431 lines
112 KiB
XML
431 lines
112 KiB
XML
<document id="9D23BEB9D9E00D9E2C3370D820286932" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.293989" ID-GBIF-Dataset="82a72e34-cce5-4cf1-a084-00d22b0ffa7b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="293989" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459843596599" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coppard, Simon E." docDate="2008" docId="191387FF7174FFCFD1E6FDB5FBE8F9B1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01760p023.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1760" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Metalia Gray 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="E52AFF877176FFCAD171FFF0FFD3FFA9" masterDocTitle="A comparative analysis of the spatangoid echinoid genera Brissopsis and Metalia: a new genus and species of spatangoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Brissop- sidae) from the Philippines and the reassignment of Brissopsis persica to Metalia" masterLastPageNumber="23" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698224533647" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7E8C9CA4B1B13FC1DBC7B80EFDF62B97">A comparative analysis of the spatangoid echinoid genera Brissopsis and Metalia: a new genus and species of spatangoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Brissop- sidae) from the Philippines and the reassignment of Brissopsis persica to Metalia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="04488F2B02BC6B5B2CEAE850E4037728">Coppard, Simon E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4505D73768DDCC0C6B597961BF376899">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E590CE2C304E535F19FFF98ED912735">
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<mods:date id="8BEB8BFB619601457F3E5FF3AC8D4BBD">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="75E2354760B10D2694D3121EFCF55E40">1760</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2979F51FACB60A72003CF49460C35313" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.293989</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="00922CA802ECF9EC9E58761917814CF0" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="191387FF7174FFCFD1E6FDB5FBE8F9B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6231750" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119361004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6231750" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:191387FF7174FFCFD1E6FDB5FBE8F9B1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/191387FF7174FFCFD1E6FDB5FBE8F9B1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1E6FDB5FA4FFD08" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1E6FDB5FE50FDF6" blockId="2.[151,387,581,607]" box="[151,387,581,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<heading id="CA4D81857174FFC8D1E6FDB5FE50FDF6" bold="true" box="[151,387,581,607]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D1E6FDB5FE50FDF6" ID-CoL="7PNXP" authority="Gray, 1855" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,387,581,607]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FDB5FE50FDF6" bold="true" box="[151,387,581,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FDB5FF20FDF6" bold="true" box="[151,243,581,607]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Metalia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D18AFDB5FE50FDF6" author="Gray" box="[251,387,581,607]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Gray, J. E. (1855) Catalogue of the recent Echinida, or sea eggs, in the collection of the British Museum. Pt 1. Echinida Irregularia. London, by order of the Trustees, 71 pp., 6 pls." type="book" year="1855">Gray, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1E6FD7AFA4FFD08" blockId="2.[151,1436,650,940]" box="[151,1436,650,673]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FD7AFAB2FD08" box="[151,1377,650,673]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Catalogue ot the recent Echinida, or sea eggs, in the collection ot the British Museum. Pt 1. Echinida Irregularia.</emphasis>
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Lon-
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1B6FD5AFD90FD68" box="[199,579,682,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
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<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B6FD5AFD90FD68" blockId="2.[151,1436,650,940]" box="[199,579,682,705]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">don, by order of the Trustees, p. 51.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1B7FD3AFD1BFC2D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B7FD3AFBE3FD4D" blockId="2.[151,1436,650,940]" box="[198,1072,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FD3AFEB5FD4D" bold="true" box="[198,358,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FD3AFE88FD4D" bold="true" box="[198,347,714,740]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7174FFC8D1B7FD3AFED3FD4D" box="[198,256,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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</emphasis>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D01CFD3AFCDDFD4D" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[365,782,714,740]" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D01CFD3AFD80FD4A" box="[365,595,714,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Spatangus sternalis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D32BFD3AFCDDFD4D" author="Lamarck" box="[602,782,714,740]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. (M. de) (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres, generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leurs distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation synonymique des principales especes qui s'y rapportent. 1 ere edition 3. Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B7FD02FD1BFC2D" blockId="2.[151,1436,650,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FD02FE4FFCA5" bold="true" box="[198,412,754,780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FD02FE41FCA5" bold="true" box="[198,402,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Assigned species</emphasis>
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||
:
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</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D0D6FD02FD59FCA5" author="Mortensen" box="[423,650,754,780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951 a) Mortensen, T. 1951. A Monograph of the Echinoidea. V. Spatangoida 2. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp., 64 pls." type="book" year="1951" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen (1951a)</bibRefCitation>
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lists seven Recent species (
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D291FD02FAD2FCA5" authority="Clark, 1917" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1917" box="[992,1281,754,780]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dicrana">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D291FD02FBB6FCA2" box="[992,1125,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. dicrana</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D501FD02FAD2FCA5" author="Clark" box="[1136,1281,754,780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Clark, H. L. (1917) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Echinoneidae, Nucleolitidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Calymnidae, Pourtalesiidae, Paleostomatidae, Aeropsidae, Palaeopneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, at Harvard College, Cambridge, 46 (2), 85 - 283, pls 144 - 161." type="journal article" year="1917">Clark, 1917</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D461FD02FEF6FC9D" authority="Clark, 1925" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1925" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latissma">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D461FD02FA4FFCA2" box="[1296,1436,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. latissma</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D1E6FCEAFEF6FC9D" author="Clark" box="[151,293,794,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea - Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). London, Trustees of the British Museum, 250 pp., 12 pls." type="book" year="1925">Clark, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D043FCEAFD9AFC9D" authority="Verrill, 1867" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1867" box="[306,585,794,820]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="nobilis">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D043FCEAFE7AFC9A" box="[306,425,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. nobilis</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D0C0FCEAFD9AFC9D" author="Verrill" box="[433,585,794,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Verrill, A. E. (1867) Notes on the Radiata in the museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1, 247 - 596." type="journal article" year="1867">Verrill, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D324FCEAFD3EFC9A" box="[597,749,794,819]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="robillardi">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D324FCEAFD3EFC9A" box="[597,749,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. robillardi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(de
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<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D253FCEAFC6AFC9D" author="Loriol" box="[802,953,794,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Loriol P. de (1876) Note sur quelques especes nouvelles appartenant a la classe des Echinodermes. Memoires de la Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve,. 24, 17 pp., 2 pls." type="book" year="1876">Loriol, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D2BFFCEAFAE1FC9D" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[974,1330,794,820]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="spatagus">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D2BFFCEAFB8DFC9A" box="[974,1118,794,819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. spatagus</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D51FFCEAFAFAFC9D" author="Linnaeus" box="[1134,1321,794,820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae. Edition 10. (Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata.) Holmiae, 824 pp." type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D44EFCEAFE4CFCF5" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" class="Echinoidea" family="Spatangidae" genus="Spatangus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sternalis">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D44EFCEAFF03FCF2" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. sternalis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D1AEFCB2FE45FCF5" author="Lamarck" box="[223,406,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Lamarck, J. B. P. A. (M. de) (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres, presentant les caracteres, generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leurs distribution, leurs classes, leurs familles, leurs genres et la citation synonymique des principales especes qui s'y rapportent. 1 ere edition 3. Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D0DBFCB2FD1AFCF5" authority="Bell, 1904" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1904" box="[426,713,834,860]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="townsendi">
