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<document id="01612CD10E6A629F785B25099B41B8DF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4021.4.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41aecdb1-c0bf-4cec-b648-19009769d1ae" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243207" ID-ZooBank="448B0FD1-8FDB-4327-B544-552AF7A899B6" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461277953268" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Laborda, Álvaro &amp; Simó, Miguel" docDate="2015" docId="03F187AF972C575ED2C6F880FC5FF85C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04021p596.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4021 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="595" masterDocId="FFC8FFD7972C575AD251FF85FFE7FFDE" masterDocTitle="Description of the female of Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 (Araneae: Eutichuridae) with notes on natural history and sexual behavior" masterLastPageNumber="596" masterPageNumber="591" pageNumber="591" updateTime="1698613396401" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="619E2177CA206C550D1381746815620F">Description of the female of Eutichurus ibiuna Bonaldo, 1994 (Araneae: Eutichuridae) with notes on natural history and sexual behavior</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="83500C2DC5B5BC8EDDB1DE7D7196A2B9">Laborda, Álvaro</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="029357BE1B74E4B6EA58BA16FFB93CFD">Simó, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D793FAF8CF885ABA176D44AF072FF6EB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="A73D78CC0C471D4414307114AC3032BD">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6B286FD42C32EBA7A4F4D114D379E985" type="volume">
<mods:number id="792D4F8B29988D864831193D2C07DDF6">4021</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6E4FFE311334D026E712D723B266BC68" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4021.4.9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DF03103CBE03372BA7DAE7A352FEEA0D" type="GBIF-Dataset">41aecdb1-c0bf-4cec-b648-19009769d1ae</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F187AF972C575ED2C6F880FC5FF85C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6097528" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119640006" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6097528" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F187AF972C575ED2C6F880FC5FF85C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F187AF972C575ED2C6F880FC5FF85C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<subSubSection id="C3426532972C575AD2C6F880FF13F89E" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972C575AD2C6F880FDC9F8FE" blockId="0.[151,558,1797,1856]" box="[151,558,1797,1824]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<heading id="D0AF81D5972C575AD2C6F880FDC9F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,558,1797,1824]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972C575AD2C6F880FDC9F8FE" authority="Bonaldo, 1994" authorityName="Bonaldo" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,558,1797,1824]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972C575AD2C6F880FDC9F8FE" bold="true" box="[151,558,1797,1824]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972C575AD2C6F880FE92F8C1" bold="true" box="[151,373,1797,1823]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972C575AD32DF883FDC9F8FE" author="Bonaldo" box="[380,558,1798,1824]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972C575AD2C6F8ACFF13F89E" blockId="0.[151,558,1797,1856]" box="[151,244,1833,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972C575AD2C6F8ACFF13F89E" box="[151,244,1833,1856]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionStartId-1="2.[151,244,1936,1958]" captionStartId-2="3.[151,244,1859,1881]" captionStartId-3="4.[151,244,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox-0="[300,1307,538,1646]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,191,1913]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,607,1838]" captionTargetBox-3="[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetId-0="figure@1.[280,1307,538,1667]" captionTargetId-1="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1915]" captionTargetId-2="figure@3.[151,1436,607,1838]" captionTargetId-3="figure@4.[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Live specimens of Eutichurus ibiuna: A male (FCE-Ar 6204); B female (FCE-Ar 4809)." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Eutichurus ibiuna: literature record = blue circle; new records = red circles." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Eutichurus ibiuna, behavior: A juvenile in its silk retreat; B mating position; C couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243209/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/243210/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/243211/files/figure.png" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
Figs 1–
<docIssue id="CF3B4956972C575AD2B4F8ACFF13F89E" box="[229,244,1833,1856]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">4</docIssue>
</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426532972C575AD2C6F8EBFD17F87B" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972C575AD2C6F8EBFD17F87B" blockId="0.[151,1435,1902,1957]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB481197972C575AD2C6F8EBFD17F87B" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972C575AD2C6F8EBFDDEF85B" authority="Bonaldo, 1994: 125" authorityName="Bonaldo" authorityPageNumber="125" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,569,1902,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972C575AD2C6F8EBFEBFF85B" box="[151,344,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF910A8972C575AD330F8EBFDDEF85B" author="Bonaldo" box="[353,569,1902,1925]" page="125" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972C575AD330F8EBFDE4F85B" author="Bonaldo" box="[353,515,1902,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 125
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 62–64 (male
<typeStatus id="54E3881B972C575AD156F8EBFC83F85B" box="[775,868,1902,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972C575AD1F8F8EBFC17F85B" box="[937,1008,1902,1925]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">Ibiúna</taxonomicName>
, São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7629972C575AD628F8EBFB5CF85B" box="[1145,1211,1902,1925]" name="Brazil" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">Brasil</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="FFE61079972C575AD696F8EBFAF9F85B" box="[1223,1310,1902,1925]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" value="1975-04">IV.1975</date>
, J. Talarico leg., deposited in IBSP 2750/16268, not examined).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426532972C575BD2C6F854FCAEFEC9" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972C575BD2C6F854FCAEFEC9" blockId="0.[151,1436,2001,2024]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,152,487]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="592" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972C575AD2C6F854FE90F836" bold="true" box="[151,375,2001,2024]" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34F7629972C575AD3D1F854FDE4F836" box="[384,515,2001,2024]" name="Uruguay" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972C575AD05EF854FD71F836" box="[527,662,2001,2024]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="591">Cerro Largo</emphasis>
: Rute 26, approximately
<quantity id="4CA09B5C972C575AD1FEF854FC13F836" box="[943,1012,2001,2024]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="0" pageNumber="591" unit="km" value="12.0">12 km</quantity>
from Arroyo Bañado de Medina, on a road sign (
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C507E972D575BD35EFF1DFE64FF71" box="[271,387,152,175]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" precision="5" value="-32.3654">S32.3654°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C507E972D575BD3C0FF1DFDE8FF71" box="[401,527,152,175]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" precision="5" value="-54.4756">W54.4756°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD074FF1DFD47FF71" box="[549,672,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" value="2013-03-15">15.III.2013</date>
, M. Simó and Á. Laborda,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD30972D575BD189FF1DFBDEFF71" box="[984,1081,152,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FCE-Ar 4707).
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD6AAFF1DFA73FF71" box="[1275,1428,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Treinta y Tres</emphasis>
: Quebrada de los Cuervos, near the park-rangers’ house, under the bark of an
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD186FF3FFBAAFF0F" box="[983,1101,186,209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD186FF3FFBAAFF0F" box="[983,1101,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tree, with ootheca (
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C507E972D575BD775FF3FFA7FFF0F" box="[1316,1432,186,209]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" precision="5" value="-32.907">S32.9070°</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6C507E972D575BD2C6FF58FEF2FF2A" box="[151,277,221,244]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" precision="5" value="-54.4463">W54.4463°</geoCoordinate>
),
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD37AFF58FE57FF2A" box="[299,432,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" value="2013-12-15">15.XII.2013</date>
, Á. Laborda,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD30972D575BD01AFF58FD4DFF2A" box="[587,682,221,244]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(FCE-Ar 4809); same locality (bred in the laboratory, offsprings of female FCE-Ar 4809),
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD30972D575BD3DFFE85FE04FEC9" box="[398,483,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="male">6 males</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5EFD30972D575BD3BCFE85FDB3FEC9" box="[493,596,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="female">6 females</specimenCount>
(FCE-Ar 6203–6214).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426532972D575BD296FEA7FE8AFE39" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972D575BD296FEA7FE8AFE39" blockId="1.[151,1436,152,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD296FEA7FEDBFEE7" bold="true" box="[199,316,290,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD3F5FEA7FDE2FEE7" box="[420,517,290,313]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD3F5FEA7FDE2FEE7" box="[420,517,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD0B0FEA7FC30FEE7" authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[737,983,290,313]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luridus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD0B0FEA7FCAEFEE7" box="[737,841,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. luridus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972D575BD101FEA7FC30FEE7" author="Simon" box="[848,983,290,313]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of a simple RTA and from those of other species of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD3F4FEC0FDFDFE82" box="[421,538,325,348]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD3F4FEC0FDFDFE82" box="[421,538,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Eutichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with simple RTA by the embolus with a retrolateral apical process (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972D575BD6ABFEC0FA73FE82" author="Bonaldo" box="[1274,1428,325,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo 1994</bibRefCitation>
) (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972D575BD2CEFEEDFF3DFEA1" box="[159,218,360,383]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[300,1307,538,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[280,1307,538,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A). In females, the shape of the epigynum of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD0EFFEEDFCFEFEA1" box="[702,793,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD0EFFEEDFCFEFEA1" box="[702,793,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. ibuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resembles those of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD1BAFEEDFB28FEA1" authority="Simon, 1897" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1897" box="[1003,1231,360,383]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD1BAFEEDFBD9FEA1" box="[1003,1086,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. ferox</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972D575BD615FEEDFB28FEA1" author="Simon" box="[1092,1231,360,383]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" refString="Simon, E. (1897) Etudes arachnologiques. 27 e Memoire. XLII. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de l'ordre des Araneae. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, 65, 465 - 510." type="journal article" year="1897">Simon, 1897</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD688FEEDFF2BFE7F" authority="Bonaldo, 1994" authorityName="Bonaldo" authorityYear="1994" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD688FEEDFAD3FEA1" box="[1241,1332,360,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. silvae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972D575BD76AFEEDFF2BFE7F" author="Bonaldo" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD351FE0FFDCDFE7F" authority="L. Koch, 1866" authorityName="L. Koch" authorityYear="1866" box="[256,554,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD351FE0FFE93FE7F" box="[256,372,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. tropicus</emphasis>
(L. Koch, 1866)
</taxonomicName>
, but can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD187FE0FFBCDFE7F" box="[982,1066,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferox">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD187FE0FFBCDFE7F" box="[982,1066,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. ferox</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD60CFE0FFB35FE7F" box="[1117,1234,394,417]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tropicus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD60CFE0FFB35FE7F" box="[1117,1234,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. tropicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the presence of the atrium groove, and from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD061FE28FD77FE1A" box="[560,656,429,452]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD061FE28FD77FE1A" box="[560,656,429,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E. silvae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the atrium as long as wide and the posterior plates more laterally expanded (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972D575BD35AFE55FEA0FE39" box="[267,327,464,487]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[300,1307,538,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[280,1307,538,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF276631972D575BD2C6F91DFA65F936" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" targetBox="[300,1307,538,1646]" targetPageId="1">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972D575BD2C6F91DFA65F936" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,1768]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD2C6F91DFEEAF970" bold="true" box="[151,269,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972D575BD345F91DFE26F970" box="[276,449,1688,1710]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD345F91DFE26F970" box="[276,449,1688,1710]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, genitalia:
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD07FF91DFDD8F970" bold="true" box="[558,575,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">A</emphasis>
left palp, prolateral view;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD110F91DFCB6F970" bold="true" box="[833,849,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">B</emphasis>
same, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD64DF91DFBCAF970" bold="true" box="[1052,1069,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">C</emphasis>
same, retrolateral view;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD74FF91DFAD7F970" bold="true" box="[1310,1328,1688,1710]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">D</emphasis>
epigynum, ventral view;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD371F930FED7F915" bold="true" box="[288,304,1717,1739]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">E</emphasis>
cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C3426532972D5759D296F88BFAAEFE39" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="1" pageNumber="592" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972D5759D296F88BFAAFFE7F" blockId="1.[151,1436,1806,2037]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,152,556]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD296F88BFEB5F8FB" bold="true" box="[199,338,1806,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972D575BD309F88BFE4FF8FB" box="[344,424,1806,1829]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Female</emphasis>
(FCE-Ar 4809). Coloration: prosoma caramel-colored with slightly darker ocular region (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972D575BD721F88BFF41F896" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,244,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,191,1913]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,191,1915]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Live specimens of Eutichurus ibiuna: A male (FCE-Ar 6204); B female (FCE-Ar 4809)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243209/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B); chelicerae dark brown, with three equal sized teeth on the retromargin and five on promargin, second basal tooth larger; labium and endites dark brown, sternum brown; legs beige yellowish; opisthosoma yellowish. Legs spination: Ifemur d 1-1 or 0-1, p 1ap; tibia v 0-p1-0; metatarsus
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD08FF8F3FCE2F853" box="[734,773,1910,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">v 2</date>
-p1-
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD162F8F3FC91F853" box="[819,886,1910,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">1. II—</date>
femur d 1-1, p 1ap; metatarsus
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD686F8F3FB1AF853" box="[1239,1277,1910,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">v 2</date>
-p1-1 or 2-0-
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD7DCF8F3FA70F853" box="[1421,1431,1910,1933]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">1</date>
. III— femur d 1-1-1 or 1-1-0, p 1-1 or 1-2, r 0-0-1 or 1-1-1; tibia v p1-2-0 or p1-p1-p1, p 1-1, r 1-1 or 0-1; metatarsus
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD723F81CFF40F80C" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">v 2- 2</date>
-1 or 2-r1-1, p 1-1-1-2 or 1-1-2, r 1-1-2 or 2ap. IV— femur d 1-1, p 1-1 or 0-1 r 1ap; tibia v p1-2-0, p 1-1, r 1-1; metatarsus
<date id="FFE61079972D575BD344F85BFEB6F82B" box="[277,337,2014,2037]" pageId="1" pageNumber="592">v 2-2</date>
-1, p 1-1-2, r 1-1-2. Measurements. Total length 13.73; prosoma (length/width) 6.00/5.20; opisthosoma (length/width) 7.73/5.33; sternum (length/width) 2.67/2.27; labium (length/width) 1.20/1.07; clypeus height 0.13. Posterior lateral spinnerets: basal article 0.80, distal article 1.60. Eyes: anterior row 2.48, posterior 2.76; diameters and interdistances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.28, PME 0.20, PLE 0.24, AME–AME 0.28, AME–ALE 0.44, PME–PME 0.60, PME– PLE 0.68. Chelicerae (length/width): 3.33/1.60. Legs: I—femur 4.53/ patella 2.13/ tibia 4.00/ metatarsus 4.13/ tarsus 1.73/ total length 16.53; II—4.13/2.13/4.00/3.73/1.60/15.59; III—3.20/1.60/2.40/2.80/1.33/11.33; IV—4.67/2.00/3.60/ 4.13/1.73/16.13. Epigynum (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972F5759D382FEC0FDF3FE82" box="[467,532,325,348]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[300,1307,538,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[280,1307,538,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D, E): atrium subsquared, as long as wide, with a medium longitudinal groove; anterior lobes as long as wide, with squared apex; posterior plates wider than longer, non fused; spermatheca anteriorly prolonged, with a short stalk widened at the apex.
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972F5759D0FEFE0FFD01FE7F" box="[687,742,394,417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Male</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972F5759D0A5FE0FFCDCFE7F" box="[756,827,394,417]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[300,1307,538,1646]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[280,1307,538,1667]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Eutichurus ibiuna, genitalia: A left palp, prolateral view; B same, ventral view; C same, retrolateral view; D epigynum, ventral view; E cleared vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AE = apical spermatheca; AL = anterior lobe; BE = basal spermatheca; E = embolus; EP = embolar process; FD = fertilization duct; PP = posterior plate; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243208/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, B, C; 2A): described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B48972F5759D632FE0FFAA3FE7F" author="Bonaldo" box="[1123,1348,394,417]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo (1994: 125)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF276631972E5758D2C6F815FB84F87B" box="[151,1123,1936,1958]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243209/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" targetBox="[151,1436,191,1913]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972E5758D2C6F815FB84F87B" blockId="2.[151,1123,1936,1958]" box="[151,1123,1936,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972E5758D2C6F815FEE1F878" bold="true" box="[151,262,1936,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Live specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972E5758D399F815FD93F878" box="[456,628,1936,1958]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972E5758D399F815FD93F878" box="[456,628,1936,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972E5758D0D0F815FD74F878" bold="true" box="[641,659,1936,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">A</emphasis>
male (FCE-Ar 6204);
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972E5758D13DF815FC9BF878" bold="true" box="[876,892,1936,1958]" pageId="2" pageNumber="593">B</emphasis>
female (FCE-Ar 4809).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972F5759D296FE28FAAEFE39" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972F5759D296FE28FEDEFE1A" bold="true" box="[199,313,429,452]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Variation.</emphasis>
(range, mean±s.d.) Females (N=5): TL 12.00–13.00, 12.50±0.41; PL 5.30–5.90, 5.70±0.24; PW 4.10– 4.70, 4.38±0.22; Males (N=5): TL 9.90–10.80, 10.18±0.36; PL 5.00–5.50, 5.24±0.24; PW 3.60–4.00, 3.76±0.18.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3426532972F575ED296FE77FC5FF85C" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="595" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972F5759D296FE77FF0AFDF2" blockId="3.[151,1436,152,556]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972F5759D296FE77FEBEFDD7" bold="true" box="[199,345,498,521]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from State of São Paulo,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7629972F5759D093FE77FCE4FDD7" box="[706,771,498,521]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Brazil</collectingCountry>
and Departments of Cerro Largo and Treinta y Tres,
<collectingCountry id="F34F7629972F5759D76FFE77FA7CFDD7" box="[1342,1435,498,521]" name="Uruguay" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13632A3C972F5759D2CEFD90FF07FDF2" box="[159,224,533,556]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,244,1859,1881]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,607,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,607,1838]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Eutichurus ibiuna: literature record = blue circle; new records = red circles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243210/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF276631972F5759D2C6F8C6FB0BF887" box="[151,1260,1859,1881]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243210/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" targetBox="[151,1436,607,1838]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="8BE736B9972F5759D2C6F8C6FB0BF887" blockId="3.[151,1260,1859,1881]" box="[151,1260,1859,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972F5759D2C6F8C6FEEBF887" bold="true" box="[151,268,1859,1881]" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A972F5759D047F8C6FD25F887" box="[534,706,1859,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB972F5759D047F8C6FD25F887" box="[534,706,1859,1881]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="594">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: literature record = blue circle; new records = red circles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF2766319728575ED2C6FBB0FDF5FBB9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" targetBox="[153,1433,191,1055]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE736B99728575ED2C6FBB0FDF5FBB9" blockId="4.[151,1436,1076,1127]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED2C6FBB0FEE8FB95" bold="true" box="[151,271,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED349FBB1FE2FFB94" box="[280,456,1076,1098]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED349FBB1FE2FFB94" box="[280,456,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Eutichurus ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, behavior:
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED06AFBB0FDABFB95" bold="true" box="[571,588,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">A</emphasis>
juvenile in its silk retreat;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED131FBB0FC97FB95" bold="true" box="[864,880,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">B</emphasis>
mating position;
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED673FBB0FBD4FB95" bold="true" box="[1058,1075,1077,1099]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">C</emphasis>
couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE736B99728575ED296FB16FAC9FA42" blockId="4.[151,1436,1171,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED296FB16FE9AFB74" bold="true" box="[199,381,1171,1194]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Natural history.</emphasis>
We observed at the field and under laboratory conditions that all
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED614FB16FB4FFB74" box="[1093,1192,1171,1194]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ibiuna">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED614FB16FB4FFB74" box="[1093,1192,1171,1194]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">E. ibiuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
individuals, no matter the developmental stage or sex, built a sac-like silken retreat, where they spent most of the time (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C9728575ED6F1FB30FB06FB12" box="[1184,1249,1205,1228]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eutichurus ibiuna, behavior: A juvenile in its silk retreat; B mating position; C couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A). This behavior was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED316FB5DFE08FB31" author="Bonaldo" box="[327,495,1240,1263]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo (1994)</bibRefCitation>
who observed young individuals of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED123FB5DFC00FB31" box="[882,999,1240,1263]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED123FB5DFC00FB31" box="[882,999,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Eutichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at the field occupying silken nests inside dead leaves. The construction of retreats is known for other
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED146FB7EFC45FACC" box="[791,930,1275,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Eutichuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eutichuridae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED653FB7EFA89FACC" authority="C. L. Koch, 1839" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1839" box="[1026,1390,1275,1298]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Cheiracanthium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED653FB7EFB48FACC" box="[1026,1199,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Cheiracanthium</emphasis>
C. L. Koch, 1839
</taxonomicName>
and is also usual in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED3E6FA98FDDEFAEA" box="[439,569,1309,1332]" class="Arachnida" family="Clubionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Clubionidae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED019FA98FCB0FAEA" author="Dondale" box="[584,855,1309,1332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Dondale, C. D. &amp; Redner, J. H. (1982) The insects and arachnids of Canada. Part 9. The sac spiders of Canada and Alaska. Araneae: Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, 194 pp." type="book" year="1982">Dondale &amp; Redner 1982</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED132FA98FB8DFAEA" author="Pollard" box="[867,1130,1309,1332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Pollard, S. D. &amp; Jackson, R. R. (1982) The biology of Clubiona cambridgei (Araneae: Clubionidae): intraspecific interactions. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 5, 44 - 50." type="journal article" year="1982">Pollard &amp; Jackson 1982</bibRefCitation>
). At the field, one specimen was found under bark of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED3F3FAC5FDFFFA89" box="[418,536,1344,1367]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED3F3FAC5FDFFFA89" box="[418,536,1344,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. near a house and the other was collected at a road sign.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED6C5FAC5FADBFA89" author="Bonaldo" box="[1172,1340,1344,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo (1994)</bibRefCitation>
reported specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED378FAE6FD6FFAA4" authority="Bonaldo, 1994" authorityName="Bonaldo" authorityYear="1994" box="[297,648,1379,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvae">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED378FAE6FE05FAA4" box="[297,482,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Eutichurus silvae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED3B9FAE6FD6FFAA4" author="Bonaldo" box="[488,648,1379,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED0C3FAE6FC32FAA4" authority="Bonaldo, 1994" authorityName="Bonaldo" authorityYear="1994" box="[658,981,1379,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="valderramai">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED0C3FAE6FCD4FAA4" box="[658,819,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">E. valderramai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED168FAE6FC32FAA4" author="Bonaldo" box="[825,981,1379,1402]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED658FAE6FAD5FAA4" authority="Mello-Leitao, 1938" authorityName="Mello-Leitao" authorityYear="1938" box="[1033,1330,1379,1402]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Eutichurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lizeri">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED658FAE6FBBAFAA4" box="[1033,1117,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">E. lizeri</emphasis>
Mello-Leitão,
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in human constructions. This suggests that some species of the genus have the ability to inhabit anthropic environments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE736B99728575ED296FA2DFC5FF85C" blockId="4.[151,1436,1171,1922]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED296FA2DFE65FA61" bold="true" box="[199,386,1448,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Sexual behavior.</emphasis>
The male initiated courtship after contacting the female silk, indicated as level
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED755FA2DFA7FFA61" author="Foelix" box="[1284,1432,1448,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Foelix, R. (2011) Biology of spiders, 3 rd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 419 pp." type="book" year="2011">Foelix (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. The male approached the female sensing the substrate with palps and legs I, while vibrating the abdomen. After contacting the female the mount occurred very quickly. They adopted the typical mating position of wandering spiders,
<typeStatus id="54E3881B9728575ED2C6F995FF22F9F9" box="[151,197,1552,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">type</typeStatus>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED2AFF995FE77F9F9" author="Foelix" box="[254,400,1552,1575]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Foelix, R. (2011) Biology of spiders, 3 rd ed. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 419 pp." type="book" year="2011">Foelix (2011)</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="13632A3C9728575ED3CEF995FE06F9F9" box="[415,481,1552,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eutichurus ibiuna, behavior: A juvenile in its silk retreat; B mating position; C couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B). Then the male started to lay silk over the legs I, II and palps of the female (
<figureCitation id="13632A3C9728575ED76BF995FA9BF9F9" box="[1338,1404,1552,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1077,1099]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[153,1433,191,1055]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Eutichurus ibiuna, behavior: A juvenile in its silk retreat; B mating position; C couple during mating (note the silk deposited by the male over the female)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243211/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
C). During mating the male continued vibrating the abdomen. In all cases it was observed that the male inserted a palp two times on a side, and then switched to the opposite side where he performed other two palpal insertions. Mating duration was 53±25 minutes (mean±s.d.; N=3) and always occurred inside or near the female retreat.
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED62BF9FDFAC5F951" author="Bonaldo" box="[1146,1314,1656,1679]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bonaldo, A. B. (1994) A subfamilia Eutichurinae na regiao neotropical, com a revisao do genero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia Serie Zoologia, 76, 101 - 159." type="journal article" year="1994">Bonaldo (1994)</bibRefCitation>
reports the occurrence of genital plugs in
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<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED38FF91EFDB4F96C" box="[478,595,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Eutichurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED0D9F91EFCE6F96C" box="[648,769,1691,1714]" class="Arachnida" family="Miturgidae" genus="Radulphius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED0D9F91EFCE6F96C" box="[648,769,1691,1714]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">Radulphius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We also found plugs in the females collected in the field and in the three that copulate in the laboratory, but the deposition of plugs was not witnessed during the mattings. The bridal veil is defined as the release of silk threads by the male over the female during courtship or copulation (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED6BFF965FA68F929" author="Bristowe" box="[1262,1423,1760,1783]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bristowe, W. S. (1958) The World of Spiders. Collins, London, 304 pp." type="book" year="1958">Bristowe 1958</bibRefCitation>
), which is consistent with the observed behavior in this species. Thus, this is the first report of bridal veil in
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED75CF886FA7EF8C4" box="[1293,1433,1795,1818]" class="Arachnida" family="Eutichuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eutichuridae</taxonomicName>
. It appears to be a widespread behavior in spiders, since it has been reported for several species from different families (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED2CFF8CDFE6FF881" author="Aisenberg" box="[158,392,1864,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Aisenberg, A., Estramil, N., Gonzalez, M., Toscano-Gadea, C. A. &amp; Costa, F. G. (2008) Silk release by copulating Schizocosa malitiosa males (Araneae: Lycosidae): a bridal veil?. Journal of Arachnology, 36, 204 - 206. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1636 / St 07 - 12 SC. 1" type="journal article" year="2008">
Aisenberg
<emphasis id="B92CEAAB9728575ED342F8CDFEAEF881" box="[275,329,1864,1887]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="595">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED3C2F8CDFDC2F881" author="Schmitt" box="[403,549,1864,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Schmitt, A. (1992) Conjectures on the origins and functions of a bridal veil spun by the males of Cupiennius coccineus (Araneae, Ctenidae). Journal of Arachnology, 20, 67 - 68." type="journal article" year="1992">Schmitt 1992</bibRefCitation>
), including other dionychans, as
<taxonomicName id="4C584D3A9728575ED1D5F8CDFB5EF881" authority="Bristowe 1958" authorityName="Bristowe" authorityYear="1958" box="[900,1209,1864,1887]" class="Arachnida" family="Thomisidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Thomisidae (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC94B489728575ED641F8CDFB56F881" author="Bristowe" box="[1040,1201,1864,1887]" pageId="4" pageNumber="595" refString="Bristowe, W. S. (1958) The World of Spiders. Collins, London, 304 pp." type="book" year="1958">Bristowe 1958</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Future studies could be focused in the possible role of this behavior in the phylogeny of spiders.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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