206 lines
24 KiB
XML
206 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="CEB9108CF912165D920748D83ACB4449" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13164223" ID-ISSN="0068-547X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13164223" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722538947127" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Elliott, William R., Reddell, James R., Rudolph, D. Craig, Graening, G. O., Briggs, Thomas S., Ubick, Darrell, Aalbu, Rolf L., Krejca, Jean & Taylor, Steven J." docDate="2017" docId="03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC" docLanguage="en" docName="ProcCalifAcadSci.64.suppl1.1-311.pdf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 64" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B.2:ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="E411DA009AF5E7F9A7E023431E2B7D5B" docStyleName="ProcCalifAcadSci.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Sea Cave Fauna" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="FFC7511DF01DC41F583FF3525E04FFC1" masterDocTitle="The Cave Fauna of California" masterLastPageNumber="311" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="25" updateTime="1722582514611" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
|
||
<mods:mods id="03D429B7D338C761616FA7FC5D547485" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="5C67C9E3F87F4E175F1B95611C088D4C">
|
||
<mods:title id="79AD8894FF80D67FF7EE598010A232F9">The Cave Fauna of California</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B781F134141AC83E124F79EB584EE61C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="ABE0BADB42D60E970530A684D0AB46DF">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="4A10EC93D8B0DBE8F930FE2BDE14F119">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="7D6865E186ABA1527702B328BECA3B6F">Elliott, William R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C019CE5EC2D3908A5A9D16F09CA1550C">Cave biologist (retired), Missouri Department of Conservation, 914 Bannister Drive, Jefferson City, Missouri, 65109 (Email: speodesmus @ gmail. com);</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AA89A2A6B287031F1ED0BBF1455256E1" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B807EFF7C4348F8B7946AB8AAFA1DE6D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="85FC532B00EB69F58B0FA56939D8B180">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A2D7FAFE0858EB747E3BFCDFDC66BB7F">Reddell, James R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="9A5BC0C19C22C02A4526EFF2619A6E0D">Curator Emeritus of Cave Invertebrates, Texas Natural History Collections, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4D0CE5F199B649AB5470433911BE3037" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C8DDA84A43EE385B9CD784CB29131070">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C967A950C8383BCFBE5397C7DB785F02">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BE46196EFD18EF686A3A114A9FAF2FCA">Rudolph, D. Craig</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="B65EB2227224D5972E587ECEFA8E0358">USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 506 Hayter St., Nacogdoches, Texas 75965;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="D72BCDC60BEC498C6F27E54C089F00D0" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="17605702905ECC522B9AA79792E73B24">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="CC70DCF5BA91F77D413889D691DB757F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="3AD1D490A71AACF94B6EB7069FCDBC02">Graening, G. O.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="C109F2C0AC48D0A7E54584ED023FEF21">Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, California 95819 - 6077;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="65D7965FFBECF5CC090831ED9FF9114D" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8A096C0CBE90EF7C8563FF9C6FCDBFAB">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="3EDED154B23C2091041CDC0FAA4FC00A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="49EAFFDDB92DBCD4EA6B43384F18F768">Briggs, Thomas S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2FEDB4782F20EA5D6F8720D95C336D9B">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B81DD9414E13D763A20342CF6CD23C00" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="39B5B541659B65F3B8F95ACF5287664C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="ADE347312A360444FA2EA5CEA275A5CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F066BC4DEC3AA5B6B2A70EAB1E5120B8">Ubick, Darrell</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="D1626766183B95953B5A08DD571FE07E">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9B4F3791FD1A0A38C7FA6F33E6009AFB" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="78037126760FF429C9F969ED1D840C29">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B03756FAC155824D064DBEBE2452AEBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="191184FA7E6539501896F478000F1B8B">Aalbu, Rolf L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2383F88A88CB49C102A2637535E7B902">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California 94118;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E99E2668271205AE9378A2FD4C1DACB6" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="461A08DECF52F39AE567C33FA67232F7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="7AB0C4919552022BEEC06AA1ED66990E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2A135D303052CCED25363C696E8D185B">Krejca, Jean</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="72A5F6CF68EFB7F48010E618AA81B995">Zara Environmental LLC, 1707 W. FM 1626, Manchaca, Texas 78652;</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C7204BC7A9B5E550B99FCFFA933338E3" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="BAEB52415F49AC908CB3B4AFD3939C8C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="57C387E5CF4B49D2CEF152C4D7E2D169">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BAF1FD4A0F4BEF0CB54D0297341D296E">Taylor, Steven J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="A842061ACF873F97440C3A21745809E7">Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61820 - 6953</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="7961660ABF378334E80AEF5D58F2703A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="5065EE1B6AA78AF97B325968FEFD3553" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="BC9CC0C6956457ED8255C7987B4C210F">
|
||
<mods:title id="10F2DF003D3A104846E12517FCEBF03F">Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="837A3342A4D2B5928B1346CFA20C6921">
|
||
<mods:date id="CDF10AFCFF115B17FBAE50ADC89E7B5E">2017</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="6F4FD21996AF51732E5C568ACA1831FF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="DEB1EF8B978BD924F024DC3CC041EED0">2017-07-28</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="F835D4FCF1B87364E3C1FFA226DF002F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="AC95AF11284FD5C9F3A8E6ADECAC2347">64</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="8496A6EF407FDA58E81182B9CBFFEE1C" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D99F50E86F62830F855FD9B691F66E03">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="BCFEB77497964D1EF3A0CCF251178059">311</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="67C56CEF21A59D49D41CC48A5ABA8C9B">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="B53031B03CA304285617BDD340B15035" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13164223</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="9A0807801EB5764BD04DFA380EF45DA1" type="ISSN">0068-547X</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C37DFE7B6F495969E0C4F3636359C9AD" type="Zenodo-Dep">13164223</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DCBF8F005C4075A1DF2CF5CF5FD84" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075A1DF2CF5CEAFE79" blockId="24.[546,750,413,440]" box="[546,750,413,440]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<heading id="D0A02F1FF005C4075A1DF2CF5CEAFE79" bold="true" box="[546,750,413,440]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075A1DF2CF5CEAFE79" ID-CoL="92MMK" authority="Cave Fauna" authorityName="Cave Fauna" box="[546,750,413,440]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Sea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075A1DF2CF5CEAFE79" bold="true" box="[546,750,413,440]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Sea Cave Fauna</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075894F2995CF5FD84" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
California’s sea caves sometimes have dark zones, and may contain many marine invertebrates and fishes that are attracted to dim light, darkness, or the shelter that crevices provide.
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49935691F005C4075C16F2BE5A91FDC5" box="[1065,1173,492,516]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
sea lions and harbor seals sometimes shelter in the caves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C84F6F005C4075ACDF15F5D3BFDE4" box="[754,831,525,549]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="48.[166,178,1291,1310]" captionTargetBox="[130,1166,216,1271]" captionTargetId="figure-39@48.[130,1166,216,1271]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 12 (top left). California sea lions huddle on a ledge in Painted Cave, a sea cave on Santa Cruz Island. DB. FIGURE 13 (top right). Sea cave life on Anacapa Island, Ventura Co.; white anemones and sponges have lost their mutualistic algae in the cave’s darkness. Image 25–30 cm wide. DB. FIGURE 14 (center left). Brackenridgia heroldi, 6 mm, Trichoniscidae, troglophile, Clough Cave. JK. FIGURE 15 (center right). Uroctonites sequoia, 4 cm, Vaejovidae, troglophilic scorpion, Clough Cave, Tulare Co., Sequoia National Park. JK. FIGURE 16 (bottom left). Uroctonus mordax scorpion, 5 cm, trogloxene, Clough Cave. JK. FIGURE 17 (bottom right). Hubbardia pentapeltis, about 5 mm, a male schizomid or short-tailed whipscorpion from southern California, similar to Hubbardia shoshonensis from Shoshone Cave. The male’s flagellum (tail) is sculpted, the female’s is simple. MH. Photographers: Dave Bunnell, Marshal Hedin, Jean Krejca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13164253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13164253/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Fig.
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3596F005C4075B1BF15F5D3BFDE4" box="[804,831,525,549]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="in" value="12.0">12</quantity>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
in the contiguous photographic section). A troglobitic isopod has been found in two caves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34DCBF8F005C4065894F11C5C3CFBAC" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075894F11C5F0CFC4D" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6E582F005C4075894F11C5F60FDA7" author="HENDERSON, R. E." box="[171,356,590,614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="88 - 91" refId="ref69528" refString="HENDERSON, R. E. 1983. Life beneath Santa Cruz Island. NSS News 41 (2): 88 - 91." type="journal article" year="1983">Henderson (1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC6E582F005C407594CF11C5FACFDA7" author="HENDERSON, R. E." box="[371,424,590,614]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" refId="ref69553" refString="HENDERSON, R. E. 1988. The caves' marine life. Pages 9 - 12 in D. Bunnell, Sea Caves of Santa Cruz Island. McNally & Loftin, Publishers, Santa Barbara, California, USA." type="book" year="1988">1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) described in detail the marine ecology of two caves on
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075C2DF11C5FDBFD46" bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075C2DF11C5A92FDA7" box="[1042,1174,590,614]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruz">Santa Cruz</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C40758EFF13D5FDBFD46" authority="Anchorage Cave" authorityName="Anchorage Cave" box="[208,479,623,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diablo">Diablo Anchorage Cave</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has two entrances and is subject to the prevailing, violent northwest swell, which enters the west entrance and exits the smaller east entrance, a blowhole. The cave is usually submerged and the bottom is floored with boulders, influencing the variety of invertebrates. The high flow of seawater and nutrients support filter feeders such as white sponge (Fig. 13), blue sponge, corals, barnacles, rock mussels, polychaete worms, and their predators, such as
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49935691F005C4075844F0405EE3FCEB" box="[123,231,786,810]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
spiny lobster. Resident fishes include rockfish, opaleye, perch, sheepshead, blacksmith, senioritas, spiny dog shark, and swell shark (scientific names are listed in Appendix 1). The two sharks are night or dim-light feeders especially attracted to this cave, forming tangled masses of many sharks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075894F0C75F29FB50" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075894F0C75F81FC6C" bold="true" box="[171,389,917,941]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fry’s Harbor Cave</emphasis>
|
||
has one entrance in the lee of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075AEFF0C75D43FC6C" box="[720,839,917,941]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruz">Santa Cruz</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island, calmer water than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075C59F0C75F5CFC0F" authority="Anchorage Cave" authorityName="Anchorage Cave" class="Mammalia" family="Vespertilionidae" genus="Myotis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diablo">Diablo Anchorage Cave</taxonomicName>
|
||
, less nutrient input, and a silty bottom with breakdown false floors creating upper and lower galleries. This environment attracts a different community. There are few lobsters, but many black abalone feeding on algal bits and kelp drifting in from the entrance. Green anemones grade from green near the entrance to translucent white with pink highlights, owing to a loss of symbiotic green algae in their tissues in the darkness. Commonly seen are giant rock scallops and nudibranchs, including a new species discovered there,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075B63F7085A0BFBB0" authorityName="Behrens & Henderson" authorityYear="1981" box="[860,1039,1113,1137]" class="Diplura" family="Campodeidae" genus="Jorrunna" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diplura" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pardus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075B63F7085A0BFBB0" box="[860,1039,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Jorrunna pardus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the leopard spot nudibranch.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075894F7C95DACFAD5" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F922EF005C4075894F7C95DA5FAD5" county="San Francisco County" location="Brigadune Cave" municipality="Two" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8C0209F005C4075894F7C95EDEFB73" box="[171,218,1179,1202]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Two</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
mainland sea caves,
|
||
<location id="8E88CEA8F005C40759FEF7C85C6BFB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC:8E88CEA8F005C40759FEF7C85C6BFB72" box="[449,623,1178,1203]" county="San Francisco County" municipality="Two" name="Brigadune Cave" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Brigadune Cave</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E88CEA8F005C4075A40F7C85D38FB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC:8E88CEA8F005C4075A40F7C85D38FB72" box="[639,828,1178,1203]" county="San Francisco County" municipality="Two" name="Cliff House Cave" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Cliff House Cave</location>
|
||
) and
|
||
<location id="8E88CEA8F005C4075B43F7C95A3DFB72" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC:8E88CEA8F005C4075B43F7C95A3DFB72" box="[892,1081,1178,1203]" county="San Francisco County" municipality="Two" name="Sutro Baths Cave" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Sutro Baths Cave</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<location id="8E88CEA8F005C4075C75F7C95EB6FB12" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE2965F005C4065A1DF2CF5C3CFBAC:8E88CEA8F005C4075C75F7C95EB6FB12" county="San Francisco County" municipality="Two" name="Sutro's Cave" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="California">Sutro’s Cave</location>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCounty id="6289E0FFF005C40758F7F7E95FB5FB12" box="[200,433,1211,1235]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">San Francisco County</collectingCounty>
|
||
, contain an undescribed troglobitic terrestrial isopod, “Undetermined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075844F78E5EE2FB35" authorityName="Elliott & Reddell & Rudolph & Graening & Briggs & Ubick & Aalbu & Krejca & Taylor" authorityYear="2017" box="[123,230,1244,1268]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="24" pageNumber="162" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oniscidea">Oniscidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
.” Cliff House Cave’s entrance is usually partly blocked with granitic beach sand and tree trunks. These are the only records of a troglobite from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49935691F005C4075AF6F7AE5D31FAD5" box="[713,821,1276,1300]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
sea caves
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075894F64F5A92FA97" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
A few caves on the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C40759BBF64F5C44FAF4" authority="Islands" authorityName="Islands" box="[388,576,1309,1333]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Calymmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farallon">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C40759BBF64F5C44FAF4" bold="true" box="[388,576,1309,1333]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Farallon Islands</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain the troglophilic rhaphidophorid cricket,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075C6FF64F5F7EFA97" class="Insecta" family="Rhaphidophoridae" genus="Farallonophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavernicolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075C6FF64F5F7EFA97" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Farallonophilus cavernicolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a genus unique to those islands. The cricket colonies are moderately large
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4075844F60D5F0CF9D8" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
(see Crickets overview below). The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075A36F60D5CB3FAB6" authority="Islands" authorityName="Islands" box="[521,695,1375,1399]" class="Arachnida" family="Cybaeidae" genus="Calymmaria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="farallon">Farallon Islands</taxonomicName>
|
||
were connected to the mainland during the low sea level stands in the late Pleistocene Epoch between about 25,000 and 15,000 ka and/or about 125,000 ka. Perhaps the crickets were distributed from the mainland to the present islands, and became isolated there relatively recently. The arboreal salamander,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075BB5F6935A44FA18" baseAuthorityName="Hallowell" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[906,1088,1473,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Hybosoridae" genus="Aneides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lugubris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C4075BB5F6935A44FA18" box="[906,1088,1473,1497]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Aneides lugubris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is also known from sea caves on the Farallons and mainland caves (see Herpetofauna overview and Appendix 1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE89873F005C4065894F5715C3CFBAC" blockId="24.[123,1174,459,1726]" lastBlockId="25.[123,1174,1045,1133]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Another troglophile,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C40759B2F5715C7FF9FA" box="[397,635,1571,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Elachistidae" genus="Brackenridgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="heroldi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9234461F005C40759B2F5715C7FF9FA" box="[397,635,1571,1595]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Brackenridgia heroldi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 14), may have originated from littoral environments; the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F005C4075928F5115F86F99A" authorityName="Elliott & Reddell & Rudolph & Graening & Briggs & Ubick & Aalbu & Krejca & Taylor" authorityYear="2017" box="[279,386,1603,1627]" class="Gastropoda" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="24" pageNumber="162" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Oniscidea">Oniscidea</taxonomicName>
|
||
were ultimately derived from marine ancestors (Broly et al. 2013). This terrestrial isopod, though blind and depigmented, was originally known from the seashore at San Mateo, San Mateo County, and up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF3596F005C4075A28F5D75C6BF95D" box="[535,623,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1.2">1,200 m</quantity>
|
||
in Muir Woods, Marin County, where it occurs in leaf litter and other organic debris. It is known from 39 terrestrial caves in eight counties from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F004C4065844F7475F1CFBEC" authority="Desert" authorityName="Desert. Shear" authorityYear="1974" box="[123,280,1045,1069]" family="Scombridae" genus="Sierra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mojave">Mojave Desert</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F004C4065906F7475FCBFBEC" baseAuthorityName="Briggs and GPC" baseAuthorityYear="1975" box="[313,463,1045,1069]" family="Scombridae" genus="Sierra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nevada">Sierra Nevada</taxonomicName>
|
||
North, but not from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F004C4065A94F7445CDBFBEC" box="[683,735,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Cerambycidae" genus="America" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sea">a sea</taxonomicName>
|
||
cave. It was transplanted from McLean’s Cave to the Transplant Mine. Other species in the genus, all troglobitic, are known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C57E3F0F004C4065C06F7675A8BFB8C" authorityName="Kennicott" authorityYear="1859" box="[1081,1167,1077,1101]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Arizona" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Arizona</taxonomicName>
|
||
, New
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49935691F004C406588BF7075F01FBAC" box="[180,261,1109,1133]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Texas, and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F340D8E3F004C40659DFF7075C35FBAC" box="[480,561,1109,1133]" name="Mexico" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |