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<document id="28D476130BA2ED4D635334DBA9C56F42" ID-CLB-Dataset="8617" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4847.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8498d050-113a-4658-9b4c-db8087b12c81" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4406856" ID-ZooBank="1F8E3DED-6EA9-4D8A-8DA9-CD8C0CC9147F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609426440903" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kolesik, Peter &amp; Gagné, Raymond J." docDate="2020" docId="A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4847.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4847 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Actilasioptera Gagne 1998" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="5F14FFAC1C4B53715549FF9A2313E07B" masterDocTitle="A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1698850548351" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="1E485B353ADBCB8B0021088C5BA8D293">A review of the gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Indonesia: taxonomy, biology and adult key to genera</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C4D02C26ABE469268FB3EE794005C5DF">Kolesik, Peter</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6AA5EBCBB235A47D8378A5AE8C15C16">Gagné, Raymond J.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4407434" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177136565" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4407434" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="639E65491C42537855DEFF0D2279E0CA" box="[151,362,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C42537855DEFF0D2279E0CA" blockId="9.[151,362,151,213]" box="[151,362,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="707381AE1C42537855DEFF0D2279E0CA" bold="true" box="[151,362,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="4">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537855DEFF0D2279E0CA" bold="true" box="[151,362,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537855DEFF0D222CE0C9" ID-CoL="NN5" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,319,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537855DEFF0D222CE0C9" bold="true" box="[151,319,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Actilasioptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C42537855DEFF21220AE0AE" box="[151,281,186,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C42537855DEFF21220AE0AE" blockId="9.[151,362,151,213]" box="[151,281,186,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
[
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C42537855D7FF2123F5E0AE" box="[158,230,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
k–n]
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C42537855DEFE9A217DE163" box="[151,622,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C42537855DEFE9A217DE163" blockId="9.[151,622,255,280]" box="[151,622,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="0B9411EC1C42537855DEFE9A217DE163" box="[151,622,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<treatmentCitation id="AA2510D31C42537855DEFE9A2114E163" author="Felt, E. P." box="[151,519,256,280]" page="141" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" year="1921">
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537855DEFE9A2114E163" ID-CoL="8F4PZ" authority="Felt, 1921 b: 141" authorityName="Felt" authorityPageNumber="141" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,519,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Stefaniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537855DEFE9A2249E163" box="[151,346,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Stefaniella falcaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C4253785429FE9A2114E163" author="Felt, E. P." box="[352,519,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref58163" refString="Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1921">Felt, 1921b: 141</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
(
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378575FFF65214CE163" bold="true" box="[534,607,255,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">in part</emphasis>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C42537855DEFEDF22F1E18B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C42537855DEFEDF22F1E18B" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537855DEFEDF2297E124" bold="true" box="[151,388,325,351]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Material examined.</emphasis>
Female
<typeStatus id="F43F88601C42537854A5FEDC2190E11B" box="[492,643,326,352]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537857E6FEDC20EEE11A" authority="(Felt)" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[687,1021,326,353]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537857E6FEDC20A1E11B" box="[687,946,326,352]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Actilasioptera falcaria</emphasis>
(Felt)
</taxonomicName>
, designated by
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537851FCFEDC27EDE11B" authority="Kolesik &amp; Gagné, 2020" authorityName="Kolesik &amp; Gagné" authorityYear="2020" box="[1205,1278,326,352]" genus="Gagne" pageId="9" pageNumber="4" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Gagné</taxonomicName>
(in
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C425378507AFEDC2218E1FF" author="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L." pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref58481" refString="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L. (1999) Actilasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae). In: Csoka, G., Matson, W. J., Stone, G. N. &amp; Price, P. W. (Eds.), The Biology of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Forest Service General Technical Report NC- 199. US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 23 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C425378507AFEDC266FE11B" authority="Kolesik &amp; Gagné, 2020" authorityName="Kolesik &amp; Gagné" authorityYear="2020" box="[1331,1404,326,352]" genus="Gagne" pageId="9" pageNumber="4" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Gagné</taxonomicName>
&amp; Law 1999
</bibRefCitation>
), “
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785462FEF02103E1FF" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[299,528,362,388]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785462FEF02103E1FF" box="[299,528,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Avicennia officinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.” [corrected to
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C425378579FFEF0268EE1FF" authority="(Griff.) Bakh." authorityName="Bakh." baseAuthorityName="Griff." box="[726,1437,362,389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="marina" variety="intermedia">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378579FFEF0208FE1FF" box="[726,924,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Avicennia marina</emphasis>
(Forssk.) Vierh. var
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537851CAFEF027EFE1FF" box="[1155,1276,362,388]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">intermedia</emphasis>
(Griff.) Bakh.
</taxonomicName>
by DvL (1921)], Semarang,
<collectingRegion id="E940F8201C4253785490FE14211EE1D3" box="[473,525,398,424]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="539376521C4253785753FE142199E1D3" box="[538,650,398,424]" name="Indonesia" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<date id="5F3A10021C42537857DFFE142006E1D3" box="[662,789,398,424]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1914-04-29">29-iv-1914</date>
, W. Docters van Leeuwen, Felt #a3090. The specimen is mounted whole, uncleared, with head and thorax mounted laterally, the abdomen dorsoventrally, the ovipositor retracted inside the abdomen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C425378558EFE632114E2B3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C425378558EFE632635E2DF" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378558EFE63224AE268" bold="true" box="[199,345,505,531]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785429FE6022A7E26F" box="[352,436,506,532]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Female</emphasis>
. Wing
<quantity id="EC7C9B271C425378574FFE60214FE26F" box="[518,604,506,532]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="EC7C9B271C42537857EBFE6021EAE26F" box="[674,761,506,532]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
wide; R
<subScript id="B70034871C425378561EFD96204CE261" attach="left" box="[855,863,524,538]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5</subScript>
two-thirds wing length, straight. Antennae with 12 flagellomeres, as in
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785434FD8422E4E243" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[381,503,542,568]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785434FD8422E4E243" box="[381,503,542,568]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Palpus [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C4253785729FD8421A5E243" box="[608,694,541,568]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2k</figureCitation>
] 2-segmented; first segment twice as long as wide, constricted at basal third, with several setae; second segment one-third width and length of first, with single terminal seta; palpiger absent. Ovipositor retracted inside abdomen, so extent of its dorsoventral curvature, a character differentiating
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537855DEFD102225E2DF" authorityName="Gagne" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,310,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537855DEFD102225E2DF" box="[151,310,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Actilasioptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C4253785430FD10214EE2DF" author="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L." box="[377,605,650,676]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref58481" refString="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L. (1999) Actilasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae). In: Csoka, G., Matson, W. J., Stone, G. N. &amp; Price, P. W. (Eds.), The Biology of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Forest Service General Technical Report NC- 199. US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 23 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785430FD1022D7E2DF" authority="Kolesik &amp; Gagné, 2020" authorityName="Kolesik &amp; Gagné" authorityYear="2020" box="[377,452,650,676]" genus="Gagne" pageId="9" pageNumber="4" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Gagné</taxonomicName>
&amp; Law 1999
</bibRefCitation>
), is not visible. Tarsal claws, empodia, pulvilli as in
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537851EEFD10260CE2DF" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1191,1311,650,676]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537851EEFD10260CE2DF" box="[1191,1311,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C425378558EFD342114E2B3" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" box="[199,519,686,712]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378558EFD342283E2B3" box="[199,400,686,712]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Male, pupa, larva</emphasis>
unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C425378558EFD482209E44B" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C425378558EFD482209E44B" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378558EFD482228E297" bold="true" box="[199,315,722,748]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks.</emphasis>
This specimen was reared from the same host as
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785634FD48276DE297" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[893,1150,722,748]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785634FD48276DE297" box="[893,1150,722,748]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Actilasioptera falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but from a different leaf gall. While the gall of
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537854DCFD6C211EE36B" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[405,525,758,784]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537854DCFD6C211EE36B" box="[405,525,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a large, irregular swelling [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C4253785614FD6C20B6E36B" box="[861,933,757,784]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs 2</figureCitation>
a–d], the one associated with this female is a small, round pustule [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C42537854C2FC802118E34F" box="[395,523,793,820]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Figs
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, n
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]. The female differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537856CFFC8020ECE34F" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[902,1023,794,820]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537856CFFC8020ECE34F" box="[902,1023,794,820]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the size of the second palpal segment that in this species is substantially smaller than the first and bears a single seta [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C425378510FFCA4278FE323" box="[1094,1180,829,856]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2k</figureCitation>
], while in
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785046FCA42694E323" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1295,1415,830,856]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785046FCA42694E323" box="[1295,1415,830,856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
it is only slightly smaller than the second and bears several setae [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C4253785614FCF820A0E307" box="[861,947,865,892]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2h</figureCitation>
]. At the time of the description, DvL (1921) believed that the two gall
<typeStatus id="F43F88601C42537854FEFC1C22E1E3DB" box="[439,498,902,928]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">types</typeStatus>
were caused by two different species but
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C425378568AFC1C275DE3DA" author="Felt, E. P." box="[963,1102,902,929]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref58163" refString="Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1921">Felt (1921b)</bibRefCitation>
wrote that with little question this female was referable to
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C425378549FFC30215CE3BF" baseAuthorityName="Felt" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[470,591,938,964]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Actilasioptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falcaria">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378549FFC30215CE3BF" box="[470,591,938,964]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. falcaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The palpus of the specimen differs also from that of the remaining congeners in which the second palpal segment is larger than the first and bears several setae (see
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C42537851E3FC542683E393" author="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L." box="[1194,1424,974,1000]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="23 - 34" refId="ref58481" refString="Gagne, R. J. &amp; Law, L. L. (1999) Actilasioptera (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a new genus for Australian and Asian gall midges of grey mangroves, Avicennia spp. (Avicenniaceae). In: Csoka, G., Matson, W. J., Stone, G. N. &amp; Price, P. W. (Eds.), The Biology of Gall-inducing Arthropods. Forest Service General Technical Report NC- 199. US Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, Minnesota, pp. 23 - 34." type="book chapter" year="1999">
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537851E3FC5427E0E393" authority="Kolesik &amp; Gagné, 2020" authorityName="Kolesik &amp; Gagné" authorityYear="2020" box="[1194,1267,974,1000]" genus="Gagne" pageId="9" pageNumber="4" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">Gagné</taxonomicName>
&amp; Law 1999
</bibRefCitation>
). We did not name this segregate in as much as the available female is in poor condition and the male, pupa and larva are lacking.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="639E65491C425378558EFBA3275EE5E2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C425378558EFBA32007E557" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378558EFBA32234E428" bold="true" box="[199,295,1081,1107]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Biology.</emphasis>
This species causes small pustule-like leaf galls on
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537856CDFBA027EFE42E" box="[900,1276,1082,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537856CDFBA0275EE42F" box="[900,1101,1082,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Avicennia marina</emphasis>
(Acanthaceae)
</taxonomicName>
. According to DvLR &amp; DvL (1910a, gall No. 97, Fig. 51c [
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C4253785736FBC421C0E403" box="[639,723,1117,1144]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 2n</figureCitation>
]) and DvLR &amp; DvL (1926, gall No. 1284) the gall is a round leaf pustule,
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wide and
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or less thick, yellowish green on the upper side, yellow on the underside, containing two larval chambers. Following adult emergence, the pupal exuviae remain wedged in the exit holes on the underside of the gall. While the host was given as “
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C42537857D7FB502097E49F" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[670,900,1226,1252]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="officinalis">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537857D7FB502097E49F" box="[670,900,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Avicennia officinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L.” in DvLR &amp; DvL (1910a) and
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C4253785040FB502684E49E" author="Felt, E. P." box="[1289,1431,1226,1253]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref58163" refString="Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1921">Felt (1921b)</bibRefCitation>
, DvL (1921) corrected the species to
<taxonomicName id="EC844D411C4253785778FB742611E573" authority="(Griff.) Bakh." authorityName="Bakh." baseAuthorityName="Griff." box="[561,1282,1262,1289]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Avicennia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="marina" variety="intermedia">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C4253785778FB7421E4E573" box="[561,759,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Avicennia marina</emphasis>
(Forssk.) Vierh. var.
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C42537856AEFB742773E573" box="[999,1120,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">intermedia</emphasis>
(Griff.) Bakh.
</taxonomicName>
and provided a new, detailed illustration of the gall in
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C4253785712FA88218FE557" box="[603,668,1298,1324]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1246,1270]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,190,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[151,1436,181,1222]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 3a–o. Asphondylia callicarpae: a, gall on Callicarpa erioclona from the Philippines (Fig. X-2 of Uichanco (1919)); b, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java (Fig. 927 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); c, gall on Callicarpa longifolia from Java (Fig. 8 of DvL 1921); d, male palpi; e, male first tarsal segment; f, male last tarsal segment with claw, empodium and pulvillus; g, male antenna; h, gonostylus in posterodorsal view; i, female palpi; j, female wing; k, female antenna (within pupal exuviae); l, end of ovipositor in ventral view; m–o, anterior part of pupa: m, o, ventral; n, lateral. Insect drawings d–m are based on types reared from C. erioclona in the Philippines, n–o from C. longifolia in Java." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406864" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406864/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
[
<figureCitation id="B3BF2A471C42537857E3FA88201AE557" box="[682,777,1297,1324]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1698,1722]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,244,1662]" captionTargetId="figure-43@8.[151,1436,237,1674]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 2a–j. Actilasioptera falcaria: a–d, galls on Avicennia marina: a, leaf upper side on top, gall cross section on bottom (Figs 51a, b of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910); b (Fig. 2 of DvL 1921); c (Fig 921 of DvLR &amp; DvL (1926)); d, leaf underside (Fig. 2 of Gagné &amp; Law 1999); e–f, male: e, tarsal claw with empodium and pulvillus; f, terminalia (somewhat misshapen in the preparation), from left to right: cerci (ce), mesobasal lobe (ml), aedeagus (ae), hypoproct (hy), gonocoxite (gc), gonostylus (gs); g–k, female: g, end of abdomen (lateral); h, palpi; i, sixth flagellomere (ventral); j, same (dorsal). Figs 2k-n. Actilasioptera sp.: k, palpi; l, wing; m, galls on Avicennia marina, drawn to same scale as Fig. 2a, leaf underside on left, upper side on right (Fig. 3 of DvL (1921); n, gall cross section (Fig. 51c of DvLR &amp; DvL 1910)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4406860" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4406860/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Fig.
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].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2B3B36C21C425378558EFAAF275EE5E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,325,1433]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="19F0EAD01C425378558EFAAF2113E534" bold="true" box="[199,512,1333,1359]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Geographical distribution</emphasis>
.
<materialsCitation id="9BEC3C9F1C4253785759FAAC22E1E50E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026660439" collectingDate="1914-04-29" location="Semarang" municipality="This" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<collectingMunicipality id="CB5FACB81C4253785759FAAC2151E52B" box="[528,578,1334,1360]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">This</collectingMunicipality>
segregate is currently known only from
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,
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where it was collected
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<collectingDate id="4F7EE9EA1C42537855ABFAC0224DE50F" box="[226,350,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1914-04-29">29-iv-1914</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="4F154B331C4253785427FAC022F9E50E" author="Felt, E. P." box="[366,490,1370,1397]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="139 - 151" refId="ref58163" refString="Felt, E. P. (1921 b) Javanese gall midges. Treubia, 1, 139 - 151." type="journal article" year="1921">Felt 1921b</bibRefCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="9BEC3C9F1C42537854B3FAC02755E50F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026660364" box="[506,1094,1370,1396]" collectingDate="1912-03" location="Semarang" municipality="Jrakah" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
and also from
<collectingMunicipality id="CB5FACB81C42537857D4FAC021FAE50F" box="[669,745,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jrakah</collectingMunicipality>
, near
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,
<collectingRegion id="E940F8201C42537856E5FAC020F3E50F" box="[940,992,1370,1396]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="5F3A10021C42537856A4FAC02755E50F" box="[1005,1094,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1912-03">
<collectingDate id="4F7EE9EA1C42537856A4FAC02755E50F" box="[1005,1094,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1912-03">iii.1912</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
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<location id="2E5B60191C425378511BFAC027B0E50F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2:2E5B60191C425378511BFAC027B0E50F" box="[1106,1187,1370,1396]" name="Brebes" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Brebes</location>
,
<collectingRegion id="E940F8201C42537851E6FAC027F0E50F" box="[1199,1251,1370,1396]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Java</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="5F3A10021C42537851B9FAC0262FE50F" box="[1264,1340,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1919-01">
<collectingDate id="4F7EE9EA1C42537851B9FAC0262FE50F" box="[1264,1340,1370,1396]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1919-01">i-1919</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9BEC3C9F1C4253785001FAC02142E5E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026660414" collectingDate="1919-04" location="Untung" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<location id="2E5B60191C4253785001FAC0268FE50F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2:2E5B60191C4253785001FAC0268FE50F" box="[1352,1436,1370,1396]" name="Untung" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Untung</location>
<collectingRegion id="E940F8201C42537855DEFAE423DCE5E3" box="[151,207,1406,1432]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jawa</collectingRegion>
island, near
<collectingRegion id="E940F8201C4253785417FAE422E3E5E3" box="[350,496,1406,1432]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Jakarta, Java</collectingRegion>
,
<date id="5F3A10021C42537854B2FAE42142E5E3" box="[507,593,1406,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1919-04">
<collectingDate id="4F7EE9EA1C42537854B2FAE42142E5E3" box="[507,593,1406,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1919-04">iv.1919</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="9BEC3C9F1C4253785714FAE42043E5E3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3026660389" box="[605,848,1406,1432]" collectingDate="1921-04" location="Sebesi island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">
<location id="2E5B60191C4253785714FAE421E0E5E3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A32D87D41C42537855DEFF0D275EE5E2:2E5B60191C4253785714FAE421E0E5E3" box="[605,755,1406,1432]" name="Sebesi island" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" stateProvince="Jawa Timur">Sebesi island</location>
,
<date id="5F3A10021C42537857B7FAE42043E5E3" box="[766,848,1406,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1921-04">
<collectingDate id="4F7EE9EA1C42537857B7FAE42043E5E3" box="[766,848,1406,1432]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1921-04">iv.1921</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
(DvLR &amp; DvL 1926).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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