447 lines
57 KiB
XML
447 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="75ED2940BB772EAFC0142F184DF154FC" ID-CLB-Dataset="45400" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3821.4.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26306b5b-ed89-4007-888f-7cb564bfa282" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="252865" ID-ZooBank="1249EDEE-817D-45E3-B564-26A55411A508" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460442192791" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Norrbom, Allen L. & Neder, Lilia Estela" docDate="2014" docId="03DC56194C5B3D2781F9F9ED2C8EC0FF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03821p456.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3821 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Trupanea dimorphica Norrbom & Neder, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="451" masterDocId="FFE52E614C5A3D2E816EFF982800C007" masterDocTitle="New neotropical species of Trupanea (Diptera: Tephritidae) with unusual wing patterns" masterLastPageNumber="456" masterPageNumber="443" pageNumber="444" updateTime="1698333012524" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="4B66905C6AE9FCEF09E014130EC7DC7D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="942CE6273E8C781F2193580C1A23C460">
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<mods:title id="A0C4791479724A098843B598428E6566">New neotropical species of Trupanea (Diptera: Tephritidae) with unusual wing patterns</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="50602907EE947ABE06BF0ECF18BE8790" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0418D98F74884117034442F7C6430270">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DB94B4E4A0683BE068E43FB977154750">Norrbom, Allen L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B4EDFFF1A7B907E779B430D6EC78FF4C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="84F9F8B0AB27D7C8E971003B409C64EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="29C68C63F632EEECD1C331B158711FEB">Neder, Lilia Estela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EB766569312131E0E425AD59BFB09F87">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="89A92561255893FD90CD31AAE4697361">
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<mods:title id="175F1CD6A472B6DAF3C1C974A87239F7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="592ACEDC4267750E495AF5DD8BE0EA05">
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<mods:date id="94245F492F0C25E13243CF0956EBB8DE">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CA46703C22DBE3064073D1FD38F395A7">3821</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="75EA03CB9EF7A84F6DB95A891C4873BC">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="22D12BB69023244F64DE910506A3F4CE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="97060184C6D329C027A82F34A04B889B" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3821.4.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03DC56194C5B3D2781F9F9ED2C8EC0FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6135359" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119508212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6135359" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC56194C5B3D2781F9F9ED2C8EC0FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC56194C5B3D2781F9F9ED2C8EC0FF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C5B3D2F81F9F9ED2A09C6B6" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5B3D2F81F9F9ED2B2AC688" blockId="1.[151,810,1653,1713]" box="[151,810,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<heading id="D08250634C5B3D2F81F9F9ED2B2AC688" bold="true" box="[151,810,1653,1679]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F81F9F9ED2B2AC688" bold="true" box="[151,810,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F81F9F9ED2A8EC688" ID-CoL="9HXSD" authority="Norrbom & Neder" authorityName="Norrbom & Neder" box="[151,654,1653,1679]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F81F9F9ED299EC688" bold="true" box="[151,414,1653,1679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Trupanea dimorphica</emphasis>
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Norrbom & Neder
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23286664C5B3D2F83F4F9ED2B2AC688" box="[666,810,1653,1679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5B3D2F81F9F9002A09C6B6" blockId="1.[151,810,1653,1713]" box="[151,521,1688,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C5B3D2F81F9F9002902C6B7" box="[151,258,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[167,1433,206,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1, Habitus, lateral, female, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00056032). 2 – 6, Wing: 2 – 3, T. dimorphica (Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT 00050051; female, USNMENT 00050050); 4, T. fasciata (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT 00744480); 5, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 6, T. trivittata (Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252866/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C5B3D2F8063F9002939C6B7" box="[269,313,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[211,1380,197,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[203,1393,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Head: 7, T. dimorphica, male (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 8, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 9 – 10, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 11 – 12, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986, USNMENT 00056032); 13 – 14, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252867/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">7–8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C5B3D2F802BF9002963C6B6" box="[325,355,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Thorax, dorsal: 15, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 16, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 17, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986); 18, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252868/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C5B3D2F8001F90029B7C6B7" box="[367,439,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[233,1331,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1360,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Male fore leg: 19 – 21, T. dimorphica, right leg, posterior, dorsal and anterior (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 22, T. fasciata, left leg, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 23 – 24, T. trivittata, left leg, posterior and dorsal (apical 2 tarsomeres missing) (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252869/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">19–21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C5B3D2F80ADF9002A09C6B6" box="[451,521,1688,1713]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1428,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Abdomen and terminalia: 25 – 26, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 27 – 28, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 29, T. fasciata, male, epandrium and surstyli, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 30, same, glans, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252870/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">25–26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C5B3D2F81F9F9412C84C7E9" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5B3D2F81F9F9412C84C7E9" blockId="1.[151,1436,1753,2030]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F81F9F9412911C6F5" bold="true" box="[151,273,1753,1778]" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The male of this species is easily distinguished from all other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F8551F9422CABC6F6" box="[1087,1195,1754,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F8551F9422CABC6F6" box="[1087,1195,1754,1777]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Trupanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its highly reduced wing pattern.
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F805AF9662A75C712" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[308,629,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diluta">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F805AF96629EAC712" box="[308,490,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Trupanea diluta</emphasis>
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(Enderlein)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which also has a highly reduced pattern, has a different pattern that is reduced in both sexes. It also lacks the 3 brown vittae on the scutum. Females differ from those of other species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F81F9F8DC2903C75C" box="[151,259,1860,1883]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F81F9F8DC2903C75C" box="[151,259,1860,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">Trupanea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: scutum with 3 brown vittae; wing with broad brown band from pterostigma towards r-m; vein Cu1 with broad brown band from crossvein bm-cu to level of r-m where it turns anteriorly; and subapical stellate mark with ray to apex of vein M, but without ray to apex of vein R4+5. Species with somewhat similar wing patterns include the Neotropical species
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F8211F82B2C74C7CC" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[895,1140,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basistriga">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F8211F82B2C0DC7CC" box="[895,1037,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">T. basistriga</emphasis>
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Malloch
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F85DFF82B2D98C7CC" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[1201,1432,1970,1995]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chariessa">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F85DFF82B2D3AC7CC" box="[1201,1338,1970,1995]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">T. chariessa</emphasis>
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Hendel
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</taxonomicName>
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, which differ in having both of the apical rays, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5B3D2F83A3F84E2B7FC7E9" authority="Hering" authorityName="Hering" box="[717,895,2005,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trypanea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="444" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vidua">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5B3D2F83A3F84E2B25C7E9" box="[717,805,2005,2030]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="444">T. vidua</emphasis>
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Hering
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</taxonomicName>
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, which lacks both rays.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C583D2681A9FF0F2D0CC5BE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="451" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9FF0F2D4DC0B7" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" box="[199,1357,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C583D2C81A9FF0F2959C0B7" bold="true" box="[199,345,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Description.</emphasis>
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Small, body length
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<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C583D2C8354FF0F2AC4C0A8" box="[570,708,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="3.5">3.5–5.5 mm</quantity>
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. Wing length
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<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C583D2C820EFF002BE7C0A8" box="[864,999,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="3.8" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.7">3.7–3.9 mm</quantity>
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in male,
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<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C583D2C8521FF0F2CD6C0A8" box="[1103,1238,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.55" metricValueMax="4.6" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="445" unit="mm" value="4.55" valueMax="4.6" valueMin="4.5">4.5–4.6 mm</quantity>
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in female.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9FF232C33C217" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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Head (
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8077FF23298FC0D4" box="[281,399,187,212]" captionStart="FIGURES 7 – 14" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1923,1946]" captionTargetBox="[211,1380,197,1899]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[203,1393,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 7 – 14. Head: 7, T. dimorphica, male (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 8, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 9 – 10, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 11 – 12, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986, USNMENT 00056032); 13 – 14, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252867/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 7–8</figureCitation>
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): Yellow to orange except ocellar tubercle and most of occiput bluish gray; entirely microtrichose. Frons nonsetulose medially; lateral margins grayish; medially broadly orange or to varying extent with narrow grayish medial vitta dividing submedial orange vittae. Frontal setae brown, acuminate, in female with 4–5 setae, moderately long, posterior 2 setae almost cruciate; in male with 5–6 setae, short, longest (posterior) seta less than half width of frons at level of seta; both sexes with 2 reclinate orbital setae, anterior seta brown, acuminate, posterior setae short, white, slightly lanceolate; ocellar seta well developed, larger in female (ca. 0.6 times width of frons at level of anterior ocellus in female, less than half width of frons in male); postocellar, lateral vertical, and postocular setae, and most setulae on postgena white, lanceolate; facial ridge setulae brown acuminate; genal setulae mostly brown, acuminate, or some white, lanceolate posteriorly. Antenna entirely orange in both sexes; arista minutely pubescent. Palpus relatively slender, entirely yellow.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9FD832AC3C32D" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
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Thorax (
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<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8044FD832977C233" box="[298,375,539,564]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 18" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1940,1963]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,194,1908]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,193,1919]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 18. Thorax, dorsal: 15, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 16, T. fasciata, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 17, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00055986); 18, T. trivittata, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252868/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig.15</figureCitation>
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): Mostly dark brown and densely microtrichose giving bluish gray appearance. Postpronotal lobe and notopleuron sometimes yellow. Scutum with 3 distinct, narrow, dark brown vittae (1 medial, pair on dorsocentral lines). Anepisternum diffusely darker brown posterodorsally. Following setae well developed, brown, acuminate: postpronotal, anterior notopleural, presutural and postsutural supra-alar, intra-alar, postalar, dorsocentral (aligned very close to transverse suture), acrostichal, 1 (basal) scutellar, and 1 anepisternal. Anepimeral and katepisternal setae well developed, acuminate, yellowish or brown. Posterior notopleural seta short, white, lanceolate. Setulae on postpronotal lobe, propleuron, scutum, scutellum laterally, anepisternum, katepisternum, and anepimeron white, lanceolate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9FCAD290EC427" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||
Legs: Entirely yellow. Male fore tibia and tarsus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8276FCAC2BA4C34A" box="[792,932,820,845]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 24" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[233,1331,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[227,1360,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 24. Male fore leg: 19 – 21, T. dimorphica, right leg, posterior, dorsal and anterior (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050051); 22, T. fasciata, left leg, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 23 – 24, T. trivittata, left leg, posterior and dorsal (apical 2 tarsomeres missing) (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252869/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 19–21</figureCitation>
|
||
) with most dorsal setulae erect. Male fore basitarsus 2.8 times as long as high (measured on medial side), 1.9 times height of tibia apically; subbasally with 2 posteroventral setae, almost 2 times as long as height of basitarsus, projecting perpendicularly, and with 3–5 anteroventral setae, almost as long as basitarsus, projecting obliquely. Mid femur with anterior row of white setae on basal half, slightly larger and more perpendicular than setulae; in female with 0–2 well developed brownish anteroventral setae slightly distal to midlength; in male with row of well developed brownish anteroventral setae on distal half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9FBB32BD0C60F" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||
Wing (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8078FBB32986C444" box="[278,390,1067,1092]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[167,1433,206,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1, Habitus, lateral, female, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00056032). 2 – 6, Wing: 2 – 3, T. dimorphica (Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT 00050051; female, USNMENT 00050050); 4, T. fasciata (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT 00744480); 5, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 6, T. trivittata (Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 2–3</figureCitation>
|
||
): Crossvein r-m at 0.70–0.74 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu on vein M. Vein R2+3 without setulae dorsally or ventrally. Vein R4+5 bare or at most with 1 setula dorsally on node of Rs. Pattern sexually dimorphic. In female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C80F9FBEF29DBC488" box="[407,475,1143,1168]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[167,1433,206,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1, Habitus, lateral, female, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00056032). 2 – 6, Wing: 2 – 3, T. dimorphica (Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT 00050051; female, USNMENT 00050050); 4, T. fasciata (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT 00744480); 5, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 6, T. trivittata (Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) predominantly hyaline, with following brown markings: large anteromedial spot in cell c; broad brown band from pterostigma to vein R4+5, narrowly connected to narrow brown mark covering crossvein r-m and subapical brown mark in cell br; broad brown band on vein Cu1 from crossvein bm-cu to level of r-m, turning anteriorly and usually connected to mark on r-m, and with 2 short extensions in to cell cu1, sometimes connected to form hyaline spot; narrow subbasal mark in cell r4+5 narrowly connected along vein M and sometimes along vein R4+5 to mark on r-m; narrow subapical mark across cell dm, extending into cell cu1 about half way to posterior margin, connected along veins M and Cu1 and medially to narrow mark on crossvein dm-cu to form pair of apical hyaline spots in cell dm; medial marginal spot in cell r1, sometimes extending into cell r2+3 and narrowly connected to stellate mark; and modified, subapical stellate mark, with 2 broad anterior rays to apex of cell r1 and middle of margin of cell r2+3, with narrow ray to apex of vein M, and with 2 narrow rays in cell m, centrally with 1 large and sometimes 1 small hyaline spot, without ray to apex of vein r4+5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9F98F290EC6E0" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||
In male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8043F98E2971C628" box="[301,369,1558,1583]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1882,1905]" captionTargetBox="[167,1433,206,1850]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,193,1861]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 6. 1, Habitus, lateral, female, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT 00056032). 2 – 6, Wing: 2 – 3, T. dimorphica (Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT 00050051; female, USNMENT 00050050); 4, T. fasciata (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT 00744480); 5, T. polita (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 6, T. trivittata (Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT 00654434)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252866/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) pattern greatly reduced to following brown spots: tiny anterobasal spot in pterostigma and or on costa; small medial marginal spot in cell r1; small spot in apex of cell r1, sometimes extending into cell r2+3; small marginal spot in cell r2+3; small faint spot on vein R2+3 slightly distal to pterostigma, sometimes extending into cell r1; narrow marks bordering crossveins r-m and dm-cu; 2–3 small spots along veins R4+5 or M in cell r4+5; 2 spots in cell m extending from posterior margin slightly beyond midwidth of cell; and 3 small spots anteriorly in distal half of cell cu1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9F96C2A11C737" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C583D2C8029F96C29A8C70A" box="[327,424,1780,1805]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1428,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Abdomen and terminalia: 25 – 26, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 27 – 28, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 29, T. fasciata, male, epandrium and surstyli, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 30, same, glans, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252870/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Figs. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
): Tergites entirely dark brown and densely microtrichose giving bluish gray appearance. Setulae white, slightly lanceolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C583D2C81A9F8A329C8C7BA" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,1981]" pageId="2" pageNumber="445">Male terminalia: Epandrium and surstyli ovoid in posterior view; lateral surstylus short, strongly medially curved, blunt apically, in lateral view with well developed dorsal lobe; medial surstylus short, with prensisetae well separated, medial prensiseta 2–3 times as broad as lateral prensiseta. Glans membranous except for projecting, hooklike sclerite near base.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C593D2D81F9F8C22A43C7CB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252866/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" targetBox="[167,1433,206,1850]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C593D2D81F9F8C22A43C7CB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1882,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D81F9F8C2293BC768" bold="true" box="[151,315,1882,1905]" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">FIGURES 1–6.</emphasis>
|
||
1, Habitus, lateral, female,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C593D2D8335F8C32AB1C777" box="[603,689,1882,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D8335F8C32AB1C777" box="[603,689,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T. polita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT00056032). 2–6, Wing: 2–3,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C593D2D8463F8C32D9CC777" box="[1293,1436,1882,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D8463F8C32D9CC777" box="[1293,1436,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Argentina: Jueya, male, USNMENT00050051; female, USNMENT00050050); 4,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C593D2D8563F8E22C7CC788" box="[1037,1148,1913,1935]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D8563F8E22C7CC788" box="[1037,1148,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, male, USNMENT00744480); 5,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C593D2D8352F8012A92C7AA" box="[572,658,1943,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D8352F8012A92C7AA" box="[572,658,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T. polita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT00055986); 6,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C593D2D85C3F8012D20C7A9" box="[1197,1312,1945,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C593D2D85C3F8012D20C7A9" box="[1197,1312,1945,1966]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="446">T. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Argentina: Loro Huasi, male, USNMENT00654434).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C5E3D2A81F9F81B29CEC7F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252867/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" targetBox="[211,1380,197,1899]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5E3D2A81F9F81B29CEC7F2" blockId="4.[151,1437,1923,2037]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A81F9F81B2946C79F" bold="true" box="[151,326,1923,1946]" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">FIGURES 7–14.</emphasis>
|
||
Head: 7,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5E3D2A80C9F81C2A33C79E" box="[423,563,1923,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A80C9F81C2A33C79E" box="[423,563,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050051); 8,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5E3D2A852AF81C2CD1C79E" box="[1092,1233,1923,1945]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A852AF81C2CD1C79E" box="[1092,1233,1923,1945]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050050); 9–10,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5E3D2A8372F83B2A89C7BF" box="[540,649,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A8372F83B2A89C7BF" box="[540,649,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">T. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT00744480); 11–12,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5E3D2A84E7F83B28D2C7D1" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A84E7F83B28D2C7D1" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">T. polita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT00055986, USNMENT00056032); 13–14,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5E3D2A8549F85A2C9DC7D1" box="[1063,1181,1985,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5E3D2A8549F85A2C9DC7D1" box="[1063,1181,1985,2007]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="447">T. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT00654434).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C5F3D2B81F9F80C2B1DC7EF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252868/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" targetBox="[151,1436,194,1908]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5F3D2B81F9F80C2B1DC7EF" blockId="5.[151,1436,1940,2024]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5F3D2B81F9F80C2955C7AD" bold="true" box="[151,341,1940,1963]" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">FIGURES 15–18.</emphasis>
|
||
Thorax, dorsal: 15,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5F3D2B8349F80E2AB7C7AD" box="[551,695,1940,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5F3D2B8349F80E2AB7C7AD" box="[551,695,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050050); 16,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5F3D2B859CF80E2D5CC7AD" box="[1266,1372,1940,1963]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5F3D2B859CF80E2D5CC7AD" box="[1266,1372,1940,1963]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">T. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT00744480); 17,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5F3D2B827FF82C2B66C7CE" box="[785,870,1971,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5F3D2B827FF82C2B66C7CE" box="[785,870,1971,1993]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">T. polita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Bolivia: Pongo, USNMENT00055986); 18,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5F3D2B84E7F82C28F0C7EF" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="448" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5F3D2B84E7F82C28F0C7EF" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="448">T. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT00654434).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C5C3D2881F9F8392D38C7F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252869/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" targetBox="[233,1331,193,1923]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5C3D2881F9F8392D38C7F2" blockId="6.[151,1436,1953,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5C3D2881F9F839295CC7B1" bold="true" box="[151,348,1953,1976]" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">FIGURES 19–24.</emphasis>
|
||
Male fore leg: 19–21,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5C3D288300F83A2B05C7B0" box="[622,773,1953,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5C3D288300F83A2B05C7B0" box="[622,773,1953,1975]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, right leg, posterior, dorsal and anterior (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050051); 22,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5C3D2880DAF8592A1FC7D1" box="[436,543,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5C3D2880DAF8592A1FC7D1" box="[436,543,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">T. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left leg, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT00744480); 23–24,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5C3D2884E7F85928F0C7F2" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="449" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trivittata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5C3D2884E7F85928F0C7F2" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="449">T. trivittata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, left leg, posterior and dorsal (apical 2 tarsomeres missing) (Argentina: Loro Huasi, USNMENT00654434).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C5D3D2981F9F8392BD7C7F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252870/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" targetBox="[159,1423,193,1914]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C5D3D2981F9F8392BD7C7F2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1953,2037]" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5D3D2981F9F8392955C7B0" bold="true" box="[151,341,1953,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">FIGURES 25–30.</emphasis>
|
||
Abdomen and terminalia: 25–26,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5D3D2983DAF83B2B43C7BF" box="[692,835,1954,1976]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5D3D2983DAF83B2B43C7BF" box="[692,835,1954,1976]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT00050050); 27–28,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5D3D2981F9F85A28EFC7D1" box="[151,239,1984,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5D3D2981F9F85A28EFC7D1" box="[151,239,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">T. polita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT00055986); 29,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C5D3D2982EEF85A2BEDC7D1" box="[896,1005,1984,2007]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="450" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C5D3D2982EEF85A2BEDC7D1" box="[896,1005,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="450">T. fasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, epandrium and surstyli, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT00744480); 30, same, glans, lateral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0AB7874C523D2681F9FB602A6DC529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252871/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" targetBox="[152,1435,194,1243]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681F9FB602A6DC529" blockId="8.[151,1436,1272,1326]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681F9FB602955C509" bold="true" box="[151,341,1272,1295]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">FIGURES 31–35</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268005FB612A7BC508" box="[363,635,1273,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268005FB612A7BC508" box="[363,635,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, probable host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D2682F6FB622C7CC508" box="[920,1148,1273,1295]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2682F6FB622C7CC508" box="[920,1148,1273,1295]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Trupanea dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 31, single plant; 32–34, flowerheads in bloom; 35, mature flowerhead.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681A9FAC12D0CC5BE" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
Female terminalia: Oviscape in ventral view
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C523D2683ADFAC22B4BC576" box="[707,843,1370,1394]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" unit="mm" value="1.7999999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.7">1.7–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, equal to length of thorax; in dorsal view equal to length of tergites 3–6; entirely dark brown, shiny, nonmicrotrichose; setulae white and slightly lanceolate except on apical fifth. Aculeus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C523D2680C3FA3929FEC5BD" box="[429,510,1441,1466]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 30" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1953,1976]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,193,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1428,193,1933]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 30. Abdomen and terminalia: 25 – 26, T. dimorphica, female (Argentina: Jueya, USNMENT 00050050); 27 – 28, T. polita, female (Bolivia: Pongo, female, USNMENT 00055986); 29, T. fasciata, male, epandrium and surstyli, posterior (Argentina: Barrios S. La Quiaca, USNMENT 00744480); 30, same, glans, lateral." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252870/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
) well sclerotized, relatively broad, tapering evenly to triangular apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C523D2681A9FA5D2C95C622" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681A9FA5D2C95C622" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681A9FA5D2927C5D9" bold="true" box="[199,295,1477,1502]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D2680C1FA5E2A50C5D9" box="[431,592,1477,1502]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2680C1FA5E2A50C5D9" box="[431,592,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected on flowering “pular”,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268573FA5D2D9DC5D9" authority="Wedd." authorityName="Wedd." box="[1053,1437,1477,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268573FA5D2D48C5D9" box="[1053,1352,1477,1502]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
Wedd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D2681F0FA72291FC605" box="[158,287,1514,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268042FA71299DC605" box="[300,413,1513,1538]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Mutisieae">Mutisieae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134EFB8A4C523D2680DBFA712A41C605" box="[437,577,1513,1538]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 35" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1272,1295]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,194,1243]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1252]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 35. Aphyllocladus spartioides, probable host plant of Trupanea dimorphica: 31, single plant; 32 – 34, flowerheads in bloom; 35, mature flowerhead." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/252871/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Figs. 31–35</figureCitation>
|
||
). The junior author has observed females ovipositing into flowerheads and found larvae in flowerheads of this plant, and it appears to be a host plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D26829CF9962C8EC621" box="[1010,1166,1549,1574]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D26829CF9962C8EC621" box="[1010,1166,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C523D2681A9F9A92908C695" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681A9F9A92908C695" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681A9F9A92960C64D" bold="true" box="[199,352,1585,1610]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268009F9AB2A03C64D" box="[359,515,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimorphica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268009F9AB2A03C64D" box="[359,515,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">T. dimorphica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from Jujuy,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362A79F4C523D26825DF9A92BA6C64D" box="[819,934,1585,1610]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its distribution may be more extensive as its host plant is also known from Salta,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362A79F4C523D268355F9CD2AAAC669" box="[571,682,1621,1646]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362A79F4C523D26838AF9CD2B36C669" box="[740,822,1621,1646]" name="Bolivia" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
at elevations between 1900 and
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C523D2685C3F9CD2D03C66A" box="[1197,1283,1621,1646]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</quantity>
|
||
(TROPICOS database).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C523D2681A9F9052997C76C" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681A9F9052997C76C" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681A9F905294BC6B1" bold="true" box="[199,331,1693,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE59AD4C523D2681A9F9052902C6B1" box="[199,258,1693,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
data.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE59AD4C523D268039F90529BFC6B1" box="[343,447,1693,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♂ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D268099F9062A2CC6B1" box="[503,556,1694,1718]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">IML</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D268357F9052AC3C6B1" box="[569,707,1693,1718]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">USNMENT</collectionCode>
|
||
00744745),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362A79F4C523D268220F9062BF6C6B1" box="[846,1014,1694,1718]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Jujuy: Tilcara, Posta de Hornillos, aspirated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268026F9592A6FC6DD" box="[328,623,1729,1754]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268026F9592A6FC6DD" box="[328,623,1729,1754]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBC1CF4C523D2683EFF95A2B19C6DD" box="[641,793,1730,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" value="2012-04-14">14 Apr 2012</date>
|
||
, L. E. Neder.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE59AD4C523D2682ACF95A2C33C6DD" box="[962,1075,1730,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F362A79F4C523D26852FF95A2CE9C6DD" box="[1089,1257,1730,1754]" name="Argentina" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">ARGENTINA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Jujuy: Tilcara, Jueya,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4181C84C523D268188F97F297CC6F8" box="[230,380,1765,1791]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" precision="1" value="-23.52875">23°31'43.5"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4181C84C523D2680EAF97E2A24C6F8" box="[388,548,1765,1791]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" precision="1" value="-65.389885">65°23'23.6"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D4AEA4C523D26835FF97E2A89C6F9" box="[561,649,1766,1791]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.677" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" unit="m" value="2677.0">2677 m</quantity>
|
||
, on flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268257F97E2C5EC6F8" box="[825,1118,1766,1791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268257F97E2C5EC6F8" box="[825,1118,1766,1791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBC1CF4C523D268501F97F2D03C6F8" box="[1135,1283,1767,1791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" value="2012-04-14">14 Apr 2012</date>
|
||
, L. E. Neder,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D732C864C523D2681F9F89328BAC724" box="[151,186,1803,1827]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="generic">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
3♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D26819AF893292BC724" box="[244,299,1803,1827]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">IML</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D268056F893298EC724" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[312,398,1803,1827]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); same locality, aspirated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D26839EF8932C14C723" box="[752,1044,1803,1828]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D26839EF8932C14C723" box="[752,1044,1803,1828]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBC1CF4C523D26854AF8932CB0C724" box="[1060,1200,1803,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" value="2012-05-03">3 May 2012</date>
|
||
, L. E. Neder,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D732C864C523D268420F8932D71C723" box="[1358,1393,1803,1828]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="generic">5♂</specimenCount>
|
||
5♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D2681F1F8B728D7C740" box="[159,215,1839,1863]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">IML</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D26818DF8B72939C740" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[227,313,1839,1863]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
); Tilcara, Posta de Hornillos, aspirated from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268255F8B72C60C74F" box="[827,1120,1839,1864]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Aphyllocladus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spartioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268255F8B72C60C74F" box="[827,1120,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Aphyllocladus spartioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFCBC1CF4C523D268501F8B72D03C740" box="[1135,1283,1839,1864]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" value="2012-04-14">14 Apr 2012</date>
|
||
, L. E. Neder,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D732C864C523D2681F9F8CB28BAC76C" box="[151,186,1875,1899]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="generic">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
5♀ (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D26819CF8CB2929C76C" box="[242,297,1875,1899]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f5t5-0jbj" name="Instituto Miguel Lillo" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">IML</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED647FCA4C523D26805BF8CB298BC76C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[309,395,1875,1899]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C523D2681A9F8EF2D88C788" box="[199,1416,1911,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2681A9F8EF2D88C788" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" box="[199,1416,1911,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681A9F8EF294EC797" bold="true" box="[199,334,1911,1936]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The name of this species is an adjective referring to the highly sexually dimorphic wing pattern.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36FB4844C523D2781A9F8032C8EC0FF" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCAE70F4C523D2781A9F8032C8EC0FF" blockId="8.[151,1437,1369,2008]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D2681A9F803294FC7B3" bold="true" box="[199,335,1947,1972]" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Sexual dimorphism is common within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C523D268279F8042B83C7B4" box="[791,899,1948,1971]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C523D268279F8042B83C7B4" box="[791,899,1948,1971]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="451">Trupanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and may involve the form and setation of the fore and/or mid legs, the number and size of the frontal setae, the wing pattern, and even antenna color (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE49AFE4C523D278420F82728D2C0B7" author="Munro" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="452" pageId="8" pageNumber="451" refString="Munro, H. K. (1964) The genus Trupanea in Africa. An analytical study in bio-taxonomy. Entomology Memoirs Republic of South Africa Department of Agricultural Technical Services, 8, 1 - 101." type="journal article" year="1964">Munro 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE49AFE4C533D2781B2FF00299CC0B7" author="Foote" box="[220,412,151,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" refString="Foote, R. H., Blanc, F. L. & Norrbom, A. L. (1993) Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America north of Mexico. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, xii + 571 pp." type="book" year="1993">
|
||
Foote
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D27804CFF01295AC0B7" box="[290,346,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In species with sexually dimorphic wings, the male wing pattern typically is more reduced or modified, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C533D278012FF252AA9C0D2" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[380,681,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperfecta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D278012FF252A16C0D3" box="[380,534,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">T. imperfecta</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C533D2783D4FF252BCBC0D2" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[698,971,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D2783D4FF252B38C0D2" box="[698,824,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">T. radifera</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C533D2782B2FF252CECC0D2" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[988,1260,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bisetosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D2782B2FF252C5AC0D2" box="[988,1114,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">T. bisetosa</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C533D278590FF25291CC0FF" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigricornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D278590FF252D9CC0D3" box="[1278,1436,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">T. nigricornis</emphasis>
|
||
(Coquillett)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C759C8C4C533D278039FF792A07C0FF" authority="Chen" authorityName="Chen" box="[343,519,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Tephritidae" genus="Trupanea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tristis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D278039FF7929B2C0FF" box="[343,434,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">T. tristis</emphasis>
|
||
(Chen)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE49AFE4C533D27832CFF782B03C0FF" author="Foote" box="[578,771,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" refString="Foote, R. H., Blanc, F. L. & Norrbom, A. L. (1993) Handbook of the fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of America north of Mexico. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca, xii + 571 pp." type="book" year="1993">
|
||
Foote
|
||
<emphasis id="B9013B1D4C533D2783E7FF792AC1C0FF" box="[649,705,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="452">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1993
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE49AFE4C533D278260FF782C83C0FF" author="Korneyev" box="[782,1155,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="452" refString="Korneyev, V. A. & Ovchinnikova, O. G. (2004) 79. Fam. Tephritidae-Fruit Flies. In: Keys to Insects of Far East Russia. Vol. VI. Diptera and Fleas. Part 3. Dal'nauka, Vladivostok, pp. 456 - 564." type="book chapter" year="2004">Korneyev & Ovchinnikova 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |