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<document id="110C391E02B7D894C15D14CAB8C43DAB" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3734.5.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="416e5501-5064-4dd5-8c6a-ca7117a1072a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="219481" ID-ZooBank="D97D9F25-F546-4AC1-92D1-A02DF47FD33C" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460697069998" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gilarte, Patricia, Carreira, José Antonio &amp; Peña-Santiago, Reyes" docDate="2013" docId="190C87AD1548FFB5FF1CF8DB110AC27A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03734p558.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3734 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Paravulvus Heyns 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="552" masterDocId="E535FFD5154DFFB2FF8BFF851259C047" masterDocTitle="Description of Paravulvus moroccanus sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nygolaimidae) from the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="558" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="550" updateTime="1698353910632" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4001864A9D3D6046EF343D6306480ED6">Description of Paravulvus moroccanus sp. n. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Nygolaimidae) from the High Atlas Mountains, Morocco, with notes on the taxonomy of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9BBEDFD665EBF6F431818C15EDBC8A5F">Gilarte, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E0998DB6E2D3A2670037383819DBC69">Carreira, José Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1423BC9E73A6CD781B765F6DE993242">Peña-Santiago, Reyes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="767C4AD1B917875ACE0210DB01A9938A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4FE924CAB50B9AF790E37591E9176AD1">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3271425AF925AC1C4F4FD453DD396112">3734</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9511829558DD52ECA10BAF582092E760">5</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="234F0B1EC808525CCD4D415982207585" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3734.5.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="190C87AD1548FFB5FF1CF8DB110AC27A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5674648" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119582189" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5674648" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:190C87AD1548FFB5FF1CF8DB110AC27A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/190C87AD1548FFB5FF1CF8DB110AC27A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<subSubSection id="D9BF65301548FFB4FF1CF8DB1326C3AB" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="911A36BB1548FFB7FF1CF8DB103EC73F" blockId="5.[151,800,1885,1945]" box="[151,615,1885,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
<heading id="CA5281D71548FFB7FF1CF8DB103EC73F" bold="true" box="[151,615,1885,1912]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA91548FFB7FF1CF8DB103EC73F" bold="true" box="[151,615,1885,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
Taxonomy of
<taxonomicName id="56A54D381548FFB7FECAF8D8103EC73F" authority="Heyns, 1968" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[321,615,1885,1912]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA91548FFB7FECAF8D81393C730" bold="true" box="[321,458,1885,1911]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Paravulvus</emphasis>
Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB1548FFB7FF1CF8041179C7DE" blockId="5.[151,800,1885,1945]" box="[151,800,1920,1945]" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
Syn.
<taxonomicName id="56A54D381548FFB7FF5BF8041179C7DE" authority="Cobb, 1913 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Cobb, 1913 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[208,800,1920,1945]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA91548FFB7FF5BF80413B6C7DE" box="[208,495,1921,1945]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus)</emphasis>
Cobb, 1913 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB1548FFB4FF1CF84D1666C1EA" blockId="5.[151,1436,1992,2017]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="551" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">
The genus
<taxonomicName id="56A54D381548FFB7FE9EF84C13CDC7A6" box="[277,404,1993,2017]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="5" pageNumber="550" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA91548FFB7FE9EF84C13CDC7A6" box="[277,404,1993,2017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="550">Paravulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a well-characterized dorylaimid taxon, easily distinguishable from other representatives of the family
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FECBFF1210D2C0F7" authority="Thorne, 1935" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1935" box="[320,651,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Nygolaimidae Thorne, 1935</taxonomicName>
. Its morphological pattern is defined by a unique combination of features: unusual arrangement of pharyngeal gland nuclei and their outlets (
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FC77FF391640C093" box="[1020,1049,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">cf.</emphasis>
Loof &amp; Coomans, 1970), cardiac glands longitudinal (
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FE0BFF6513F3C0BF" box="[384,426,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">i. e.</emphasis>
longer than wide and with the long axis parallel to body length), presence of large dorsal cell mass(es) at level of pharyngo-intestinal junction or anterior end of intestine,
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FBBFFE80171AC15B" box="[1076,1347,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">pars refringens vaginae</emphasis>
present (although often weakly developed) and longitudinal vulva. Its original concept (Heyns, 1968) has not been significantly modified in later contributions (Loof &amp; Coomans, 1970; Thorne, 1974; Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1982; Jairajpuri &amp; Ahmad, 1992; Lazarova
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FDC4FEF410D5C1CF" box="[591,652,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
, 2002) with the exception of the study of pharyngeal gland nuclei arrangement. Thus, the emended diagnosis by Lazarova
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FC84FE10111EC1EB" box="[783,839,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
(2002) remains valid.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF4CFE321713C28B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982), certainly being aware of the peculiar pattern of
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FB0EFE3D175CC197" box="[1157,1285,440,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FB0EFE3D175CC197" box="[1157,1285,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Paravulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, erected the subfamily Paravulvinae to separate this genus from the remaining members of the family
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FB23FE591710C1B2" box="[1192,1353,476,501]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Nygolaimidae</taxonomicName>
, which were maintained under the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FDEEFE7A115EC25F" box="[613,775,511,536]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nygolaiminae">Nygolaiminae</taxonomicName>
. Ahmad and Jairajpuri’s opinion was not followed by Jairajpuri and Ahmad (1992), who regarded Paravulvinae as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FC7AFDA116CAC27A" box="[1009,1171,548,573]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Nygolaiminae">Nygolaiminae</taxonomicName>
. Lazarova
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FA84FDA01710C27B" box="[1295,1353,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
(2002) did not refer this matter. Andrássy (2009) agreed with Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982). The combination of features that comprise the
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FEEAFDE913B9C2C3" box="[353,480,620,644]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FEEAFDE913B9C2C3" box="[353,480,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Paravulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pattern, including several tentative apomorphic conditions (posterior location of DO and DN, longitudinal cardiac glands, dorsal cell mass at pharyngo-intestinal junction and longitudinal vulva) supports its separation from other
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FD9DFD3110ECC28A" box="[534,693,692,717]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="family">Nygolaimidae</taxonomicName>
and justifies the proposal by Ahmad and Jairajpuri (1982).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF4CFD521136C31A" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
Leaving aside morphometric differences among species, intrageneric variability in
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FB0DFD5D175CC2B7" box="[1158,1285,728,752]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FB0DFD5D175CC2B7" box="[1158,1285,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Paravulvus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is limited to three morphological features: the nature of mural tooth (often deltoid, occasionally solididentoid), the presence/ absence of paravulvae, and tail shape (either conical or conoid with broadly rounded terminus). It is not possible, however, to identify recognizable (sub)patterns within the genus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF4CFCED1326C3AB" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Because several new species have been described and/or new records of species have been reported during the last decade, an updated list of species and a key to their identification are provided below. In addition, the identity of several species or populations is discussed, and a compendium of the main morphometrics of all valid species is presented in Table 2.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9BF6530154BFFB4FF1CFBC510C0C4E7" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFBC5136DC41F" blockId="6.[151,308,1087,1112]" box="[151,308,1087,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFBC5136DC41F" bold="true" box="[151,308,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<typeStatus id="4E1E8819154BFFB4FF1CFBC5128BC410" box="[151,210,1088,1111]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFB0D10C0C4E7" blockId="6.[151,955,1159,1256]" box="[151,665,1159,1184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CFB0D10C0C4E7" authority="(Thorne, 1930) Heyns, 1968" authorityName="(Thorne, 1930) Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,665,1159,1184]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acuticaudatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFB0D130DC4E7" bold="true" box="[151,340,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. acuticaudatus</emphasis>
(Thorne, 1930) Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D9BF6530154BFFB5FF1CFB28110AC27A" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="552" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" type="description">
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFB281026C483" blockId="6.[151,955,1159,1256]" box="[151,639,1196,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFB2812F3C483" box="[151,170,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF3AFB291026C483" authority="Thorne, 1930" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1930" box="[177,639,1196,1221]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acuticaudatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF3AFB2913BBC483" box="[177,482,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus acuticaudatus</emphasis>
Thorne, 1930
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF38FB5511E2C4AF" blockId="6.[151,955,1159,1256]" box="[179,955,1231,1256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38FB5511E2C4AF" authority="Thorne, 1930 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Thorne, 1930 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,955,1231,1256]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="acuticaudatus" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38FB55102FC4AF" box="[179,630,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) acuticaudatus</emphasis>
Thorne, 1930 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFA9213DAC577" blockId="6.[151,387,1303,1328]" box="[151,387,1303,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFA9213DAC577" bold="true" box="[151,387,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Other valid species:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFAE513ECC53F" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,437,1375,1400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CFAE513ECC53F" authority="Heyns, 1968" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,437,1375,1400]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andrassyi">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFAE51379C53F" bold="true" box="[151,288,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. andrassyi</emphasis>
Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFA00108CC5DA" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,725,1412,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
=
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF26FA01108CC5DA" authority="Heyns, 1968" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[173,725,1412,1437]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="andrassyi" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF26FA011018C5DB" box="[173,577,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) andrassyi</emphasis>
Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF38FA2D16C4C587" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[179,1181,1447,1472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38FA2D10EFC587" authority="Andrassy (1963)" authorityName="Andrassy" authorityYear="1963" box="[179,694,1447,1472]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="subSpecies" species="planposae" subSpecies="apud">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38FA2D13ABC587" box="[179,498,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus planposae apud</emphasis>
Andrássy (1963)
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FD49FA2C10B0C587" box="[706,745,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">nec</emphasis>
Altherr (1952) [syn. by Heyns (1968)]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFA4910F0C5A3" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,681,1483,1509]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CFA4910FFC5A3" authority="Akthar, Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1994" authorityName="Akthar, Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,678,1483,1509]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="confusus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFA491343C5A3" bold="true" box="[151,282,1483,1508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. confusus</emphasis>
Akthar, Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1994
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CFA751039C64F" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,608,1519,1544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CFA75134EC64F" box="[151,279,1519,1544]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hartingii">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CFA75134EC64F" bold="true" box="[151,279,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. hartingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Man, 1880) Heyns, 1968
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF9901019C66B" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,576,1556,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF99013C7C66B" box="[151,414,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
=
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF3AF99113C7C66B" box="[177,414,1556,1580]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hartingii">Dorylaimus hartingii</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
de Man, 1880
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF38F9BD10F9C742" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F9BD1019C617" box="[179,576,1592,1616]" class="Adenophorea" family="Dorylaimidae" genus="Dorylaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hartingii" subGenus="Nygolaimus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F9BD1019C617" box="[179,576,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Dorylaimus (Nygolaimus) hartingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
de Man, 1880 (Thorne, 1929)
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F9D913FBC633" box="[179,418,1628,1652]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hartingii">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F9D913FBC633" box="[179,418,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus hartingii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(de Man, 1880) Thorne, 1929
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F90511D9C6DF" authority="Thorne, 1929 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Thorne, 1929 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,896,1663,1688]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="hartingii" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F9051062C6DF" box="[179,571,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) hartingii</emphasis>
Thorne, 1929 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F9211071C6FB" authority="Thorne, 1930" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1930" box="[179,552,1700,1725]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="dubius">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F92113D2C6FB" box="[179,395,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus dubius</emphasis>
Thorne, 1930
</taxonomicName>
[syn. by Heyns (1968)]
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F94D1118C6A7" authority="(Altherr, 1950) Heyns, 1968" authorityName="(Altherr, 1950) Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,833,1735,1761]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paramphigonicus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F94D13A4C6A7" box="[179,509,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Paravulvus paramphigonicus</emphasis>
(Altherr, 1950) Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
[syn. by Lazarova
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FB92F94C1608C6A7" box="[1049,1105,1736,1760]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">et al.</emphasis>
(2002)]
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F96910F9C742" authority="Altherr, 1950" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1950" box="[179,672,1772,1797]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paramphigonicus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F969105DC743" box="[179,516,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus paramphigonicus</emphasis>
Altherr, 1950
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF38F89511B9C76F" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[179,992,1807,1832]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF38F89511B9C76F" authority="Altherr, 1950 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Altherr, 1950 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,992,1807,1832]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="paramphigonicus" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF38F89510C4C76F" box="[179,669,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) paramphigonicus</emphasis>
Altherr, 1950 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF8B11397C70B" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,462,1843,1869]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF8B112A0C70B" bold="true" box="[151,249,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. h e y n s i</emphasis>
Vinciguerra, 1987
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF8DD115FC737" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,774,1879,1904]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CF8DD115FC737" authority="Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri, 2004" authorityName="Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,774,1879,1904]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="iranicus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF8DD1348C737" bold="true" box="[151,273,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. iranicus</emphasis>
Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri, 2004
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF8F910D0C7D3" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,649,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CF8F910D0C7D3" authority="Ahmad, Araki &amp; Kaneda, 2003" authorityName="Ahmad, Araki &amp; Kaneda" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,649,1915,1941]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF8F9137BC7D3" bold="true" box="[151,290,1915,1940]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. japonicus</emphasis>
Ahmad, Araki &amp;
<collectingCountry id="E9B2762B154BFFB4FE66F8F9101CC7D2" box="[493,581,1916,1941]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Kaneda</collectingCountry>
, 2003
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF825103FC7FF" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,614,1951,1977]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CF825103FC7FF" authority="Choi &amp; Jairajpuri, 1998" authorityName="Choi &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1998" box="[151,614,1951,1977]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="kyeryongensis">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF825130CC7FF" bold="true" box="[151,341,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. kyeryongensis</emphasis>
Choi &amp; Jairajpuri, 1998
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154BFFB4FF1CF8411017C79B" blockId="6.[151,1196,1375,2013]" box="[151,590,1987,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154BFFB4FF1CF8411017C79B" authority="Ahmad, Araki &amp; Kaneda, 2003" authorityName="Ahmad, Araki &amp; Kaneda" authorityYear="2003" box="[151,590,1987,2013]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="6" pageNumber="551" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="loofi">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154BFFB4FF1CF84112BEC79B" bold="true" box="[151,231,1987,2012]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">P. loofi</emphasis>
Ahmad, Araki &amp;
<collectingCountry id="E9B2762B154BFFB4FE39F8411053C79A" box="[434,522,1988,2013]" name="Canada" pageId="6" pageNumber="551">Kaneda</collectingCountry>
, 2003
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFF1D13DFC094" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFF1D1160C0F7" authority="Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri, 2004" authorityName="Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,825,151,176]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="microdontus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFF1D131AC0F7" bold="true" box="[151,323,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. microdontus</emphasis>
Olia, Ahmad, Choudhary &amp; Jairajpuri, 2004
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFF3913DFC094" bold="true" box="[151,390,188,211]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFF391366C094" box="[151,319,188,211]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="moroccanus" status="sp. nov.">P. moroccanus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B8E257D2154AFFB5FECCFF3913DFC094" box="[327,390,188,211]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFF6513E6C0BF" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" box="[151,447,223,248]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFF6513E6C0BF" authority="Heyns, 1968" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,447,223,248]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="neodubius">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFF651373C0BF" bold="true" box="[151,298,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. neodubius</emphasis>
Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFE801008C107" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
=
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF26FE811082C15A" authority="Heyns, 1968" authorityName="Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[173,731,260,285]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="neodubius" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF26FE81101EC15B" box="[173,583,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) neodubius</emphasis>
Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFEAD1008C107" authority="Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1982" authorityName="Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,593,295,320]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="papillatus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFEAD137DC107" bold="true" box="[151,292,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. papillatus</emphasis>
Ahmad &amp; Jairajpuri, 1982
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFEC91032C122" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" box="[151,619,331,357]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFEC91032C122" authority="(Altherr, 1952) Heyns, 1968" authorityName="(Altherr, 1952) Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,619,331,357]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="planposae">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFEC9137EC123" bold="true" box="[151,295,331,356]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. planposae</emphasis>
(Altherr, 1952) Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFEF41014C1CF" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" box="[151,589,367,392]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFEF412F3C1CF" box="[151,170,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF3AFEF51014C1CF" authority="Altherr, 1952" authorityName="Altherr" authorityYear="1952" box="[177,589,367,392]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="planposae">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF3AFEF513E9C1CF" box="[177,432,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nygolaimus planposae</emphasis>
Altherr, 1952
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF38FE111077C1B2" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF38FE1111D6C1EA" authority="Altherr, 1952 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Altherr, 1952 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,911,404,429]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="planposae" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF38FE111015C1EB" box="[179,588,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) planposae</emphasis>
Altherr, 1952 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFE3D10F5C197" authority="Lazarova, Peneva &amp; Loof, 2002" authorityName="Lazarova, Peneva &amp; Loof" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,684,439,464]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="rhodopensis">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFE3D1367C197" bold="true" box="[151,318,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. rhodopensis</emphasis>
Lazarova, Peneva &amp; Loof, 2002
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF1CFE591077C1B2" authority="(Thorne, 1930) Heyns, 1968" authorityName="(Thorne, 1930) Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,558,476,501]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Paravulvus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFE5912B1C1B4" bold="true" box="[151,232,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">P. teres</emphasis>
(Thorne, 1930) Heyns, 1968
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF1CFD841048C25F" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" box="[151,529,511,536]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF1CFD8412F3C25F" box="[151,170,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">=</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF3AFD851048C25F" authority="Thorne, 1930" authorityName="Thorne" authorityYear="1930" box="[177,529,511,536]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="teres">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF3AFD85132BC25F" box="[177,370,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nygolaimus teres</emphasis>
Thorne, 1930
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="911A36BB154AFFB5FF38FDA1110AC27A" blockId="7.[151,911,151,573]" box="[179,851,548,573]" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">
<taxonomicName id="56A54D38154AFFB5FF38FDA1110AC27A" authority="Thorne, 1930 (Heyns, 1968)" authorityName="Thorne, 1930 (Heyns" authorityYear="1968" box="[179,851,548,573]" class="Adenophorea" family="Nygolaimidae" genus="Nygolaimus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dorylaimida" pageId="7" pageNumber="552" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="teres" subGenus="Paravulvus">
<emphasis id="A3D1EAA9154AFFB5FF38FDA11057C27B" box="[179,526,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="552">Nygolaimus (Paravulvus) teres</emphasis>
Thorne, 1930 (Heyns, 1968)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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