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<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D0DBFCB2FD9BFCF2" box="[426,584,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">M. townsendi</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="F52B4B187174FFC8D33FFCB2FD1AFCF5" author="Bell" box="[590,713,834,860]" pageId="2" pageNumber="9" refString="Bell, F. J. (1904) Description of a new genus of Spatangoid. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (7) 13, 236 - 7." type="journal article" year="1904">Bell, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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) in this genus, and raises doubts as to whether any fossil form can without question be attributed to this genus.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1B7FC62FDA5FBB3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B7FC62FC8FFC05" blockId="2.[151,1436,650,940]" box="[198,860,914,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FC62FEB0FC05" bold="true" box="[198,355,914,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7FC62FE8AFC05" bold="true" box="[198,345,914,940]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Miocene of
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||
<collectingCountry id="E9AD76797174FFC8D086FC62FDEEFC05" box="[503,573,914,940]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Egypt</collectingCountry>
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to Recent, Indo-Pacific.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1E6FC0FFDA5FBB3" blockId="2.[151,1312,1023,1124]" box="[151,630,1023,1050]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FC0FFE57FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,388,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D1E6FC0FFEC3FBB0" box="[151,272,1023,1049]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FC0FFEC3FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,272,1023,1049]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brissalius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8FD57807174FFC8D066FC0FFE57FBB0" box="[279,388,1023,1049]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(gender: masculine)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1E6FBD2FE9FFBCD" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1E6FBD2FE9FFBCD" blockId="2.[151,1312,1023,1124]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FBD2FCA3FB95" bold="true" box="[151,880,1058,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FBD2FEFFFB95" bold="true" box="[151,300,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7174FFC8D1E6FBD2FF02FB95" box="[151,209,1058,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
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||
<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7174FFC8D04CFBD2FD5CFB95" box="[317,655,1058,1084]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissalius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="vannoordenburgi" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D04CFBD2FD5CFB95" bold="true" box="[317,655,1058,1084]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Brissalius vannoordenburgi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8FD57807174FFC8D3E7FBD2FCD6FB95" box="[662,773,1058,1084]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, sp. nov.
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
here designated (gender: masculine)
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7174FFC8D1E6FBBAFF33FBCD" box="[151,224,1098,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7174FFC8D19FFBBAFF2EFBCD" box="[238,253,1098,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7174FFC8D044FBBAFE94FBCD" box="[309,327,1098,1124]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="2" pageNumber="3">9</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1E6FB6AFF05F82D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1E6FB6AFF05F82D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1178,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1E6FB6AFEC3FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,272,1178,1204]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
: Test outline broadly-ovate with indented anterior lateral ambulacra and sunken anterior ambulacrum forming a shallow frontal notch. Broadest point, halfway along the anterior petals, vertex mid-way along the posterior petals. Apical system ethmolytic, central, with four gonopores. Petals small, compact, the anterior pair slowly flex outwards, the posterior pair confluent for two thirds of their length proximally, the last third flexing outwards, with only the six distal pore-pairs of the inner series developed. The plastron is amphisternous, the labrum having a narrow posterior prolongation reaching the end of the first adjoining ambulacral plate. Peripetalous, anal and subanal fascioles are well developed. The subanal fasciole is shieldshaped resulting in a single sanitary funnel. Clavulae of the peripetalous and subanal fascioles have a ‘crown’ distally. Lobed funnel building tube feet are present in the anterior ambulacrum within the peripetalous fasciole and also within the subanal fasciole. Penicillate tube feet present only around the peristome. Plastron primary spines distinctly spatulate with sloping collars. Primary spines slender, curved, and ridged, widening and flattening dorso-ventrally distally. Miliary spines on both the oral and aboral surface only slightly curved, while those inside the peripetalous fasciole have a relatively broad shaft and a globular head with serrated ridges. Typical spatangoid rostrate, ophicephalous and triphyllous pedicellariae are present. Fanged openbladed globiferous pedicellariae occur in large numbers on the posterior of the oral ambulacra, fanged fistulate globiferous pedicellariae present in large numbers around the peristome with simple fistulate (with a round foramen and an arc of small teeth) occuring in small numbers on the oral ambulacra. Narrow-valved and spatulate tridentate pedicellariae present on the oral surface with a terminal-toothed form present adapically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627174FFC8D1B7F862FC49F87D" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B7F862FC4FF805" blockId="2.[151,1437,1178,2004]" box="[198,924,1938,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7F862FEEEF805" bold="true" box="[198,317,1938,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7174FFC8D1B7F862FEE0F805" box="[198,307,1938,1964]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7F862FEE0F805" bold="true" box="[198,307,1938,1964]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NHM 2008.618 Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97174FFC8D1B7F84AFC49F87D" blockId="2.[151,1437,1178,2004]" box="[198,922,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7F84AFEEFF87D" bold="true" box="[198,316,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7174FFC8D1B7F84AFEE2F87D" bold="true" box="[198,305,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7174FFC8D1B7F84AFEE2F87D" box="[198,305,1978,2004]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
NHM 2008.619 Natural History Museum, London.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627175FFC9D1B7FF67FADFFEAB" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7FF67FADFFEAB" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FF67FE82FF18" bold="true" box="[198,337,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FF67FE94FF18" bold="true" box="[198,327,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This new genus has characters of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7175FFC9D252FF68FC48FF18" box="[803,923,152,177]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D252FF68FC48FF18" box="[803,923,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Brissopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7175FFC9D2A7FF68FBE2FF18" box="[982,1073,152,177]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Metalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D2A7FF68FBE2FF18" box="[982,1073,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Metalia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is reflected in the name by combining
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D031FF30FE43FF70" box="[320,400,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">‘Briss’</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D0B8FF30FDC6FF70" box="[457,533,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">‘alius’</emphasis>
|
||
(masculine of the nominative ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D2F5FF30FC62FF70" box="[900,945,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">alia</emphasis>
|
||
’, with ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D57EFF30FB9BFF70" box="[1039,1096,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">alius</emphasis>
|
||
’ meaning other or changed). The species is named after Henk van Noordenburg who brought this new species to my attention.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627175FFC9D1B7FEFFFC05FE83" box="[198,982,271,298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7FEFFFC05FE83" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" box="[198,982,271,298]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FEFFFEBAFE80" bold="true" box="[198,361,271,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FEFFFE8CFE80" bold="true" box="[198,351,271,297]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7175FFC9D1B7FEFFFED3FE80" box="[198,256,271,297]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Off Siquijor Island in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9AD76797175FFC9D3ECFEE0FCF2FE83" box="[669,801,272,298]" name="Philippines" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
(depth
|
||
<quantity id="56429B0C7175FFC9D20AFEE0FC1AFE83" box="[891,969,272,298]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D9A065627175FFCFD1B7FEC7FBE8F9B1" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7FEC7FC8FFD13" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FEC7FE8FFEF8" bold="true" box="[198,348,311,337]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7175FFC9D1B7FEC7FE81FEF8" bold="true" box="[198,338,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Description</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The test is of medium size (at the widest points the
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7175FFC9D2CAFEC8FBF2FEFB" box="[955,1057,312,338]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measures
|
||
<quantity id="56429B0C7175FFC9D5ECFEC8FB3CFEFB" box="[1181,1263,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="38.0">38 mm</quantity>
|
||
(length) by
|
||
<quantity id="56429B0C7175FFC9D40FFEC8FF16FED3" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
(width) by
|
||
<quantity id="56429B0C7175FFC9D03FFE90FE72FED3" box="[334,417,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
|
||
(height at vertex), the plating thin and delicate. The outline is broadly-ovate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D441FE90FAA1FED3" box="[1328,1394,352,378]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), with slightly indented anterior lateral ambulacra and sunken anterior ambulacrum forming a shallow frontal notch (anterior sulcus). The broadest point of the test is halfway along the anterior petals (20 % of the way along the length of the test) with the greatest height (vertex) halfway along the posterior petals. The posterior is truncated with an almost oblique vertical face, rounding adorally, protruding at the midpoint of the subanal fasciole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D073FDD8FE97FDEB" box="[258,324,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C & D). The periproct is small and ellipitical (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D216FDD8FC7AFDEB" box="[871,937,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F) being partially visible from above (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D41DFDD8FF71FDC3" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), but not from below (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D0B7FDA0FDD9FDC3" box="[454,522,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The anterior of the test rounds to a short, slightly blunt face. The oral surface is convex and steeply angled forming a distinct keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D224FD88FC4AFD3B" box="[853,921,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F); while the sides of the test are regularly arched aborally towards the sunken petal area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D3CFFD50FCD3FD13" box="[702,768,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E & F).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7FD38FB04FB6B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The anterior ambulacrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D372FD38FD96FD4B" box="[515,581,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) is narrow, non-petaloid and sunken. The pore-pairs are differentiated with lobed tube feet present aborally. Adapically the pore-pairs are uniserial with a perradial granular zone. The anterior and posterior paired ambulacra are petaloid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D247FCE8FCABFC9B" box="[822,888,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), narrow, of equal length and closed distally. The anterior pair slowly flex outwards for two-thirds of their length distally, the outer series at an angle of 25 degrees, increasing to 60 degrees for the last third of their length. The inner series are more greatly curved with only eight pore-pairs developed distally. The posterior pair being confluent for two thirds of their length proximally, the last third flexing outwards, with only the six distal pore-pairs of the inner series developed. The pores are elongated and non-conjugate, reducing in size towards the apical system. The outer pores in the inner series of the anterior petals are larger than inner pores, being almost equal in the outer series. The pores in both series of the posterior petals are approximately equal in size. A few irregular miliary tubercles are present along the proximal edge of the distal ambulacral plates of the posterior petals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D5C6FBA8FB2FFBDB" box="[1207,1276,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). All other ambulacral plates within the pore-zones are smooth. Outside the pore-zones the anterior ambulacral plates have miliary tubercles within the plates and the occasional small primary tubercle adradially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7FB20FF23F95B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The aboral plates of interambulacra 1–4 are each raised centrally, forming a faint keel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D5B0FB20FAD0FB43" box="[1217,1283,1232,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The posterior interambulacrum 5 is slightly concave sloping gently towards the posterior edge. Tuberculation on interambulacra 1–4 is predominantly uniform aborally with all tubercles perforate and weakly crenulate and set in horizontal series. In interambulacrum 5 a naked zone is present down the midline to the periproct with only miliary tubercles present. Larger primary tubercles are present within the peripetalous fasciole, particularly on the third and fourth plates of the posterior interambulacrum and around the surrounding plates of the front edge of the anterior petals. On the oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D3B2FA30FCD7FA73" box="[707,772,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and around the periproct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D52BFA30FB48FA73" box="[1114,1179,1472,1498]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F), the primary tubercles are enlarged but less abundant. The sternum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D393FA18FCF7F9AB" box="[738,804,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F & G) is densely tuberculated in radiating series, the tubercles decreasing in size towards a central ridge which terminates in a posterior protrusion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D584F9E0FAEBF983" box="[1269,1336,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
C & D). The edges of the sternal system, the ambulacra and the area around the peristome are broadly naked (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D443F9C8FAAAF9FB" box="[1330,1401,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The plastron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D04CF990FE56F9D3" box="[317,389,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B & 2B) is amphisternous, the labrum having a narrow posterior prolongation reaching the end of the first adjoining ambulacral plate. The anterior edge is smooth forming a very slightly protruding lip. The peristome is situated anteriorly, has moderately developed surrounding phyllodes and is crescentshaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFC9D1B7F8F0FD77F83B" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The apical system is situated centrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7175FFC9D3D9F8F0FD3EF8B3" box="[680,749,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A), has four genital pores and is ethmolytic with genital plate 2 elongate separating both the posterior genital plates (G4 & G1) and posterior ocular plates (OcV & OcI). The anterior genital pores are smaller and closer together than the proximal pores, which are situated on a ridge that connects interambulacra 1 and 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97175FFCED1B7F850FAEBFE83" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2018]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The peripetalous fasciole crosses distally the non-petaloid ambulacrum but stays close to the petals on the other ambulacra. On the interambulacra the peripetalous fasciole curves only gently inwards, not following the direct line of the petals. The subanal fasciole is shield-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED2DCFF68FC27FF1B" box="[941,1012,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
F & G, 2F & G) with typically four pore-pairs in each side but no distinct radiating furrows. The band of clavulae is thinnest at the lower part, becoming broader towards the periproct. A relatively broad (compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56BA4D6A7172FFCED53DFF18FB17FEA8" box="[1100,1220,232,257]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3CEEAFB7172FFCED53DFF18FB17FEA8" box="[1100,1220,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brissopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) band of clavulae forms an anal fasciole (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED0D9FEE0FE3EFE83" box="[424,493,272,298]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1951,1975]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,151,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[250,1348,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 1. NHM 2008.619, paratype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293990/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A & 2A) connecting the subanal fasciole with the peripetalous fasciole.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FEC8FA80FED3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The denuded test and spines are cream/white, while in life the dermis is typically beige/light-brown. Many of the specialised tube feet and pedicellariae have a black skin, visible as black flecks on the test.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FE78FE98FDC3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Primary spines on the aboral surface are slender, curved (both laterally and dorso-ventrally), widening and flattening slightly dorso-ventrally distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED3FDFE40FD02FE63" box="[652,721,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Ki & Kii). The spines have smooth longitudinal ridges which increase in width distally, terminating in slightly rounded tips. The neck of the spine is straight (not pinched) while the collar is prominent, sloping slightly upwards towards the dorsal surface of the spine. Primary spines within the peripetalous fasciole are shorter, with less curved shafts and broader, more flattened distal regions (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED1EEFDA0FF37FDC3" box="[159,228,592,618]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Ji & Jii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FD88FDF4FCA3" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Primary spines on the oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED31BFD88FD7CFD3B" box="[618,687,632,658]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Ni & Nii) are similar to those aborally, but some have recurved shafts (curving in different directions proximally and distally) with more flattened and angular distal regions. Primary spines on the plastron (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED348FD38FDACFD4B" box="[569,639,712,738]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D & F) are distinctly spatulate (spoon-shaped), with very sloping collars towards the dorsal surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FCE8FCDEFC03" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Miliary spines on both the oral and aboral surface are only slightly curved dorso-ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED468FCE8FAB2FC9B" box="[1305,1377,792,818]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Li & Lii), the tips only very slightly widened and flattened. Those within the peripetalous fasciole have a relatively broad shaft that increases in width distally forming a globular head (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED2BCFC98FBC5FC2B" box="[973,1046,872,898]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="E50410297172FFCED577FC98FBC5FC2B" box="[1030,1046,872,898]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
Ii). The shaft typically has six to eight serrated ridges which increase in height distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FC48FD78FB8B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Clavula structure is similar in the peripetalous and subanal fascioles with a long narrow shaft and a distinct ‘crown’ distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED0D0FC10FE39FC53" box="[417,490,992,1018]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
O). The degree of development of the crown varies slightly with some clavulae having a more simplified structure (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED34BFBF8FD53FB8B" box="[570,640,1032,1058]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<date id="E50410297172FFCED300FBF8FD53FB8B" box="[625,640,1032,1058]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9</date>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
Iii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FBC0FF0FFB6B" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Penicillate tube feet are present around the peristome (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED2FDFBC0FC00FBE3" box="[908,979,1072,1098]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B & G where they are visible as dark patches around the mouth). The suction discs of the anterior ambulacral aboral tube feet are formed of four to six lobes, while within the peripetalous and subanal fascioles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED2F7FB70FC1EFB33" box="[902,973,1152,1178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Pi & Pii) they are formed of six to ten lobes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FB20FCF2FABB" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">The sphaeridia are slightly elongate-round, occurring adorally not in grooves or pits. These have no ornamentation and thus offer no species-specific characters.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCED1B7FAD0FD60F963" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
This species has a particularly diverse array of highly localised pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED504FAD0FB6EFA93" box="[1141,1213,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
A–H) all of which have three valves. Three distinct forms of globiferous pedicellaria are present. These can be grouped into two
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7172FFCED1E6FA80FF0BFA23" box="[151,216,1392,1418]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, fistulate (tubular) and open-bladed, which only occur on the oral surface. Fanged open-bladed globiferous pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED01DFA68FE63FA1B" box="[364,432,1432,1458]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Di–Diii) are forceps-like having straight, narrow, predominantly open valves (neck of blade is closed, gradually opening distally), with each valve terminating in two long, inward-facing fangs. The valves only meet where the fangs interlock, with one valve typically being shorter than the other two. The proximal region is small compared to the length of the valve; while the neck is short and attached to a very short simple, unornamented, stalk (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED342F9C8FDA4F9FB" box="[563,631,1592,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Diii). The valves are covered in a black skin which is thick and glandular in appearance around the fangs. This is the likely source of venom as there are no internal glands or stalk glands present. This form occurs in large numbers on the posterior of the oral ambulacra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED5B0F978FADAF90B" box="[1217,1289,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
G; visible as dark ‘dots’ on the posterior of the ambulacra).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97172FFCFD1B7F928FDA9FF73" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,2018]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fanged fistulate globiferous pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED3BDF928FCC6F95B" box="[716,789,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="87BCFD607172FFCED276F928FCC6F95B" box="[775,789,1752,1778]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="egg">9</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
Ei–Eiv) have large curved valves that are closed and tubular with each valve having an inverted triangular opening distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED28CF8F0FB94F8B3" box="[1021,1095,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<specimenCount id="87BCFD607172FFCED549F8F0FB94F8B3" box="[1080,1095,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="egg">9</specimenCount>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
Ei), terminating in two long inward-facing fangs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED0E0F8D8FE04F8EB" box="[401,471,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Eii). The proximal regions of the valves are proportionally large, with large adductor muscle insertion points. The neck of the valve is muscular, with muscle strands entering through the outside of the proximal region through transverse slits into the adductor muscle insertion points. The stalk is very short with vertical projecting rods around its base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED389F850FCECF813" box="[760,831,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Eiv). A large glandular mound occurs on the distal region of each valve (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7172FFCED0E6F838FE0FF84B" box="[407,476,1992,2018]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Eiv), encasing all but the tips of the fangs and is the likely source of venom. This makes them easily visible on the test, where they occur in large numbers around the anterior of the oral ambulacra and around the peristome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD361FF30FD8BFF73" box="[528,600,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1953,1977]" captionTargetBox="[249,1346,151,1945]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[249,1347,141,1970]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 2. NHM 2008.618, holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, aboral view; B, oral view; C (left side) & D (right side), lateral views; E, anterior; F, posterior; G, sternal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/293991/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FF18FAADFE36" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Simple fistulate pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD35FFF18FDA0FEAB" box="[558,627,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Ci–Civ) occur in very small numbers on the anterior oral ambulacra. This form has highly curved tubular valves that terminate in a circular foramen with an arc (no tooth on the apex of the lower lip) of eight to ten small teeth. The proximal region of each valve is proportionally large, with large adductor muscle insertion points. The stalk is simple and very short, and is attached to the valves by a short muscular neck. The valves are covered in a thick black skin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD2C9FE75FC2EFE36" box="[952,1021,389,415]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Cii), which is evenly distributed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FE5DFC48FC83" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Tridentate pedicellariae with straight valves occur as three forms: narrow-valved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD5F7FE5DFB19FE6E" box="[1158,1226,429,455]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Giii & Giv), spatulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD191FE24FEF5FE47" box="[224,294,468,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Gi & Gii) and terminal-toothed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD3D9FE24FD3EFE47" box="[680,749,468,494]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Fi–Fiii). The narrow-valved form occurs only on the anterior of the oral ambulacra. This form has narrow open blades that taper distally, with small peripheral teeth along the edges of the blades, which interlock along their entire length. The ossicles of the blades consist of an open lattice distally, becoming tighter proximally with a Y-shaped apophysis at the neck of the blade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD41CFDBBFF75FD25" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Giii). The proximal region is proportionally small, with small adductor muscle insertion points. The neck of the pedicellaria is short and muscular, attached to a short stalk (less than the length of the valves). The spatulate form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD061FD31FE87FD72" box="[272,340,705,731]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Gi) is similar to the narrow-valved form but with an expanded blade distally and is found posterior of the peristome on the oral ambulacra. This form typically has larger proximal regions than the narrowvalved form; however, intermediates between the two are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FCC8FC1FFC46" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
The third tridentate form has narrow valves with each valve terminating in a proportionally large distal tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD196FCAFFEE3FCD0" box="[231,304,863,889]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Fi–Fiii). This form only occurs on the aboral surface within the peripetalous fasciole. Small peripheral teeth are present down half to three quarters of the length of the edges of the blades, which interlock distally. The proximal regions are proportionally large and triangular. The neck is thin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD59FFC5EFAE6FC61" box="[1262,1333,942,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Fiii) and attached to a narrow short stalk (shorter than the length of the valves).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FC0DFE44FB75" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
A single form of rostrate pedicellaria is present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD274FC0DFC98FBBE" box="[773,843,1021,1047]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Hi–Hiii), typical of the spatangoid
|
||
<typeStatus id="4E01884B7173FFCFD598FC0DFACCFBBE" box="[1257,1311,1021,1047]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
. This only occurs in very small numbers on the oral ambulacra. The valves are highly curved and narrow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD585FBD4FAEAFB97" box="[1268,1337,1060,1086]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Hii), the sides of the valves being non-denticulate with overturned lips giving a partially enclosed appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD41CFBBCFF75FB24" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Hi). The distal region of the blade has a slightly overturned fan of small teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD546FB83FBAFFB24" box="[1079,1148,1139,1165]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Hi). These overlap when the three valves are together, being the only point of contact for the blades. The neck is short and narrow, connected to a long stalk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FB1AFB23FAFA" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Triphyllous pedicellariae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD08AFB1AFD93FAAD" box="[507,576,1258,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Ai & Aii) occur orally and aborally with a short muscular neck on a midlength stalk (twice the length of the valves). The blades are rounded, tapering distally. Teeth are present along the edges of the valves, which interlock with those of the other blades along their entire length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="910536E97173FFCFD1B7FA90FBE8F9B1" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,1560]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Ophicephalous pedicellariae with large proximal handles occur as a single form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD506FA90FB6FFAD3" box="[1143,1212,1376,1402]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Bi–Biv), present in large numbers on the oral ambulacra and in the subanal fasciole. The blades are highly constricted (
|
||
<figureCitation id="09812A6C7173FFCFD443FA78FAAAFA0B" box="[1330,1401,1416,1442]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,255,151,175]" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pedicellariae (A – H), spines (I – O) and lobed anterior aboral tube feet used for funnel building (P) from NHM 2008.618, the holotype of Brissalius vannoordenburgi gen. nov., sp. nov.: A, triphyllous (i individual valve, ii jawset); B, ophicephalous (i, ii & iv individual valves, iii jaw-set); C, simple fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii external view of valve, iii jaw-set; iv side view of valve); D, fanged open-bladed globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); E, fanged fistulate globiferous (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set (external tissue dissolved), iv jaw-set (in life )); F, terminal toothed tridentate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); G, tridentate (i individual valve with spatulate distal region, ii jaw-set, iii inside of individual valve (narrow-valved), iv side view of valve); H, rostrate (i internal view of valve, ii side view of valve, iii jaw-set); Ii, miliary spine (from within the peripetalous fasciole), Iii, clavula (from the peripetalous fasciole); J, aboral primary spines from within the peripetalous fasciole (i front view, ii side view); K, aboral primary spines (i front view, ii side view); L, oral miliary spines (i front view, ii side view); M, oral primary spines from plastron (i front view, ii side view); N, oral primary spines (i front view, ii side view), O, clavula from subanal fasciole; P, anterior aboral tube feet (i side view, ii view from above)." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
Bi, Bii & Biv) resulting in an inverted triangular blade. The edges of the blades are denticulate with an overhanging lip distally. The teeth of the blades interlock both laterally and distally forming the jaw-set. This sits directly on the stalk, which measures four to five times the length of the valves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |