202 lines
19 KiB
XML
202 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274392" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f211f2ff-ab11-4076-90e0-e1d2dd30d755" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274392" checkinTime="1459889433405" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Achatz, Johannes G." docDate="2008" docId="03FE827F7140C276FF7FFB6BCB51FDED" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01824p016.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1824" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@7baf1f5a" docStyleName="zootaxa.2007.monograph" docTitle="Amphiscolops" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="FFC7FA077141C274FFE8FF9CC92EFF87" masterDocTitle="Convolutidae (Acoela) from the Andaman Sea" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1645584740089" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Convolutidae (Acoela) from the Andaman Sea</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Achatz, Johannes G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1824</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>16</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274392</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">f211f2ff-ab11-4076-90e0-e1d2dd30d755</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">274392</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6234986" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371803" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6234986" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE827F7140C276FF7FFB6BCB51FDED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE827F7140C276FF7FFB6BCB51FDED" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<subSubSection box="[151,459,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,459,1271,1297]" box="[151,459,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,459,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,459,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<taxonomicName box="[151,320,1271,1297]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Amphiscolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,320,1271,1297]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Amphiscolops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
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<figureCitation box="[378,449,1271,1297]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Fig.
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<number box="[435,449,1271,1297]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,267,1351,1377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Material.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode box="[276,358,1352,1378]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/c3cw-qjai" name="Phuket Marine Biological Centre" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">PMBC</collectionCode>
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<number box="[367,443,1352,1378]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="24793.0">24793</number>
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, one complete serial sagittal section of an immature specimen, living specimens in squeeze preparations, and three whole mounts for fluorescence microscopy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,305,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Locality.</emphasis>
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On green algae in the brackish part of a little stream which runs into the northeastern corner of Yon Bay, Phuket Island,
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<collectingCountry box="[441,545,1472,1498]" name="Thailand" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[561,722,1472,1498]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="7.8152504">
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<number box="[561,576,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="7.0">7</number>
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°
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<number box="[585,617,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="48.0">48</number>
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’
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<number box="[622,680,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="54.9">54.9</number>
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” N
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</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[734,907,1472,1498]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" precision="1" value="98.39372">
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<number box="[734,765,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="98.0">98</number>
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°
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<number box="[775,806,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="23.0">23</number>
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’
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<number box="[811,868,1472,1498]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="37.4">37.4</number>
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” E
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</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,349,1511,1537]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Description.</emphasis>
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Living animals are ~
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<quantity box="[598,686,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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long and ~
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<quantity box="[816,907,1512,1538]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
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wide (
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<figureCitation box="[986,1051,1512,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Fig.
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<number box="[1040,1051,1512,1538]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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A). The epidermis is entirely ciliated, with cilia that are ~
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<number box="[449,478,1552,1578]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="10.0">10</number>
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µm long. The nuclei of the epidermis are sunken beneath the body-wall musculature. The dorsal epidermis contains concrements that appear white in reflected light, black in transmitted light. The concrements are arranged in star-shaped patterns (
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<figureCitation box="[806,873,1632,1658]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Fig.
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<number box="[862,873,1632,1658]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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C) and form dense aggregations at the anterior end (
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<figureCitation box="[209,275,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Fig.
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<number box="[264,275,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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B) and dorsal to the digestive syncytium (
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<figureCitation box="[768,834,1672,1698]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Fig.
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<number box="[823,834,1672,1698]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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The brain consists of an anterior arch with lateral thickenings and a central mass, the nuclei lying ventrally. There are five pairs of longitudinal nerve cords: two dorsal pairs, a thick lateral pair, and two weak ventral pairs. Two red,
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<number box="[380,409,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="25.0">25</number>
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µm-wide ocelli lie at the anterior tip (
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<figureCitation box="[856,933,1792,1818]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Figs.
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<number box="[922,933,1792,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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A, B). No statocyst is present.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Numerous,
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<number box="[334,408,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24</number>
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µm-wide zooxanthellae are scattered throughout the parenchyma (
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<figureCitation box="[1194,1272,1832,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Figs.
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<number box="[1261,1272,1832,1858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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A, B). Nearly translucent specimens with
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<number box="[481,510,1872,1898]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="10.0">10</number>
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or fewer symbiotic algae are quite common, but most are colored because of zooxanthellae in the parenchyma..
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1437,1351,2018]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,152,618]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
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Rhabdoid gland cells and mucous gland cells occur on the entire body surface, most numerous dorsally and at the anterior tip of the body. The rhabdoids are translucent, refractile, occur in bundles of up to
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<number box="[1349,1381,1992,2018]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" value="25.0">25</number>
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, and are ~
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<number box="[213,242,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="15.0">15</number>
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µm long (
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<figureCitation box="[372,441,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Fig.
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<number box="[429,441,152,178]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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C). A “common” frontal organ is absent, but a few gland cells with small vesicles originate posterior to the brain, run to the anterior tip, and protrude separately. Aggregations of black granules appear as black spots up to
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<number box="[473,502,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="10.0">10</number>
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µm in diameter on the dorsal surface posterior to the eyes (
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<figureCitation box="[1199,1268,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1697,1721]" captionTargetBox="[164,1435,665,1673]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,654,1673]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Amphiscolops sp.; photomicrographs of living specimen. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B. Dorsal view of anterior end. C. Star-shaped pattern of concrements in epidermis. Arrows point to the two ocelli, arrowheads to clusters of black granules, double-arrowhead to a bundle of rhabdoids; asterisk marks the aggregation of concrements dorsal to the digestive syncytium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274393/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Fig.
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<number box="[1254,1268,232,258]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1.0">1</number>
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</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,152,618]" box="[197,1395,272,298]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">The digestive system of all investigated specimens was filled with numerous diatoms and crustaceans.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,152,618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[197,318,311,337]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Remarks.</emphasis>
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Although all specimens investigated were immature, the species can clearly be placed closest to
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<taxonomicName authority="Achatz et al., 2007" authorityName="Achatz et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[183,663,352,378]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Amphiscolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[183,423,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Amphiscolops blumi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Achatz" box="[433,663,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refString="Achatz, J. G., Hooge, M. D. & Tyler, S. (2007) Convolutidae (Acoela) from Belize. Zootaxa, 1479, 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Achatz
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<emphasis box="[525,586,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
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,
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<number box="[602,663,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2007.0">2007</number>
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName authority="Graff, 1882" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1882" box="[729,1054,352,378]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Amphiscolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis box="[729,903,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. langerhansi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Graff" box="[912,1054,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refString="Graff, L. (1882) Monographie der Turbellarien. I. Rhabdocoelida, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1 - 442." type="book chapter" year="1882">
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Graff,
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<number box="[992,1054,352,378]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1882.0">1882</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All share numerous characters, most importantly the star-shaped concrements and their distribution, the possession, kind, and distribution of zooxanthellae, the structure, form and distribution of the rhabdoid gland cells, and the absence of a true frontal organ (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Achatz" box="[279,499,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refString="Achatz, J. G., Hooge, M. D. & Tyler, S. (2007) Convolutidae (Acoela) from Belize. Zootaxa, 1479, 35 - 66." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
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Achatz
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,428,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">et al.</emphasis>
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||
<number box="[435,499,472,498]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2007.0">2007</number>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,152,618]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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Several specimens exhibited signs of asexual reproduction by transverse fission as described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hanson" pageId="2" pageNumber="16" refString="Hanson, E. D. (1960) Asexual reproduction in acoelous Turbellaria. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 33, 107 - 111." type="journal article" year="1960">
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Hanson (
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<number box="[159,220,552,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="1960.0">1960</number>
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||
)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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for
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<taxonomicName box="[277,449,552,577]" class="Acoelomorpha" family="Convolutidae" genus="Amphiscolops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Acoela" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Xenacoelomorpha" rank="species">
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<emphasis box="[277,449,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">A. langerhansi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The lack of a statocyst in all investigated specimens is additional evidence that this was an asexually reproducing population.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |