treatments-xml/data/03/DD/33/03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5" ID-ISSN="1776-100X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814899" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1681174563244" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wang, Xiang-Hua, Das, Kanad, Bera, Ishika, Chen, Yu-Hui, Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad, Ghosh, Aniket, Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel, Hofstetter, Valérie, Parihar, Arvind, Vizzini, Alfredo, Xu, Tai-Min &amp; Zhao, Chang-Lin" docDate="2019" docId="03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB" docLanguage="en" docName="CryptogamieMycologie.40.5.57-95.pdf" docOrigin="Cryptogamie, Mycologie 20 (5)" docSource="https://bioone.org/journals/cryptogamie-mycologie/volume-40/issue-5/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5/Fungal-Biodiversity-Profiles-81-90/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5.full" docStyle="DocumentStyle:81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653.1:CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleId="81F49AB8619EB7E5D11A6328441E2653" docStyleName="CryptogamieMycologie.2019-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Russula clavatohyphata R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das 2019, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="88" masterDocId="FFE44B51EF7E584EFFD4FFE0C4635A44" masterDocTitle="Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81 - 90" masterLastPageNumber="95" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="84" updateTime="1681391976158" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Fungal Biodiversity Profiles 81 - 90</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wang, Xiang-Hua</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,) xhwang @ mail. kib. ac. cn</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">xhwang@mail.kib.ac</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Das, Kanad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bera, Ishika</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 (India) daskanadbsi @ gmail. com iamishika 6 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">daskanadbsi@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chen, Yu-Hui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224 (China)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Bhatt, Rajendra Prasad</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ghosh, Aniket</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany &amp; Microbiology, H. N. B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand (India) bhatt. rajendra 123 @ gmail. com ghosh. aniket 87 @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hembrom, Manoj Emanuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 (India) manojhembrom @ yahoo. co. in</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">manojhembrom@yahoo.co.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hofstetter, Valérie</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Protection, Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil - ACW, Rte De Duiller, CH- 1260 Nyon 1 (Switzerland) valerie. hofstetter @ agroscope. admin. ch</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">hofstetter@agroscope.admin.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Parihar, Arvind</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Cryptogamic Unit, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah 711103 (India) arvind _ peace @ rediffmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">peace@rediffmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Vizzini, Alfredo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale P. A. Mattioli 25, I- 10125 Torino (Italy) alfredo. vizzini @ unito. it</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">vizzini@unito.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Xu, Tai-Min</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Life Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224 (China)</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Zhao, Chang-Lin</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>College of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilisation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224 (China) fungichanglinz @ 163. com</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>Cryptogamie, Mycologie</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2019-08-27</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>5</mods:number>
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
<mods:end>95</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://bioone.org/journals/cryptogamie-mycologie/volume-40/issue-5/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5/Fungal-Biodiversity-Profiles-81-90/10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5.full</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5252/cryptogamie-mycologie2019v40a5</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1776-100X</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7814899</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="29.[196,712,215,274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="4">
89. 
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4TRS8" ID-ENA="2755453" authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[348,601,215,242]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[630,712,248,274]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[387,520,279,306]" box="[387,520,279,306]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[387,520,279,306]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
(
<figureCitation box="[394,511,279,306]" captionStart-0="FIG" captionStart-1="FIG" captionStart-2="FIG" captionStartId-0="30.[132,143,1940,1958]" captionStartId-1="31.[129,140,1963,1981]" captionStartId-2="32.[133,144,1986,2004]" captionTargetBox-0="[132,1456,198,1895]" captionTargetBox-1="[131,1454,215,1878]" captionTargetBox-2="[168,1433,221,1878]" captionTargetId-0="graphics-98@30.[132,1455,234,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure-88@31.[131,1454,215,1878]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@32.[132,1455,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="32" captionText-0="FIG. 19. — Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood approach (ML) in raxmlGUI 1.2 (Stamatakis et al.2008; Silvestro &amp; Michalak 2012) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. One thousand bootstrap replicates were analyzed to obtain the nodal support values. Bootstrap support values (&gt;70%) are shown above or below the branches at nodes. The Indian specimens of Russula clavatohyphata R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das, sp. nov., with GenBank Accession Numbers are shown in bold red." captionText-1="FIG. 20. — Russula clavatohyphata R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das, sp. nov. (AG 15-756): A-D, fresh and sectioned basidiomata in the field and basecamp; E-G, radial section through pileipellis showing elements; H-K, transverse section through lamellae showing pleurocystidia; L, SEM micrograph of basidiospores. Scale bars: A, 50 mm; E-K, 10 µm; L, 3 µm." captionText-2="FIG. 21. — Russula clavatohyphata R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das, sp. nov. (AG 15-756): A, sectioned basidiome; B, basidiospores; C, hyphal extremities at the pileus surface; D, pleurocystidia; E, cheilocystidia; F,basidia. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B-F, 10 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7825664" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814935" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814937" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7825664/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7814935/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7814937/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Figs 19-21</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[131,777,336,413]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
Differs from 
<taxonomicName authority="Peck" authorityName="Peck" box="[271,449,336,360]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteobasis">
<emphasis box="[271,395,336,360]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">R. luteobasis</emphasis>
Peck
</taxonomicName>
essentially by the reddish pink coloration of the stipe and the slightly more ellipsoid spores, as well as because of its association with 
<taxonomicName authority="Sarg." authorityName="Sarg." box="[455,668,389,413]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis box="[455,612,389,413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pinus roxburghii</emphasis>
Sarg.
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="29.[131,775,436,540]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
TYPUS. — 
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2015-07-27" collectionCode="CAL" collectorName="Aniket Ghosh" country="India" elevation="1651" latitude="30.265917" location="Rudraprayag" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.06198" municipality="Utttarakhand" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" specimenCode="CAL 1756" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[247,300,438,462]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry box="[247,300,438,462]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingMunicipality box="[315,455,436,460]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Utttarakhand</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB:8EABD4E4EF635853FE00FE54C6365B88" box="[468,597,436,460]" country="India" latitude="30.265917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.06198" municipality="Utttarakhand" name="Rudraprayag" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Rudraprayag</location>
district, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DD3329EF63586FFEE6FF37C0DA59CB:8EABD4E4EF635853FD60FE54C4D65BA3" country="India" latitude="30.265917" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="79.06198" municipality="Utttarakhand" name="Hariyali Devi" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Hariyali Devi</location>
forest, 
<geoCoordinate box="[255,386,463,487]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="15.955" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="30.265917">30°15.955’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[396,522,463,487]" degrees="79" direction="east" minutes="03.719" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="79.06198">79°03.719’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[532,609,463,487]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6509999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1651.0">
<elevation box="[532,609,463,487]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6509999999999998" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1651.0">1651 m</elevation>
</quantity>
asl., under 
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pinus roxburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in temperate pure coniferous forest, 
<date box="[577,701,489,513]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2015-07-27">
<collectingDate box="[577,701,489,513]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2015-07-27">27.VII.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Aniket Ghosh</collectorName>
, 
<emphasis box="[210,320,516,540]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">AG 15-756</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus box="[334,390,516,540]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">holo-</typeStatus>
, 
<collectionCode box="[399,448,516,540]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">CAL</collectionCode>
[
<specimenCode box="[453,563,516,540]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">CAL 1756</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,373,563,587]" box="[132,373,563,587]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">MYCOBANK. — 830765.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,776,611,636]" box="[132,776,611,636]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
GENBANK. — 
<materialsCitation box="[261,518,611,635]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<accessionNumber box="[261,373,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">MG934209</accessionNumber>
(
<collectionCode box="[384,420,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">ITS</collectionCode>
<typeStatus box="[424,508,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">holotype</typeStatus>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation box="[521,776,611,635]" collectionCode="ITS" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<accessionNumber box="[521,633,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">MG934210</accessionNumber>
(
<collectionCode box="[643,679,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">ITS</collectionCode>
<typeStatus box="[683,766,611,635]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">paratype</typeStatus>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[132,764,659,683]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,764,659,683]" box="[132,764,659,683]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">ETYMOLOGY. — referring to the clavate hyphal tips in pileipellis.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="29.[130,777,706,1048]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" box="[478,699,706,730]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata">
<emphasis box="[478,699,706,730]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[715,769,708,732]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry box="[715,769,708,732]" name="India" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">India</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. Rudraprayag district, Hariyali Devi forest, 
<geoCoordinate box="[519,644,733,757]" degrees="30" direction="north" minutes="15.952" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="30.265867">30°15.952’N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[652,772,733,757]" degrees="79" direction="east" minutes="03.712" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="1" value="79.06187">79°03.712’E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[130,206,759,783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.649" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="1649.0">1649 m</quantity>
asl., under 
<taxonomicName box="[318,474,759,783]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
<emphasis box="[318,474,759,783]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pinus roxburghii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in temperate coniferous forest, 
<date box="[131,254,786,810]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2016-07-26">26.VII.2016</date>
, Aniket Ghosh, 
<emphasis box="[405,524,786,810]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">AG 16-1223</emphasis>
(para-, CAL[CAL 1757]). — 
<taxonomicName box="[168,378,812,836]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="burlinghamiae">
<emphasis box="[168,378,812,836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Russula burlinghamiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[389,632,814,838]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry box="[389,632,814,838]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">United States of America</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion box="[643,771,812,836]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
, Monte Alto, in mixed deciduous forest adjacent to University campus, 
<date box="[177,309,865,889]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2005-08-11">11.VIII.2005</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[317,490,865,889]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">548/Buyck 05.108</emphasis>
(PC[PC0124708], GenBank MK929285); 
<collectingRegion box="[272,431,891,915]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
, near Ashville, 
<date box="[588,715,892,916]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2004-07-17">17.VII.2004</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">600/ Buyck 04.287</emphasis>
(PC[PC0124773], GenBank MK929286); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<collectingCountry name="Costa Rica" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
. 
<collectingRegion box="[191,275,945,969]" country="Costa Rica" name="San Jose" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">San José</collectingRegion>
, Perez Zeledón, C.A.T.I.E. Experimental Forest of Villa Mills, 
<geoCoordinate box="[256,327,971,995]" degrees="9.6989" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="5" value="9.6989">9.6989</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate box="[336,432,971,995]" degrees="83.9419" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" precision="5" value="-83.9419">-83.9419</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity box="[444,524,971,995]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="m" value="2850.0">2850 m</quantity>
asl, in montane 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Quercus costaricensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, 
<date box="[318,435,997,1021]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" value="2001-06-12">12.VI.2001</date>
, leg. Buyck &amp; Halling, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">599/Buyck 01.237</emphasis>
(PC[PC0124772]f, GenBank MK929287).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,277,1109,1135]" box="[132,277,1109,1135]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,277,1109,1135]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="5">DESCRIPTION</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,360,1140,1198]" box="[132,261,1140,1166]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,261,1140,1166]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,261,1140,1166]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Basidiomata</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,360,1140,1198]" box="[132,360,1172,1198]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<quantity box="[132,248,1172,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="6.2" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="62.0" valueMin="30.0">30-62 mm</quantity>
in height.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,193,1236,1262]" box="[132,193,1236,1262]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,193,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,193,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pileus</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,777,1267,1549]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<quantity box="[132,248,1267,1294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="42.0" valueMax="52.0" valueMin="32.0">32-52 mm</quantity>
in diam., broadly convex when young, gradually planoconvex to applanate with depressed center, sometimes uplifted (towards margin) at maturity, sometimes broadly umbonate in the center; margin decurved to plane when mature, sometimes uplifted with maturity, entire, shortly tuberculate-striate; surface dry, viscid when moist, cracked to areolate with maturity, red to vivid red and paler towards the margin, peeling 1/2 of pileus radius, turning pale yellow to pastel yellow with 3% KOH.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,226,1586,1612]" box="[132,226,1586,1612]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,226,1586,1612]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,226,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Lamellae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[131,774,1618,1709]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Adnexed, subdistant (7-10 L/cm at pileus margin), yellowish white, sometimes forked near the stipe apex; edges marginate and red, at least near the pileus margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,246,1746,1772]" box="[132,246,1746,1772]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,246,1746,1772]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,246,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Lamellulae</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,190,1778,1804]" box="[132,190,1778,1804]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Rare.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,182,1842,1868]" box="[132,182,1842,1868]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[132,182,1842,1868]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,182,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Stipe</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[132,776,1873,2028]" lastBlockId="29.[813,1455,215,273]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
53-58 × 
<quantity box="[230,339,1873,1900]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.6" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" unit="mm" value="10.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="6.0">6-14 mm</quantity>
, cylindric to subclavate, tapered at the base, central, dry, smooth, pale red or pastel pink to rose pink, tinged with ochraceous to ferruginous yellow near the base where the cuticle often cracks horizontally; stipe surface reacting straw yellow, wax yellow to mustard yellow and high red or vivid red with 3% KOH and guaiacol respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,943,311,337]" box="[814,943,311,337]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,943,311,337]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,943,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Stipe context</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1454,343,401]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Chalky white, stuffed to hollow with maturity; brownish orange to light brown after bruising or handling.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,866,439,464]" box="[814,866,439,464]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,866,439,464]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,866,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Taste</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,875,470,496]" box="[814,875,470,496]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Mild.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,882,534,560]" box="[814,882,534,560]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,882,534,560]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,882,534,560]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Odour</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,956,566,592]" box="[814,956,566,592]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Indistinctive.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,928,630,656]" box="[814,928,630,656]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,928,630,656]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,928,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Spore print</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1038,662,688]" box="[814,1038,662,688]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pale yellowish white.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,947,725,751]" box="[814,947,725,751]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,947,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,947,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Basidiospores</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[812,1457,757,1007]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">(6.0-)6.34-6.98-7.63(-8.5) × (5.0-)5.53-6.11-6.7(-8.0) Μm, [n= 30, Q=(1.0-)1.05-1.15-1.24(-1.43)], subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid; ornamentation amyloid (up to 0.5 Μm high), composed of conical to hemisphaerical warts mostly connected or aligned to give short ridges along with few isolated warts, either never forming incomplete reticulum or at most broken reticulum; suprahilar plage amyloid; apiculi up to 1.5 Μm high.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,891,1044,1070]" box="[814,891,1044,1070]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,891,1044,1070]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,891,1044,1070]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Basidia</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[812,1455,1076,1135]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">22-54 × 9-13 Μm, 4-spored, subclavate to clavate; sterigmata up to 7 Μm long.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,957,1172,1198]" box="[814,957,1172,1198]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,957,1172,1198]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,957,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pleurocystidia</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[812,1456,1204,1358]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">47-73 × 9-11 Μm, subclavate to clavate, at apex appendiculate (appendages up to 30 Μm long), sub-moniliform, mucronate or rounded-obtuse, emergent up to 32 Μm beyond the basidiole tips, partly filled with heteromophous to granular or crystalline refringent content, SV-negative.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,956,1395,1421]" box="[814,956,1395,1421]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,956,1395,1421]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,956,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Lamella edges</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1456,1427,1485]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Fertile with basidia and cystidia, and few cystidioid hyphal elements.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,957,1523,1549]" box="[814,957,1523,1549]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,957,1523,1549]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,957,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Cheilocystidia</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[812,1455,1554,1677]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">35-60 × 7-10 Μm, subclavate to clavate with appendiculate, lageniform (appendages up to 11 Μm long) or rounded-obtuse apex with heteromophous and partly also filled with granular to crystalline refringent content, SV-negative.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1019,1714,1740]" box="[814,1019,1714,1740]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,1019,1714,1740]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,1019,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Subhymenium layer</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1293,1746,1773]" box="[814,1293,1746,1773]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Up to 15 Μm thick, pseudoparenchymatous.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1034,1810,1836]" box="[814,1034,1810,1836]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[814,1034,1810,1836]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[814,1034,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Hymenophoral trama</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[814,1456,1841,1867]" box="[814,1456,1841,1867]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Mainly composed of large sphaerocytes and connecting hyphae.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[811,910,1905,1931]" box="[811,910,1905,1931]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
<heading box="[811,910,1905,1931]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="84" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[811,910,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">Pileipellis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="29.[812,1456,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="33.[131,777,215,688]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">
Up to 49 Μm thick, orthochromatic in cresyl blue, not sharply delimited from the underlying sphaerocytes of the context, trichoderm 
<typeStatus box="[942,991,2002,2028]" pageId="29" pageNumber="84">type</typeStatus>
, composed of erect to ascending, branched, septate, compact hyphal ends and with distinct primordial hyphae. Hyphal extremities near the cap margin composed of a single or a few cells only, terminal cells mostly bulbous, clavate, pyriform to subclavate with tapered base, measuring 9-34 × 5-11 Μm, with rounded or obtuse tips, subterminal cells cylindrical; in the cap center almost similar, mostly bulbous, clavate, pyriform to subclavate, measuring 10-37 × 6-12 Μm, with rounded or obtuse tips, subterminal cells cylindrical. Pileocystidia and cystidioid hyphae absent from all tissues. Primordial hyphae comparatively longer than the other extremities and often protruding or repent on the cap surface, occurring mostly singly, 4-7 Μm broad, thick-walled (up to 0.8 Μm), long, cylindrical, tapered at apex, septate (0-3 septa) with rounded, blunt or obtuse apex; incrustations present.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7825664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7825664" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7825664/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" startId="30.[132,143,1940,1958]" targetBox="[132,1456,198,1895]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="30.[132,1455,1940,2026]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">
FIG. 19. — Phylogram generated from Maximum Likelihood approach (ML) in raxmlGUI 1.2 (
<bibRefCitation author="STAMATAKIS A. &amp; HOOVER P. &amp; ROUGEMONT J." box="[879,1061,1940,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" pagination="758 - 771" refId="ref21634" refString="STAMATAKIS A., HOOVER P. &amp; ROUGEMONT J. 2008. - A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758 - 771." type="journal article" year="2008">
Stamatakis 
<emphasis box="[976,1017,1940,1958]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="SILVESTRO D. &amp; MICHALAK I." box="[1070,1282,1940,1958]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" pagination="335 - 337" refId="ref21536" refString="SILVESTRO D. &amp; MICHALAK I. 2012. - raxmlGUI: a graphical front-end for RAxML. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution 12 (4): 335 - 337. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13127 - 011 - 0056 - 0" type="journal article" year="2012">Silvestro &amp; Michalak 2012</bibRefCitation>
) with 1000 bootstrap replicates. One thousand bootstrap replicates were analyzed to obtain the nodal support values. Bootstrap support values (&gt;70%) are shown above or below the branches at nodes. The Indian specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" box="[538,1051,1985,2003]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[538,734,1985,2003]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="85">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1059,1128,1985,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, with GenBank Accession Numbers are shown in bold red.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814935" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814935/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="86" startId="31.[129,140,1963,1981]" targetBox="[131,1454,215,1878]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="31.[129,1454,1963,2026]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">
FIG. 20. — 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" box="[219,728,1963,1981]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="31" pageNumber="86" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[219,414,1963,1981]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[735,802,1963,1981]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(AG 15-756): 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[914,948,1963,1981]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">A -D</emphasis>
, fresh and sectioned basidiomata in the field and basecamp; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[129,163,1985,2004]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">E -G</emphasis>
, radial section through pileipellis showing elements; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[599,633,1986,2004]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">H -K</emphasis>
, transverse section through lamellae showing pleurocystidia; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1144,1155,1986,2004]" pageId="31" pageNumber="86">L</emphasis>
, SEM micrograph of basidiospores. Scale bars: A, 50 mm; E-K, 10 µm; L, 3 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7814937" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7814937" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7814937/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="87" startId="32.[133,144,1986,2004]" targetBox="[168,1433,221,1878]" targetPageId="32" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="32.[133,1456,1986,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">
FIG. 21. — 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" box="[223,735,1986,2004]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="32" pageNumber="87" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[223,418,1986,2004]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[743,809,1986,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(AG 15-756): 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[923,936,1986,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
, sectioned basidiome; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1130,1143,1986,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
, basidiospores; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1280,1294,1986,2004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
, hyphal extremities at the pileus surface; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[311,325,2009,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
, pleurocystidia; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[462,474,2009,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
, cheilocystidia; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[608,625,2009,2027]" pageId="32" pageNumber="87">F,</emphasis>
basidia. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B-F, 10 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="33.[132,327,725,751]" box="[132,327,725,751]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
<heading box="[132,327,725,751]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" reason="9">
<emphasis box="[132,327,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Clamp connections</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[132,215,757,783]" box="[132,215,757,783]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Absent.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="33" pageNumber="88" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="33.[132,206,822,848]" box="[132,206,822,848]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
<heading box="[132,206,822,848]" fontSize="9" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" reason="5">NOTES</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[131,776,853,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
In the field 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[269,520,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Russula clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[344,436,885,911]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is characterized by its red to vivid red coloured pileus and pale red or pastel pink to rose pink stipe. It may be confused with the unrelated 
<taxonomicName authority="Fr." authorityName="Fr." box="[132,309,981,1007]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="sanguinea">
<emphasis box="[132,148,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[164,271,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">sanguinea</emphasis>
Fr.
</taxonomicName>
or 
<taxonomicName authority="Zvara" authorityName="Zvara" box="[349,551,980,1007]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="rhodopus">
<emphasis box="[349,365,981,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis box="[380,476,980,1006]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">rhodopus</emphasis>
Zvára
</taxonomicName>
, two European species that are also ectomycorrhizal with coniferous trees, but both are moderately acrid or sometimes bitter, and differ further from the present taxon in their narrower, cylindrical pilear hyphae mixed with numerous pileocystidia with abundant contents (
<bibRefCitation author="KRANZLIN F." box="[430,599,1140,1167]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" refId="ref20958" refString="KRANZLIN F. 2005. - Fungi of Switzerland: Russulaceae. Vol. 6. Verlag Mycologia, Luzern, Switzerland, 371 p." type="book" year="2005">Kränzlin 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="SARNARI M." box="[617,767,1140,1167]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" refId="ref21486" refString="SARNARI M. 2005. - Monografia illustrata del Genere Russula in Europa. Tomo secondo. Italy, AMB, Centro Studi Micologici, Trento, Italy, 762 p." type="book" year="2005">Sarnari 2005</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="KNUDSEN H. &amp; RUOTSALAINEN J. &amp; VAURAS J." box="[132,361,1172,1198]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="144 - 186" refId="ref20916" refString="KNUDSEN H., RUOTSALAINEN J. &amp; VAURAS J. 2012. - Russula Pers., in KNUDSEN H. &amp; VESTERHOLT J. (eds), Funga Nordica. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen: 144 - 186 p." type="book chapter" year="2012">
Knudsen 
<emphasis box="[241,295,1172,1198]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[131,776,853,2028]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
The acystidiate pileipellis, amyloid suprahilar dot on the spores, mild taste, pale cream spore print and bulbous to clavate terminal cells mixed with dispersed, protruding primordial hyphae in pileipellis, undoubtedly place our species in the crown clade of 
<taxonomicName box="[376,462,1331,1357]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">Russula</taxonomicName>
subg. 
<taxonomicName box="[538,619,1331,1357]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[538,619,1331,1357]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Russula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(sensu 
<bibRefCitation author="BUYCK B. &amp; ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V." pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="267 - 292" refId="ref20232" refString="BUYCK B., ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V. 2018. - Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Buyck 
<emphasis box="[132,185,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
), near subsections 
<emphasis box="[460,648,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Chamaeleontinae</emphasis>
Singer and 
<emphasis box="[132,275,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Amethystinae</emphasis>
(Romagnesi) Bon. It differs from species in both latter subsections in the distinctly paler spore print, and from 
<emphasis box="[241,429,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Chamaeleontinae</emphasis>
additionally in its more robust and firm field habit.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[131,776,853,2028]" lastBlockId="33.[811,1456,215,911]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
Two species that are morphologically very similar to 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[132,340,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[195,290,1587,1613]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, were described from America, but both are relatively unknown as they are apparently very rarely sporulating and have hardly been recollected. The first is 
<taxonomicName authority="Singer" authorityName="Singer" box="[131,411,1682,1708]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="burlinghamiae">
<emphasis box="[131,327,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. burlinghamiae</emphasis>
Singer
</taxonomicName>
, which principally differs from our species in the overall yellowish color and lack of any reddish tints. Since its original description, a modern, more detailed account of this rare North American species was published by 
<bibRefCitation author="BUYCK B. &amp; HALLING R. E. &amp; MUELLER G. M." box="[334,553,1810,1836]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="57 - 74" refId="ref20173" refString="BUYCK B., HALLING R. E. &amp; MUELLER G. M. 2003. - The inventory of Russula in Costa Rica: discovery of two very rare North American species in montane oak forest. Bolletino del Gruppo Micologico G. Bresadola, nuova series, 46 (3): 57 - 74." type="journal article" year="2003">
Buyck 
<emphasis box="[413,467,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
who also described a 
<taxonomicName authority="Buyck" authorityName="Buyck" box="[152,410,1841,1867]" form="claricolor" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" rank="form">
forma 
<emphasis box="[229,331,1841,1867]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">claricolor</emphasis>
Buyck
</taxonomicName>
from the montane 
<taxonomicName box="[636,725,1842,1868]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[636,725,1842,1868]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forests in Talamanca, 
<collectingCountry box="[343,468,1873,1900]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName box="[478,727,1873,1899]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="burlinghamiae">
<emphasis box="[478,727,1873,1899]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Russula burlinghamiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was placed with significant support in a clade comprised of 
<emphasis box="[134,280,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Amethystinae</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis box="[334,526,1937,1963]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Chamaeleontinae</emphasis>
in a recent multigene phylogeny (
<bibRefCitation author="BUYCK B. &amp; ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V." box="[265,458,1969,1995]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="267 - 292" refId="ref20232" refString="BUYCK B., ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V. 2018. - Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Buyck 
<emphasis box="[341,394,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). The second American species, 
<taxonomicName authority="Peck" authorityName="Peck" box="[188,386,2001,2027]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteobasis">
<emphasis box="[188,323,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. luteobasis</emphasis>
Peck
</taxonomicName>
, is even more similar to 
<emphasis box="[657,775,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
R. 
<emphasis box="[813,907,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">clavatohyphata,</emphasis>
</emphasis>
and even more rare than the previous one. It was in the past century only recollected in 
<collectingRegion box="[1248,1404,247,274]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
(see mycoportal.org), but there are no reports or publications available for 
<taxonomicName box="[965,1104,311,337]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteobasis">
<emphasis box="[965,1104,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. luteobasis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since it was first described by Charles 
<bibRefCitation author="PECK C. H." box="[910,1050,343,369]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="177 - 182" refId="ref21354" refString="PECK C. H. 1904. - New species of Fungi. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 31: 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="1904">Peck (1904)</bibRefCitation>
, except for the recently published 
<typeStatus box="[813,862,375,401]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">type</typeStatus>
study (
<bibRefCitation author="ADAMCIK S. &amp; JANOVICCOVA S. &amp; BUYCK B." box="[954,1190,375,401]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="3 - 108" refId="ref19927" refString="ADAMCIK S., JANOVICCOVA S. &amp; BUYCK B. 2018. - The Russulas described by Charles Horton Peck. Cryptogamie Mycologie 39 (1): 3 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.7872 / crym / v 39. iss 1.2018.3" type="journal article" year="2018">
Adamčík 
<emphasis box="[1064,1121,375,401]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Peck’s species differs from 
<taxonomicName authority="R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[878,1077,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. clavatohyphata</emphasis>
R.P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[909,999,439,465]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, essentially in the absence of a red color on the stipe surface and, most likely, also by its association with deciduous trees, but its major characters, such as spore ornamentation, composition and structure of pileipellis, spore print color, etc. are essentially the same.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="33.[811,1456,215,911]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
Our ITS phylogeny retrieved no significant support to group 
<taxonomicName box="[887,1077,630,656]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="burlinghamiae">
<emphasis box="[887,1077,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. burlinghamiae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="R. P. Bhatt, A. Ghosh, Buyck &amp; K. Das" authorityYear="2019" box="[1137,1330,630,656]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="clavatohyphata">
<emphasis box="[1137,1330,630,656]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">R. clavatohyphata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, nor did it obtain support to group either of these species with any other particular subsection (but neither did the multigene phylogeny by 
<bibRefCitation author="BUYCK B. &amp; ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V." box="[973,1171,725,752]" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" pagination="267 - 292" refId="ref20232" refString="BUYCK B., ZOLLER S. &amp; HOFSTETTER V. 2018. - Walking the thin line … ten years later: the dilemma of above- versus below-ground features to support phylogenies in the Russulaceae (Basidiomycota). Fungal Diversity 89 (1): 267 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 018 - 0397 - 5" type="journal article" year="2018">
Buyck 
<emphasis box="[1050,1105,725,751]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). Yet, it is almost certain that, once sequences will become available for 
<emphasis box="[1317,1455,757,783]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName box="[1317,1451,757,783]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Russulaceae" genus="Russula" kingdom="Fungi" order="Russulales" pageId="33" pageNumber="88" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="luteobasis">R. luteobasis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
the latter will turn out to be sister to the Indian species. The pale cream spore print of these American and Indian species adds support to their suggested basal position versus 
<emphasis box="[811,954,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Amethystinae</emphasis>
and 
<emphasis box="[1014,1202,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="88">Chamaeleontinae</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>