185 lines
21 KiB
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185 lines
21 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.9711" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1aa52fbe-b41b-4006-b236-11f18ad338c6" ID-PMC="PMC4493341" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-509-1" ID-PubMed="26175601" ID-ZBK="A9EA00BBC5F44F2AAC585CF879793EA0" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-509-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 509" ModsDocTitle="Description of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description of the new species Maeotasetastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae)" checkinTime="1451244238245" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Garcilazo-Cruz, Uriel & Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando" docDate="2015" docId="615FDB991DFADB51E4CC4E42D90BC797" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 509: 1-12" docOrigin="ZooKeys 509" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.9711" docTitle="Maeota setastrobilaris Garcilazo-Cruz & Alvarez-Padilla, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2D91AD1F-47B1-438F-9E13-A12E621BAB93" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FFFFFF85FF9A1E42010F7B5DFFD22F49" masterDocTitle="Description of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description of the new species Maeotasetastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae)" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668160420340" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of a novel mating plug mechanism in spiders and the description of the new species Maeotasetastrobilaris (Araneae, Salticidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcilazo-Cruz, Uriel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Alvarez-Padilla, Fernando</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>509</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>12</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.9711</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.509.9711</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-509-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A9EA00BBC5F44F2AAC585CF879793EA0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A9EA00BBC5F44F2AAC585CF879793EA0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152060416" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2D91AD1F-47B1-438F-9E13-A12E621BAB93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/615FDB991DFADB51E4CC4E42D90BC797" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Salticidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2D91AD1F-47B1-438F-9E13-A12E621BAB93" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="3">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 1-7, 8-15, 16-23
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="type materials">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type materials.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Holotype: male from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Escultórico">Escultorico</normalizedToken>
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Edward James, Xilitla, San Luis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
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, Mexico 26-30 March 2012 (Alvarez-Padilla col.). Allotype: female with the same locality data and collected 10-15 June 2012 (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gonzáles-Contreras">Gonzales-Contreras</normalizedToken>
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col.). Both specimen deposited at MZC, Harvard University.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The species epithet is a noun in apposition referring to the anatomy of the cymbial strobilate seta used as a mating plug, which resembles a strobilar gymnosperm cone.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota simoni" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simoni">Maeota simoni</taxonomicName>
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by the embolus coiled less than two times. It differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota flava" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava">Maeota flava</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota dorsalis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dorsalis">Maeota dorsalis</taxonomicName>
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by larger proximal tegular lobe and the finger shaped RTA extended ventrally (Fig. 13, 19). This species differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota dichrura" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichrura">Maeota dichrura</taxonomicName>
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by the shorter PLS and the absence of a lateral abdominal patch of enlarged setae in males. Unique features of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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also include: epigynum copulatory duct openings covered by drop-shaped flaps (Fig. 23), embolus coiled 1.2 times and the cymbium dorso-basal edge with modified setae used as mating plugs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Male</pageBreakToken>
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total length 3.58 mm. Cephalothorax: length 1.83 mm, width 1.29 mm. Carapace dorsal surface dark-orange covered with scattered white scales and a glabrous longitudinal paler area posterior to the PLE. Carapace lateral surfaces and clypeus dark-orange with a reticulated pattern darker in color and concentrated towards the carapace edges (Fig. 18). Ocular anterior region: AME encircled with several scales, white at the center and orange at the sides. Ocular region 2/3 wider than long. PLE 0.5, PME 0.1 and ALE 0.5 times the diameter of AME. PME closer to PLE than ALE (Fig. 8). Chelicera paturon base dark-brown turning lighter distally, retromarginal tooth bifurcated. Endites pale-yellow distally, darker at their base and slightly longer than wide. Labium with same color pattern as the endites and triangular in shape. Sternum pale-yellow and longer than wide (Figs 11). Abdomen: surface background dark yellow covered with white or iridescent scales. Dorsal pattern with two brown longitudinal lines and a posterior broken pattern of dark chevrons (Fig. 8). Lateral surface almost covered by an additional dark reticulated thick line that extends towards the spinnerets. Ventral pattern with a dark gray rectangle that extends behind both sides of the epigastric furrow. Spinnerets gray and encircled with black pigmentation. PMS twice as thick as the PLS. PLS 2/3 longer than PMS with the distal segment darker in coloration and its ventral surface covered by thick black setae. Legs pale-yellow, I and II similar in size and smaller than III and IV. Leg IV the longest. Femora lighter than the other articles. Macroseta patterns based on voucher specimen JAM327. Femora with a 1-1-1 dorsal macroseta pattern. The distal spination has up to three subdorsal shorter macrosetae, two prolateral and one retrolateral. Patella with two subdorsal macrosetae, one on each side. Retrolateral tibia surfaces I to IV with six macrosetae distributed at 2-2-1-1 pattern. Tibia prolateral surfaces with the following macrosetae numbers and distributions: I, II 3-1-1-1; III-IV 3-2-1-1. Metatarsus prolateral surfaces: I 1-1-1-3; II 1-1-0-3; III-IV 2-0-0-3. Tarsi without macrosetae. Pedipalp: Tegulum with a proximal drop-shaped lobe and spermatic duct coils visible (Figs 14, 21). An additional sclerite present between the prolateral cymbial edge and the tegulum (Fig. 21 arrow). Embolus base circular, flat and attached to the embolus. Embolus heavily sclerotized, thick and coiling 1.2 times around embolus base edge (Fig. 21). Cymbium ventral surface notched distally near embolus, dorsal surface hirsute with four modified basal seta on the edge, the largest used as a mating plug (Fig. 19, stS). Female as in male except as noted. Total length 3.87 mm. Cephalotorax: length 1.62 mm, width 1.25 mm. Carapace lighter in coloration, reticular lateral pattern absent (Fig. 2). Abdomen: pattern as in male but lighter in coloration. Spinnerets: PLS 1.2 times longer than PMS. Legs: macroseta patterns based on voucher specimen JAM326. Retrolateral tibia surfaces: I-III 1-2-1-1; IV 2-1-1-1. Prolateral tibia surfaces: I, III-IV 1-2-1-1; II 1-1-1-1. Epigynum: with two comma-shaped, concentric cuticular flaps covering the genital opening entrance (Figs 6, 7, 20, 23). Spermathecae peanut-shaped with two lobes communicating by a thick channel, fertilization ducts tiny and located on the middle section of posterior lobes (Fig. 22).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Variation: Male size: total length 2.76-3.58 mm, carapace 1.29-1.61 mm. Females total length 2.75-4.29 mm, carapace 1.20-1.70 mm. Spermathecal lobes vary considerably in orientation and the length of the channel. Several specimens presented asymmetric spermathecae. Flaps covering the copulatory ducts also vary in shape and in orientation relative to the middle longitudinal axis of the genital plate (Fig. 20). Specimen coloration varies from pale-yellow to dark-brown (Figs 1-5, 8-11).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figures 1-7.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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female anatomy. 1 habitus live specimen 2 habitus of specimen in dorsal view 3 same lateral view 4 prosoma anterior view 5 habitus ventral view 6 epigynum ventral view 7 epigynum dorsal view (cleared). Scale bars 0.5 mm (2-5); 0.2 mm (6); and 0.1 mm (7).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figures 8-15.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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male anatomy. 8 habitus dorsal view 9 same lateral view 10 prosoma anterior view 11 habitus ventral view 12 pedipalp prolateral view 13 same retrolateral view 14 same ventral view 15 pedipalp expanded retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (8-11); 0.2 mm (12-15). (bH, dH), basal and distal hematodochae, the larger arrow points to the conductor-like structure.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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Figures 16-23.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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distribution map and illustrations. 16, Distribution map. 17, female prosoma lateral view. 18, male prosoma lateral view. 19, male pedipalp retrolateral view. 20, epigynum ventral view. 21, male pedipalp ventral view 22 cleared epigynum dorsal view. 23, same ventral view. Scale bars 1 mm (17, 18); 0.2 mm (19-21); 0.1 mm (22, 23). (ip), irregular cuticular pigmentation, (stS) strobilate seta, (RTA) retrolateral tibial apophysis, (E) embolus, (EF) epigynal flaps, (Cd, Fd) copulatory and fertilization ducts, (sSp) secondary spermathecae, (Sp) spermathecae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico from the Eastern Cordillera to the Southwestern States. (Fig. 16).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Records</pageBreakToken>
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: N = 139. Mexico: Campeche: Chicana ruins ca. 8 km W of Xpujil
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.533333">18°32'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-89.51667">89°31'W</geoCoordinate>
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270 m. Jul. 14, 1983, W. Maddison col., 1♀, MCZ. Chiapas; 76 km S on road from Palenque to Ocosingo
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.016666">17°01'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-92.03333">92°02'W</geoCoordinate>
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1377 m. Jul. 26-29, 1983, W. Maddison col., 1♀, 1♂, MCZ; Palenque ruins
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.483334">17°29'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-92.01667">92°01'W</geoCoordinate>
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118 m. Jun. 02-11, 1983, W. Maddison & R.S. Anderson col., 4♀, 3♂, MCZ (paratypes); Jul. 31, 1983, W. Maddison col., 2♀, MCZ. Nuevo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
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: 29 E Linares along highway km 60
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="24.133333">24°08'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-99.13333">99°08'W</geoCoordinate>
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197 m. Jun. 03-05, 1983, W. Maddison col., 1♂, MCZ. Oaxaca: 2 km S El Tule
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.033333">17°02'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-96.666664">96°40'W</geoCoordinate>
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1868 m. 1983, W. Maddison & R.S. Anderson col., 1♀, MCZ. Quintana Roo: 31 NE Felipe Carrillo Puerto on highway km 307
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.8">19°48'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-87.86667">87°52'W</geoCoordinate>
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13 m. Jul. 17, 1983, W. Maddison & R.S. Anderson col., 1♂, MCZ. San Luis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Potosí">Potosi</normalizedToken>
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: Xilitla, Cueva de Salitre
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="21.383333">21°23'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-98.98333">98°59'W</geoCoordinate>
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576 m. Jun. 13, 1983, W. Maddison col., 2♂, MCZ; Las Pozas (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="escultórico">escultorico</normalizedToken>
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de Edward James)
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="21.397472">21°23'50.9"N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-98.99394">98°59'38.2"W</geoCoordinate>
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626 m. Arachnology team col. Aug. 27-31, 2011, 13♀, 7♂; N. 14-18, 2011, 27♀, 11♂; Mar. 26-30, 2012, 25♀, 12♂; Jun. 10-15, 2012, 13♀, 12♂, Spider collection Arachnology Lab. Facultad de Ciencias. Supplementary images for paratypes deposited at CASC available at http://www.unamfcaracnolab.com with voucher and collection code numbers: N. 14-18, 2011, 1♀, JAM326 and CASENT 9051538; 1♂, JAM327 and CASENT 9051537. Additional specimens at CASC 1♀, 1♂, CASENT 9051536; 1♀, CASENT 9051539; 2♀, CASENT 9051540; 1♀, CASENT 9051541. Tabasco: 2.4 km. E Teapa, Grutas de Corona
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="17.55">17°33'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-92.933334">92°56'W</geoCoordinate>
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55 m. Jul. 7, 1983, W. Maddison col., 1♂, MCZ. Veracruz: Estacion
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Biología">Biologia</normalizedToken>
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Tropical Los Tuxtlas near La Palma N of Catemaco
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="18.6">18°36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-95.11667">95°07'W</geoCoordinate>
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366 m. 1983, W. Maddison & R.S. Anderson col., 1♀, MCZ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="behavioral notes">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Behavioral notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The dorsal base of cymbium presents a cluster of modified setae on its edge used during copulation as a mating plug. They are located over a pit between the membrane joining tibia-tarsus articles (Fig. 25: M). Inside the pit are three to four strobilate setae, the largest used as a mating plug while the others remain attached to the tibia-tarsus joint (Fig. 25). The largest of these strobilate setae is detached in several specimens and was found blocking the copulatory ducts entrance (Figs 24, 29: stS; 27, 28: CO). Evidence supporting the use of this strobilate seta as a mating plug lies in their rupture from a basal breakage disc (Fig. 28: BD) attached to weak setal basis (Figs 27, 30: B) and the texture that makes it difficult to mechanically extract the setae from the genital openings. The function of the smaller setae is unknown, but they could work either as pressure indicators controlling the detachment of the larger seta, or guiding it throughout the mating plug function. Total sample consisted of 127 specimens (Table 1) where 62% were females. Almost 50% of these females had the seta at least in one of their genital openings, while 60% of the males lost at least one seta from both pedipalps. Absence of both setae in males was higher than the presence of two setae in females with a ratio of 10:1. Accidental loss of setae from specimens after preservation is unlikely: exemplars collected 30 years ago that were examined in MCZ presented the structures in the same proportions as exemplars captured in 2011, suggesting that handling does not lead to accidental loss of these setae. The low proportion of females with both copulatory ducts plugged suggests a negative response to the insertion of a second seta.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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Figures 24-30.
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Maeota" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Maeota setastrobilaris" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setastrobilaris">Maeota setastrobilaris</taxonomicName>
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mating plug SEM images. 24 cymbium at retrolateral view showing the seta 25 same view without seta 26 epigynal genital openings plugged by seta 27 close up of mating plug 28 strobilate seta brakeage disk 29 strobilate setae attached to cymbial membrane 30 detached strobilate seta. Scale bars 10 microns in all Figures. (B) basis of seta, (BD) breakage disc, (M) thin cuticular layer between articles, (As) adjacent minor setae, (stS) Strobilar seta, (CO) copulatory opening.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |