191 lines
20 KiB
XML
191 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="572DBDBB6924D959A5CF73E3A20C90F7" ID-CLB-Dataset="74758" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6657019" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ef29e3e6-8514-4647-be73-8ccb39b02e2d" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-89-7" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657019" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1655475941675" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson" docDate="2013" docId="03D2E067FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6BF0F41A" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_3_Galagidae_0184.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Euoticus elegantulus" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="207" masterDocId="FFEB981FFFCCFFE5FFD5FFE06A39FFCD" masterDocTitle="Galagidae" masterLastPageNumber="209" masterPageNumber="184" pageNumber="207" updateTime="1699339391385" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A89401DA5F4A478C47C404DABE7DCE87">
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<mods:title id="96020D27F119D8C37DEADFF16CCC65AD">Galagidae</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B3929395378C41B8BE5ED8BCE2CEF92A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8740AFB02439A1C793CE6202DF71B1FA">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B665D5DB801F3C1453E073F4235405BE">Anthony B. Rylands</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="608B0BF6E59E221ECCF40D888D64AEF7">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="CA383FACED4BCB7D6691D9F26845CB47">2013</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="F1B4BEE8049ACD4F8929E1A43421AC88" type="pubDate">2013-03-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="9DEEB7FF5F98333132EFF4F151E45240">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="629A0F1CF18A2298B6571E9C4D7F2E3B">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A98144EBA98047CF9F4AC19B4BE5181F">
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<mods:title id="59306CE8C588F51ED9ECC6435B08EAE1">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 3 Primates</mods:title>
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<mods:identifier id="91F29107FD6CD0532B79B9BFE7E230EE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6657019</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E5914EEE83CA882D7642EFEBCA6DB53D" type="ISBN">978-84-96553-89-7</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D2E067FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6BF0F41A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6656997" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195955729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6656997" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2E067FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6BF0F41A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2E067FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6BF0F41A" lastPageNumber="207" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6ABEFE16" box="[80,135,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6ABEFE16" blockId="12.[75,1269,429,594]" box="[80,135,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6ABEFE16" box="[80,135,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<figureCitation id="13404DF4FFC0FFE9FF85FE4D6ABEFE16" box="[80,135,429,475]" captionStart="Plate 14: Galagidae" captionStartId="2.[72,102,3363,3388]" captionTargetBox="[12,2699,16,3633]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="1. Demidoft’s Dwart Galago (Galagoides demidouvi), 2. Thomas’s Dwarf Galago (Galagoides thomasi), 3. Mountain Dwarf Galago (Galagoudes orinus), 4. Rondo Dwart Galago (Galagoides rondoensis), 5. Mozambique Dwart Galago (Galagoides grant), 6. Kenya Coast Dwarf Galago (Galagoudes cocos), 7. Tanzania Coast Dwarf Galago (Galagoides zanzibaricus), 8. Northern Lesser Galago (Galago senegalensis), 9. Somali Lesser Galago (Galago gallarum), 10. Southern Lesser Galago (Galago moholi), 11. Spectacled Lesser Galago (Galago matschier), 12. Bioko Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus alleni), 13. Cross River Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus cameronensis), 14. Gabon Squirrel Galago (Sciurocheirus gabonensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657071/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">15.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF4DFE4D690DFE16" box="[152,820,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF4DFE4D690DFE16" blockId="12.[75,1269,429,594]" box="[152,820,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FF4DFE4D690DFE16" box="[152,820,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FF4DFE4D690DFE16" box="[152,820,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Southern Needle-clawed Galago</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FCB3FE4D6ED3FE16" box="[870,1258,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FCB3FE4D6ED3FE16" blockId="12.[75,1269,429,594]" box="[870,1258,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FCB3FE4D6ED3FE16" box="[870,1258,429,475]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FCB3FE4D6ED3FE16" baseAuthorityName="Le Conte" baseAuthorityYear="1857" box="[870,1258,429,475]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Euoticus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegantulus">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FCB3FE4D6ED3FE16" box="[870,1258,429,475]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Euoticus elegantulus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF99FE0C68ACFD9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF99FE0C6E04FDCC" blockId="12.[75,1269,429,594]" box="[76,1085,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FF99FE0C6E04FDCC" box="[76,1085,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF99FE0C6AA0FDCC" bold="true" box="[76,153,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FF76FE0C6B0EFDCC" box="[163,311,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Galago élégant</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FE9EFE0C6B9FFDCC" bold="true" box="[331,422,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FE65FE0C6894FDCC" box="[432,685,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Sidlicher Kielnagelgalago</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FD17FE0C6924FDCC" bold="true" box="[706,797,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FCF2FE0C6E04FDCC" box="[807,1085,492,513]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Galago de garras meridional</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF99FDF468ACFD9D" blockId="12.[75,1269,429,594]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<heading id="D08CE61DFFC0FFE9FF99FDF468ACFD9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF99FDF46B7BFDE4" bold="true" box="[76,322,532,553]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FE98FDF46BDAFDE4" box="[333,483,532,553]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Elegant Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FE24FDF4691DFDE4" box="[497,804,532,553]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Elegant Needle-clawed Galago</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FCE4FDF46EAAFDE4" box="[817,1171,532,553]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Southern Needle-clawed Bushbaby</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FB4AFDF46B72FD9D" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Western Needle-clawed Bushbaby</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName id="0578215FFFC0FFE9FE82FDDB68ACFD9D" box="[343,661,571,592]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Western Needle-clawed Galago</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FD66FD62691EFD0A" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FD66FD62691EFD0A" blockId="12.[690,1276,642,1065]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FD66FD626974FD52" bold="true" box="[691,845,642,671]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FC89FD62691BFD0A" authority="Le Conte, 1857" authorityName="Le Conte" authorityYear="1857" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myristicaceae" genus="Microcebus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Magnoliales" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="elegantulus">Microcebus elegantulus Le Conte, 1857</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FCE6FD4A6EFFFD0A" box="[819,1222,682,711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FCE6FD4A6EFFFD0A" blockId="12.[690,1276,642,1065]" box="[819,1222,682,711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<materialsCitation id="3B135B2CFFC0FFE9FCE6FD4A6EFFFD0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3813040310" box="[819,1222,682,711]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Gabon, Ogooué River, Njola.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FD66FD2D6EF2FBBA" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FD66FD2D6EF2FBBA" blockId="12.[690,1276,642,1065]" lastBlockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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In the 2003 review by P. Grubb and coworkers, it was suggested that there might be at least two subspecies, with the
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FB62FCFC693FFCA9" form="found" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" rank="form">form found</taxonomicName>
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south of the Ogooué River not yet named. |. Gray in 1863 placed this species in the subgenus Fuoticus. E. Schwarz in 1931 and W. C. O. Hill in 1953 concluded that it represented a distinct genus, and this has been confirmed in recent molecular genetic analyses. Individuals from inland areas tend to be darker than those closer to the coast, with other regional variations in body size and coloration. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF9CFB9D6EDFFB20" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="distribution">
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<caption id="DF0401F9FFC0FFE9FF9CFB9D6EDFFB20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6657059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6657059" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6657059/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" targetBox="[78,658,649,1055]" targetPageId="12">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF9CFB9D6EDFFB20" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF9CFB9D6ACCFB53" bold="true" box="[73,245,1149,1182]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Primary forested regions of Cameroon (S of the Sanaga River), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, DR Congo (N of the Congo and Ubangi rivers), and possibly the Central African Republic (four specimens found in the extreme SW).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF9DFB136EE7F9CD" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF9DFB136EE7F9CD" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF9DFB136B79FAD9" bold="true" box="[72,320,1267,1300]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 19-23 cm,tail 26-32 cm; weight 270-360 g. Male Southern Needle-clawed Galagos are slightly larger than females. The fur is notably dense, soft, and woolly. Upperparts are a deep golden-orange, sometimes with a darker reddish line running down the entire length of the back. The belly, flanks, and tail are ashy-gray, and there also may be some slight graying of the foreparts and face. Thetail is long and bushy and almost invariably tipped with white. Ears are short and small, and eyes are very large and pale orange. The snoutis remarkably blunt for a galago.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF9DF9E66801F951" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF9DF9E66801F951" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF9DF9E66A8FF9EA" bold="true" box="[72,182,1542,1575]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Habitat.</emphasis>
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Primary, secondary, littoral, evergreen, semi-deciduous, and deciduous lowland rainforests, also riparian forest and edges of clearings at low to medium altitudes. The Southern Needle-clawed Galagolives at heights of 15-30 m above the ground and generally prefers the upper canopy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF92F9446BD7F87D" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF92F9446BD7F87D" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF92F9446B68F908" bold="true" box="[71,337,1700,1733]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Southern Needle-clawed
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FCD2F9446951F908" box="[775,872,1700,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
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is a specialized gummivore, supplementing its diet with fruit, young leaves, insects, and an occasional bird. In the single long-term study of the species, 80% of gum was taken from a single liana,
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FB4EF9136EC3F8D9" authorityName="Adanson" authorityYear="1763" box="[1179,1274,1779,1812]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Entada" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Entada</taxonomicName>
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gigas (
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FF4AF8FA6B1EF8F6" box="[159,295,1818,1851]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
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). The toothcomb can be used to scrape gum, and the long tongueis used to lick resin and gum from holes. Invertebrates such as cicadas are caught with the hands. Insect prey appears to supplements gum and was found in stomachs of collected specimens in Rio Muni.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF92F8576B56F7B9" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="breeding">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF92F8576B56F7B9" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF92F8576AF4F815" bold="true" box="[71,205,1975,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Births of the Southern Needle-clawed
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FD28F8576967F815" box="[765,862,1975,2008]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
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appear to occur throughout the year but mainly from January to March. Normally a single offspring is born after gestation of ¢.135 days. The mothercarries her offspring in her mouth for the first two months, after which she carries her young on her fur. Adult weight is reached at eight to ten months of age.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF90F79C6EAAF6DE" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="activity">
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<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF90F79C6EAAF6DE" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
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<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF90F79C6B11F750" bold="true" box="[69,296,2172,2205]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Southern Needle-clawed Galagos are arboreal. Although primarily nocturnal, they can be active at any time of the day or night. Claw-like nails enable them to move around on smooth supports. They move easily on tree trunks, run along branches, make horizontal leaps of 2-5 m, and can leap up to 8 m with someloss of height.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF93F6F96E9BF50E" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF93F6F96E9BF50E" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF93F6F968DAF6F7" bold="true" box="[70,739,2329,2362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
The Southern Needle-clawed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FBABF6F96EE5F6F7" box="[1150,1244,2329,2362]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is normally solitary, and the home range of the male overlaps those of several females. They sleep in huddles of up to seven individuals in dense foliage or tree forks. Males emigrate; females remain near their natal territory. Several individuals sleep in a tightly packed ball in tree forks hidden by dense foliage. They spend the entire night searching for gums, and their nails allow them to investigate large tree trunks and other areas inaccessible to most other species of galagos. Gum is located by smell. An individual can visit 500-1000 collection points/night. Southern Needle-clawed Galagos are more abundant in secondary forest where exudate food trees are common. One common call-type has high-pitched single units often repeated in long sequences (“t’ya”). It comprises a pattern of relatively low-frequency yaps, interspersed with rapid, slightly ascending sequences or rattles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF90F52E6805F4AD" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF90F52E6805F4AD" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF90F52E6BA7F526" bold="true" box="[69,414,2766,2795]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Southern Needle-clawed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7B2AF2FFC0FFE9FDA2F51168E1F4DF" box="[631,728,2801,2834]" class="Mammalia" family="Galagidae" genus="Galago" kingdom="Animalia" order="Primates" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Galago</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and common in many parts of its range. It occurs in the Dja Biosphere Reserve in Cameroon and Monte Alen National Park in Equatorial Guinea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36102FAFFC0FFE9FF90F4946BF0F41A" pageId="12" pageNumber="207" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC45171FFC0FFE9FF90F4946BF0F41A" blockId="12.[69,1275,1070,3031]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F8D63FFC0FFE9FF90F4946AE6F444" bold="true" box="[69,223,2932,2953]" pageId="12" pageNumber="207">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Ambrose (1999), Bayes (1998), Charles-Dominique (1977a), Du Chaillu (1861), Dutrillaux et al. (1982), Groves (1989, 2001), Hill (1953d), Jewell & Oates (1969a, 1969b), Nash et al. (1989), Stiner & Turmelle (2002/2003), Vincent (1972a, 1973).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |