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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7894826" ID-ZooBank="BE0A07DB-170A-4B72-8178-9B8144C1FBF6" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1683182638917" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Archibald, S. Bruce &amp; Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P." docDate="2023" docId="A148D509FFB5FFF2FF6D6DE3CA1FFE18" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5278.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5278 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudocimbex Rohwer 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="5D71AD71FFABFFEDFFFA6B55C878FFC9" masterDocTitle="Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in the Paleogene: revision, the new subfamily Cenocimbicinae, and new taxa from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="31" updateTime="1683183299905" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title>Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera, Symphyta) in the Paleogene: revision, the new subfamily Cenocimbicinae, and new taxa from the Eocene Okanagan Highlands</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Archibald, S. Bruce</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-4397-2497</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2020 - 2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada. bruce. archibald @ ubc. ca; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4397 - 2497 &amp; Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, V 5 A 1 S 6, Canada Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, United States of America &amp; Royal British Columbia Museum, 675 Belleville Street, Victoria, British Columbia, V 8 W 9 W 2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rasnitsyn, Alexandr P.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>A. A. Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117647, Russia &amp; Invertebrate Paleontology Department, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom Corresponding author. bruce. archibald @ ubc. ca</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-05-04</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5278</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[151,590,1718,1745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,590,1718,1780]" box="[151,590,1718,1745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,590,1718,1745]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,590,1718,1745]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Genus
<taxonomicName authority="Rohwer, 1908" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1908" box="[238,590,1718,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Pseudocimbex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[238,412,1718,1745]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudocimbex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, S. A." box="[420,590,1718,1744]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="521 - 530" refId="ref19150" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1908) On the Tenthredinoidea of the Florissant Shales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1908">Rohwer, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,238,1754,1780]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,590,1718,1780]" box="[151,238,1754,1780]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<figureCitation box="[151,234,1754,1780]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,777,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-263@30.[151,1436,777,1445]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pseudocimbex clavatus Rohwer holotype, UCM-18614, Tenthredinoidea incertae sedis, from the Florissant Formation:A, photograph; B, drawing; C, drawing of right forewing; D, drawing of left forewing; E, drawing of left hind wing. Scale bars AB, 5 mm; CD, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7894937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7894937/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,530,1822,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,530,1822,1847]" box="[151,530,1822,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,530,1822,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<treatmentCitation author="Rohwer, S. A." box="[151,525,1822,1847]" page="526" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1908">
<taxonomicName authority="Rohwer, 1908, p. 526" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityPageNumber="526" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,525,1822,1847]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Pseudocimbex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,297,1823,1847]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudocimbex</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, S. A." box="[304,449,1823,1847]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="521 - 530" refId="ref19150" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1908) On the Tenthredinoidea of the Florissant Shales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1908">Rohwer, 1908</bibRefCitation>
, p. 526
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,938,1884,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,938,1884,1908]" box="[151,938,1884,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,286,1884,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<typeStatus box="[151,204,1884,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName authority="Rohwer, 1908" authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1908" box="[298,687,1884,1908]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Pseudocimbex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clavatus">
<emphasis box="[298,535,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Pseudocimbex clavatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rohwer, S. A." box="[542,687,1884,1908]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="521 - 530" refId="ref19150" refString="Rohwer, S. A. (1908) On the Tenthredinoidea of the Florissant Shales. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 24, 521 - 530." type="journal article" year="1908">Rohwer, 1908</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="30.[151,1437,1954,2017]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,465]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,1954,1980]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Distinct from all other
<taxonomicName box="[544,658,1954,1980]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Symphyta">Symphyta</taxonomicName>
by hind wing with M+Cu branching to M, Cu unusually basally; M and Cu at a low angle to M+Cu, almost aligned with it; cell mcu long, narrow, wedge-shaped; cu-a present, vertical. Also distinct from all other
<taxonomicName box="[479,593,151,177]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Symphyta">Symphyta</taxonomicName>
by comparatively short antenna (about as long as half head width) with subspherical club consisting of several very short segments. Additionally distinct from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[1122,1251,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
by lack of 2r-rs; by its wide costal space; and by presence of vein Sc.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,151,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,259,285]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Remarks</emphasis>
. 2r-rs is not detected in the forewing in some cimbicid specimens described here, presumably by preservation. It is, however, confidently absent in both forewings of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1908" box="[925,1087,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" genus="Pseudocimbex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[925,1087,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pseudocimbex</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
examined dry and wetted with ethanol (
<figureCitation box="[251,338,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 28" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1468,1492]" captionTargetBox="[151,1430,777,1439]" captionTargetId="figure-263@30.[151,1436,777,1445]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 28. Pseudocimbex clavatus Rohwer holotype, UCM-18614, Tenthredinoidea incertae sedis, from the Florissant Formation:A, photograph; B, drawing; C, drawing of right forewing; D, drawing of left forewing; E, drawing of left hind wing. Scale bars AB, 5 mm; CD, 3 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7894937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7894937/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
). The very short antenna does occur in various
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1911" box="[887,987,331,357]" class="Insecta" family="Pergidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pergidae</taxonomicName>
, however, there it is combined with an elongate and non-segmented club. In comparison with extant species, a placement of this fossil in either
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1825" box="[1307,1436,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Cimbicidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cimbicidae</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rohwer" authorityYear="1911" box="[182,279,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Pergidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pergidae</taxonomicName>
remains ambiguous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="31.[151,1436,151,465]" box="[199,615,438,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,396,438,464]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Species included</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus box="[409,465,439,465]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type</typeStatus>
species only.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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