448 lines
54 KiB
XML
448 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="FA0EF9A3CF1267F34205D5C2BCD84971" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.181987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="881d2e23-0aa0-436c-9703-42b94facf098" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="181987" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459847325401" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gershwin, Lisa-Ann & Zeidler, Wolfgang" docDate="2008" docId="73233F12FF9D537B9E8D20D6FC29FE5B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01764p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1764" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Sanderia pampinosus Gershwin & Zeidler, 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="8F1A476AFF9C537E9E1A260BFF92FF91" masterDocTitle="Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="42" updateTime="1698224948812" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="DC4D901CE2D0DBE93DA1FBFE3A667833" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E73FDB5865B47400D89EAAF6EC16E9EC">
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<mods:title id="F4478648CEB65C8041D11028DE06CC36">Two new jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) from tropical Australian waters</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="001EB985BE9F190BE370974FDC7FC13F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7509D5B898A9B551230CAAE5579B7F0D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="16FD7EDDB1F7D13FD80399BD95E3C85B">Gershwin, Lisa-Ann</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="E46159CF17730CAF66261E3E324F114D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5442F935BB6C24B0E05AB5E081EE6B21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BB0039675B08614679F88EA56B86524B">Zeidler, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6AAC7853EDDECF3C0BE78F90DBA82F80">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="3CFD1AB2E66E83B0C40FFE9890AFAC91">
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<mods:title id="B62E5E50E1AA194D872FA78AB8D158FB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="33BE30F22F0FE754E4FE400C7C1198A3">
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<mods:date id="36BE86544F52624309FC64FEE3039991">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="BFC83F734B68A63AFE4A1015374241CB" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="1BAE394AE096785F2EF95A9BA7C05AEB">1764</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="4533FCFEE6A91BD1E771AEB95BB5E7AC">41</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A4C8772D3AFB97F0327BF6E12D1602BF">52</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="A44B03A8C6621F7FC46E390467F72DE7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5DCD9703ED069E10FC3C03492D6A331D" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.181987</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="68E23E307F176B25ECA46E391F69ADDB" type="GBIF-Dataset">881d2e23-0aa0-436c-9703-42b94facf098</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DFCE271747621A8A531FEB4190F26368" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4BCEBFADE370FA4C9768ED5DF14DCFCF" type="Zenodo-Dep">181987</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="73233F12FF9D537B9E8D20D6FC29FE5B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6236092" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361815" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6236092" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:73233F12FF9D537B9E8D20D6FC29FE5B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/73233F12FF9D537B9E8D20D6FC29FE5B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9D537F9E8D20D6FF68F88B" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9D537F9E8D20D6FD9AF966" blockId="1.[151,520,1757,1818]" box="[151,520,1757,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<heading id="A07D3968FF9D537F9E8D20D6FD9AF966" bold="true" box="[151,520,1757,1783]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9D537F9E8D20D6FD9AF966" bold="true" box="[151,520,1757,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9D537F9E8D20D6FE0EF966" ID-CoL="6XHKG" box="[151,412,1757,1783]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9D537F9E8D20D6FE0EF966" bold="true" box="[151,412,1757,1783]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sanderia pampinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2CDEF6DFF9D537F9FB120D6FD9AF966" box="[427,520,1757,1783]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9D537F9E8D210BFF68F88B" blockId="1.[151,520,1757,1818]" box="[151,250,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9D537F9E8D210BFF68F88B" box="[151,250,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,357,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1390,357,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sanderia pampinosus, sp. nov. A, Holotype, exumbrellar view. B, Exumbrellar papillae, paratype Z 4748. C, Gastro-gonadal pouch, showing gastric filaments surrounded by ring of gonadal papillae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181988/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Figure 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9D537F9E8D2141FD50F810" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9D537F9E8D2141FD50F810" blockId="1.[151,777,1866,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="DB9AA92AFF9D537F9E8D2141FD50F810" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9D537F9EB92141FE12F8F0" ID-CoL="79HMD" box="[163,384,1866,1889]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9D537F9EB92141FE12F8F0" box="[163,384,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sanderia malayensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF9D537F9F872141FDF6F8F0" author="Stiasny" box="[413,612,1866,1889]" page="225" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="1937">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9D537F9F872141FDBDF8F0" author="Stiasny" box="[413,559,1866,1889]" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. Scientific Report of the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 1934, 4, 203 - 242, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny, 1937</bibRefCitation>
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: 225
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 1, figs 1–3.
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<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9D537F9E8D2161FF65F810" ID-CoL="84MTP" box="[151,247,1898,1921]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9D537F9E8D2161FF65F810" box="[151,247,1898,1921]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">Sanderia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. –
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<treatmentCitation id="7A2BA815FF9D537F9F2D2161FD15F810" author="Gershwin" box="[311,647,1898,1921]" page="127" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" year="2002">
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<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9D537F9F2D2161FDC6F810" author="Gershwin" box="[311,596,1898,1921]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refString="Gershwin, L. - a. & Collins, A. G. (2002) A preliminary phylogeny of Pelagiidae (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa), with new observations of Chrysaora colorata comb. nov. Journal of Natural History, 36, 127 - 148. Supplemental data archived at: http: // www. ucmp. berkeley. edu / archdata / Gershwin _ Collins /." type="journal article" year="2002">Gershwin & Collins, 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 127
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</treatmentCitation>
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–148.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9D537C9E8D21B8FB8FFEBB" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="43" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9D537F9E8D21B8FB35F865" blockId="1.[151,1435,1970,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9D537F9E8D21B8FE91F85D" box="[151,259,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">
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<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9D537F9E8D21B8FE91F85D" box="[151,259,1971,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectionCode id="9D9B16C1FF9D537F9F0821B9FEC8F85D" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[274,346,1970,1996]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="1" pageNumber="42">WAM</collectionCode>
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Z4692,
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<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF9D537F9FA621B9FE7AF85D" box="[444,488,1970,1996]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" type="generic">105</specimenCount>
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n. miles NW of Port Hedland, WA,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9D537F9D8821B9FC6CF85D" box="[914,1022,1970,1996]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-19.1">19° 06’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9D537F9A1021B9FB12F85D" box="[1034,1152,1970,1996]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="117.28333">117° 17’E</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9D537F9ABC21B9FA80F85D" box="[1190,1298,1970,1996]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="-19.083334">19° 05’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9D537F9B0721B9FA04F85D" box="[1309,1430,1970,1996]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" precision="925" value="117.316666">117° 19’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF9D537F9E8D21D1FEACF865" box="[151,318,2010,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="42" value="1982-04-14">14 April 1982</date>
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, coll. L. Marsh on ‘Soela;’ 74.80mm BD, gonadal papillae: 40, 40, 39, 41.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9E537C9EDF2693FB8FFEBB" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9EDF2693FEA9FF20" box="[197,315,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9E537C9EDF2693FEA9FF20" box="[197,315,152,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectionCode id="9D9B16C1FF9E537C9F572693FE07FF23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[333,405,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">WAM</collectionCode>
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Z4693,
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<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF9E537C9FE32693FDB7FF23" box="[505,549,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="generic">100</specimenCount>
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n. miles NW of Port Hedland, WA,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9DCF2693FBD3FF23" box="[981,1089,152,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-18.983334">18° 59’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9A542693FB54FF23" box="[1102,1222,152,178]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="117.53333">117° 32’E</geoCoordinate>
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to
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9AF72693FACAFF23" box="[1261,1368,152,178]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-18.983334">18° 59’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9B7C2693FF40FF4B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="117.51667">117° 31’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF9E537C9EC526CBFE14FF4B" box="[223,390,192,218]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1982-04-14">14 April 1982</date>
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, coll. L. Marsh on ‘Soela;’ 49.25mm BD, gonadal papillae: 44, 36, 44, 42.
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<collectionCode id="9D9B16C1FF9E537C9AE326CBFAD3FF4B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" box="[1273,1345,192,218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34981" name="Western Australian Museum" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">WAM</collectionCode>
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Z4748,
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<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF9E537C9E8D26E3FF51FE93" box="[151,195,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="generic">106</specimenCount>
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n. miles NNW of Port Hedland, WA,
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9C6726E3FD7AFE93" box="[637,744,232,258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-18.55">18° 33’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9CE926E3FCF8FE93" box="[755,874,232,258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="118.36667">118° 22’E</geoCoordinate>
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||
to
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9D9426E3FC6BFE93" box="[910,1017,232,258]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="-18.55">18° 33’S</geoCoordinate>
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:
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<geoCoordinate id="9EBEE8C3FF9E537C9A1E26E3FBEFFE93" box="[1028,1149,232,258]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" precision="925" value="118.333336">118° 20’E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="8F34A8C4FF9E537C9A9326E3FAAFFE93" box="[1161,1341,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" value="1982-03-28">28 March 1982</date>
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, coll. L. Marsh on ‘Soela;’ 59.53mm BD, gonadal papillae: 40, 40, 34 (damaged), 38.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="AFF5DE8CFF9E537C9E8D2181FBDCF855" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181988/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" targetBox="[196,1389,357,1902]" targetPageId="2">
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||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9E537C9E8D2181FBDCF855" blockId="2.[151,1436,1930,1988]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9E8D2181FE8AF833" bold="true" box="[151,280,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9E537C9F052180FD96F833" box="[287,516,1931,1954]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus" status="sp. nov.">
|
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9F052180FD96F833" box="[287,516,1931,1954]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Sanderia pampinosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9C0B2181FD15F833" bold="true" box="[529,647,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D2CDEF6DFF9E537C9C0B2181FDF5F833" box="[529,615,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
A,
|
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</emphasis>
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||
Holotype, exumbrellar view.
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<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9DD82181FC49F833" bold="true" box="[962,987,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">B,</emphasis>
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Exumbrellar papillae, paratype Z4748.
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9E537C9B982181FA0EF833" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1930,1954]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">C,</emphasis>
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Gastro-gonadal pouch, showing gastric filaments surrounded by ring of gonadal papillae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9F537D9EDC269CFD50FE93" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDC269CFD50FE93" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9EDC269CFED4FF20" bold="true" box="[198,326,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9F572693FE25FF20" box="[333,439,152,177]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9F572693FE25FF20" box="[333,439,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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with approximately 40 gonadal papillae per pouch, with gonadal tissue entirely contained within the papillae in horseshoe-shaped gastric pouches; eradial tentacles flattened in the oral-aboral direction, with nematocyst clusters on all sides.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9F537D9EDC2704FBC3FB7B" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDC2704FC6CFE63" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9EDC2704FECCFEB8" bold="true" box="[198,350,271,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Umbrella diameter to
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9C74271BFD2EFEBB" box="[622,700,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="75.0">75mm</quantity>
|
||
, of thin consistency; with conspicuous flattened, solid, gelatinous, nematocyst-tipped papillae over entire exumbrellar surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9F537D9DB32733FB9EFEC3" box="[937,1036,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,357,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1390,357,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sanderia pampinosus, sp. nov. A, Holotype, exumbrellar view. B, Exumbrellar papillae, paratype Z 4748. C, Gastro-gonadal pouch, showing gastric filaments surrounded by ring of gonadal papillae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181988/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B), appearing to arise from transparent “holes” in translucent exumbrella. In some specimens, exumbrellar papillae concentrated in central half of bell, extending in rows onto lappets.
|
||
<typeStatus id="243130A6FF9F537D9C6F2783FD70FE33" box="[629,738,392,418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with ridge across exumbrellar diameter, cause or function unknown, possibly an artifact of preservation. Subumbrellar nematocyst warts lacking; subgenital ostium absent, instead, a large, closed depression containing the gastric filaments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF240BFBC7FD73" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Central stomach cavity in four interradial horseshoe-shaped pouches, with convex or straight distal margin, lacking indentation or heart-shape; with gastric cirri attached haphazardly to bag-like subumbrellar membrane, entirely internal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="63B19281FF9F537D9FAA245BFD80FDFB" box="[432,530,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1930,1954]" captionTargetBox="[196,1389,357,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[196,1390,357,1904]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sanderia pampinosus, sp. nov. A, Holotype, exumbrellar view. B, Exumbrellar papillae, paratype Z 4748. C, Gastro-gonadal pouch, showing gastric filaments surrounded by ring of gonadal papillae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/181988/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Peripheral stomach region divided into 32 unequal radiating pouches, the tentacular pouches being slightly broader proximally and distally than the rhopaliar pouches. Radial septa dividing peripheral stomach pouches nearly straight, with shallow “S”-curve in distal ¼, ending toward rhopalia; with jagged edges, especially distally; with proximal termini teardrop-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF24FBFE6CFCCB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Gonads 4, entirely within approximately 40 flattened, external, pendant papillae lining rim of each stomach pouch; gonadal papillae to about 13.5mm long, 2.5mm wide, covered in large, round, smooth nematocyst patches; mature by
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9F61254BFE54FCCB" box="[379,454,832,858]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
|
||
BD.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF2563FDAFFC43" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Lappets 32, square-shaped; each with two triangular, nippled extensions of corresponding gastric pouches. Rhopalia 16, 4 perradial, 4 interradial, and 8 adradial; open to subumbrellar side; with blind-ending, outward-pointing exumbrellar cone.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF25EBFF67FBDB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Tentacles 16, eradial, singly in alternation with rhopalia; flattened in the oral-aboral orientation; with nematocysts in scattered round patches, larger on abaxial side; longest measurable tentacle 60.82mm (preserved).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF2253FF62FB53" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Manubrium long, tubular, sparsely scattered with small nematocyst patches. Oral arms damaged in all specimens; from remnants: with sparsely scattered small, round nematocyst patches; length to about
|
||
<date id="8F34A8C4FF9F537D9B5C228BFAF1FB0B" box="[1350,1379,1152,1178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">1x</date>
|
||
BD, narrow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDF22DBFBC3FB7B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[197,1105,1232,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Colour in life unknown; preserved, translucent with pinkish gonadal papillae.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9F537D9EDC22FCFE0AFAAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDC22FCFE0AFAAB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9EDC22FCFEC1FA80" bold="true" box="[198,339,1271,1297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the Latin “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9C0422F3FD20FA83" box="[542,690,1272,1298]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">pampinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,” meaning “full of tendrils,” in reference to the numerous elongate gonadal papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9F537D9EDC234CFBB4F993" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDC234CFBB4F993" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9EDC234CFEF5FAF0" bold="true" box="[198,359,1351,1377]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9FEB2343FDC9FAF0" box="[497,603,1352,1377]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9FEB2343FDC9FAF0" box="[497,603,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has not previously been recorded in Australian waters, a fact that surprised
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9EF1237BFD84FA1B" author="Williamson" box="[235,534,1392,1418]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Williamson, J., Fenner, P., Burnett, J. & Rifkin, J. (1996) Venomous and Poisonous Marine Animals: A Medical and Biological Handbook. NSW University Press, Sydney, Australia, 504 pp." type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Williamson
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9F9A237BFE2BFA18" box="[384,441,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 231) in referring to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9D3E237BFC5BFA18" box="[804,969,1392,1417]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9D3E237BFC5BFA18" box="[804,969,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: “Curiously the species has not been reported in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9F3B2393FE04FA23" box="[289,406,1432,1458]" name="Indonesia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9FB92393FD18FA23" box="[419,650,1432,1458]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9CAE2393FCB4FA23" box="[692,806,1432,1458]" name="Australia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
”. Thus, the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9A7B2393FA9EFA20" box="[1121,1292,1432,1457]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9A7B2393FA9EFA20" box="[1121,1292,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends the range of the genus considerably east. Furthermore, a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9D8123CBFB97FA48" box="[923,1029,1472,1497]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9D8123CBFB97FA48" box="[923,1029,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
of uncertain identity has recently been found in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9F2523E3FE4EF993" box="[319,476,1512,1538]" name="New Zealand" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters (Gershwin & Gordon, unpublished notes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B390DD8FFF9F537B9EDC2004FC29FE5B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF9F537D9EDC2004FA0FF84C" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9EDC2004FEADF9B8" bold="true" box="[198,319,1551,1577]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The only other species currently assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9D49201BFC2FF9B8" box="[851,957,1552,1577]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9D49201BFC2FF9B8" box="[851,957,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9DFA201BFABFF9BB" authority="Goette (1886)" authorityName="Goette" authorityYear="1886" box="[992,1325,1552,1578]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9DFA201BFBEDF9B8" box="[992,1151,1552,1577]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9A9C201BFABFF9BB" author="Goette" box="[1158,1325,1552,1578]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Goette, A. (1886) Verzeichniss der medusen, welche von Dr. Sander Stabsarzt auf S. M. S. " Prinz Adalbert " gesammelt wurden. Sitzungsberichte Akademie Wissenschaft, Berlin, Jahrg. 1886, 831 - 837." type="journal article" year="1886">Goette (1886)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is clearly distinguishable from the present species in the location and number of genital papillae and in the shape of ring they form around the stomach cavity. In a mature
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF9F537D9D252054FC4DF9E9" box="[831,991,1631,1656]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF9F537D9D252054FC4DF9E9" box="[831,991,1631,1656]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ca.
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9A012054FBF8F9E8" box="[1051,1130,1631,1657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
|
||
), there are 14–30 papillae per gonadal ring (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9F70208DFD9DF931" author="Browne" box="[362,527,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Browne, E. T. (1926) Report on the medusae. Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 105 - 115." type="journal article" year="1926">Browne 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9C07208DFD3DF931" author="Mayer" box="[541,687,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World. Vol. 3, The scyphomedusae. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution." type="journal volume" year="1910">Mayer 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9CA6208DFD68F931" author="Mayer" box="[700,762,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1917) Report upon the scyphomedusae collected by the United States Bureau of Fisheries steamer " Albatross " in the Philippine Islands and Malay Archipelago. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, Bulletin 100, 1, 175 - 233." type="journal article" year="1917">1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9D12208DFC36F931" author="Stiasny" box="[776,932,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. Scientific Report of the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 1934, 4, 203 - 242, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9DAB208DFBE1F931" author="Vanhoffen" box="[945,1139,1670,1696]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1902) Die Acraspeden medusen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 3, 1 - 52, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Goette’s original specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9F3A20A5FE05F959" box="[288,407,1710,1736]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
were only
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9C0520A5FDF8F959" box="[543,618,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="15.0">15mm</quantity>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9CBC20A5FD63F959" box="[678,753,1710,1736]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="25.0">25mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter, and the number of gonadal papillae was not stated; similarly,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9F7920DEFD82F97E" author="Stiasny" box="[355,528,1749,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1935) Die Scyphomedusen der Snellius expedition. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam Afdeeling Natuurkunde (Tweede Sectie), Deel 34, Pt. 6, 1 - 44, 1 pl." type="journal article" year="1935">Stiasny (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had seven specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9D4720DEFC46F97E" box="[861,980,1749,1775]" name="Singapore" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9A9B20DEFB6AF97E" box="[1153,1272,1749,1775]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="21.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="12.0">12–30mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, but did not state the number of gonadal papillae. Mature specimens have been collected from other locations.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9E8D212FFEF4F8AF" author="Vanhoffen" box="[151,358,1828,1854]" pageId="3" pageNumber="52" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1902) Die Acraspeden medusen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 3, 1 - 52, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied material from the Gulf of Aden, reporting 24 gonadal papillae but not reporting the size of the specimens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9FBC2147FD16F8F7" author="Kishinouye" box="[422,644,1868,1894]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1910) Some medusae of Japanese waters. Journal of the College of Science Tokyo, 27, 1 - 35, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1910">Kishinouye (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found a single specimen of
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9DC22147FBB1F8F7" box="[984,1059,1868,1894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="90.0">90mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter off
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF9F537D9ADC2147FA9EF8F7" box="[1222,1292,1868,1894]" name="Japan" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but did not state the number of gonadal papillae.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF9F537D9C55217FFC93F81F" author="Browne" box="[591,769,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="51" refString="Browne, E. T. (1926) Report on the medusae. Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 105 - 115." type="journal article" year="1926">Browne (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
studied
|
||
<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF9F537D9D7F217FFB96F81F" box="[869,1028,1908,1934]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9A11217FFB10F81F" box="[1035,1154,1908,1934]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="23.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="12.0">12–35mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter from the Suez Canal region, and reported that they do not begin developing gonads until they reach at least
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9AC12190FAB7F824" box="[1243,1317,1947,1973]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="25.0">25mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter; in specimens
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF9F537D9F2621C8FE21F84C" box="[316,435,1987,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="32.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="30.0">30–35mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, 5–16 ridges are formed but not fully developed into finger-like papillae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9E8D2693FF4AFE0E" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9E8D2693FEABFF23" author="Mayer" box="[151,313,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World. Vol. 3, The scyphomedusae. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution." type="journal volume" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported on a perfect specimen from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF98537A9D3D2693FC3DFF23" box="[807,943,152,178]" name="Philippines" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
; at
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9DC32693FBB6FF23" box="[985,1060,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="75.0">75mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, it had 25–30 gonadal papillae. Thus, it would appear that the gonads form a small number of ridges at about
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9ABD26B4FB60FF48" box="[1191,1266,191,217]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="30.0">30mm</quantity>
|
||
bell diameter, subsequently elongating into finger-like papillae and growing in number to a mature stage at about
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9B4B26ECFA0EFE90" box="[1361,1436,231,257]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="75.0">75mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter with up to about 30 papillae. In contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9CFE2704FC1FFEB9" box="[740,909,271,296]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9CFE2704FC1FFEB9" box="[740,909,271,296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reaches a full complement of 36–44 gonadal papillae per ring before it reaches a mere
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9C60273DFD57FEC1" box="[634,709,310,336]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="50.0">50mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, and does not appear to add more with an increase in bell size up to
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9F592756FE00FEE6" box="[323,402,349,375]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="75.0">75mm</quantity>
|
||
. Thus, the numerical difference in gonad papillae number does not appear to be ontogenetic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9EDF27A7FE3CFC92" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The shape of the gonadal ring in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9C5727A6FD6AFE57" box="[589,760,429,454]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9C5727A6FD6AFE57" box="[589,760,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is horseshoe-shaped, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9A9827A6FAB1FE57" box="[1154,1315,429,454]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9A9827A6FAB1FE57" box="[1154,1315,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it forms a heart-shaped structure.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9FB127DFFDC5FE7F" author="Stiasny" box="[427,599,468,494]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. Scientific Report of the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 1934, 4, 203 - 242, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported that his five specimens from the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF98537A9AB027DFFB67FE7F" box="[1194,1269,468,494]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
, ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="3C7223E1FF98537A9E8D27F0FE9CFD84" box="[151,270,507,533]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="45.0" valueMax="55.0" valueMin="35.0">35–55mm</quantity>
|
||
diameter, had horseshoe-shaped rather than heart-shaped gonad rings. We are not clear at this time whether this suggests that the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF98537A9C7E2428FD3EFDAC" box="[612,684,547,573]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens might be related to, but not identical to, the true
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9B9C2428FE8BFDF5" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9B9C2428FE8BFDF5" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9F7E2440FD9FFDF5" box="[356,525,587,612]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9F7E2440FD9FFDF5" box="[356,525,587,612]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for that matter, or whether this suggests that there is variability in this character among species. Statistical shape analyses of a large number of specimens from different localities are needed to help answer this question. The two specimens figured by Stiasny have up to about 35 gonadal papillae, more like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9F2724CAFE74FD4B" box="[317,486,705,730]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9F2724CAFE74FD4B" box="[317,486,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9C3C24CAFD57FD4B" box="[550,709,705,730]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9C3C24CAFD57FD4B" box="[550,709,705,730]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at a similar size, leading us to question the specific identity of the Gulf of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF98537A9F0524E2FEF5FC92" box="[287,359,745,771]" name="Oman" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9EDF251BFA85FC61" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9EDF251BFEE0FCBB" author="Stiasny" box="[197,370,784,810]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. Scientific Report of the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 1934, 4, 203 - 242, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also noted that these specimens, like the Malayan specimens he studied from the Snellius expedition (1935), completely lacked pigment; in contrast, Vanhöffen’s (1902) specimens from the Gulf of Aden had yellow-brown streaks on the exumbrella, suggesting that they may have been a different species that were not recognized at the time as such. While we do not know the colour of the living Australian form, a recently identified
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9F6925A4FE4FFC59" box="[371,477,943,968]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9F6925A4FE4FFC59" box="[371,477,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="839DCE94FF98537A9C1B25A4FD0FFC58" box="[513,669,943,969]" name="New Zealand" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
waters is ghostly whitish with conspicuous reddish streak-shaped nematocyst clusters in the tentacular and rhopaliar radii (Gershwin & Gordon, unpublished notes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9EDF25F5FE10FB4C" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Furthermore, in the Japanese form, previously described as
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9DBE25F5FB17FB86" box="[932,1157,1022,1047]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Neopelagia eximia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9A8B25F5FAF4FB89" author="Kishinouye" box="[1169,1382,1022,1048]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1910) Some medusae of Japanese waters. Journal of the College of Science Tokyo, 27, 1 - 35, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1910">Kishinouye, 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and assigned to the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9FED222DFD0AFBAE" box="[503,664,1062,1087]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9FED222DFD0AFBAE" box="[503,664,1062,1087]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9CD2222EFCFDFBAE" author="Mayer" box="[712,879,1061,1087]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Mayer, A. G. (1910) Medusae of the World. Vol. 3, The scyphomedusae. Washington, D. C.: Carnegie Institution." type="journal volume" year="1910">Mayer (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the tentacles are at the perradii and interradii, flattened laterally, with nematocyst warts only on the abaxial side. Whether the same is true for the Malaysian form, we cannot presently determine. However, medusae with these characters differ considerably from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9B9C227EFEB1FB24" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9B9C227EFEB1FB24" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which the tentacles are all eradial, flattened in the oral-aboral direction, and bear nematocyst patches on all sides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9EDF22E0FC67F901" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Apparent confusion exists in the literature about the actual form of the gonads in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9A8522E0FA06FA95" box="[1183,1428,1259,1284]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="malayensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9A8522E0FA06FA95" box="[1183,1428,1259,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia malayensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9F212319FE63FABD" author="Browne" box="[315,497,1298,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Browne, E. T. (1926) Report on the medusae. Zoological results of the Cambridge Expedition to the Suez Canal, 1924. Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 22, 105 - 115." type="journal article" year="1926">Browne (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9FE42319FD5CFABD" author="Vanhoffen" box="[510,718,1298,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1902) Die Acraspeden medusen der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898 - 1899. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898 - 1899, 3, 1 - 52, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1902">Vanhöffen (1902)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described them as internal with external protective papillae;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9E8D2331FEE7FAC5" author="Kishinouye" box="[151,373,1338,1364]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Kishinouye, K. (1910) Some medusae of Japanese waters. Journal of the College of Science Tokyo, 27, 1 - 35, 5 pls." type="journal article" year="1910">Kishinouye (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described them from Japanese material as partly extending into the external ridges; and Browne himself, who studied
|
||
<specimenCount id="ED8C458DFF98537A9FEC2369FD06FAED" box="[502,660,1378,1404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Suez Canal, noted that the genital band may fold into the interior of the ridges, supporting Kishinouye’s findings.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9D362382FC48FA32" author="Stiasny" box="[812,986,1417,1443]" pageId="4" pageNumber="52" refString="Stiasny, G. (1937) Scyphomedusae. Scientific Report of the John Murray Expedition, 1933 - 1934, 4, 203 - 242, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1937">Stiasny (1937)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, described and figured specimens from the Arabian Sea in which the gonad is entirely contained within the papillae. Thus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9AE923BAFA0EFA5B" box="[1267,1436,1457,1482]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9AE923BAFA0EFA5B" box="[1267,1436,1457,1482]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be most closely allied to the Arabian Sea form, with gonads entirely in external papillae. Moreover, the shape of the gonadal ring is horseshoe-shaped rather than heart-shaped. However, there is still a large numerical difference in papillae number between the present specimens (ca. 40 per ring) and Stiasny’s material (ca. 22–36), and the radial septa are considerably more robust in the latter. We cannot determine at this time whether the Arabian Sea material is conspecific with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9D5F207CFC7CF901" box="[837,1006,1655,1680]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pampinosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9D5F207CFC7CF901" box="[837,1006,1655,1680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">S. pampinosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF98537A9EDF2095FA11F865" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2036]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
|
||
One might conceivably question the validity of adding another species to a genus defined by a duplication of rhopalia (i.e., 16 rhopalia instead of the typical eight of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9D7E20CDFC76F971" box="[868,996,1734,1760]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, although it is commonly cited, the duplication of rhopalia is not the only feature separating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9DB620E6FB84F897" box="[940,1046,1773,1798]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9DB620E6FB84F897" box="[940,1046,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from other genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9B0020E6FA0AF896" box="[1306,1432,1773,1799]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="family">Pelagiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; the finger-like gonads along the rim of the gastro-gonadal pouch are unlike those of any other. Thus, an ephyra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9EA22137FEA7F8C4" box="[184,309,1852,1877]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Chrysaora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9EA22137FEA7F8C4" box="[184,309,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Chrysaora</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9F452137FE28F8C4" box="[351,442,1852,1877]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Pelagia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9F452137FE28F8C4" box="[351,442,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Pelagia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, liberated with 16 rhopalia, would still not develop into a medusa corresponding to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9E8D216FFE93F8EC" box="[151,257,1892,1917]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9E8D216FFE93F8EC" box="[151,257,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an ephyra of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9FC5216FFDDBF8EC" box="[479,585,1892,1917]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9FC5216FFDDBF8EC" box="[479,585,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
liberated with eight rhopalia would nevertheless develop into a medusa identifiable as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF98537A9F592187FE3FF834" box="[323,429,1932,1957]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF98537A9F592187FE3FF834" box="[323,429,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Symmetry and meristic deviations, and their phylogenetic implications, were studied by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F1BF3F5FF98537A9EA121B8FE17F85C" author="Gershwin" box="[187,389,1971,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" refString="Gershwin, L. (1999) Clonal and population variation in jellyfish symmetry. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 79, 993 - 1000." type="journal article" year="1999">Gershwin (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who observed that these sorts of deviations occur about 2% of the time in any given population, and may play an important role in the ability of a lineage to withstand environmental perturbations.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB358E04FF99537B9EDF2693FC29FE5B" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
|
||
One might further question whether slight morphological differences such as gonadal papillae number, gastro-gonadal pouch shape, tentacular armature, and ontogenetic comparisons are sufficient grounds to propose a new species. We assert that it is equally possible that all forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C8AF587FF99537B9DE026E3FBF6FE90" box="[1018,1124,232,257]" class="Scyphozoa" family="Pelagiidae" genus="Sanderia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Semaeostomeae" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C9FE5216FF99537B9DE026E3FBF6FE90" box="[1018,1124,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Sanderia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be members of one highly variable species, or that morphologically diagnosable forms in different geographical regions represent further biological differences not previously appreciated; the answer to this question rests in further study based on large numbers of specimens subjected to statistical and molecular analyses. In the meantime, it seems clear to us that the Australian form bears numerous structural differences from the Malayan form, and we question the accuracy of some identifications from other regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |