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<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a6a1a213-903b-4c6f-b317-50fc21657684" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7695481" ID-ZooBank="27C78E3C-CD39-4BA9-99D0-778D850368C7" checkinTime="1677744247128" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Novaes-E-Fagundes, Gabriel, Lyra, Mariana L., Loredam, Vinicius S. A., Carvalho, Thiago R., Haddad, Célio F. B., Rodrigues, Miguel T., Baldo, Diego, Barrasso, Diego A., Loebmann, Daniel, Ávila, Robson W., Brusquetti, Francisco, Prudente, Ana L. C., Wheeler, Ward C., Orrico, Victor Goyannes Dill &amp; Peloso, Pedro" docDate="2023" docId="03D26765400E1D29D4CE4044ED2400C2" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac057.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Elachistocleis matogrosso Caramaschi 2010" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="558" masterDocId="FFEB1F1D40021D24D45F4756EF4E0678" masterDocTitle="A tale of two bellies: systematics of the oval frogs (Anura: Microhylidae: Elachistocleis)" masterLastPageNumber="568" masterPageNumber="545" pageNumber="557" updateTime="1677842110288" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A tale of two bellies: systematics of the oval frogs (Anura: Microhylidae: Elachistocleis)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Novaes-E-Fagundes, Gabriel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lyra, Mariana L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Loredam, Vinicius S. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Carvalho, Thiago R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Haddad, Célio F. B.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Miguel T.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Baldo, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Barrasso, Diego A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Loebmann, Daniel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ávila, Robson W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brusquetti, Francisco</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Prudente, Ana L. C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wheeler, Ward C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Orrico, Victor Goyannes Dill</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Peloso, Pedro</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-08-24</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>197</mods:number>
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<mods:start>545</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac057</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695493" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7695493" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D26765400E1D29D4CE4044ED2400C2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D26765400E1D29D4CE4044ED2400C2" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="557" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="12.[145,757,1810,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="38X3C" ID-ENA="2743158" authority="Caramaschi, 2010" authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[145,690,1810,1834]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
Elachistocleis matogrosso
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi U" box="[468,690,1810,1834]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14635" refString="Caramaschi U. 2010. Notes on the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis oValis (Schneider, 1799) and description of five new species of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 527: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">
<emphasis box="[468,690,1810,1834]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">Caramaschi, 2010</emphasis>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">as junior subjective synonym of</emphasis>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[499,757,1842,1866]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">Elachistocleis bicolor</taxonomicName>
<emphasis box="[145,447,1874,1898]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">
(
<bibRefCitation author="Guerin-Meneville F-E" box="[154,437,1874,1898]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" refId="ref16247" refString="Guerin-Meneville F-E. 1838. Iconographie du regne Animal de G. CuVier ou representation d'apres nature de l'une des especes les plus remarquables et souVent non enVore figurees, de chaque genre d'animaux, aVec un texte descriptiff mis au courant de la science, Vol. 3 (Part - Reptiles). Paris: J. B. Balliere." type="book" year="1838">Guérin-méneville, 1838</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="12.[809,1425,1232,1897]" lastBlockId="13.[163,780,197,1722]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="558" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">
The two topotypical samples of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[1192,1359,1232,1253]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[1192,1210,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1226,1359,1232,1253]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were recovered in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[962,1074,1262,1284]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[962,980,1263,1284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[995,1074,1262,1283]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation box="[1092,1158,1262,1284]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,244,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[226,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@5.[226,1378,239,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Species delimitation in Elachistocleis. The tree shown is from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis with only 16S + COI from only Elachistocleis samples (tree rooted in E. araios). Numbers on branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot support values. Asterisks represent support above 80/95. The terminals of the tree are named as: original labelling of" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695483/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Although some SDM analyses grouped those samples as a different putative species (see ASAP-16S-splitter and mPTP,
<figureCitation box="[1287,1349,1324,1346]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,244,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[226,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@5.[226,1378,239,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Species delimitation in Elachistocleis. The tree shown is from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis with only 16S + COI from only Elachistocleis samples (tree rooted in E. araios). Numbers on branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot support values. Asterisks represent support above 80/95. The terminals of the tree are named as: original labelling of" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695483/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), their morphological variation falls in what we observed for
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[809,924,1385,1407]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[809,827,1386,1407]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[843,924,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as delimited herein.
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi U" box="[1196,1425,1385,1407]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14635" refString="Caramaschi U. 2010. Notes on the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis oValis (Schneider, 1799) and description of five new species of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 527: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">Caramaschi (2010)</bibRefCitation>
distinguished
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[975,1086,1415,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[975,993,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1008,1086,1415,1436]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[1146,1309,1416,1437]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[1146,1164,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1179,1309,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by subtle differences in four morphological traits: head proportions (HL/HW about
<quantity box="[982,1059,1477,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3368" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" unit="in" value="0.92">0.92 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[1065,1222,1477,1499]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[1065,1083,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1096,1222,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. HL/HW below
<quantity box="[809,888,1507,1529]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.286" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" unit="in" value="0.9">0.90 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[896,1006,1507,1529]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[896,914,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[928,1006,1507,1528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); the mid-dorsal white line (present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[839,996,1539,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[839,857,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[869,996,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. absent in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1153,1260,1538,1560]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[1153,1171,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1184,1260,1538,1559]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); loreal region colouration (same grey colour of dorsum in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[1272,1425,1569,1590]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[1272,1289,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1300,1425,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and white in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[961,1069,1599,1621]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[961,979,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[992,1069,1599,1620]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); and shape of the femoral line (broad in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[919,1078,1631,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[919,937,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[950,1078,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
vs. thin in
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[1208,1316,1630,1652]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[1208,1226,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1239,1316,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). None of these differences listed by
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi U" box="[1129,1354,1661,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14635" refString="Caramaschi U. 2010. Notes on the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis oValis (Schneider, 1799) and description of five new species of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 527: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">Caramaschi (2010)</bibRefCitation>
holds for the voucher specimens we examined. All are in the range of variation of those characters: the HL/HW ratio varies significantly from 0.76 to 0.93 (
<emphasis box="[1240,1260,1753,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">N</emphasis>
= 24), and the specimens from Cuiabá (
<typeStatus box="[1087,1136,1784,1805]" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[1260,1416,1784,1805]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="12" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[1260,1277,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[1290,1416,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) have the ratio of 0.84 and 0.88; the mid-dorsal line may be present or absent (
<figureCitation box="[1044,1104,1845,1867]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,244,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[226,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@5.[226,1378,239,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Species delimitation in Elachistocleis. The tree shown is from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis with only 16S + COI from only Elachistocleis samples (tree rooted in E. araios). Numbers on branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot support values. Asterisks represent support above 80/95. The terminals of the tree are named as: original labelling of" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695483/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); all vouchers have the loreal region with the same colour of the dorsum, which varies from shades of grey to brown; the femoral line is usually thin, but at least one voucher from
<collectingCountry box="[588,707,228,250]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(LGE 10782) has a broad line, as does one voucher from Cuiabá originally assigned to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[412,570,290,311]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[412,429,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[443,570,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">matogrosso</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(AAG-UFU 5954). Therefore, due to its phylogenetic position, and genetic and morphological similarity, we formally propose that
<taxonomicName authority="Caramaschi, 2010" authorityName="Caramaschi" authorityYear="2010" box="[163,657,381,403]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matogrosso">
<emphasis box="[163,449,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Elachistocleis matogrosso</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi U" box="[456,657,381,403]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14635" refString="Caramaschi U. 2010. Notes on the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis oValis (Schneider, 1799) and description of five new species of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 527: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">Caramaschi, 2010</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName authority="(GuerinMeneville, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[428,672,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Elachistocleis bicolor</emphasis>
(GuérinMéneville, 1838)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,780,197,1722]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[187,460,473,494]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[187,460,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Elachistocleis bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a long and complex nomenclatural history (for a summary and references see:
<bibRefCitation author="Frost DR" box="[215,349,535,556]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" refId="ref15912" refString="Frost DR. 2022. Amphibian species of the aeorld: an online reference, V. 6.1. New York: American Museum of Natural History. Doi: 10.5531 / db. vz. 0001. Electronic database available at https: // amphibiansoftheworld. amnh. org / index. php (accessed 2 April 2022)." type="book" year="2022">Frost, 2022</bibRefCitation>
). Currently,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[502,616,534,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[502,520,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[536,616,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is recognized as a species with an immaculate yellow venter and dorsum lacking the mid-dorsal white line (
<bibRefCitation author="Lavilla EO &amp; Vaira M &amp; Ferrari L" box="[171,388,626,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="269 - 284" refId="ref17160" refString="Lavilla EO, Vaira M, Ferrari L. 2003. A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis oValis - E. bicolor controversy. Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 269 - 284." type="journal article" year="2003">
Lavilla
<emphasis box="[260,318,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
, 2003
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Caramaschi U" box="[401,610,626,648]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="1 - 30" refId="ref14635" refString="Caramaschi U. 2010. Notes on the taxonomic status of Elachistocleis oValis (Schneider, 1799) and description of five new species of Elachistocleis Parker, 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional 527: 1 - 30." type="journal article" year="2010">Caramaschi, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Lavilla EO &amp; Vaira M &amp; Ferrari L" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="269 - 284" refId="ref17160" refString="Lavilla EO, Vaira M, Ferrari L. 2003. A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis oValis - E. bicolor controversy. Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 269 - 284." type="journal article" year="2003">
Lavilla
<emphasis box="[721,779,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
argued that the
<typeStatus box="[446,497,658,679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">type</typeStatus>
locality of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[635,750,657,679]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[635,653,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[669,750,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is
<collectingRegion box="[163,324,688,710]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry box="[336,459,688,710]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Argentina</collectingCountry>
; although it is not clear if they were referring to the city of
<collectingRegion box="[549,702,718,740]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
or the Province of
<collectingRegion box="[301,457,749,771]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
. Our conclusions would not change either way, as all the nearest samples to both regions belong to the same species (
<figureCitation box="[568,638,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,244,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[226,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@5.[226,1378,239,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Species delimitation in Elachistocleis. The tree shown is from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis with only 16S + COI from only Elachistocleis samples (tree rooted in E. araios). Numbers on branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot support values. Asterisks represent support above 80/95. The terminals of the tree are named as: original labelling of" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695483/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[650,664,811,832]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="11.[163,243,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[297,1305,198,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-26@11.[298,1308,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 3. Geographic location of sampled specimens (symbols) and type-localities of the nominal species (numbers). 1, Elachistocleis araios; 2, E. bicolor (here illustrated as the city of Buenos Aires; see Discussion); 3, E. bumbameuboi; 4, E. carƲalhoi; 5, E. cesarii; 6, E. corumbaensis; 7, E. erythrogaster; 8, E. haroi; 9, E. helianneae; 10, E. magna; 11, E. matogrosso; 12, E. muiraquitan; 13, E. nigrogularis; 14, E. panamensis; 15, E. pearsei; 16, E. piauiensis; 17, E. sikuani; 18, E. skotogaster; 19, E. surinamensis; 20, E. surumu; 21, E. tinigua." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695491/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,780,197,1722]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
It is important to remark that, although most of the vouchers we examined indeed fit into the current understanding of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[366,474,902,924]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[366,384,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[397,474,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
morphology, some of them do not. Several specimens have the mid-dorsal line, others have the venter with a finely spotted pattern and
<specimenCount box="[213,366,994,1016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
(AAG-UFU 5953) has both a dorsal line and a maculate belly (
<figureCitation box="[483,556,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[163,244,1810,1832]" captionTargetBox="[226,1379,195,1770]" captionTargetId="graphics-25@5.[226,1378,239,1770]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Species delimitation in Elachistocleis. The tree shown is from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis with only 16S + COI from only Elachistocleis samples (tree rooted in E. araios). Numbers on branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot support values. Asterisks represent support above 80/95. The terminals of the tree are named as: original labelling of" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695483/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">
Figs
<geoCoordinate box="[542,556,1025,1046]" degrees="1, 4" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" precision="5555" value="1.4">1</geoCoordinate>
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[571,603,1025,1046]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="12.[144,224,1106,1128]" captionTargetBox="[145,1428,195,1067]" captionTargetId="figure-410@12.[145,1428,195,1067]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 4. Variation of ventral colour pattern among sample vouchers of different species of Elachistocleis of the bicolor group. A, B, E. helianneae; MPEG 29416, 29419. C, E. haroi; IIBPH 2947. D–F, E. bicolor; CFBH 10117, AAGUFU 5953, IIBPH 0285. G, H, E. nigrogularis; CAS 231811, 245101." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7695495" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7695495/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">4E</figureCitation>
). Even though the ventral colour pattern of this specimen is not as evident as the pattern seen in specimens of the
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Daudin" baseAuthorityYear="1802" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
<emphasis box="[754,772,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[163,323,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">surinamensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group, it is certainly not equal to the uniformly immaculate pattern historically described for
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[209,331,1178,1200]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[209,227,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[246,331,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. What is even more remarkable is that another syntopic and genetically identical (
<emphasis box="[171,185,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">p</emphasis>
-distance = 0.0%) specimen (AAG-UFU 5954) has the classical immaculate yellow belly (
<bibRefCitation author="Marinho P &amp; Carvalho TR &amp; Bang DL &amp; Teixeira BFDV &amp; Azarak PA &amp; Campos CEC &amp; Giaretta AA" box="[549,773,1270,1292]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="357 - 375" refId="ref17282" refString="Marinho P, Carvalho TR, Bang DL, Teixeira BFDV, Azarak PA, Campos CEC, Giaretta AA. 2018. Advertisement calls, intraspecific variation and species diagnosis of six Brazilian species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae: Gastrophryninae). Zootaxa 4521: 357 - 375." type="journal article" year="2018">
Marinho
<emphasis box="[653,707,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
, 2018
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 6). We note that ontogenetic variation has been recorded for the ventral colour pattern in at least one species (
<taxonomicName box="[264,497,1362,1383]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haroi">
<emphasis box="[264,497,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">Elachistocleis haroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Villafane D &amp; Caballlero-Gini A &amp; Ferreira M &amp; Netto F &amp; Fernandez Rios D &amp; Brusquetti F" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="191 - 200" refId="ref14581" refString="Bueno-Villafane D, Caballlero-Gini A, Ferreira M, Netto F, Fernandez Rios D, Brusquetti F. 2020. Ontogenetic changes in the ventral colouration of post metamorphic Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer, Vaira, 2013 (Anura: Microhylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 41: 191 - 200." type="journal article" year="2020">
Bueno-Villafañe
<emphasis box="[713,772,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). Juveniles and subadults of
<taxonomicName box="[566,660,1393,1415]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="haroi">
<emphasis box="[566,584,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[598,660,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">haroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
present a venter translucent grey with small black specks and white stains, while the yellow colouration develops gradually with growth and sexual maturation of the individuals (see:
<bibRefCitation author="Bueno-Villafane D &amp; Caballlero-Gini A &amp; Ferreira M &amp; Netto F &amp; Fernandez Rios D &amp; Brusquetti F" box="[364,691,1516,1538]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" pagination="191 - 200" refId="ref14581" refString="Bueno-Villafane D, Caballlero-Gini A, Ferreira M, Netto F, Fernandez Rios D, Brusquetti F. 2020. Ontogenetic changes in the ventral colouration of post metamorphic Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer, Vaira, 2013 (Anura: Microhylidae). Amphibia-Reptilia 41: 191 - 200." type="journal article" year="2020">
Bueno-Villafañe
<emphasis box="[562,621,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">et al.</emphasis>
, 2020
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 1). Curiously, the three vouchers of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Guerin-Meneville" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[525,632,1546,1568]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Elachistocleis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
<emphasis box="[525,543,1547,1568]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis box="[555,632,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="558">bicolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with spotted venters are
<specimenCount box="[307,452,1577,1599]" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" type="juvenile">one juvenile</specimenCount>
and two small-sized males (SVL ≈
<quantity box="[255,341,1608,1629]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="558" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 mm</quantity>
). This, of course, is not indisputable evidence of a consistent pattern (the other two smaller males have uniform immaculate yellow venter), but certainly requires further investigation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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