138 lines
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138 lines
13 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.3246" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4523a74b-0dff-4bbe-a493-667717ee3b90" ID-PMC="PMC3385845" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-201-1" ID-PubMed="22768000" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-201-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 201" ModsDocTitle="The large carpenter bees of central Saudi Arabia, with notes on the biology of Xylocopa sulcatipes Maa (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)" checkinTime="1451248959046" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hannan, Mohammed A., Alqarni, Abdulaziz S., Owayss, Ayman A. & Engel, Michael S." docDate="2012" docId="C5EACDC8B70BCB4E00DAD6CBA3EB258E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 201: 1-14" docOrigin="ZooKeys 201" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.3246" docTitle="Xylocopa ((Koptortosoma)) aestuans" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFC8FFC5FFDEB77BFFCCFFEC3D5BFF92" masterDocTitle="The large carpenter bees of central Saudi Arabia, with notes on the biology of Xylocopa sulcatipes Maa (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)" masterLastPageNumber="14" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668153992783" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The large carpenter bees of central Saudi Arabia, with notes on the biology of Xylocopa sulcatipes Maa (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Xylocopinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hannan, Mohammed A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alqarni, Abdulaziz S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Owayss, Ayman A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Engel, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>201</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>14</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.3246</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.201.3246</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-201-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152036009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5EACDC8B70BCB4E00DAD6CBA3EB258E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5EACDC8B70BCB4E00DAD6CBA3EB258E" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Xylocopa_aestuans" authority="Linnaeus" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa ((Koptortosoma)) aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans" subGenus="(Koptortosoma)">Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans (Linnaeus)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-11
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apis aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Apis aestuans</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758: 579 [♀].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Xylocopa aestuans</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus);
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<bibRefCitation author="Illiger, K" journalOrPublisher="Magazin fuer Insektenkunde" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="28 - 175" title="William Kirby's Familien der Bienenartigen Insekten mit Zusaetzen, Nachweisungen und Bemerkungen." volume="5" year="1806">Illiger 1806</bibRefCitation>
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: 151.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Xylocopa aestuans</taxonomicName>
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can be most readily distinguished from other Saudi Arabian large carpenter bees by the following: female face with largely white or pale pubescence (Fig. 5), mesosomal dorsum densely covered by yellow pubescence obscuring underlying integument (Figs 1, 2); mandible bidentate at apex; posterodorsal margin of mesoscutellum projecting beyond posterior margin of metanotum; pygidial plate unarmed. Male covered by dense yellow pubescence (Figs 3, 4, 6); first metasomal tergum with subhorizontal dorsal surface abruptly and angulately separated from declivitous anterior surface; gradulus of first metasomal tergum transverse, lateral extremities not directed posteriorly; male terminalia as in figures 7-11.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Xylocopa aestuans</taxonomicName>
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is one of the widespread and ubiquitous of large carpenter bee species. There has been considerable debate regarding the identity of the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Koptortosoma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Koptortosoma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Koptortosoma</taxonomicName>
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similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Xylocopa aestuans</taxonomicName>
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(i.e., considering them synonyms, subspecies, or separate species), with different authors of varying opinions how to segregate the minor variation into natural taxonomic entities (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation author="Lieftinck, MA" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="137 - 158" title="The identity of Apis aestuans Linne, 1758, and related Old World carpenter-bees (Xylocopa Latr.)." volume="107" year="1964">Lieftinck 1964</bibRefCitation>
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). The Saudi Arabian populations have been at times considered to the belong to the largely African,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Xylocopa pubescens</taxonomicName>
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Spinola, although the genitalia of those populations are quite dissimilar from true
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Xylocopa pubescens</taxonomicName>
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. Indeed, the genitalia (Figs. 7-11) and other characters are certainly more alike the more easterly populations of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans">Xylocopa aestuans</taxonomicName>
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and there seems little reason at this time to not consider the central Saudi Arabian populations as such, as was done by
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<bibRefCitation author="Shalaby, F" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="211 - 228" title="A preliminary survey of the insect fauna of Saudi Arabia." volume="45" year="1961">Shalaby (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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. The species has also been recorded from the United Arab Emirates (
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<bibRefCitation author="van Harten, A" journalOrPublisher="Dar Al Ummah, Abu Dhabi, UAE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" title="The Insects of the United Arab Emirates: A Checklist of Published Records" year="2005">Harten 2005</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Dathe, H" journalOrPublisher="Arthropod Fauna of the UAE" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="335 - 432" title="Order Hymenoptera, superfamily Apoidea: Families Colletidae, Andrenidae, Halictidae, Melittidae, Megachilidae and Apidae." volume="2" year="2009">Dathe 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). Biological accounts, largely from India or Southeast Asia, have been provided by
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<bibRefCitation author="Dover, C" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="144 - 149" title="Some observations on the bionomics of Xylocopa aestuans Linn. (Apidae)." url="10.1111/j.1365-2311.1924.tb03354.x" volume="72" year="1924">Dover (1924)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Monod, T" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Serie A, Sciences Naturelles" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="169 - 176" title="Percement de la fleur de Tecoma stans (L.) par Xylocopa aestuans (L.) a Nouakchott (Mauritanie)." volume="39" year="1977">Monod (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Binti, IR" journalOrPublisher="Malaysian Applied Biology" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="85 - 91" title="Foraging and nesting behaviour of carpenter bee, Xylocopa aestuans." volume="21" year="1992">Binti (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="El-Borollosy, FN" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique d'Egypte" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="399 - 405" title="Nesting habits and flight behaviour of Xylocopa aestuans L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." volume="56" year="1972">El-Borollosy and Ismail (1972</bibRefCitation>
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: note that these observations may be of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa pubescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pubescens">Xylocopa pubescens</taxonomicName>
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, the identity of their material requires checking), and
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<bibRefCitation author="Punekar, SA" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Threatened Taxa" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="1232 - 1233" title="Observations on an unusual behaviour in the carpenter bee Xylocopa aestuans (Latreille, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) of the Western Ghats, India." volume="2" year="2010">Punekar et al. (2010)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figures 1-4. Habitus photomicrographs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans" subGenus="Koptortosoma">Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) from central Saudi Arabia. 1 Female, dorsal 2 Female, lateral 3 Male, dorsal 4 Male, lateral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figures 5-6. Faces of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans" subGenus="Koptortosoma">Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) from central Saudi Arabia. 5 Female 6 Male.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Figures 7-11. Male terminalia of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Xylocopa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aestuans" subGenus="Koptortosoma">Xylocopa (Koptortosoma) aestuans</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus) from central Saudi Arabia. 7 Genital capsule, dorsal aspect 8 Genital capsule, lateral aspect 9 Genital capsule, ventral aspect 10 Seventh metasomal sternum 11 Eighth metasomal sternum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |