1955), Harlan (1837), Humphrey & Setzer (1989), Kale (1965), Spitzer & Lazell (1978), Wolfe (1982).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |