treatments-xml/data/F7/D8/BA/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ea34267-96fa-4df6-a700-49c1b357afba" ID-PMC="PMC6277488" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-112-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" ID-PubMed="30524186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911101" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-112-1" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" checkinTime="1555330596787" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pirie, Michael D., Chatrou, Lars W. &amp; Maas, Paul J. M." docDate="2018" docId="F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 112: 1-141" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 112" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897" docTitle="Cremastosperma gracilipes R. E. Fr." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139101010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Cremastosperma (Annonaceae), including five new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pirie, Michael D.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chatrou, Lars W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Maas, Paul J. M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>112</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>141</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-112-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFAEFFCDFF940F55FFCCFFB2A07D303B</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1911101</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156201235" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7D8BA7AB656CDAA4657CD1AEF39D3ED" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
13. 
<taxonomicName LSID="A4BBFD4F-6685-506C-AC46-8A7D9239AAA7" authority="R. E. Fr." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">Cremastosperma gracilipes R.E.Fr.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Flowers of Cremastosperma. Fig. 11 from van Heusden (1992). a C. microcarpum: longitudinal section b C. oblongum R. E. Fr.: longitudinal section c C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr.: bud d C. gracilipes R. E. Fr.: flower e, f C. cauliflorum R. E. Fr.: longitudinal section (e) and stamen (f) g C. microcarpum: carpel (a Maas et al. 6281 b Maas et al. 4592 c Nelson 763 d Luteyn et al. 4890 e, f Holm-Nielsen et al. 21501 g Prance et al. 3527)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245284" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1d</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 21. Cremastosperma gracilipes R. E. Fr. a fruiting specimen b flower (a Hurtado 3019 b Palacios 1651)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245312" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 21</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Map 4" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Map 4. Distribution of Cremastosperma brevipes (DC.) R. E. Fr.; C. gracilipes R. E. Fr.; C. monospermum (Rusby) R. E. Fr." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.map4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245298" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, Map 4</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">Cremastosperma gracilipes</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. Acta Horti Bergiani 10: 325. t. 26.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
PERU, Ost-Peru, Regenwald von Ost-Peru: Stromgebiet des 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
von Iquitos 
<normalizedToken originalValue="aufwärtsbis">aufwaertsbis</normalizedToken>
zur Santiago 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mündung">Muendung</normalizedToken>
am Pongo de Manseriche, oberer 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
; unterhalb des Pongo de Manseriche, flutfreier Hochwald, 155 m a.s.l., 13 Dec 1924, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tessmann, G. 4748</emphasis>
(holotype: B! [B 10 0242370]; isotype: S! [S-R-6960]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tree</emphasis>
or 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">shrub</emphasis>
0.5-10 m tall; young twigs and petioles glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed brown hairs to 0.4 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
: petioles 2-8 by 1-2.5 mm; lamina elliptic to obovate or narrowly so, 11-28 by 3-10 cm (index 2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–4(–">-4(-</normalizedToken>
4.7)), chartaceous, (pale) greyish- or brownish-green on both sides, often more greyish above, glabrous on both sides, base acute to obtuse or rounded, apex caudate (cusp 10-35 mm long), primary vein lightly grooved for basal third, 1-1.5 mm wide at widest point, more or less verrucose below, secondary veins 8-17, often 1-3 intersecondary veins, distance between from ca. 5 mm at the base to up to 25(-30) mm closer to the apex, angles with primary vein rather variable, from 45-80° at the base to 60-80° closer to the apex, forming distinct loops, smallest distance between loops and margin 2-6.5 mm, tertiary veins percurrent. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
of single, solitary flowers, on leafy twigs; peduncles 1-4 by ca. 1 mm (in flower), 2-5 by 1.5-2 mm (in fruit); pedicels (12 
<normalizedToken originalValue="–)15–">-)15-</normalizedToken>
25 by 1 mm at the base (in flower), 14-30 by 1-1.5 mm (in fruit), peduncles and pedicels rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; 2 lower bracts, deltate, ca. 1 mm long, soon falling off, rather densely covered with more or less erect brown hairs 0.2 mm long; upper bract attached around midway along the pedicel, ovate or broadly so, 1-3 by ca. 1 mm, obtuse or acute, outer side sparsely to rather densely covered with appressed or erect whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long; closed flower buds depressed ovoid, opening loosely in development; flowers green to greenish-yellow, pale yellow or cream 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, dark brown with a lighter brown calyx 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
, outer sides of sepals and petals sparsely to rather densely covered with erect or appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long, inner sides glabrous to sparsely covered with appressed whitish hairs to 0.2 mm long (or inner petals papillate); sepals free, broadly ovate to deltate, recurved, 3-4 by 2.5-4 mm, obtuse, soon falling off; outer petals (broadly) elliptic to ovate, 9-15 by 7-12 mm, inner petals elliptic, obovate or narrowly so, 8-16 by 4-7 mm; androecium ca. 5 mm diam., stamens 1.2-1.5 mm long, connective appendage 0.7-0.8 mm wide; gynoecium ca. 2 mm diam., carpels ca. 25, ca. 2.2 mm long, sparsely covered with erect golden hairs 0.1 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Monocarps</emphasis>
3-23, ellipsoid, slightly asymmetrical, 10-15 by 7-9 mm, with an excentric apicule, green maturing to pink or yellow through to red, purple and black 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, reddish or dark brown 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in sicco</emphasis>
; stipes green maturing to pink or yellow to red 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">in vivo</emphasis>
, 7-17 by 1-1.5 mm, increasing to 3 mm diam. when mature; fruiting receptacle 3-8 mm diam.; monocarps, stipes and receptacle sparsely to rather densely covered with erect whitish hairs 0.1 mm long. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seeds</emphasis>
ellipsoid, orange-brown, shallowly pitted, 5-8 by 3.5-6 mm, raphe sunken, regular.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Amazonian Colombia (Amazonas, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Caquetá">Caqueta</normalizedToken>
, Putamayo), Ecuador (Napo, Pastaza) and Peru (Loreto).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Primary forest, but also secondary, inundated and non-inundated forest. At elevations of 100-500 m. Flowering: January and April - August; fruiting: throughout the year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="vernacular names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vernacular names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Ecuador: Ambi cara caspi (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hurtado 3019</emphasis>
); Ansuelo caspi muyo (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lawesson et al. 39560</emphasis>
), Ayacara (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Whitmore 871</emphasis>
), Daycabome (Huaorani; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Aulestia et al. 1726</emphasis>
), Muncapatamo (Huaorani; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espinoza et al. 578</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
most closely resembles 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The hairs on the flowers are shorter and less dense, which results in their drying a darker brown. The leaves are further generally distinctive in the shape of the apex (markedly caudate with an often long drip-tip) and in the green colour they consistently retain on drying. However, none of these characteristics is easy to define objectively or usefully and, although the geographic distributions of the two species are somewhat different (with 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. microcarpum" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microcarpum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. microcarpum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
extending further into lowland Amazonia), there is apparent overlap. The species are closely related and further data to test their boundaries and the potential for gene-flow between species/populations is warranted. The leaves of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longicuspe" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="longicuspe">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longicuspe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to those of 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but in contrast to 
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Annonaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both flowers and fruit are entirely glabrous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is one of the more widespread and abundant species of the genus, including occurrences in protected areas in Colombia and Ecuador, as well as in Peru. Least concern [LC] (Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Summary of IUCN preliminary conservation status per species including calculations using ConR (Dauby et al. 2017). The total number of collections is shown, including the number georeferenced (thus included in the calculations using ConR). &quot; Unique occurrences &quot; represent those with differing coordinates, whereby for poorly collected species, numbers of collections that could not be precisely georeferenced but nevertheless represent additional occurrences are indicated; &quot; locations &quot; refers to the IUCN definition as &quot; a geographically or ecologically distinct area in which a single threat can rapidly affect all individuals of the taxon present &quot;; and &quot; subpopulations &quot; are &quot; geographically or otherwise distinct groups in the population between which there is little demographic or genetic exchange (IUCN 2012). EOO = extent of occurrence, whereby the criteria contributing to endangered status are CR &lt;100 km 2, EN &lt;5,000 km 2 and VU &lt;20,000 km 2; AOO = area of occupancy, whereby the criteria are CR &lt;10 km 2, EN &lt;500 km 2 and VU &lt;2,000 km 2. We estimated EOO and AOO using ConR, also indicating for (potentially) threatened species where the values would be higher taking non-georeferenced specimens into account. Known occurrences (or not) in protected areas (national parks or reserves with protected status according to the IUCN; https: // protectedplanet. net / accessed 04.09.2018) are documented and an overall threat category with IUCN code is presented which takes into account each of these factors (as discussed individually in each species treatment)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="45F44CBB3BA4F892B1D1B4BC42D3B1F1">1</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Selected Specimens Examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">COLOMBIA. Amazonas</emphasis>
: Parque Nacional Amacayacu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">3°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 100 m a.s.l., 9 Aug 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 12675
</emphasis>
(U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ECUADOR. Napo</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
Forest Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.6666667">0°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.46667">76°28'W</geoCoordinate>
, 240-310 m a.s.l., 27 Jun 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Acevedo-Rodríguez">Acevedo-Rodriguez</normalizedToken>
7543
</emphasis>
(US); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Añangu">Anangu</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Napo, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 9 Apr 1982, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balslev 2418</emphasis>
(QCA); Comuna San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Payamino, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.3">77°18'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Balslev et al. 4634</emphasis>
(AAU, NY); Punto Aguarico, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.083333336">0°05'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="59" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.98333">76°59'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 6 Apr 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brandbyge et al. 30472</emphasis>
(AAU, MO, NY, U, WU); San Pablo de Los Secoyas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.25">0°15'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.35">76°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 7 Aug 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brandbyge et al. 32589</emphasis>
(AAU, U); Reserva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
Jatun Sacha, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="04" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.0666667">1°04'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.6">77°36'W</geoCoordinate>
, 450 m a.s.l., 17 Jan 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
702
</emphasis>
(MO, U); El Chuncho Floristic Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.01667">77°01'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 1 Oct 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
et al. 2321
</emphasis>
(MO); El Coca-Los Sachas Road, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">0°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.916664">76°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 8 Oct 1987, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill 2428</emphasis>
(MO, U); Parque Nacional Sumaco, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.4">0°24'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.38333">77°23'W</geoCoordinate>
, 540 m a.s.l., 6 Nov 1996, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Dik 1732</emphasis>
(MO); La Joya de los Sachas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.41666666">0°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="37" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.61667">76°37'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 14 Sep 1992, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gudiño">Gudino</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grefa 1787</emphasis>
(MO); San 
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
de Payamino, 40 km W of Coca, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.5">0°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.333336">77°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300-600 m a.s.l., 23 Apr 1984, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Irvine 817</emphasis>
(F); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
, 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Añangu">Anangu</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.51666665">0°31'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.38333">76°23'W</geoCoordinate>
, 270 m a.s.l., 18 Feb 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Luna et al. 9057</emphasis>
(NY, U); Reserva Etnica Huaorani, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="45" value="-0.66249996">0°39'45&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-76.666664">76°40'00&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Naranjo</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Freire 493</emphasis>
(MO); Via Loreto, 4 km W of 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Payamino, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="02" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.03333">77°02'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Aug 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill et al. 7195</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Tiputini, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.71666664">0°43'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.95">76°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 21 Jul 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ollgaard et al. 99056</emphasis>
(AAU); Parque Nacional 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.43333334">0°26'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.583336">76°35'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 7 Jun 1994, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pitman 195</emphasis>
(U); Comunidad Kichwa El Eden, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="-0.5263889">0°31'35&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="40" value="-76.094444">76°05'40&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Reyes</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Carillo 691</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Científica">Cientifica</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yasuní">Yasuni</normalizedToken>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.6333333">0°38'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200-300 m a.s.l., 27 Aug 1995, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Romoleroux</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Grefa 1834</emphasis>
(U); Sector Huashito, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.083336">77°05'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Nov 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rubio 320</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pacuno, Bimbino, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.6666667">0°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.333336">77°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 300 m a.s.l., 19 Oct 1960, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Whitmore 737</emphasis>
(U); INIAP-Payamino Experimental Station, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.43333334">0°26'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.01667">77°01'W</geoCoordinate>
, 250 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1986, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Zaruma 581</emphasis>
(AAU, MO, NY, U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pastaza</emphasis>
: Pandanuque, S of oil well Villano 2 de ARCO, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">1°28'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.45">77°27'W</geoCoordinate>
, 550 m a.s.l., 30 Aug 1997, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Alvarez et al. 2405</emphasis>
(MO); Pozo petrolero 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Namoyacu’">'Namoyacu'</normalizedToken>
de UNOCAL, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6666667">1°40'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.95">76°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 290 m a.s.l., 13 Nov 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Espinoza et al. 578</emphasis>
(MO); Pozo petrolero 
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Masaramu’">'Masaramu'</normalizedToken>
de UNOCAL, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.73333335">0°44'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.86667">76°52'W</geoCoordinate>
, 400 m a.s.l., 1 May 1990, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gudiño">Gudino</normalizedToken>
310
</emphasis>
(MO); Pozo petrolero Villano 2 de ARCO, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4166666">1°25'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.333336">77°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 400 m a.s.l., 1 Dec 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F. Hurtado 3019</emphasis>
(U); Lorocachi, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6333333">1°38'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.96667">75°58'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 24 May 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Jaramillo et al. 30773</emphasis>
(AAU, U); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Acaro or Challuayacu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.3833333">1°23'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.416664">77°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 360 m a.s.l., 19 Jan 1998, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill et al. 11095</emphasis>
(MO); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Pastaza, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.3333333">2°20'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.916664">76°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 285 m a.s.l., 24 Jul 1980, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ollgaard et al. 35223</emphasis>
(AAU); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Curaray, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.5">1°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="32" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.53333">76°32'W</geoCoordinate>
, 230 m a.s.l., 3 Sep 1985, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palacios</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Neill 783</emphasis>
(MO, U). 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">PERU. Loreto</emphasis>
: Oleoducto Secundario road betw. Bartra 1 &amp; 4, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.5">2°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.75">75°45'W</geoCoordinate>
, 200 m a.s.l., 15 Sep 1979, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
C. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 1411</emphasis>
(U); Prov. Maynas, NE of Comun Serafin Filomeno, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="08" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.133333">4°08'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="72" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">72°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 120-130 m a.s.l., 7 May 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Grández">Grandez</normalizedToken>
et al. 2488
</emphasis>
(MO); Distr. Nauta, &quot;20 Enero&quot;, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-4.6533337">4°39'12&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="-73.82166">73°49'18&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 150 m a.s.l., 22 Jun 2006, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Huamantupa</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Smith 7746</emphasis>
(MO, WAG); 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
Ampiyacu, Pebas and vicinity, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.1666667">3°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="71" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-71.816666">71°49'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4 May 1977, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Plowman et al. 7248</emphasis>
(GH); Prov. Requena, Distr. Tapiche, Quebrada Yanayacu, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="6" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-6.2636113">6°15'49&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="31" value="-73.908615">73°54'31&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 Oct 2014, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ríos">Rios</normalizedToken>
et al. 4422
</emphasis>
(F); Andoas, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.9166667">2°55'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.416664">76°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 180 m a.s.l., 9 Sep 1983, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
4423
</emphasis>
(MO); Yanamono Explorama Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.5">3°30'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="05" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.083336">73°05'W</geoCoordinate>
, 108 m a.s.l., 25 Oct 1989, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
&amp; 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N. Jaramillo 13007</emphasis>
(MO, U); Allpahuayo-IIAP, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.1666665">4°10'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.5">73°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 150-180 m a.s.l., 11 Jul 1991, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
et al. 17376
</emphasis>
(MO).
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1911221" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.112.24897.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/245312" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 21" startId="F26">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Annonaceae" genus="Cremastosperma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cremastosperma gracilipes" order="Magnoliales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cremastosperma gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
R.E.Fr. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
fruiting specimen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
flower (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">a</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hurtado 3019</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">b</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Palacios 1651</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>