804 lines
97 KiB
XML
804 lines
97 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="930D60117880FBEAC538A6AE03C17C50">Molecular phylogeny of Asian pipesnakes, genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), with the description of a new species from Myanmar</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3F79B8DBB8ABF8546482813035BD4716">Bernstein, Justin M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6288A99F215338EE750CA89DEF045231">Bauer, Aaron M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D530ED5A678FBF3CE80823883E8F7E00" type="email">aaron.bauer@villanova.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="F546A625FE7AC095C93AA0DC146A61AE">Mcguire, Jimmy A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83DAACF5C7758D6EA618850735103799">Arida, Evy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="149896C00FAA64EAEB5813AC6FE1B072" type="email">eva.arida@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="46817618DFEACC1ABD5335BBBC0C3DAA">Kaiser, Hinrich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1A31B405D606D6E77972DB4F5D873A33">Kieckbusch, Max</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5929E77803B45C7FB542C536842EA0D8">Mecke, Sven</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="027D092819FC29263D741981B5F5AA0A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="BCDF57FA5CCA0EA9B61D09E0D84C273A">
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<mods:date id="B13DF2F186BB3067D2367C2F3971A7F4">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="220C87A7D21F3BD4E3EF5C4A826AF360">2020-09-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="DF8F8C615D694D6EBB70078427349C42">4851</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03E9E4323F149E3CFF73FF9A7363F840" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177203313" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4494298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9E4323F149E3CFF73FF9A7363F840" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9E4323F149E3CFF73FF9A7363F840" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F149E33FF73FF9A73D9FA7B" authority="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke, 2020" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,436,1483,1510]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FF73FF9A73D9FA7B" bold="true" box="[151,436,1483,1510]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Cylindrophis slowinskii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207344D3F149E33FE5FFF9A7074FA78" box="[443,537,1483,1509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F149E33FF73FFBE7286F994" box="[151,235,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFF55243F149E33FF73FFBE7286F994" blockId="5.[151,537,1483,1545]" box="[151,235,1519,1545]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137B49A13F149E33FF44FFBE728EF994" box="[160,227,1519,1545]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[271,1364,180,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[204,1383,166,1365]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Cylindrophis slowinskii sp. nov. (CAS 241554) from Kachin State, Myanmar in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view. The head is shown in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) view, the tail in ventral view (E). The 10 mm and 5 mm scale bars are for panels A+B and C+D+E, respectively. Photos by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494222/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F149E33FF73FC66736EF898" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BFF55243F149E33FF73FC667358F920" blockId="5.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<materialsCitation id="3B285F793F149E33FF73FC667358F920" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3028262302" collectingDate="2008-07-26" collectionCode="CAS-MHS" collectorName="J. A. Wilkinson & K. T Kyaw & J. V. Vindum" country="Myanmar" county="Mohnyin Township" elevation="245" latitude="25.1787" location="Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="96.2917" municipality="Indawgyi Lake" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" specimenCode="CAS-MHS 26113" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FF73FC667362F9CC" bold="true" box="[151,271,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F149E33FF73FC667367F9CC" box="[151,266,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
.
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||
</emphasis>
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||
CAS 241554 (field number:
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||
<specimenCode id="DBE6FD5F3F149E33FDB8FC667140F9CF" box="[604,813,1591,1618]" collectionCode="CAS-MHS" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">CAS-MHS 26113</specimenCode>
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), an adult specimen from
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<location id="8E9F03FF3F149E33FBB7FC6677F1F9CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9E4323F149E3CFF73FF9A7363F840:8E9F03FF3F149E33FBB7FC6677F1F9CC" box="[1107,1436,1591,1617]" country="Myanmar" county="Mohnyin Township" latitude="25.1787" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="96.2917" municipality="Indawgyi Lake" name="Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="Kachin">Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary</location>
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in the vicinity of
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<location id="8E9F03FF3F149E33FE82FC0D705BF9E8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E9E4323F149E3CFF73FF9A7363F840:8E9F03FF3F149E33FE82FC0D705BF9E8" box="[358,566,1627,1654]" country="Myanmar" county="Mohnyin Township" latitude="25.1787" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="96.2917" municipality="Indawgyi Lake" name="Lwe Mon Village" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" stateProvince="Kachin">Lwe Mon Village</location>
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, west of
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B9BCF5E3F149E33FD47FC0A7139F9E8" box="[675,852,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Indawgyi Lake</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="629E2DA83F149E33FC86FC0A762BF9E8" box="[866,1094,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Mohnyin Township</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F149E33FBB0FC0A7681F9E8" box="[1108,1260,1627,1653]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F149E33FB1EFC0D7704F9EB" box="[1274,1385,1628,1654]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
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(ca.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7433E33F149E33FF73FC2E7373F907" box="[151,286,1663,1690]" degrees="25.1787" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" precision="5" value="25.1787">25.1787° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE7433E33F149E33FECEFC2E73C3F907" box="[298,430,1663,1690]" degrees="96.2917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" precision="5" value="96.2917">96.2917° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="006DB2173F149E33FE5DFC2E701BF907" box="[441,630,1663,1690]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="245.0">
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elevation
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<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F149E33FDCEFC2E701BF907" box="[554,630,1663,1690]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="m" value="245.0">245 m</quantity>
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</elevation>
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), collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="26B530F23F149E33FCF9FC2E71A6F904" box="[797,971,1663,1689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">J.A. Wilkinson</collectorName>
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||
, K.T. Kyaw, and
|
||
<collectorName id="26B530F23F149E33FB75FCD17773F904" box="[1169,1310,1663,1690]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">J.V. Vindum</collectorName>
|
||
on
|
||
<date id="FFFE73E43F149E33FAADFC2E72BDF920" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" value="2008-07-26">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFBA8A0C3F149E33FAADFC2E72BDF920" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" value="2008-07-26">26 July 2008</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B49A13F149E33FF04FCF2734AF920" box="[224,295,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[271,1364,180,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[204,1383,166,1365]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Cylindrophis slowinskii sp. nov. (CAS 241554) from Kachin State, Myanmar in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view. The head is shown in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) view, the tail in ventral view (E). The 10 mm and 5 mm scale bars are for panels A+B and C+D+E, respectively. Photos by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494222/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F149E33FF23FC96736EF898" blockId="5.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B285F793F149E33FF23FC967292F898" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3028262301" collectingDate="2008-07-26" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="J. A. Wilkinson & K. T Kyaw & J. V. Vindum" country="Myanmar" county="Mohnyin Township" elevation="245" latitude="25.1787" location="Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="96.2917" municipality="Indawgyi Lake" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" specimenCode="USNM 590030, CAS-MHS 26114" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kachin" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FF23FC967350F97C" bold="true" box="[199,317,1735,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
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<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F149E33FF23FC967355F97C" box="[199,312,1735,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE6FD5F3F149E33FEA3FC967395F97F" box="[327,504,1735,1762]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="Museum">USNM 590030</specimenCode>
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||
(field number:
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBE6FD5F3F149E33FD54FC9671EEF97F" box="[688,899,1735,1762]" collectionCode="CAS-MHS" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">CAS-MHS 26114</specimenCode>
|
||
), an adult specimen, collection data as for the holotype
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F149E33FF23FD5E76ADF824" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F149E33FF23FD5E76ADF824" blockId="5.[151,1437,1591,1978]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FF23FD5E732BF8B4" bold="true" box="[199,326,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F149E33FDBAFD5E7099F8B4" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[606,756,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FDBAFD5E7099F8B4" box="[606,756,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, identified by a combination of the following characteristics: (1) small size:
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F149E33FE98FD627078F8D3" box="[380,533,1843,1870]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="2.9699999999999998" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" unit="mm" value="315.0" valueMax="333.0" valueMin="297.0">297–333 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL; (2) 17-19-17 dorsal scale rows; (3) 216–220 ventrals; (4) eight subcaudals; (5) 65–69 very narrow diffuse pale ventral blotches that are branching, creating the impression of a diffuse reticulum; and (6) a pale bar running along the posterior border of the prefrontals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B49A13F149E33FBB4FD2A76FAF808" box="[1104,1175,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1397,1421]" captionTargetBox="[271,1364,180,1365]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[204,1383,166,1365]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Holotype of Cylindrophis slowinskii sp. nov. (CAS 241554) from Kachin State, Myanmar in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view. The head is shown in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) view, the tail in ventral view (E). The 10 mm and 5 mm scale bars are for panels A+B and C+D+E, respectively. Photos by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494222/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). These morphological characters are sufficient to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F149E33FDACFDF170B5F824" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[584,728,1951,1978]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="540" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FDACFDF17036F827" box="[584,603,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F149E33FD8CFDCE70B5F824" box="[616,728,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="540">slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other species of Asian pipesnakes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F05AC3F179E30FF73FFD17667F89C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494214" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4494214" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494214/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" startId="6.[151,250,1408,1432]" targetBox="[244,1362,190,1353]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F179E30FF73FFD17667F89C" blockId="6.[151,1437,1408,1793]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FF73FFD17379FA05" bold="true" box="[151,276,1408,1432]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood (ML) trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FD69FFD1717DFA05" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[653,784,1408,1432]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FD69FFD1717DFA05" box="[653,784,1408,1432]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Yellow and green circles represent bootstrap support values of 70–94 (moderate support) and 95–100 (strong support), respectively. Clades without circles represent bootstrap values of 0–69 (poor support). Scale bars indicate the estimation of nucleotide substitutions per site. For each terminal, a voucher number and political unit (country) are given. For specimens from Indonesia (ID), island localities are additionally provided. A purple star (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FF44FC4072D4F9BB" bold="true" box="[160,185,1553,1574]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">★</emphasis>
|
||
) represents specimens of the new species described herein.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FCCAFC41712DF9B5" bold="true" box="[814,832,1552,1576]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">A</emphasis>
|
||
) Concatenated ML phylogeny of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FB47FC41774BF9B5" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[1187,1318,1552,1576]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FB47FC41774BF9B5" box="[1187,1318,1552,1576]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
using 16S, ND2, and R35 loci. The shaded clade highlights a Wallacean group containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FC30FC64762CF9D1" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1896" box="[980,1089,1588,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FC30FC647188F9D1" box="[980,997,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FC10FC65762CF9D1" box="[1012,1089,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">isolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FBB4FC6476B3F9D1" authorityName="Roux" authorityYear="1911" box="[1104,1246,1588,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FBB4FC64760CF9D1" box="[1104,1121,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FB94FC6576B3F9D1" box="[1136,1246,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FAFFFC6477F8F9D1" authorityName="Smith & Sidik" authorityYear="1998" box="[1307,1429,1588,1612]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamdena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FAFFFC647741F9D1" box="[1307,1324,1589,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FADEFC6577F8F9D1" box="[1338,1429,1588,1612]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">yamdena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FF73FC0872AAF9EC" bold="true" box="[151,199,1625,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">B–D</emphasis>
|
||
) ML genealogies using 16S (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FE16FC08706EF9EC" bold="true" box="[498,515,1625,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">B</emphasis>
|
||
), ND2 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FDB3FC097004F9ED" bold="true" box="[599,617,1624,1648]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C</emphasis>
|
||
), and R35 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FD06FC087099F9EC" bold="true" box="[738,756,1625,1649]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">D</emphasis>
|
||
). Photo credits:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FC7FFC09770BF9EC" authority=": Ruchira Somaweera" authorityName="Ruchira Somaweera" box="[923,1382,1624,1649]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FC7FFC0976E1F9ED" box="[923,1164,1624,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
: Ruchira Somaweera
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation/CSIRO);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FC76FC2D7678F909" authority="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke, 2020" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[914,1045,1660,1684]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FC76FC2D7678F909" box="[914,1045,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FBF9FC2C761DF908" bold="true" box="[1053,1136,1661,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207344D3F179E30FBF9FC2C761DF908" box="[1053,1136,1661,1685]" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype designated herein, CAS 241554): Justin M. Bernstein (Rutgers University-Newark);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FCD4FCF0767CF925" authority=": Hla Tun" authorityName="Hla Tun" box="[816,1041,1696,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FCD4FCF071DFF925" box="[816,946,1696,1720]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C. burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
: Hla Tun
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(photograph registered and archived at CAS: ID: MHS_209);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FE9AFC94701CF941" authority=": Teo Eng Wah" authorityName="Teo Eng Wah" box="[382,625,1732,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jodiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FE9AFC9473B6F941" box="[382,475,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C. jodiae</emphasis>
|
||
: Teo Eng Wah
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(University of Malaya);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FC8BFC9476C1F941" authority=": Jimmy A. McGuire" box="[879,1196,1732,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FC8BFC9471B7F941" box="[879,986,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C. isolepis</emphasis>
|
||
: Jimmy A. McGuire
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MVZ);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FAEEFC947378F89D" authority=": Sven Mecke" authorityName="Sven Mecke" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FAEEFC9477F8F941" box="[1290,1429,1732,1756]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
: Sven Mecke
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Naturkundemuseum Paderborn);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F179E30FD92FCB871C3F89D" authority=": Ron E. Johnstone" box="[630,942,1768,1792]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="541" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamdena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F179E30FD92FCB87083F89D" box="[630,750,1768,1792]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="541">C. yamdena</emphasis>
|
||
: Ron E. Johnstone
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WAM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F05AC3F169E31FF73FD767122F869" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494220" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4494220" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494220/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" startId="7.[151,250,1831,1855]" targetBox="[157,1429,181,1808]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F169E31FF73FD767122F869" blockId="7.[151,1436,1831,2036]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F169E31FF73FD767378F8DD" bold="true" box="[151,277,1831,1856]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Concatenated (left) and species (right) trees of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F169E31FCEFFD7971E3F8DD" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[779,910,1832,1856]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F169E31FCEFFD7971E3F8DD" box="[779,910,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Open circles (○) indicate ML bootstrap values of 70–94; filled circles (●) represent ML bootstrap values of 95–100 (concatenated) or PP of 0.95–1 (BEAST). Symbols behind each clade refer to taxa as defined in inset, with symbols for species of the Wallacean clade consistently colored red. In the map, the origins, as political units (countries) or islands, of the specimens used for the phylogenies are shaded, and do not represent the total geographic range of the respective taxon. A purple star (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F169E31FCDEFDE8713EF853" bold="true" box="[826,851,1977,1998]" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">★</emphasis>
|
||
) indicates the type locality of the new species described herein. For country records of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F169E31FDB3FD8D70B7F869" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[599,730,2012,2036]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="542" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F169E31FDB3FD8D70B7F869" box="[599,730,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="542">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see Fig. 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF3F05AC3F199E3EFF73FF247110FA48" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494222" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4494222" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494222/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" startId="8.[151,250,1397,1421]" targetBox="[271,1364,180,1365]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F199E3EFF73FF247110FA48" blockId="8.[151,1436,1397,1493]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFF73FF24737FFA10" bold="true" box="[151,274,1397,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F199E3EFE73FF2470E8FA10" authority="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke, 2020" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[407,645,1397,1421]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFE73FF2470E8FA10" box="[407,645,1397,1421]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Cylindrophis slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFD6EFF2470B7FA10" bold="true" box="[650,730,1397,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A207344D3F199E3EFD6EFF2470B7FA10" box="[650,730,1397,1421]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(CAS 241554) from Kachin State, Myanmar in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) view. The head is shown in lateral (C) and dorsal (D) view, the tail in ventral view (E). The 10 mm and 5 mm scale bars are for panels A+B and C+D+E, respectively. Photos by Justin M. Bernstein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F199E3CFF23FC52711CFC73" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F199E3EFF23FC52765FF818" blockId="8.[151,1437,1539,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFF23FC52707EF980" bold="true" box="[199,531,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F199E3EFE41FC527063F980" box="[421,526,1539,1565]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFDFEFC55701DF980" box="[538,624,1540,1565]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Metrics</emphasis>
|
||
. A relatively short body,
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC68FC527184F983" box="[908,1001,1539,1566]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL +
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFBA7FC5576E8F983" box="[1091,1157,1540,1566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFB2FFC527744F983" box="[1227,1321,1539,1566]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="340.0">340 mm</quantity>
|
||
TTL (
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFA95FC5272AEF9DF" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="336.0">336 mm</quantity>
|
||
in life), tail blunt and very short (2% of SVL); BD
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFCE8FC76710EF9DF" box="[780,867,1575,1602]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2.2% of SVL); head not wider than body, HL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFA9DFC7672AEF9FB" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(2.2% of SVL), HW
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFE5BFC1A707AF9FB" box="[447,535,1611,1638]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="4.9">4.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(66.2% of BD); snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views, relatively long, 2.7 times as long as diameter of the eye, SL
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFD81FC3E70D6F917" box="[613,699,1647,1674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
(45.9% of HL), SW
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC4FFC3E7668F917" box="[939,1029,1647,1674]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; a small eye, ED
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFB29FC3E7749F917" box="[1229,1316,1647,1674]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
(12.1% of HL); IOD
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFEF4FCC27307F933" box="[272,362,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; IND 2.0 mm; rostral height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFD51FCC27163F933" box="[693,782,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC86FCC271D1F933" box="[866,956,1683,1710]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; paired nasals, length of a single nasal
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFA9DFCC272A8F94F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFEFCFCE6731CF94F" box="[280,369,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; paired prefrontals, length of a single prefrontal
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC75FCE67184F94F" box="[913,1001,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFBD8FCE676F8F94F" box="[1084,1173,1719,1746]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
; frontal length 2.0 mm, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFF3BFC8A7355F96B" box="[223,312,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; paired parietals, length of a single parietal
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFCC3FC8A71EDF96B" box="[807,896,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC37FC8A7640F96B" box="[979,1069,1755,1782]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; paired supraoculars, length of a single supraocular
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFE88FCAE73A8F887" box="[364,453,1791,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFDFDFCAE701EF887" box="[537,627,1791,1818]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; postocular length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFCADFCAE71CCF887" box="[841,929,1791,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC18FCAE7638F887" box="[1020,1109,1791,1818]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; anterior temporal length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFA9DFCAE72A8F8A3" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.2">1.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFEF9FD727319F8A3" box="[285,372,1827,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, upper posterior temporal length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFD02FD727150F8A3" box="[742,829,1827,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC71FD727180F8A3" box="[917,1005,1827,1854]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
; mental height
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFB73FD727683F8A3" box="[1175,1262,1827,1854]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFAA4FD7277F5F8A3" box="[1344,1432,1827,1854]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; two pairs of chin shields, anterior chin shield length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFD09FD16712AF8FF" box="[749,839,1863,1890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC7FFD167199F8FF" box="[923,1012,1863,1890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, posterior chin shield length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFADAFD1677F5F8FF" box="[1342,1432,1863,1890]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, width 1.0 mm; mental groove length
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFDD3FD3A70FDF81B" box="[567,656,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="mm" value="3.1">3.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F199E3EFD29FD3A7142F818" box="[717,815,1899,1925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
weighed
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F199E3EFC78FD3A718FF81B" box="[924,994,1899,1926]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.25" pageId="8" pageNumber="543" unit="g" value="12.5">12.5 g</quantity>
|
||
in life.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F199E3EFF23FDDE7721F86C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1539,2034]" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F199E3EFF23FDDE70EAF834" box="[199,647,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">Scale counts and qualitative pholidosis.</emphasis>
|
||
17-19-17 dorsal scale rows; 220 ventrals; eight subcaudals + terminal spine; postnasal, loreal, preocular, and subocular absent; temporal formula 1 + 2; six supralabials, 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F199E3EFB04FDE27683F85C" attach="left" box="[1248,1262,1971,1985]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">rd</superScript>
|
||
and 4
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F199E3EFAD4FDE27750F85C" attach="left" box="[1328,1341,1971,1985]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="543">th</superScript>
|
||
contacting the eye; six infralabials; cloacal scute divided; scales on head, trunk, and tail smooth; apical pits absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F189E3FFF23FAC67738FE68" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFF23FAC6701EFF2D" box="[199,627,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Coloration and pattern in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFD67FAC671FDFF2C" box="[643,912,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">after 11 years in ethanol</emphasis>
|
||
). Dorsal surface Jet Black (300), with 31 transverse Pale Buff (1) to Chamois (84) blotches from nape to tail; blotches may be complete or medially interrupted, if interrupted both parts may alternate; first four blotches approximately one scale wide, blotches covering medial part of the body narrowest, covering scale margins only, last dorsal blotch broad, dorsal blotch on the tail Pale Pinkish Buff (3), merging onto the subcaudal region, tail tip dark; a pale bar runs from the border of the prefrontals with the frontal towards the upper margin of the 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFD80FB1B701FFEC5" attach="left" box="[612,626,330,344]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabials, leaving the margin of the prefrontals with the supraoculars dark; posterior half of 3
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFE46FB3F73DDFEE1" attach="left" box="[418,432,366,380]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">rd</superScript>
|
||
supralabial with a pale blotch, slightly connected with the prefrontal bar on the right side only; margin of 5
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFEBAFBC37306FE3D" attach="left" box="[350,363,402,416]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">th</superScript>
|
||
labial pale; frontal with a pale median blotch; scales on ventral surface of head almost always with pale margins (except for the mental and 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFD7FFBE670CBFE58" attach="left" box="[667,678,439,453]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">st</superScript>
|
||
labials); ground color of venter as for dorsum; 69 pale and very narrow diffuse ventral blotches present, branching, and therefore creating the impression of a diffuse reticulum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F189E3FFF23FBAF77E4FD18" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFF23FBAF7352FD85" bold="true" box="[199,319,510,536]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFE9CFBAE73B5FD84" box="[376,472,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(USNM 590030) differs from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFCBEFBAE71D1FD84" box="[858,956,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(CAS 241554) as follows (metrics of head scales excluded):
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFEB9F87273D4FDA0" box="[349,441,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9699999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="297.0">297 mm</quantity>
|
||
SVL +
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFDEBF872703DFDA0" box="[527,592,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL =
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFD77F8737082FDA0" box="[659,751,546,573]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="305.0">305 mm</quantity>
|
||
TTL; 216 ventrals; 65 pale ventral blotches. In terms of color pattern, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFEF9F8167310FDFC" box="[285,381,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is very similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFD90F81670B7FDFC" box="[628,730,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The bar on the prefrontals is not in contact with the pale color of the supralabials on both sides. All supralabials (except for the 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFC9FF83A71EBFDE4" attach="left" box="[891,902,619,633]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">st</superScript>
|
||
and 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFC2FF83B71B6FDE5" attach="left" box="[971,987,618,632]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">nd</superScript>
|
||
on the right side) have pale markings.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F189E3CFF23F8DF7314FDFC" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1905]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="545" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFF23F8DF7026FD35" bold="true" box="[199,587,654,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFDB7F8DE7131FD34" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[595,860,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFDB7F8DE7131FD34" box="[595,860,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC89F8DE7116FD35" box="[877,891,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2; characters listed in parentheses below), yet alone differs from all congeners by a combination of unique scalation characters, including 17-19-17 dorsal scale rows, a high number of ventrals (216–220), and eight subcaudals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFC73F88676FCFD6D" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1920" box="[919,1169,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aruensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC73F88676FCFD6D" box="[919,1169,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis aruensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses 23 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 173−182 (216−220) ventrals, six or seven (eight) subcaudals, 44 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, and pale stripes on the head, running from the nasals onto the posterior temporals (a pale bar on the prefrontals, no pale markings posterior to the eyes) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFD5FF912711EFCC0" author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[699,883,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="108 - 111" refId="ref11328" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1920) Descriptions of four new snakes in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 6, 108 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932008632417" type="journal article" year="1920">Boulenger 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFC9AF9127655FCC0" author="McDowell, S. B." box="[894,1080,834,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref14199" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1975) A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part II. Anilioidea and Pythoninae. Journal of Herpetology, 9 (1), 1 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1562691" type="journal article" year="1975">McDowell 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFBA7F91276D3FCC0" author="Lang, R." box="[1091,1214,835,861]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" refId="ref13668" refString="Lang, R., de (2013) The Snakes of the Moluccas (Maluku), Indonesia. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main, 417 pp." type="book" year="2013">Lang 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFB2CF91272B9FC1C" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFA80F91277F8FCC0" box="[1380,1429,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFF01F9367398FC1C" box="[229,501,871,897]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFF01F9367398FC1C" box="[229,501,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFDE1F936707EFC1D" box="[517,531,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4) possesses 195−204 (216−220) ventrals, five or six (eight) subcaudals, 48−54 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, and pale wavelike markings along the labials that may run onto the prefrontals but are never connected to form a bar (no wavelike markings on the labials, a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFAEFF9FE736AFC70" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFAEFF9FE736AFC70" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFEF2F9827349FC71" box="[278,292,979,1004]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20) possesses 190−
|
||
<superScript id="7C35F86C3F189E3FFDF1F9827025FC7D" attach="left" box="[533,584,978,1005]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">2202</superScript>
|
||
[median = 209] (216−220; median = 218) ventrals, four to seven (eight) subcaudals, and 29−61 (65−69) pale ventral blotches.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFD2AF9A67199FB8C" authorityName="Stuebing" authorityYear="1994" box="[718,1012,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="engkariensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFD2AF9A67199FB8C" box="[718,1012,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis engkariensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFBE0F9A6767FFB8D" box="[1028,1042,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) possesses 17 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 230 (216−220) ventrals, five (eight) subcaudals, rugose (smooth) dorsals on the tail, 45 (65–69) pale ventral blotches, a dorsal pattern of two paravertebral rows of dark spots (transverse pale dorsolateral blotches), a pale postocular streak (no postocular streak), and dark prefrontals (a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFAEFFE327280FB3C" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="isolepis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFAEFFE327280FB3C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis isolepis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFF18FED67367FB3D" box="[252,266,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2) is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFC6CFED77189FB3C" box="[904,996,1158,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFC15FED6763CFB3C" box="[1009,1105,1159,1185]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
; see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFB67FED677F8FB3C" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." box="[1155,1429,1158,1185]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFAFAFED67723FB3C" box="[1310,1358,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and possesses 21 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, five or six (eight) subcaudals, nasals that are separated by the rostral (nasals in contact), 27−35 (65–69) pale ventral blotches that are reddish in living specimens, and no markings on the dorsal surface of the head (a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFC92FEA27638FA90" box="[886,1109,1267,1293]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jodiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC92FEA27638FA90" box="[886,1109,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis jodiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFB83FEA27618FA91" box="[1127,1141,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 90) is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFDEAFF467001FAAC" box="[526,620,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.859999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="786.0">786 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFD9EFF4670B7FAAC" box="[634,730,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possesses 21 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 177−201 (216−220) ventrals, five to seven (eight) subcaudals, 30−55 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, pale wavelike markings along the labials or heavily blotched labials (labials without prominent pattern), and dark prefrontals (a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFEB7FFD2702BFA00" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1881" box="[339,582,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lineatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFEB7FFD2702BFA00" box="[339,582,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis lineatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFDB3FFD27008FA01" box="[599,613,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1) is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFAE7FFD2770CFA00" box="[1283,1377,1411,1437]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.13" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="713.0">713 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFA95FFD272A9FA5C" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possesses 21 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 210−218 (216−220) ventrals, 31 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, a dorsal pattern of stripes that are red and black in living specimens (transverse pale dorsolateral blotches), a pale dorsal surface of head and tail, both being red in living specimens (no extensively colored dorsal surface of head and tail), and dark markings on the temporals and parietals (head uniformly dark with a pale bar on the prefrontals) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFE85FC667015F9CC" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." box="[353,632,1590,1617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFE19FC667058F9CC" box="[509,565,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFD6DFC6671F9F9CC" box="[649,916,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFD6DFC6671F9F9CC" box="[649,916,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis maculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC47FC6671DCF9CD" box="[931,945,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 36) possesses 27−49 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, a dorsal pattern of large and roundish, paired pale blotches separated by a narrow dark network, with the blotches being reddish-brown in living specimens (very narrow and widely separated transverse pale blotches on a dark dorsum), and prefrontals that lack a pale bar (a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFBEFFCF27779F920" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1828" box="[1035,1300,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanotus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFBEFFCF27779F920" box="[1035,1300,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis melanotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFAC0FCF2775FF921" box="[1316,1330,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 39) is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFD53FC96717EF97C" box="[695,787,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.779999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="678.0">678 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F189E3FFCC5FC967112F97C" box="[801,895,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possesses 228−268 (216−220) ventrals and 38−63 dark blotches on a pale-colored venter that is reddish or white in living specimens (65−69 very narrow diffuse pale blotches on a dark-colored venter).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFD6DFD5E71ADF8B4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1897" box="[649,960,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="opisthorhodus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFD6DFD5E71ADF8B4" box="[649,960,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis opisthorhodus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC2BFD5E71B0F8B5" box="[975,989,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 6) possesses 23 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 185−210 (216−220) ventrals, four to seven (eight) subcaudals, 46−61 (65−69) pale ventral blotches, a pale dorsum with dark speckles forming two paravertebral rows and occasionally a discontinuous vertebral line (very narrow transverse pale blotches on a dark dorsum), and dark speckles on the pale dorsal surface of the head (head uniformly dark with a pale bar on the prefrontals) (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFC61FAEA76CEFF48" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." box="[901,1187,186,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFBC1FAEA7633FF48" box="[1061,1118,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFB52FAEA77F0FF48" authorityName="Kieckbusch, Mader, Kaiser, & Mecke" authorityYear="2018" box="[1206,1437,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="osheai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFB52FAEA77F0FF48" box="[1206,1437,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis osheai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF45FA8E72C2FF65" box="[161,175,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3) possesses 224–226 (216–220) ventrals, 25−28 dark ventral blotches, aligned to form a broad wavy stripe along most of the otherwise pale underside (venter almost entirely black with 65–69 diffuse pale blotches), and no pale bar on the prefrontals (a pale bar on the prefrontals).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFCC6FB767196FEDC" box="[802,1019,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFCC6FB767196FEDC" box="[802,1019,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis ruffus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFBE9FB767676FEDD" box="[1037,1051,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 244), as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFAFCFB767348FEFB" author="Kieckbusch, M. & Mecke, S. & Hartmann, L. & Ehrmantraut, L. & O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H." pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref13328" refString="Kieckbusch, M., Mecke, S., Hartmann, L., Ehrmantraut, L., O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H. (2016) An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768). Zootaxa, 4093 (1), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Kieckbusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF73FB1A72BDFEF8" box="[151,208,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2016)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F1B9E3CFC6FFB1B7184FEF8" box="[907,1001,330,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.57" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="857.0">857 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F1B9E3CFC1CFB1A7635FEF8" box="[1016,1112,331,357]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possesses five to seven (eight) subcaudals and 33−66 (65–69) pale ventral blotches.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFCDDFB3E763EFE14" authorityName="Kieckbusch, Mecke, Hartmann, Ehrmantraut, O'Shea & Kaiser" authorityYear="2016" box="[825,1107,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subocularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFCDDFB3E763EFE14" box="[825,1107,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis subocularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFB87FB3E761CFE15" box="[1123,1137,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9) possesses a subocular scale (no subocular scale), 190−196 (216−220) ventrals, six or seven (eight) subcaudals, and 40−48 pale ventral blotches that are usually as broad as the dark blotches (65–69 very narrow diffuse pale blotches that are widely separated by dark color).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFE5DFB8A70DAFE68" box="[441,695,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yamdena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFE5DFB8A70DAFE68" box="[441,695,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis yamdena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFD2CFB8A70BBFE69" box="[712,726,475,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 5) is a relatively large species with a maximum SVL of
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F1B9E3CFA96FB8A72AEFD84" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.709999999999999" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="671.0">671 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F1B9E3CFF36FBAE735CFD84" box="[210,305,511,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3299999999999996" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" unit="mm" value="333.0">333 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and possesses 21 (19) dorsal scale rows at midbody, 183−195 (216−220) ventrals, and no pattern on the dorsal surface of the body and no ventral blotches in adults (a pale bar on the prefrontals, pale blotches on the dorsum and venter).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<footnote id="E85B492A3F189E3FFF73FDD676A5F866" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F189E3FFF73FDD676A5F866" blockId="9.[151,1437,1927,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">
|
||
2 Among the
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D469EAD3F189E3FFED9FDD673ABF802" box="[317,454,1927,1951]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFE01FDD670BEF802" box="[485,723,1927,1951]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFE01FDD670BEF802" box="[485,723,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we have examined, only a single specimen (BMNH 1908.6.23.3;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFA8CFDD6734BF823" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) has a ventral count (= 220) that falls within the range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F189E3FFC85FDF7718EF823" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[865,995,1958,1982]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC85FDF7711FF820" box="[865,882,1958,1981]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFC9AFDF7718EF823" box="[894,995,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The second highest count in our specimens was 214 ventrals. BMNH 1925.12.22.4 (
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F189E3FFDB9FD957084F841" box="[605,745,1988,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) was stated to possess 225 ventrals by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFB8EFD95771FF841" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." box="[1130,1394,1988,2012]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F189E3FFB12FD94774CF841" box="[1270,1313,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="544">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, but has only 214 ventrals (see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F189E3FFDE7FDB27012F866" author="Wall, F." box="[515,639,2019,2043]" pageId="9" pageNumber="544" pagination="558 - 566" refId="ref16237" refString="Wall, F. (1926) Snakes collected in Burma in 1925. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31 (3), 558 - 566." type="journal article" year="1926">Wall (1926)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who provided a count of 212 ventrals for this specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</footnote>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23F83B711CFC73" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF23F83B7123FD19" bold="true" box="[199,846,618,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Geographic distribution, habitat, and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFCB2F83A7632FD18" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[854,1119,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFCB2F83A7632FD18" box="[854,1119,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might have a more isolated distribution with regard to the other species of the genus and is only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFBDBF8DE7602FD34" box="[1087,1135,655,681]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFAB5F8DE72AEFD50" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
near Indawgyi Lake (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B49A13F1B9E3CFE5DF8E27390FD50" box="[441,509,690,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[177,1402,189,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[177,1410,181,1394]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Collection localities of the specimens of Cylindrophis burmanus (green symbols) and Cylindrophis slowinskii (blue circles) used for our molecular analyses. Symbols in the maps correspond to the ones used for the different clades in the accompanying tree. Major clades of C. burmanus are distinguished by green circles and squares. The orange diamond represents the collection locality of the lectotype of C. burmanus (BMNH 1940.3.3.1 from Yangon (Rangoon); specimen not included in phylogenetic analysis). In the country map of Myanmar, higher elevations appear in brighter and lower elevations in darker shades of green; the Chindwin and Irrawaddy Rivers are marked in yellow and purple, respectively; the Arakan Mountain range is highlighted with yellow triangles. The satellite map is a detailed magnification of the area shaded purple in the country map. An arrow in the inset map indicates where the Irrawaddy splits into its delta. Note that the three green squares in the satellite image represent near-overlapping localities of the southern population of C. burmanus that appear as a single symbol in the larger map. Satellite map obtained from Google Earth v7.3.2.5776: Image © 2019 TerraMetrics Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Map prepared by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494224/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). As the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFD84F8E270FDFD50" box="[608,656,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens were found under logs in forests,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFB6EF8E27776FD50" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1162,1307,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFB6EF8E27776FD50" box="[1162,1307,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C. slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assumed to be a secretive forest-dweller with a semi-fossorial lifestyle, as typical for most species of Asian pipesnakes. Due to the limited number of available specimens, the complete geographic distribution and biogeographic history of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFF73F94E7341FCA4" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,300,799,825]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF73F94E72C7FCA4" box="[151,170,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF5DF94E7341FCA4" box="[185,300,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain. However, the physiography of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFC60F94E719EFCA4" box="[900,1011,799,825]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, especially
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFB91F94E7765FCA4" box="[1141,1288,799,825]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is characterized by scattered stretches of mountains that may act as dispersal and gene flow barriers for species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFAE3F91277F8FCC0" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1287,1429,835,861]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFAE3F91277F8FCC0" box="[1287,1429,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Additionally, major rivers such as the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFDB3F93670A7FC1C" box="[599,714,871,897]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
River, and its largest tributary, the Chindwin River, may also largely act as barriers to gene flow. These biogeographic hypotheses, however, can only be tested using more complex analyses, divergence dating estimates, and a more complete sampling of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFBB4F9FE768BFC54" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1104,1254,943,969]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFBB4F9FE768BFC54" box="[1104,1254,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C. slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the closely related
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFF09F98273EDFC70" box="[237,384,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF09F982736DFC70" box="[237,256,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFEEAF98273EDFC70" box="[270,384,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see “Remarks on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFD61F98270DBFC70" box="[645,694,979,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series”, below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F1B9E3CFF23F9A67743FB3C" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23F9A671E5FBE0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF23F9A6733CFB8C" bold="true" box="[199,337,1015,1041]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a patronym to honour the American herpetologist Joseph Bruno “Joe” Slowinski (1962–2001) and his pioneering work on herpetofauna, especially in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFBF9FE4A76E1FBA8" box="[1053,1164,1051,1077]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In 2001, Joe led a multidisciplinary expedition to
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFE29FE6E700CFBC4" box="[461,609,1087,1113]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFD88FE6E70B6FBC4" box="[620,731,1087,1113]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFCF4FE6E712DFBC4" box="[784,832,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality of the new species described herein. For biographical details see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFE65FE3270D8FBE0" author="Donnelly, M. A. & Crother, B. I." box="[385,693,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="424 - 428" refId="ref11993" refString="Donnelly, M. A. & Crother, B. I. (2003) Joseph Bruno Slowinski 1962 - 2001. Copeia, 2003 (2), 424 - 428. https: // doi. org / 10.1643 / 0045 - 8511 (2003) 003 [0424: JBS] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2003">Donnelly & Crother (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFD0FFE3271E9FBE0" author="James, J." box="[747,900,1123,1149]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" refId="ref13230" refString="James, J. (2008) The Snake Charmer: A Life and Death in Pursuit of Knowledge. Hachette UK, London, 288 pp." type="book" year="2008">James (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23FED77743FB3C" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1326,1158,1186]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF23FED7706AFB3C" bold="true" box="[199,519,1158,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Suggested common names.</emphasis>
|
||
Slowinski’s pipesnake (English), Slowinski-Walzenschlange (German),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35A06AF3F1B9E3CFF23FEFA7363F840" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23FEFA73DCFA03" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF23FEFA7679FB58" bold="true" box="[199,1044,1194,1221]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
Remarks on the type series of the closely allied
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFD1EFEFB7661FB58" box="[762,1036,1194,1221]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFD1EFEFB7661FB58" bold="true" box="[762,1036,1194,1221]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The Asian pipesnake
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFAEFFEFA736AFB74" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFAEFFEFA736AFB74" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was originally described as a subspecies of “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFCE7FE9E7109FB74" box="[771,868,1231,1257]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ruffus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFCE7FE9E717BFB74" box="[771,790,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFCC7FE9E7109FB74" box="[803,868,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">ruffus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” by Malcolm Arthur Smith (1875–1958) based on an unspecified number of vouchers. The distributional range of this new taxon was given as “Tenasserim and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFAB4FEA277F1FA90" box="[1360,1436,1267,1293]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
as far North as Myitkyina” (today’s
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFDC9FF4670F1FAAC" box="[557,668,1303,1329]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
) without the restriction of a precise type locality.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFB23FF46728FFAC8" author="Amarasinghe, A. A. T. & Campbell, P. D. & Hallermann, J. & Sidik, I. & Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I." pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="34 - 51" refId="ref10785" refString="Amarasinghe, A. A. T., Campbell, P. D., Hallermann, J., Sidik, I., Supriatna, J. & Ineich, I. (2015) Two new species of the genus Cylindrophis Wagler, 1828 (Squamata: Cylindrophiidae) from Southeast Asia. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 9 (1), 34 - 51." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Amarasinghe
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFA80FF4677F8FAAC" box="[1380,1429,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
designated a
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFE9BFF6A738BFAC8" box="[383,486,1339,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(BMNH 1940.3.3.1) from “the presumed type series” (i.e., the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFB5FFF6A7772FAC8" box="[1211,1311,1339,1365]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
) and listed five additional specimens housed in the collection of the BMNH that they designated as
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFB6BFF0E775CFAE4" box="[1167,1329,1375,1401]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="paralectotype">paralectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(see also
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFF73FFD273C8FA03" author="Kieckbusch, M. & Mecke, S. & Hartmann, L. & Ehrmantraut, L. & O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H." box="[151,421,1411,1438]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="1 - 25" refId="ref13328" refString="Kieckbusch, M., Mecke, S., Hartmann, L., Ehrmantraut, L., O'Shea, M. & Kaiser, H. (2016) An inconspicuous, conspicuous new species of Asian pipesnake, genus Cylindrophis (Reptilia: Squamata: Cylindrophiidae), from the south coast of Jawa Tengah, Java, Indonesia, and an overview of the tangled taxonomic history of C. ruffus (Laurenti, 1768). Zootaxa, 4093 (1), 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4093.1.1" type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Kieckbusch
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFEC6FFD27339FA00" box="[290,340,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23FFF67667F9B0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFEDDFFF673A4FA5C" author="Smith, M. A." box="[313,457,1447,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" refId="ref15635" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; probably based on
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFD49FFF67153FA5C" author="Wall, F." box="[685,830,1446,1473]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="805 - 821" refId="ref16204" refString="Wall, F. (1925) Notes on snakes collected in Burma in 1924. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 30 (4), 805 - 821." type="journal article" year="1925">Wall (1925))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed Tenasserim, today’s
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFB95FFF67723FA5C" box="[1137,1358,1447,1473]" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Tanintharyi Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, as the southern limit for the distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFDCCFF9A7147FA78" box="[552,810,1483,1509]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFDCCFF9A7147FA78" box="[552,810,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we were not able to confirm the presence of this species south of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFEC5FFBE73F9F994" box="[289,404,1519,1545]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
Delta based on voucher specimens. A single, more recent record (JMB & SM, pers. obs.) for an Asian pipesnake from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFE38FC4270D8F9B0" box="[476,693,1555,1581]" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Tanintharyi Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
can be identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFC78FC42766EF9B0" box="[924,1027,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jodiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFC78FC4271C2F9B0" box="[924,943,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFC59FC42766EF9B0" box="[957,1027,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">jodiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFF55243F1B9E3CFF23FC667363F840" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFF18FC66730EF9CC" box="[252,355,1591,1617]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(definitive type) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFDA8FC66713BF9CC" box="[588,854,1591,1617]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFDA8FC66713BF9CC" box="[588,854,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Cylindrophis burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFBA4FC6676FBF9CC" box="[1088,1174,1591,1617]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Yangon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(today’s
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFAE7FC667701F9CC" box="[1283,1388,1591,1617]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Rangoon</collectingRegion>
|
||
; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B49A13F1B9E3CFF73FC0A72B4F9E8" box="[151,217,1626,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[177,1402,189,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[177,1410,181,1394]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Collection localities of the specimens of Cylindrophis burmanus (green symbols) and Cylindrophis slowinskii (blue circles) used for our molecular analyses. Symbols in the maps correspond to the ones used for the different clades in the accompanying tree. Major clades of C. burmanus are distinguished by green circles and squares. The orange diamond represents the collection locality of the lectotype of C. burmanus (BMNH 1940.3.3.1 from Yangon (Rangoon); specimen not included in phylogenetic analysis). In the country map of Myanmar, higher elevations appear in brighter and lower elevations in darker shades of green; the Chindwin and Irrawaddy Rivers are marked in yellow and purple, respectively; the Arakan Mountain range is highlighted with yellow triangles. The satellite map is a detailed magnification of the area shaded purple in the country map. An arrow in the inset map indicates where the Irrawaddy splits into its delta. Note that the three green squares in the satellite image represent near-overlapping localities of the southern population of C. burmanus that appear as a single symbol in the larger map. Satellite map obtained from Google Earth v7.3.2.5776: Image © 2019 TerraMetrics Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Map prepared by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494224/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
), the most famous port in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFDC7FC0A70FBF9E8" box="[547,662,1627,1653]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
Delta, and capital of all
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFC40FC0A767CF9E8" box="[932,1041,1627,1653]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFBFBFC0A7602F9E8" box="[1055,1135,1627,1653]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
) from 1886 to 2005. Based on its collection locality, this specimen likely belongs to the population that is found in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFB56FC2E7748F904" box="[1202,1317,1663,1689]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
Delta and east of the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFEF6FCF273E8F920" box="[274,389,1699,1725]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
River and that we identified using molecular genetic methods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137B49A13F1B9E3CFBAAFCF276FEF920" box="[1102,1171,1698,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1418,1442]" captionTargetBox="[177,1402,189,1394]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[177,1410,181,1394]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Collection localities of the specimens of Cylindrophis burmanus (green symbols) and Cylindrophis slowinskii (blue circles) used for our molecular analyses. Symbols in the maps correspond to the ones used for the different clades in the accompanying tree. Major clades of C. burmanus are distinguished by green circles and squares. The orange diamond represents the collection locality of the lectotype of C. burmanus (BMNH 1940.3.3.1 from Yangon (Rangoon); specimen not included in phylogenetic analysis). In the country map of Myanmar, higher elevations appear in brighter and lower elevations in darker shades of green; the Chindwin and Irrawaddy Rivers are marked in yellow and purple, respectively; the Arakan Mountain range is highlighted with yellow triangles. The satellite map is a detailed magnification of the area shaded purple in the country map. An arrow in the inset map indicates where the Irrawaddy splits into its delta. Note that the three green squares in the satellite image represent near-overlapping localities of the southern population of C. burmanus that appear as a single symbol in the larger map. Satellite map obtained from Google Earth v7.3.2.5776: Image © 2019 TerraMetrics Data SIO, NOAA, U.S. Navy, NGA, GEBCO. Map prepared by Justin M. Bernstein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4494224" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4494224/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Among all the vouchers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFF3AFC96731DF97C" box="[222,368,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF3AFC96729CF97C" box="[222,241,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFEE4FC96731DF97C" box="[256,368,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we have examined (
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFDBEFC967005F97D" box="[602,616,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 20; see “Appendix 2”), only a single specimen (BMNH 1925.12.22.4;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFF73FCBA735DF89B" box="[151,304,1771,1798]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) was collected from the temperate hilly zone in northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35715B43F1B9E3CFC53FCBA7649F898" box="[951,1060,1771,1797]" name="Myanmar" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
that is enclosed by the Chindwin and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49849BC63F1B9E3CFF2CFD5E7356F8B4" box="[200,315,1807,1833]" country="Myanmar" name="Ayeyawady" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">Irrawaddy</collectingRegion>
|
||
Rivers (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD128D53F1B9E3CFE2EFD5E7030F8B7" author="Wall, F." box="[458,605,1807,1834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" pagination="558 - 566" refId="ref16237" refString="Wall, F. (1926) Snakes collected in Burma in 1925. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 31 (3), 558 - 566." type="journal article" year="1926">Wall (1926))</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and only ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CB8F8C13F1B9E3CFD07FD5F7140F8B4" box="[739,813,1806,1833]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
away from the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFB73FD5E7744F8B4" authorityName="Bernstein & Bauer & Mcguire & Arida & Kaiser & Kieckbusch & Mecke" authorityYear="2020" box="[1175,1321,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="slowinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFB73FD5E76C7F8B4" box="[1175,1194,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFB5DFD5E7744F8B4" box="[1209,1321,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">slowinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the latter located at the western side of Indawgyi Lake. Indawgyi Lake is enclosed by hilly country as well, with the Loipyet Range acting as a potential barrier to the east. The collection locality of BMNH 1925.12.22.4 (Sahmaw; part of the Myitkyina District when the specimen was collected) is located in the lowlands east of this mountain range. Based on morphology (214 ventrals, seven subcaudals, 52 pale ventral blotches) this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FBEB863F1B9E3CFBB2FDCE7680F824" box="[1110,1261,1951,1977]" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" type="paralectotype">paralectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
identifies as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C402EA73F1B9E3CFA67FDCE736AF840" class="Reptilia" family="Cylindrophiidae" genus="Cylindrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="10" pageNumber="545" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burmanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFA67FDCE77FBF824" box="[1411,1430,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B93489363F1B9E3CFF73FD92736AF840" box="[151,263,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="545">burmanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |