209 lines
27 KiB
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209 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="629063D5C9D2AD0CEEFBCF7D6A0B99CA" ID-DOI="10.5252/z2011n3a3" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546941" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613603788907" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gómez, José Francisco, Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis, Nieves, María Hernández & Stone, Graham Nicholas" docDate="2011" docId="03E487A7AF50276007D0FC9969ADFB71" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.33.3.287-323.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 33 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2011n3a3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B.6:Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="EB3C2C73672D2E883259A050BD27978B" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2011-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Eurytoma timaspidis" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="FFDDFFDFAF4B277C0523FFCB691BFFD8" masterDocTitle="Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe" masterLastPageNumber="323" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="314" updateTime="1698873130332" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E92E8011E084D2E1989E0FF274EFA7CD">Comparative morphology and biology of terminalinstar larvae of some Eurytoma (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) in western Europe</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0BB9946E7E3DC4A17C1FA4235FCA4898" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B64A7FD458AB3922207E03054298D78D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="065B457A6C35F8A287E0134269F276D4">Gómez, José Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D841C30B53068345CBD0AAE91CDB4A5F">Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas (UCM), Departamento de Zoología y Antropología Física, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid (Spain) jf. gomez @ bio. ucm. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E38E27EACD2AEA9F52A442949956D919">Nieves-Aldrey, José Luis</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6A707D1FEE16F38A4B81ABFECB7637A1">Nieves, María Hernández</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7110D91FC2292936DA6AD1A5FDACEDF5">Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, c / José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid (Spain) aldrey @ mncn. csic. es</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD20BE29591371D457631D4D3FA59241">Stone, Graham Nicholas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BF78236BF77D1D92AA289C09FDA69AA">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, The King’s Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH 9 3 JT (United Kingdom) graham. stone @ ed. ac. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDA5E0682496F3FBB7BBF6C9B195D5F5" type="email">stone@ed.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F68F02CDA0FA19290804695E30655088">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="38C68EECAFF3D16AE3B7C340FFFBF28E">
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<mods:date id="69D832B27CEA734CD2FA491BC0FC0AA5">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EE8E0670847E94782708460D18B1DAD2">2011-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="555D22377C81F21DACF1A0294A2D4874">33</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3D090F7EDBB23244282F99B7BDDECEE7" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF50276707D0FC996D70FCB4" box="[755,1131,849,876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF50276707D0FC996D70FCB4" blockId="27.[755,1131,849,876]" box="[755,1131,849,876]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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<heading id="D0BA81DDAF50276707D0FC996D70FCB4" box="[755,1131,849,876]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF50276707D0FC996D70FCB4" ID-CoL="3D85X" authority="(Mayr, 1904)" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[755,1131,849,876]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF50276707D0FC996ACFFCB4" bold="true" box="[755,980,849,876]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Eurytoma timaspidis</emphasis>
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(Mayr, 1904)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5027670786FC406D99FC0F" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5027670786FC406D99FC0F" blockId="27.[675,1209,906,983]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Ex
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<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5027670685FC406D6EFC7A" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1882" box="[934,1141,906,930]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Timaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenixopodos">
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5027670685FC406D6EFC7A" box="[934,1141,906,930]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Timaspis phoenixopodos</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF502767015CFC416DAFFC7A" bold="true" box="[1151,1204,906,930]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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<collectingCountry id="F35A7621AF502767015CFC416DAFFC7A" box="[1151,1204,906,930]" name="Spain" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Spain</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="4989F853AF5027670786FC6E6BEBFC65" box="[677,752,933,957]" country="Spain" name="Madrid" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Madrid</collectingRegion>
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, Dehesa de Arganda,
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<date id="FFF31071AF5027670695FC6E6D3CFC65" box="[950,1063,933,957]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" value="2005-06-29">
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29.
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<collectionCode id="ED5CAE74AF50276706F0FC6E6AF4FC65" box="[979,1007,933,957]" country="Norway" name="Mykotektet, National Veterinary Institute" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">VI</collectionCode>
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.2005
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</date>
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, J. L. Nieves leg (n = 24, of which
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<specimenCount id="9D4BFD38AF5027670670FC746ADAFC0F" box="[851,961,959,983]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="ED5CAE74AF50276706EBFC746D5FFC0F" box="[968,1092,959,983]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">MNHN-EY</collectionCode>
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6409).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5027600786FBDB69F5FE69" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5027670786FBDB6A2EFBF1" blockId="27.[674,1211,1040,1700]" box="[677,821,1040,1067]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5027670786FBE46A6EFAF0" blockId="27.[674,1211,1040,1700]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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n = 24; body length
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(range 1.8-2.7); body width
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<quantity id="4CB59B54AF50276707CAFB846A51FBB2" box="[745,842,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="27" pageNumber="314" unit="mm" value="1.05">1.05 mm</quantity>
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(0.9-1.2) (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5027670698FB846D16FBB2" box="[955,1037,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="12.[677,687,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[712,1174,215,1575]" captionTargetId="figure-428@12.[712,1175,214,1575]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIG. 6.— Ventralviews of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma rufipes Walker, 1832; B, E. sp. nr. aspila; C, E. sp. nr. jaceae; D, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876; E, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546953" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546953/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Figs 6E</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5027670135FB846D2DFBB2" box="[1046,1078,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[677,687,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[731,1154,215,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-407@14.[731,1154,214,1568]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 8.— Lateral views of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma rufipes Walker,1832; B, E. sp. cf. aspila; C, E. sp. cf. jaceae; D, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876; E, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546957/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">8E</figureCitation>
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;
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5027670163FB846D68FBB2" box="[1088,1139,1103,1130]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[113,124,997,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1189,215,954]" captionTargetId="figure-254@22.[134,1189,214,954]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 15. — A, section of a gall of Diplolepis mayri showing a fully-grown larva of Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834; B, cross-section of Xestophanes brevitarsis (Thomson,1877) gall showing fully-grown larva of E. rufipes Walker, 1832 with host larva; C, cross-section of old gall of Aulacidea subterminalis Niblett, 1946 showing fully-grown larva of E. sp. cf. aspila; D, detail of mandibles of E. sp.cf. aspila ex gall of A. subterminalis; E, lateral view of terminal-instar larva of E. strigifrons Thomson,1876 ex gall of Isocolus lichtensteini (Mayr, 1882); F, cross-section of fresh gall of Timaspis phoenixopodos Mayr, 1882 showing fully-grown larvae of E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904); G, larval cell of T. phoenixopodos with terminal-instar larvae of E. timaspidis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546971/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">15G</figureCitation>
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); body more or less fusiform anteriorly and posteriorly; ratio L/W = 1.84; ventral margin of body segments clearly convex; anterodorsal protuberances present from second thoracic segment to the seventh abdominal, and protruding beyond the dorsal margin of body segments (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5027670636FAC66A73FAF0" box="[789,872,1293,1320]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[677,687,1612,1629]" captionTargetBox="[731,1154,215,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-407@14.[731,1154,214,1568]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 8.— Lateral views of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma rufipes Walker,1832; B, E. sp. cf. aspila; C, E. sp. cf. jaceae; D, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876; E, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546957" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546957/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5027670798FAE66A99F9BD" blockId="27.[674,1211,1040,1700]" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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Antero-medial setae of antennal area situated at the same level as antennae; antero-medial setae of vertex situated relatively high on the upper face (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF502767078DFA476A15FA7F" box="[686,782,1420,1447]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="16.[113,124,1209,1226]" captionTargetBox="[280,1043,215,1165]" captionTargetId="figure-276@16.[280,1043,214,1165]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIG. 10. — Anterior views of the head of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma rosae Nees,1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; B, E. rufipes Walker, 1832; C, E. sp. cf. aspila; D, E. sp. cf. jaceae; E, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876; F, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: A-C, 300 μm; D, 200 μm; E, F, 400 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546961/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Fig. 10F</figureCitation>
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); ratios SA/LAA = 0.57 and SA/DAV = 0.65; dorsal-labral setae longer than clypeal setae; ventral margin of clypeus indistinct; labrum with deep divisions almost reaching the level of labral setae; a pair of lateral flaps and five relatively welldifferentiated irregular lobes; maxillary palps conspicuous (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF5027670633F9816A6DF9BD" box="[784,886,1610,1637]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1244,1261]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,215,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-193@18.[242,1082,214,1201]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 12. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma robusta Mayr,1878; B, E. rosae Nees,1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; C, E. rufipes Walker,1832;D, E.sp.cf.aspila; E, E. sp. cf. jaceae; F, E.strigifrons Thomson,1876; G, E.timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: A-E, 100 μm; F, G: 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546965/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5027600798F9A269F5FE69" blockId="27.[674,1211,1040,1700]" lastBlockId="28.[113,646,216,433]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">
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Mandibles with two teeth; tip of the first tooth completely visible (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF50276706A1F9426AF6F97C" box="[898,1005,1673,1700]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="18.[113,124,1244,1261]" captionTargetBox="[242,1082,215,1201]" captionTargetId="figure-193@18.[242,1082,214,1201]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIG. 12. — Anterior views of mouthparts of terminal-instar eurytomidae larvae:A, Eurytoma robusta Mayr,1878; B, E. rosae Nees,1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; C, E. rufipes Walker,1832;D, E.sp.cf.aspila; E, E. sp. cf. jaceae; F, E.strigifrons Thomson,1876; G, E.timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scale bars: A-E, 100 μm; F, G: 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546965" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546965/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="314">Fig. 12G</figureCitation>
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); ratio L/W 1T = 1.77; outer margin of first tooth strongly convex, tip moderately recurved; apex of the second tooth straight, directed upwards in the same direction as the first tooth and rounded; inner margin of mandible, from the base of second tooth, more or less straight with margin not interrupted (
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<figureCitation id="13762A34AF572760055AFE5D69F9FE69" box="[121,226,406,433]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="20.[113,123,1589,1606]" captionTargetBox="[153,1169,215,1545]" captionTargetId="figure-157@20.[153,1169,214,1545]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIG. 13.— Anterior views of the right mandible of terminal-instar eurytomid larvae:A, Eurytoma aspila (Walker,1836) ex Phanacis caulicola; B, E. brunniventris Ratzeburg, 1852 ex Cynips quercus (A); C, E. cynipsea Boheman, 1836 ex Phanacis hypochoeridis; D, E. infracta Mayr, 1904; E, E. mayri Ashmead, 1887; F, E. pediaspisi Pujade i Villar, 1994; G, E. robusta Mayr, 1878; H, E. rosae Nees, 1834 ex Diplolepis rosae; I, E. rufipes Walker, 1832; J, E. sp. cf. aspila; K, E. sp. cf. jaceae; L, E. strigifrons Thomson, 1876 (right mandible); M, E. strigifrons (left mandible); N, E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904). Scales bars: A, D-G, I-N, 50 μm; B, 20 μm; C, H, 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546967/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Fig. 13N</figureCitation>
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||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5727600552FE1E6817FC54" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5727600552FE1E69C9FE36" blockId="28.[112,649,469,908]" box="[113,210,469,496]" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">BIOLOGY</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5727600552FE3E6817FC54" blockId="28.[112,649,469,908]" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">
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||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276005D0FE3D68D1FDD7" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[243,458,501,527]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276005D0FE3D68D1FDD7" box="[243,458,501,527]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Eurytoma timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a polyphagous primary ectoparasitoid associated with several cynipid galls on herbs. It has been recorded from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276005EAFD9F680CFDB6" box="[201,279,596,622]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Isocolus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276005EAFD9F680CFDB6" box="[201,279,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Isocolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600404FD9F689EFDB6" authorityName="Foerster" authorityYear="1860" box="[295,389,596,622]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Phanacis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5727600404FD9F689EFDB6" box="[295,389,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Phanacis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276004E3FD9F6B28FDB6" box="[448,563,596,622]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B40AF5727600559FDBF6859FD57" author="GOMEZ J. F. & HERNANDEZ NIEVES M. & GARRIDO TORRES A. M. & ASKEW R. R. & ALDREY J. L." box="[122,322,628,655]" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" pagination="293 - 331" refId="ref20515" refString="GOMEZ J. F., HERNANDEZ NIEVES M., GARRIDO TORRES A. M., ASKEW R. R. & NIEVES- ALDREY J. L. 2006. - Los Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) asociados con agallas de cinipidos (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) en la Comunidad de Madrid. Graellsia 62: 293 - 331." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Askew
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276005EAFDBF69EDFD56" box="[201,246,628,654]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The specimens in this study were reared from galls of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276004AFFD5F69EFFD16" authority="Mayr, 1882" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Timaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phoenixopodos">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276004AFFD5F6B9CFD75" box="[396,647,659,685]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Timaspis phoenixopodos</emphasis>
|
||
Mayr, 1882
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on stems of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276004ABFD7F6B21FD15" box="[392,570,692,717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Lactuca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viminea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276004ABFD7F6B21FD15" box="[392,570,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Lactuca viminea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) J. Presl & C. Presl (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600407FD186881FD36" box="[292,410,723,750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Fully-grown larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600553FD3869E8FCD4" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[112,243,754,780]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5727600553FD3869E8FCD4" box="[112,243,754,780]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">E. timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
feed actively on gall tissue and enlarge the original host larval cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13762A34AF57276004B1FCD968F4FCF5" box="[402,495,786,813]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="22.[113,124,997,1014]" captionTargetBox="[134,1189,215,954]" captionTargetId="figure-254@22.[134,1189,214,954]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIG. 15. — A, section of a gall of Diplolepis mayri showing a fully-grown larva of Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834; B, cross-section of Xestophanes brevitarsis (Thomson,1877) gall showing fully-grown larva of E. rufipes Walker, 1832 with host larva; C, cross-section of old gall of Aulacidea subterminalis Niblett, 1946 showing fully-grown larva of E. sp. cf. aspila; D, detail of mandibles of E. sp.cf. aspila ex gall of A. subterminalis; E, lateral view of terminal-instar larva of E. strigifrons Thomson,1876 ex gall of Isocolus lichtensteini (Mayr, 1882); F, cross-section of fresh gall of Timaspis phoenixopodos Mayr, 1882 showing fully-grown larvae of E. timaspidis (Mayr, 1904); G, larval cell of T. phoenixopodos with terminal-instar larvae of E. timaspidis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4546971/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Fig. 15F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Fully-grown larvae overwinter inside the gall and the adults emerge in synchrony with the appearance of new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600552FCB969D5FC53" authorityName="Mayr" authorityYear="1881" box="[113,206,882,907]" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Timaspis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5727600552FCB969D5FC53" box="[113,206,882,907]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Timaspis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C357653AAF5727600552FC7B69ADFB71" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5727600552FC7B69CEFC11" blockId="28.[111,646,944,1193]" box="[113,213,944,971]" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">REMARKS</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF236B1AF5727600552FC1B69ADFB71" blockId="28.[111,646,944,1193]" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276005F7FC1A6849FC32" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[212,338,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276005F7FC1A6849FC32" box="[212,338,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">E.timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600710FC1A6B9DFC32" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[563,646,976,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aspila">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5727600710FC1A6B9DFC32" box="[563,646,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">E.aspila</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276005BCFC3A680BFBD2" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1836" box="[159,272,1009,1034]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynipsea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276005BCFC3A680BFBD2" box="[159,272,1009,1034]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">E. cynipsea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having left mandibles with three teeth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF5727600596FBDB6891FBF1" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[181,394,1039,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF5727600596FBDB6891FBF1" box="[181,394,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Eurytoma timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily separated from the others by its clearly two-toothed right mandibles;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF572760054CFB9B685AFBB1" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1904" box="[111,321,1103,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="timaspidis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF572760054CFB9B685AFBB1" box="[111,321,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">Eurytoma timaspidis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D32AF57276004EAFB9B6B23FBB1" authorityName="Boheman" authorityYear="1836" box="[457,568,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Eurytomidae" genus="Eurytoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cynipsea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B939EAA3AF57276004EAFB9B6B23FBB1" box="[457,568,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="315">E. cynipsea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by having a relatively shorter second mandible tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |