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<document id="C1F573741DEF69FB2F482FF66A9B4CFD" ID-CLB-Dataset="22182" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="269cf599-428d-464d-8f21-994d69110c5c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825140" ID-ZooBank="B0C4A2F8-F2AB-4147-BB12-63720EEF2516" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589391149229" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ekins, Merrick, Erpenbeck, Dirk &amp; Hooper, John N. A." docDate="2020" docId="03D287B691053B55FF7EFF22FB66FCA6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4774.1.1.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4774 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cladorhiza mirabilis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="78" masterDocId="FFEBFFCE914E3B18FFE9FFBBFFF8FF9D" masterDocTitle="Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition" masterLastPageNumber="159" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="76" updateTime="1698839471418" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="58B4DC09B797CBD92AAB00C18428B049">Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D163AEBB49A2D6104DB25FCC246EFB13">Ekins, Merrick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D62D6F05527D0B78078562E7F3FBD5B7">Erpenbeck, Dirk</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="333EC889026810E0C03B0B78C98B5D90">Hooper, John N. A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5DDDD1C564EC777A088DC8FBD9424A98">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F4241021BAA70643683D980320B65FD3">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="63E51AB0A60FF16390C2DEF766C9B1D3" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4774.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D287B691053B55FF7EFF22FB66FCA6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3846403" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164131167" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3846403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B691053B55FF7EFF22FB66FCA6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D287B691053B55FF7EFF22FB66FCA6" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF7EFF22FD44FF2E" box="[151,700,153,180]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFF22FD44FF2E" blockId="75.[151,700,153,216]" box="[151,700,153,180]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<heading id="D08C81CC91053B53FF7EFF22FD44FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,700,153,180]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF7EFF22FD44FF2E" ID-CoL="852LV" authority="(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[151,700,153,180]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFF22FD44FF2E" bold="true" box="[151,700,153,180]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFF22FE68FF29" bold="true" box="[151,400,153,180]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Cladorhiza mirabilis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE76FF22FD4CFF2E" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[415,692,153,180]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref75668" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF7EFF06FE67FF4A" box="[151,415,189,216]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFF06FE67FF4A" blockId="75.[151,700,153,216]" box="[151,415,189,216]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FF7EFF06FEFCFF4A" box="[151,260,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Type of Axoniderma mirabile, BMNH 1887.5.2.141. B. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. C. Pseudoamphiaster. D. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. E. Sigma. F. Section through a filament showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome and two sizes of styles in the endosome. G. Section through the end of the filament showing the external layer of pseudoamphiasters and the anisochelae in the endosome. H. Section through the body of the sponge showing the intersection of the stem and the filament rays, with encrusting pseudoamphiasters. I Section through the body with ectosome of pseudoamphiasters and anisochelae in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figure 11</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91053B53FEF9FF06FE95FF45" box="[272,365,189,216]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="49.[151,239,518,544]" captionTargetBox="[162,2025,595,1642]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparative morphological and distributional data for all known species of Cladorhiza." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF046628917F3B29FF7EFDBDFB46FDBD">Tables 5</tableCitation>
&amp;
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91053B53FE78FF06FE67FF4A" box="[401,415,189,215]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="75.[151,239,854,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1385,893,1246]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="TABLE 8. A comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Cladorhiza mirabilis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0">8</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF7EFEB9FD44FEEB" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFEB9FD59FE87" blockId="75.[151,1077,257,374]" box="[151,673,257,282]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118E91053B53FF7EFEB9FD59FE87" box="[151,673,257,282]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B191053B53FF7EFEB9FD65FE87" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[151,669,257,282]" page="344" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF7EFEB9FD65FE87" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 344" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="344" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,669,257,282]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Myriotrochidae" genus="Trochoderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Apodida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFEB9FE83FE87" box="[151,379,258,282]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Trochoderma mirabile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE68FEBAFD65FE87" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[385,669,257,282]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref75668" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 344</bibRefCitation>
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.
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<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFE9BFD6DFEA5" blockId="75.[151,1077,257,374]" box="[151,661,288,313]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118E91053B53FF7EFE9BFD6DFEA5" box="[151,661,288,313]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B191053B53FF7EFE9BFD69FEA5" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[151,657,288,313]" page="493" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1886">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF7EFE9BFD69FEA5" ID-CoL="84XL6" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 493" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="493" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,657,288,313]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Axoniderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFE9BFE97FEA5" box="[151,367,288,312]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Axoniderma mirabile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE9FFE9BFD69FEA5" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[374,657,288,313]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="325 - 351" refId="ref75668" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger. Part I. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 18, 325 - 351 + 470 - 493. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938609459998" type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 493</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFE84FBCDFECA" blockId="75.[151,1077,257,374]" box="[151,1077,318,343]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118E91053B53FF7EFE84FBCDFECA" box="[151,1077,318,343]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B191053B53FF7EFE84FD52FECA" author="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A." box="[151,682,318,343]" page="98" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1887">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF7EFE84FD52FECA" ID-CoL="84XL6" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887: 97 - 98" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="97 - 98" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,682,318,343]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Axoniderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFE84FE97FECA" box="[151,367,319,343]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Axoniderma mirabile</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE9FFE85FD52FECA" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[374,682,318,343]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1887: 97–98</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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, Pl. XX,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FCEEFE85FCBCFECA" box="[775,836,318,343]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1594,1619]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1568]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1437,181,1568]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Abyssocladia gliscofila sp. nov. Holotype QM G337499. B. Paratype QM G337492. C. Arcuate isochelae. D. Mycalostyle in the stem, filaments and basal holdfast. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in D. F. Style from the basal rootlets. G. Magnified ends of the style depicted in F. H. SEM showing the isochelae forming the ectosome over the mycalostyle bundles in the ectosome of the filaments." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825150/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
, Pl. XXI,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FC43FE85FC09FECA" box="[938,1009,318,343]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="48.[151,250,1289,1314]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@48.[151,1437,181,1264]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="FIGURE 8. Cladorhiza australis nov. sp. Holotype QM G337456.A. Stem of the sponge, showing the carpet of ‘cleistochelate’ anisochelae, and where they have been abraded off the underlying sheath of the ectosome. B. Close-up of the ‘cleistochelate’ anisochelae in A. C. Stem of the sponge with the ectosome peeled off the underlying mycalostyle bundle of the endosome. Note the mycalostyle contained in the ectosome. D. Two filaments, the uppermost filament has part of the ectosomal layer containing the ‘unguiferate’ anisochelae removed showing the mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825156" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825156/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Figs. 8</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FC15FE84FBF2FECA" box="[1020,1034,319,343]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="73.[151,250,1813,1838]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetId="figure@73.[151,1436,181,1787]" captionTargetPageId="73" captionText="FIGURE 9. Cladorhiza poritea sp. nov. A. Tridentate ‘unguiferate’ anisochelae. B. Asymmetrical pseudoamphiaster. C. Variation in the alae of the pseudoamphiasters. D. Large mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in D. F. Medium styles. G. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in F. H. Small styles. I. Magnified ends of the style illustrated in H. J. Section through the body and stem of the sponge with one of the filaments on the right. K. Paratype QM G337437. L. Holotype QM G337401. M. Paratype QM G337544." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825158/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FBFCFE84FBC9FECA" box="[1045,1073,319,343]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1810,1835]" captionTargetBox="[297,1290,181,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@74.[297,1290,181,1785]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 10. Cladorhiza poritea sp. nov. A. Body of the sponge showing the upper and lower ectosomal surface with the endosomal radiating mycalostyles in between, there are two of the filaments which have been inadvertently folded back over the sponge body. B. Magnified body surface showing the abundant pseudoamphiasters, and the underlying anisochelae. C. Stem showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome. D. L.S. stem interior with the pseudoamphiaster crust and the styles forming an outer sheath, and an internal cored of styles. E. External layer of the filaments with the anisochelae exterior to the pseudoamphiasters. F. L.S. filament interior showing a sheath of styles similar to the stem and a hollow core." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825160" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825160/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">10</figureCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFEE5FD44FEEB" blockId="75.[151,1077,257,374]" box="[151,700,349,374]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118E91053B53FF7EFEE5FD44FEEB" box="[151,700,349,374]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B191053B53FF7EFEE5FDC0FEEB" author="Koltun, V. M." box="[151,568,349,374]" page="187" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" year="1970">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF7EFEE5FDC0FEEB" ID-CoL="84XL6" authority=": Koltun, 1970: 187" authorityName=": Koltun" authorityPageNumber="187" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,568,349,374]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Axoniderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabile">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFEE5FE97FEEB" box="[151,367,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Axoniderma mirabile</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE94FEE6FDC0FEEB" author="Koltun" box="[381,568,349,374]" firstAuthor="Koltun" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun, 1970: 187</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FDABFEE6FD74FEEB" box="[578,652,349,374]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="79.[151,250,1648,1673]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@79.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="79" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cladorhiza investigator sp. nov. Holotype QM G337458. A. External view of the filaments showing the tightly packed anisochelae in the ectosome. B. The ectosome of the filaments exposed revealing the mycalostyles in the endosome. C. The external surface of the stem showing the ectosomal plates formed by the mycalostyles and the almost alternate juxtaposition of the filaments. D. Internal T.S. of the stem showing the mycalostyles buttressing the filaments after they have emerged from the confused core. In addition it shows the longitudinal tracks of mycalostyles. E. Cross section of the stem, showing the nine radial filaments intersecting in the core of the stem, and the thin wedges of anisochelae and sigmas between these arms. F. Branching roots of the sponge, showing an almost absent ectosome, but the tight bundles of mycalostyles and three thin subtylostyles in the upper branch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825166/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FD7EFEE6FD44FEEB" box="[663,700,349,374]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="25.[151,250,1594,1619]" captionStartId-1="28.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionStartId-2="47.[151,250,1876,1901]" captionStartId-3="48.[151,250,1289,1314]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1437,181,1568]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetBox-2="[203,1383,181,1851]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1437,181,1264]" captionTargetId-0="figure@25.[151,1437,181,1568]" captionTargetId-1="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId-2="figure@47.[203,1383,181,1851]" captionTargetId-3="figure@48.[151,1437,181,1264]" captionTargetPageId-0="25" captionTargetPageId-1="28" captionTargetPageId-2="47" captionTargetPageId-3="48" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. A. Abyssocladia gliscofila sp. nov. Holotype QM G337499. B. Paratype QM G337492. C. Arcuate isochelae. D. Mycalostyle in the stem, filaments and basal holdfast. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in D. F. Style from the basal rootlets. G. Magnified ends of the style depicted in F. H. SEM showing the isochelae forming the ectosome over the mycalostyle bundles in the ectosome of the filaments." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma sp. nov. A. Anisochelae. B. Smaller size class of sigmas. C. Larger size class of sigmas. D. Large mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in D. F. Smaller subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle depicted in F. H. SEM showing the main stem longitudinal bundles of mycalostyles, as well as the major filaments buttressed with the large mycalostyles and the finer filaments composed of the subtylostyles I. Preserved holotype QM G337488." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Cladorhiza australis nov. sp. Holotype QM G337456. A. Larger multidentate (3–4 upper alae) ‘cleistochelate’ anisochelae. B. ‘Cleistochelate’ anisochelae showing four upper alae. C. Smaller tridentate ‘unguiferate’ anisochelae. D. Sigma. E. Large mycalostyle. F. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in E. G. Medium-sized mycalostyle. H. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle illustrated in G. I. Small mycalostyle. J. Magnified ends of the small mycalostyle illustrated in I. K. preserved holotype. L. preserved roots of the holotype." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Cladorhiza australis nov. sp. Holotype QM G337456.A. Stem of the sponge, showing the carpet of ‘cleistochelate’ anisochelae, and where they have been abraded off the underlying sheath of the ectosome. B. Close-up of the ‘cleistochelate’ anisochelae in A. C. Stem of the sponge with the ectosome peeled off the underlying mycalostyle bundle of the endosome. Note the mycalostyle contained in the ectosome. D. Two filaments, the uppermost filament has part of the ectosomal layer containing the ‘unguiferate’ anisochelae removed showing the mycalostyles in the endosome." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825150" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825152" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825154" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825156" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3825150/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3825152/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3825154/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3825156/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">5–8</figureCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF7EFE18FEFAFD9B" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFE18FEFAFD9B" blockId="75.[151,1437,419,807]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFE18FE71FE23" bold="true" box="[151,393,419,446]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Material Examined:</emphasis>
Histological slides of
<typeStatus id="54C0880291053B53FD6FFE1EFD30FE22" box="[646,712,421,447]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Types</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591053B53FD39FE1EFCDCFE22" box="[720,804,421,447]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">BMNH</collectionCode>
1887.5.2.141 and
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE6591053B53FC1FFE1EFBB2FE22" box="[1014,1098,421,447]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">BMNH</collectionCode>
1891.10.3.49: south of Easter Island, South Pacific, Station 291,
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FDCFFE73FD04FE7F" box="[550,764,456,482]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">H.M.S. Challenger</emphasis>
,
<date id="FFC5106091053B53FCE5FE7CFC78FE7F" box="[780,896,455,482]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" value="1875-10-27">27/x/1875</date>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791053B53FC67FE73FC0CFE7F" box="[910,1012,456,482]" degrees="39" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="925" value="-39.216667">39° 13’S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F506791053B53FBEAFE73FB7FFE7E" box="[1027,1159,456,483]" degrees="118" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" precision="925" value="-118.816666">118° 49’ W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="4C839B4591053B53FB7DFE7CFB12FE7E" box="[1172,1258,455,483]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.115" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="m" value="4115.0">4115 m</quantity>
depth, red clay substrate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF2EFDB4FB70FDB7" box="[199,1160,527,555]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EFDB4FB70FDB7" blockId="75.[151,1437,419,807]" box="[199,1160,527,555]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EFDB4FEA1FDB7" bold="true" box="[199,345,527,554]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Distribution</emphasis>
: This species is presently known only from the South and North Pacific.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B53FF2EFD88FC7AF92B" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EFD88FEA3FDD3" blockId="75.[151,1437,419,807]" box="[199,347,563,590]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EFD88FEA3FDD3" bold="true" box="[199,347,563,590]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Description:</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EFDE3FA87FD26" blockId="75.[151,1437,419,807]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EFDE3FEA3FDEF" box="[199,347,600,626]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Growth form</emphasis>
: Pedunculate erect, ‘crinorhizoid’ parasol-shaped with conical cap-shaped body with terminal papillae, perched on the end of a long slender stem, with numerous long filaments surrounding the body, basal attachment not recorded.
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FE49FD1BFD52FD27" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[416,682,672,698]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
record the height of the specimen (with broken stem) as
<quantity id="4C839B4591053B53FAC0FD24FA83FD26" box="[1321,1403,671,699]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="54.0">54 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EFD7FFD7CFCBA" blockId="75.[151,1437,419,807]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EFD7FFE59FD43" box="[199,417,708,734]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Ectosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: The ectosomal skeleton of the filaments consists of granular collagen membrane containing predominantly larger pseudoamphiasters embedded vertical to the axial bundles of styles, and interspersed with smaller unguiferate anisochelae (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FDE0FCB7FD8FFCBA" box="[521,631,780,807]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Type of Axoniderma mirabile, BMNH 1887.5.2.141. B. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. C. Pseudoamphiaster. D. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. E. Sigma. F. Section through a filament showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome and two sizes of styles in the endosome. G. Section through the end of the filament showing the external layer of pseudoamphiasters and the anisochelae in the endosome. H. Section through the body of the sponge showing the intersection of the stem and the filament rays, with encrusting pseudoamphiasters. I Section through the body with ectosome of pseudoamphiasters and anisochelae in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 11 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" ID-Table-UUID="DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" box="[151,985,854,878]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" targetBox="[163,1385,893,1246]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="75">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" blockId="75.[151,985,854,878]" box="[151,985,854,878]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF7EFCEDFEFBFCF3" bold="true" box="[151,259,854,878]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">TABLE 8</emphasis>
. A comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FD1DFCEDFC2AFCF3" baseAuthorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[756,978,854,878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FD1DFCEDFC2AFCF3" box="[756,978,854,878]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Cladorhiza mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF4AFCC6FAE8FB5D" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<table id="F97BC4009105C4E7FF4AFCC6FA91FB43" box="[163,1385,893,1246]" gridcols="5" gridrows="4" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<tr id="354B34E29105C4E7FF4AFCC6FA91FC0B" box="[163,1385,893,918]" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FF4AFCC6FE2FFC0B" box="[163,471,893,918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Species</th>
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FDE0FCC6FD48FC0B" box="[521,688,893,918]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Anisochelae</th>
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FD26FCC6FC69FC0B" box="[719,913,893,918]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Pseudoamphiasters</th>
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FC39FCC6FB4EFC0B" box="[976,1206,893,918]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Styles-mycalostyles</th>
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FB26FCC6FA91FC0B" box="[1231,1385,893,918]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Sigmas</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E29105C4E7FF4AFC0CFA91FB90" box="[163,1385,951,1037]" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FF4AFC0CFE2FFB90" box="[163,471,951,1037]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF4AFC03FF11FC73" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF4AFC03FEE4FC52" box="[163,284,951,975]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FECBFC0CFF11FC73" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (published measurements)
</th>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FDE0FC0CFD48FB90" box="[521,688,951,1037]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">38</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FD26FC0CFC69FB90" box="[719,913,951,1037]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">&lt;230</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FC39FC0CFB4EFB90" box="[976,1206,951,1037]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3500</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FB26FC0CFA91FB90" box="[1231,1385,951,1037]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">76</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E29105C4E7FF4AFB9FFA91FBE7" box="[163,1385,1060,1146]" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FF4AFB9FFE2FFBE7" box="[163,471,1060,1146]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF4AFB9EFEE4FBA0" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1887" box="[163,284,1061,1085]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF4AFB9EFEE4FBA0" box="[163,284,1061,1085]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
type (re-examina- tion of type, this study)
</th>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FDE0FB9FFD48FBE7" box="[521,688,1060,1146]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">31.3-(40.1)-48.2 x 2.0-(4.3)-8.3, n=50</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FD26FB9FFC69FBE7" box="[719,913,1060,1146]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">127-(191)-295 x 8.3-(13.5)-17.8, n=50</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FC39FB9FFB4EFBE7" box="[976,1206,1060,1146]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Large: up to 6000 x 11 Small: up to 300 x 5</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FB26FB9FFA91FBE7" box="[1231,1385,1060,1146]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">88-(106)-114 x 2.3-(3.6)-5.0, n=9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E29105C4E7FF4AFB1CFA91FB43" box="[163,1385,1191,1246]" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<th id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FF4AFB1CFE2FFB43" box="[163,471,1191,1246]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FF4AFB13FE4DFB5D" authority="Koltun (1970)" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[163,437,1191,1216]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF4AFB13FEE4FB5D" box="[163,284,1192,1216]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FECBFB1CFE4DFB5D" author="Koltun" box="[290,437,1191,1216]" firstAuthor="Koltun" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun (1970)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, (published measurements)
</th>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FDE0FB1CFD48FB43" box="[521,688,1191,1246]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">33-38</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FD26FB1CFC69FB43" box="[719,913,1191,1246]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">88-(104)-230</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FC39FB1CFB4EFB43" box="[976,1206,1191,1246]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">3500</td>
<td id="769A5D9E9105C4E7FB26FB1CFA91FB43" box="[1231,1385,1191,1246]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">absent</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EFAE3FE64F99F" blockId="75.[151,1437,1367,2006]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EFAE3FE52FAEF" box="[199,426,1368,1394]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Endosomal skeleton</emphasis>
: Axis of filaments cored by small bundles of 4-5 larger styles-mycalostyles and tracts of few smaller styles running parallel to the axis (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FD75FAC7FCF0FA0A" box="[668,776,1404,1431]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Type of Axoniderma mirabile, BMNH 1887.5.2.141. B. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. C. Pseudoamphiaster. D. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. E. Sigma. F. Section through a filament showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome and two sizes of styles in the endosome. G. Section through the end of the filament showing the external layer of pseudoamphiasters and the anisochelae in the endosome. H. Section through the body of the sponge showing the intersection of the stem and the filament rays, with encrusting pseudoamphiasters. I Section through the body with ectosome of pseudoamphiasters and anisochelae in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 11 D</figureCitation>
). Axis of stem and body with thick multispicular bundles of styles-mycalostyles that appear to consist mainly of the larger size class, with single or a few larger styles projecting on the terminal papillae at right angles to the axis (
<figureCitation id="13402A2591053B53FD26FA7FFCC1FA42" box="[719,825,1476,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="76.[151,250,1796,1821]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetId="figure@76.[151,1436,181,1771]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="FIGURE 11. A. Type of Axoniderma mirabile, BMNH 1887.5.2.141. B. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. C. Pseudoamphiaster. D. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. E. Sigma. F. Section through a filament showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome and two sizes of styles in the endosome. G. Section through the end of the filament showing the external layer of pseudoamphiasters and the anisochelae in the endosome. H. Section through the body of the sponge showing the intersection of the stem and the filament rays, with encrusting pseudoamphiasters. I Section through the body with ectosome of pseudoamphiasters and anisochelae in the endosome." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825162/files/figure.png" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Fig. 11 E</figureCitation>
), and a thick cortex encrusted with pseudoamphiasters and other microscleres.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EF9B7FCB3F9F3" blockId="75.[151,1437,1367,2006]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EF9B7FEA5F9BB" box="[199,349,1548,1574]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Megascleres:</emphasis>
Styles in two categories, very large styles-mycalostyles ranging up to
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in length (mostly broken in the histological slide of the
<typeStatus id="54C0880291053B53FDADF98BFD57F9D6" box="[580,687,1584,1611]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
), and thinner supporting styles up to
<quantity id="4C839B4591053B53FBBBF98BFB52F9D6" box="[1106,1194,1584,1611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 µm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4C839B4591053B53FAF2F994FAAFF9D6" box="[1307,1367,1583,1611]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 µm</quantity>
wide. Both sizes are styles occur together in the stem and filaments.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EF9C3FC7AF92B" blockId="75.[151,1437,1367,2006]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EF9C3FEAFF90F" box="[199,343,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Microscleres</emphasis>
: Pseudoamphiasters (127-(191)-295 x 8-(13)-18 μm, n=50), with 4-6 alae. Anisochelae (31-(40)- 48 x 2-(4)-8 μm, n=50), Sigmas (88-(106)-114 x 2-(4)-5 μm, n=9).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C361652B91053B55FF2EF97BFB66FCA6" lastPageId="77" lastPageNumber="78" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EF97BFB27F8BF" blockId="75.[151,1437,1367,2006]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FF2EF97BFECCF947" bold="true" box="[199,308,1728,1754]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">Remarks</emphasis>
: The redescription of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391053B53FDDBF97AFD41F947" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[562,697,1728,1755]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291053B53FDDBF97AFD41F947" box="[562,697,1728,1755]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from its microscope slide
<typeStatus id="54C0880291053B53FC01F97AFBE0F946" box="[1000,1048,1729,1755]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">type</typeStatus>
clarifies some uncertainties in the original measurements of spicules provided by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FD5FF95FFC32F963" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[694,970,1764,1790]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
, and its possession of larger and smaller categories of styles-mycalostyles as structural and supporting megascleres, respectively (
<tableCitation id="C6F9031B91053B53FB93F8B3FB29F8BF" box="[1146,1233,1800,1826]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="75.[151,239,854,878]" captionTargetBox="[163,1385,893,1246]" captionTargetPageId="75" captionText="TABLE 8. A comparison of spicule dimensions (µm) of Cladorhiza mirabilis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" tableUuid="DF04662891053B53FF7EFCEDFC21FCF0">Table 8</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091053B53FF2EF897FE02F84B" blockId="75.[151,1437,1367,2006]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FF2EF897FE81F8DB" author="Koltun's" box="[199,377,1836,1862]" firstAuthor="Koltun's" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun’s (1970)</bibRefCitation>
also records this species from the North Pacific, listing a range of measurements for anisochelae and pseudoamphiasters, although it is unclear in his reference to pseudoamphiasters (“sometimes up to
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long”), whether he was referring to additional spicules he observed in his material, or referring to
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191053B53FAC8F8CFFEBDF82F" author="Ridley and Dendy's" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley and Dendy’s (1887)</bibRefCitation>
measurements, or both. He noted his material only differed from the
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD2991053B53FBAEF823FB28F82F" box="[1095,1232,1944,1970]" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" type="generic">2 specimens</specimenCount>
described by Ridley &amp; Dendy in lacking sigmas.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662891023B54FF7EF8BFFC59F84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3825162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825162/files/figure.png" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" startId="76.[151,250,1796,1821]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1771]" targetPageId="76">
<paragraph id="8BC436A091023B54FF7EF8BFFC59F84C" blockId="76.[151,1437,1796,2001]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291023B54FF7EF8BFFED9F880" bold="true" box="[151,289,1796,1821]" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
A. Type of
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291023B54FE4AF8BEFD7CF880" box="[419,644,1797,1821]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="77">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391023B54FE4AF8BEFD87F880" authorityName=": Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[419,639,1797,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Axoniderma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabile">Axoniderma mirabile</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
BMNH 1887.5.2.141. B. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. C. Pseudoamphiaster. D. Pseudoamphiaster and an unguiferate anisochelae. E. Sigma. F. Section through a filament showing the encrusting pseudoamphiasters in the ectosome and two sizes of styles in the endosome. G. Section through the end of the filament showing the external layer of pseudoamphiasters and the anisochelae in the endosome. H. Section through the body of the sponge showing the intersection of the stem and the filament rays, with encrusting pseudoamphiasters. I Section through the body with ectosome of pseudoamphiasters and anisochelae in the endosome.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFF22FDCBFE32" blockId="77.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Re-examination of the data from the
<typeStatus id="54C0880291033B55FD83FF22FD34FF2E" box="[618,716,153,179]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FD1AFF22FC98FF2E" box="[755,864,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FD1AFF22FC98FF2E" box="[755,864,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during this study also revealed the range of anisochelae to be: 23-31-35 μm, pseudoamphiasters: 120-(136)-153 μm, styles (in three classes, 4041-(5067)-7142 x 52-(71)-96, 3419-(4172)-5146 x 25-(61)-102, 1518-(2565)-3330 x 14-(44)-79 μm and sigmancistras: 75-(98)-121 μm. The shape of the parasol apparently diagnostic for
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FD12FEBEFC9EFE82" box="[763,870,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FD12FEBEFC9EFE82" box="[763,870,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FC9AFEBEFBA5FE82" author="Lundsten" box="[883,1117,261,287]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="247 - 260" refId="ref75606" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Austin, W. C. (2017) Three new species of Cladorhiza (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa, 4317 (2), 247 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4317.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Lundsten
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FC0AFEBDFBE3FE82" box="[995,1051,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
:
<figureCitation id="13402A2591033B55FB8EFEBEFB45FEBD" box="[1127,1213,261,288]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1721,1746]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[151,1436,181,1695]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 6. Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma sp. nov. A. Anisochelae. B. Smaller size class of sigmas. C. Larger size class of sigmas. D. Large mycalostyle. E. Magnified ends of the mycalostyle depicted in D. F. Smaller subtylostyle. G. Magnified ends of the subtylostyle depicted in F. H. SEM showing the main stem longitudinal bundles of mycalostyles, as well as the major filaments buttressed with the large mycalostyles and the finer filaments composed of the subtylostyles I. Preserved holotype QM G337488." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3825152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3825152/files/figure.png" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) has the same vertical orientation of the filaments as does
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FDBAFE92FD22FEDE" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[595,730,297,323]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FDBAFE92FD22FEDE" box="[595,730,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FD16FE92FC4AFEDE" author="Koltun's" box="[767,946,297,323]" firstAuthor="Koltun's" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun’s (1970)</bibRefCitation>
Plate 6 figure 7. Consequently, it would be informative to re-examine the maximum dimensions of the pseudoamphiaster in
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FBCCFEF6FB20FEFA" author="Koltun's" box="[1061,1240,333,359]" firstAuthor="Koltun's" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun’s (1970)</bibRefCitation>
specimen, which may show it to be conspecific with
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FDC3FECAFD6FFE16" box="[554,663,369,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FDC3FECAFD6FFE16" box="[554,663,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and thus, suggest a pan North Pacific distribution, or as it currently is, a North-South Pacific continuum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFE02FE5CFDFE" blockId="77.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Unfortunately, neither the
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of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FD96FE02FD15FE4E" box="[639,749,441,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FD96FE02FD15FE4E" box="[639,749,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nor
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FCCAFE02FC2FFE4E" author="Koltun's" box="[803,983,441,467]" firstAuthor="Koltun's" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="165 - 221" refId="ref74764" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1970) Sponge fauna of the northwestern Pacific from the shallows to the hadal depths. In: Bogorov, V. G. (Ed.), Fauna of the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench and its environment. Institute of Oceanology of the Academy of Sciences of the U. S. S. R., 86. (Akademiya Nauk SSSR. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii in P. P. Shishov and Izdatelstvo Nauka, Moskwa, pp. 165 - 221." type="book chapter" year="1970">Koltun’s (1970)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FC09FE02FB90FE4E" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[992,1128,441,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FC09FE02FB90FE4E" box="[992,1128,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was available for us to reexamine. Re-examination of the type of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FD8DFE66FD13FE6A" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[612,747,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FD8DFE66FD13FE6A" box="[612,747,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under an SEM or using molecular techniques would also be useful. In any case, a population genetic approach based on fresh specimens from the North and South Pacific would test the connectivity between temperate Pacific Ocean waters both sides of the equator, and even both sides of the International Date Line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFDD6FE42FD6E" blockId="77.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FF2EFDD6FE3DFD1A" author="Lundsten" box="[199,453,621,647]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="247 - 260" refId="ref75606" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Austin, W. C. (2017) Three new species of Cladorhiza (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa, 4317 (2), 247 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4317.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Lundsten
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FED1FDD5FE8AFD1A" box="[312,370,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
appear to have misinterpreted
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FCC1FDD6FBB3FD1A" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy's" box="[808,1099,621,647]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy’s (1887)</bibRefCitation>
description, with the original description of
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FED1FD2AFE45FD36" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[312,445,657,683]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FED1FD2AFE45FD36" box="[312,445,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a basal width of
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FD26FD2AFCE9FD36" box="[719,785,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, compared to
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FC47FD2AFC03FD36" box="[942,1019,657,683]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="11.0">11 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FBF7FD2AFB71FD36" box="[1054,1161,657,683]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FBF7FD2AFB71FD36" box="[1054,1161,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The lateral processes in
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FF7EFD0EFEE6FD52" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,286,693,719]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FF7EFD0EFEE6FD52" box="[151,286,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were listed as about
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FDE5FD0EFDA4FD52" box="[524,604,693,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FD6EFD0EFC6BFD52" author="Ridley &amp; Dendy" box="[647,915,693,719]" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)</bibRefCitation>
and these compare to
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FB7BFD0FFAF4FD52" box="[1170,1292,692,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="46.5" valueMax="51.0" valueMin="42.0">42–51 mm</quantity>
in
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FAD9FD0EFA65FD52" box="[1328,1437,693,719]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hubbsi">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FAD9FD0EFA65FD52" box="[1328,1437,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. hubbsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FF53FD62FE4EFD6E" author="Lundsten" box="[186,438,729,755]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lundsten" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="247 - 260" refId="ref75606" refString="Lundsten, L., Reiswig, H. M. &amp; Austin, W. C. (2017) Three new species of Cladorhiza (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Cladorhizidae) from the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa, 4317 (2), 247 - 260. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4317.2.3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Lundsten
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FEC0FD61FE9AFD6E" box="[297,354,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2017)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A091033B55FF2EFD46FB66FCA6" blockId="77.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">
Unfortunately, also, both Lenhert
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FDACFD45FD86FC8A" box="[581,638,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">et al.</emphasis>
(2005) and
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FCE1FD46FBF0FC8A" author="Lopes &amp; Hajdu" box="[776,1032,765,791]" firstAuthor="Lopes" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" pagination="329 - 356" refId="ref75363" refString="Lopes, D. A. &amp; Hajdu, E. (2014) Carnivorous sponges from deep-sea coral mounds in the Campos Basin (SW Atlantic), with the description of six new species (Cladorhizidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae). Marine Biology Research, 10 (4), 329 - 356. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2013.797587" type="journal article" year="2014">Lopes &amp; Hajdu (2014)</bibRefCitation>
mistakenly list
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B5191033B55FB55FD46FF1AFCA6" author="Ridley and Dendy's" firstAuthor="Ridley" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" refId="ref75727" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. ' Challenger', 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 20 (59), i-lxviii + 1 - 275, pls. I-LI, 1 map." type="book" year="1887">Ridley and Dendy’s (1887)</bibRefCitation>
measurements of the pseudoamphiasters in
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D2391033B55FD39FC9AFCAEFCA6" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1970" box="[720,854,801,827]" class="Demospongiae" family="Cladorhizidae" genus="Cladorhiza" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mirabilis">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB291033B55FD39FC9AFCAEFCA6" box="[720,854,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="77" pageNumber="78">C. mirabilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FC92FC9AFC3CFCA6" box="[891,964,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
instead of
<quantity id="4C839B4591033B55FBA9FC9AFB62FCA6" box="[1088,1178,801,827]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="77" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="230.0">230 µm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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