173 lines
17 KiB
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173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.60.484" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cd19376e-0c3c-4d10-b4eb-106eb0dcec35" ID-PMC="PMC3088345" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-60-37" ID-PubMed="21594200" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-60-37" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 60" ModsDocTitle="A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)" checkinTime="1451250954764" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Rightmyer, Molly G., Griswold, Terry & Arduser, Michael S." docDate="2010" docId="15891B0C0F848C239348E2A2B201334D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 60: 37-77" docOrigin="ZooKeys 60" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.60.484" docTitle="Osmia (Melanosmia) maritima Friese" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="D848C769255ED336985B5E69FFA2FF98" masterDocTitle="A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="77" masterPageNumber="37" pageNumber="53" updateTime="1668163309857" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of the non-metallic Osmia (Melanosmia) found in North America, with additional notes on palearctic Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rightmyer, Molly G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Griswold, Terry</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arduser, Michael S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>60</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>37</mods:start>
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<mods:end>77</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.60.484</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.60.484</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-60-37</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159360054" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:15891B0C0F848C239348E2A2B201334D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/15891B0C0F848C239348E2A2B201334D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName authority="Friese" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia (Melanosmia) maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima" subGenus="Melanosmia">Osmia Melanosmia maritima Friese</taxonomicName>
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Figs 7, 855, 5759, 6265
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Friese, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Nachrichten" pageId="25" pageNumber="62" pagination="81 - 87" title="Ueber einige seltene, zum Theil neue Apiden." volume="11" year="1885">Friese 1885: 85</bibRefCitation>
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[Lectotype female: Berlin];
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<bibRefCitation author="Tkalcu, B" journalOrPublisher="Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke" pageId="26" pageNumber="63" pagination="140 - 159" title="Die europaeischen Osmia-Arten der Untergattung Melanosmia (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Megachilidae)." volume="47" year="1983">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tkalců">Tkalcu</normalizedToken>
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1983: 152
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</bibRefCitation>
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[lectotype designation].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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is one of two currently known species of the xanthomelana species group in North America (species with more or less shining ventral area of the propodeal triangle, apically widened mandible in females, and distinctly swollen gonoforceps in males). Females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from the other North American xanthomelana species group member,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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, by characteristics of the mandible, outer hind tibial spur, and clypeus: the mandible has a third tooth that is recessed below a distinct carina between the second and fourth teeth (Fig. 8) (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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with the third tooth in the same plane as the second and fourth teeth and no carina, Fig. 10); the outer hind tibial spur is strongly curved apically (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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with outer hind tibial spur weakly curved apically), and the apical truncation of the clypeus is not distinctly set apart from the lateral apical margin of the clypeus, Fig. 55 (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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with the apical truncation forming a 90 degree angle with the lateral apical margin of the clypeus, Fig. 35). Females of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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also have almost entirely black pubescence on the clypeus (significant amounts of light hairs throughout the clypeus in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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) and longer hair on the galea in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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Males of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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are distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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by their relatively long, sparse hairs on the lower surface of the flagellar segments (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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with these hairs microscopic) and weakly emarginate S2 (
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nearctica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nearctica">Osmia nearctica</taxonomicName>
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with S2 midapical margin not emarginate).
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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Figures 64-70. 64, 65.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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, male, genital capsule 64 Dorsal view 65 Lateral view. 66-68.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia steinmanni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="steinmanni">Osmia steinmanni</taxonomicName>
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, male paratype. 66. Dorsal view of genital capsule 67 S3 and S4 68 S5 and S6 69, 70
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia svenssoni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="svenssoni">Osmia svenssoni</taxonomicName>
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, male paratype. 69 Dorsal view of genital capsule 70 S4 and S6.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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In the Nearctic,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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is known only from the Northwest Territories and Alaska. In the Palearctic,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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is known from the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Finland east to Mongolia and through Russia to Far Eastern Siberia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="25" pageNumber="62" title="Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zuerich" url="http://blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="16" pageNumber="53">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="16" pageNumber="53">
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We have not found any male specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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in the material of nearctic
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Osmia</taxonomicName>
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available to us. It is possible that once male specimens are discovered they may prove to be a distinct species from their palearctic relatives (if, as in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia aquilonaria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aquilonaria">Osmia aquilonaria</taxonomicName>
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, the novel diagnostic characters of the species are only found in the males);
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<pageBreakToken pageId="17" pageNumber="54" start="start">however</pageBreakToken>
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, since a holarctic distribution is well established for other
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Osmia</taxonomicName>
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species (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia inermis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">Osmia inermis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia nigriventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigriventris">Osmia nigriventris</taxonomicName>
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), until proven otherwise we conservatively retain the name
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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for this species. Interestingly, there appear to be two female morphs of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">Osmia maritima</taxonomicName>
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. Specimens from Alaska and the Russian Far East share pale hair on the paraocular area and mesepisternum and scarcely sculptured apical areas on T2 and T3; females from the Northwest Territories and western Europe have dark hair on the paraocular area and mesepisternum and microsculptured apical areas of T2 and T3.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Osmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Osmia maritima" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maritima">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="18" pageNumber="55" start="start">Osmia</pageBreakToken>
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maritima
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Palearctic is known to be polylectic and nests in sandy soil with cells composed of chewed leaves and sand grains (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mueller, A" journalOrPublisher="Revue Suisse de Zoologie" pageId="25" pageNumber="62" title="Palaearctic Osmiine Bees, ETH Zuerich" url="http://blogs.ethz.ch/osmiini" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Müller">Mueller</normalizedToken>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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and references therein).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="55" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="55">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="55">
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CANADA: NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, Inuvik Region, 17 June 1971 (1♀, Ottawa), 20-25 June 1971 (3♀, Ottawa), 28-30 June 1971 (1♀, Ottawa), 11 July 1948 (1♀, Ottawa); NETHERLANDS: Terschelling, 2 June 1969 (1♂, 1♀, Logan); RUSSIA: Siberia, 5 July 1992 (1♂, Davis), 12 July 1992 (1♀, Davis); USA: ALASKA, Fairbanks North Star Borough, 31 July 1985 (1♀, Davis); Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, 21 June 1984,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Oxytropis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oxytropis campestris" order="Fabales" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campestris">Oxytropis campestris</taxonomicName>
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(3♀, Davis); Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, 17 May 1991,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Dodecatheon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodecatheon frigidum" order="Ericales" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frigidum">Dodecatheon frigidum</taxonomicName>
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(1♀, Davis), 19 June 1992,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Penstemon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Penstemon gormanii" order="Lamiales" pageId="18" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gormanii">Penstemon gormanii</taxonomicName>
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(1♀, Davis).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |