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<document id="57953B63E5F74752B84CF1D0F5A83260" ID-CLB-Dataset="25953" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3373655" ID-GBIF-Dataset="13768a43-2509-4113-8b9a-70f87ac541a8" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3373655" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1566390084439" checkinUser="jeremy" docAuthor="Carr, T. D. &amp; Williamson, T. E." docDate="2000" docId="03BB5A05EA42FFE4F595F5300036A9AD" docLanguage="en" docName="CarrWilliamson2000Tyrannorauridae.pdf.imf" docOrigin="New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Tyrannosaurus rex Osborn 1905" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="135" masterDocId="FF82227DEA57FFF2F408FF82043AAA50" masterDocTitle="A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="146" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1698752044265" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0B5408AFC85E7B0D20185BFBA338C32D">A review of Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria) from New Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="16D420C16C43B9CEC4540190A8660FE9">Carr, T. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="99CB5D1151164890CDA40C0629CBC840">Williamson, T. E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="ACC24F1CAC144D4792CC89D29DDBA65F">New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="375D0E248CEEDEDA56C2FE795359B0F0">2000</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="14FA980059FA1179BF6674FE3B0849BC">2000-01-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3D393DEB194A27E642473312EE7E1216">17</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="C76125F03A95760EFA9035B0B8833B86">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E9824E536607A9A812F14DA3FD529A56" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.3373655</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03BB5A05EA42FFE4F595F5300036A9AD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483116" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190642203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483116" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB5A05EA42FFE4F595F5300036A9AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB5A05EA42FFE4F595F5300036A9AD" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F595F530070CA153" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F595F530070CA153" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
In light of these problems and the recognition of OMNH 10131 as an adult
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F64BF55F0714A153" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Carr and Williamson" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[579,814,2781,2819]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F736F5640533A18A" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F736F56405C5A174" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB3CD02EA42FFE7F736F56405C5A174" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BB1087B9-FFBC-FFC1-C482-8274FB1A9E19" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="genus" status="nomen dubium">
we consider
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F002F55F0085A152" authorityName="Leidy" authorityYear="1868" box="[1034,1215,2781,2818]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Aublysodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="nomen dubium">Aublysodon</taxonomicName>
to be a
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2558A7AEA42FFE7F51DF49305CDA174" box="[277,503,2824,2852]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" status="nomen dubium">nomen dubium</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</treatmentCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F50BF4B70533A18A" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
A partial skull and skeleton of a Late Maastrichtian tyrannosaurid (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F5BEF4E206A6A12C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372317" box="[438,668,2912,2941]" collectionCode="LACM" httpUri="https://collections.nhm.org/dinosaur-institute/ContactSheet.php?QueryName=DetailedQuery&amp;StartAt=1&amp;QueryPage=%2Fdinosaur-institute%2Findex.php&amp;Restriction=%28exists+%28SecDepartment_tab+where+%28SecDepartment+contains+%27Dinosaur+Institute%27%29%29%29&amp;col_SpeSpecimenNoInteger=23845&amp;LimitPerPage=20&amp;Search=Search&amp; " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="LACM 23845">LACM 23845</materialsCitation>
) was referred to
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB02CC3DEA42FFE7F7D4F4DD0663A1E0" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB3CD02EA42FFE7F7D4F4DD0663A1E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483079" authorityName="Molnar" authorityYear="1980" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987C08F72FFAA060FF5A0FA3FFAB1" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="species" treatmentCitationLabel="synonym">
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F7D4F4DD0513A1F8" authorityName="Molnar" authorityYear="1980" baseAuthorityName="Gilmore" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cf. a. lancensis">Albertosaurus lancensis</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F567F40E0663A1E0" author="Molnar, R. E." box="[367,601,2956,2992]" firstAuthor="Molnar" journalOrPublisher="Iournal of Paleontology" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="102 - 108" part="54" refId="ref18406" refString="Molnar, R. E., 1980, An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana: Iournal of Paleontology, v. 54, p. 102 - 108." title="An albertosaur from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana" type="book chapter" year="1980">Molnar (1980)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
and later to
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB02CC3DEA42FFE7F736F40E053BA18A" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB3CD02EA42FFE7F736F40E053BA18A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3483012" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3483012" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB9567FFF75F21FCAC73B1D711FD29" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" rank="species" treatmentCitationLabel="synonym">
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F736F40E0015A1E2" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[830,1071,2956,2994]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megagracilis">A. megagracilis</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F07EF409053BA18A" author="Paul, G. S." bookContentInfo="464 p." firstAuthor="Paul" journalOrPublisher="Simon and Schuster, New York" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" refId="ref18768" refString="Paul, G. S., 1988, Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: AComplete Illustrated Guide. Simon and Schuster, New York, 464 p." title="Predatory Dinosaurs of the World: AComplete Illustrated Guide" type="book" year="1988">Paul (1988)</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F51DF4350CB4AD6F" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F51DF4350CB4AD6F" blockId="21.[151,1218,1428,3037]" lastBlockId="21.[1260,2326,1426,3038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
Pending personal examination of the material, we conservatively regard the specimen to represent a subadult
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC59FA160C9EAFFF" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2129,2212,1428,1455]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
on the basis of its relatively small size, the narrow frontal process of the nasals (a character that typifies
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F305FA6803C2AC41" authorityName="Russell" authorityYear="1970" baseAuthorityName="Carr and Williamson" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[1805,2040,1514,1553]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Daspletosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Daspletosaurus</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC5CFA690124AC63" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
), and the absence of a lacrimal cornual process, a character specific to
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F1A8F9C102BEAC38" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1440,1668,1603,1640]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Tyrannosaurus</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, we consider
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC2AF9C00C42AC0D" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2082,2168,1602,1629]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
to be the only tyrannosaurid present in late Maastrichtian sediments of western North America. Diagnostic
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F345F918039EACE5" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1869,1956,1690,1717]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
fossils have been collected from Alberta (e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F272F9440310ACB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372308" box="[1658,1834,1734,1761]" collectionCode="TMP" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="TMP 81.6.1">TMP 81.6.1</materialsCitation>
), Montana (e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7FC20F9470CC7ACB1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372310" box="[2088,2301,1733,1762]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=47761 " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="AMNH 5027">AMNH 5027</materialsCitation>
), Wyoming (e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F1E1F9730282AD44" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372311" box="[1513,1720,1777,1812]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=47861 " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="AMNH 5117">AMNH 5117</materialsCitation>
), South Dakota (e.g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7FC03F9720CA6AD5C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372313" box="[2059,2204,1776,1804]" collectionCode="BHI" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="BHI 3033">BHI 3033</materialsCitation>
), Texas (e. g.,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F14EF89C022AAD10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372319" box="[1350,1552,1821,1856]" collectionCode="TMM" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="TMM-41436-1">TMM-41431</materialsCitation>
), and New Mexico (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F369F89F0C40AD68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372321" box="[1889,2170,1821,1849]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-3698">NMMNH P-3698</materialsCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE7F15AF8C80C30A100" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F15AF8C802B4A370" blockId="21.[1260,2326,1426,3038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
A disconformity between the top of the De-na-zin Member of the Kirtland Formation and the overlying Naashoibito Member likely represents a six-million year gap in the sedimentary record of the San Juan Basin (l/Villiamson, 1998). Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Naashoibito Member are most comparable to
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F177F7A701E3A215" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1407,1497,2085,2117]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
, indicating a late Maastrichtian age for the unit. Tyrannosaurid material is represented by the complete crown of a maxillary or dentary tooth (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F2E3F7F90C26A2CB" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372315" box="[1771,2076,2171,2203]" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-13000">NMMNH P—13000</materialsCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA42FFE7FC39F7F90CA7A2F1" box="[2097,2205,2170,2209]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation and the MCRae Formation. A-F, AMNH 5882, right pedal phalanx (D IV,?PH H) in A, medial, B, proximal, C, lateral, D, distal, E, dorsal, and F, ventral views. G-H, NMMNH P-3698, right palatine in G, lateral, and H, medial views. I, NNIMNH P-13000, dentary or maxillary tooth crown in lingual view. I-K, left dentary in I, lateral and, K, medial views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373663/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[319,2230,230,1555]" targetPageId="4">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
), tooth fragments (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F1BCF72502DDA292" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372320" box="[1460,1767,2214,2247]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" formation="Kirtland formation" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-28367">NMMNH 13-28367</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F2F7F7240C0EA298" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372316" box="[1791,2100,2214,2248]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" formation="Kirtland formation" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-28369">NMMNH P-28369</materialsCitation>
), cranial and postcranial fragments (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F27FF75003ACA2BD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372303" box="[1655,1942,2258,2286]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-7199">NMMNH P-7199</materialsCitation>
), and a pedal phalanx (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F0F6F77C01F4A34A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372318" box="[1278,1486,2302,2330]" collectionCode="AMNH" httpUri="http://research.amnh.org/paleontology/search.php?action=detail&amp;specimen_id=48691 " pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="AMNH 5882">AMNH 5882</materialsCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA42FFE7F1EAF77C0240A348" box="[1506,1658,2302,2339]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation and the MCRae Formation. A-F, AMNH 5882, right pedal phalanx (D IV,?PH H) in A, medial, B, proximal, C, lateral, D, distal, E, dorsal, and F, ventral views. G-H, NMMNH P-3698, right palatine in G, lateral, and H, medial views. I, NNIMNH P-13000, dentary or maxillary tooth crown in lingual view. I-K, left dentary in I, lateral and, K, medial views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373663/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[319,2230,230,1555]" targetPageId="4">Fig. 4A-F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE7F15BF6AB0C30A100" blockId="21.[1260,2326,1426,3038]" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
The basal crown length (45.6 mm) of
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F3C9F6AB0CD4A315" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372322" box="[1985,2286,2345,2373]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-13000">NMMNH P-13000</materialsCitation>
is greater than the largest Campanian tooth in our sample (34.0 mm, CMN 8506) and is more comparable to the size of
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC12F6030C56A3CC" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2074,2156,2433,2460]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(46_.7 mm,
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F0F9F62F0230A399" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372302" box="[1265,1546,2477,2505]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" formation="McRae formation" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-3698">NMMNH P-3698</materialsCitation>
). Also, the denticle densities are comparable to
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F0FAF65B017EA3A4" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1266,1348,2521,2548]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
(see Table 4). We therefore agree with
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA42FFE7F3A7F65A0CF1A3AB" author="Lucas, S. G. &amp; Mateer, N. J. &amp; Hunt, A. P. &amp; O'Neill, F. M." box="[1967,2251,2519,2555]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lucas" journalOrPublisher="Geological Society of America, Special Paper" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" pagination="35 - 50" part="209" refId="ref18154" refString="Lucas, S. G., Mateer, N. J., Hunt, A. P. and O'Neill, F. M., 1987, Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico: Geological Society of America, Special Paper 209, p. 35 - 50." title="Dinosaurs, the age of the Fruitland and Kirtland Formations, and the Cretaceous- Tertiary boundary in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico" type="journal article" year="1987">Lucas et al. (1987)</bibRefCitation>
that this specimen is referable to cf.
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F2F4F586036BA04F" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1788,1873,2564,2591]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F36DF5810CBAA04F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372304" box="[1893,2176,2563,2591]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-7199">NMMNH P—7199</materialsCitation>
includes fragments of a left dentary and a vertebra, but these are too weathered and incomplete to permit identification. However, the tooth fragments associated With
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F2AFF5070382A0F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372309" box="[1703,1976,2693,2732]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-7199">NMMNH P—7199</materialsCitation>
have 7.5-8.5 denticles per 5 millimeters, densities that are comparable with
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC6EF5300C83A09D" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2150,2233,2738,2765]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
teeth (see
<tableCitation id="C690DEA8EA42FFE7F131F55F0190A0A9" box="[1337,1450,2781,2809]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="20.[1334,1438,220,244]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparison of dentary measurements (mm) of cf. Daspletosaurus sp. (NMIVINH P-27469) with other large late Campanian tyrannosaurid indet. (AMNH 3963) and Daspletosaurus (CMN 8506, CMN 11594, FMNH PR308) specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" tableUuid="DF6DBB9BEA43FFE6F13EFF5E027FAB2A">Table 5</tableCitation>
). A partial skeleton (
<materialsCitation id="3B7AE14EEA42FFE7F2F7F55F0C2CA0A9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3396372301" box="[1791,2070,2781,2809]" collectingCountry="United States" collectingRegion="New Mexico" collectionCode="NMMNH" formation="McRae formation" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" specimenCode="NMMNH P-3698">NMMNH P-3698</materialsCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA42FFE7FC21F55F0D37A150" box="[2089,2317,2780,2818]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tyrannosaurid fossils collected from the Naashoibito Member of the Kirtland Formation and the MCRae Formation. A-F, AMNH 5882, right pedal phalanx (D IV,?PH H) in A, medial, B, proximal, C, lateral, D, distal, E, dorsal, and F, ventral views. G-H, NMMNH P-3698, right palatine in G, lateral, and H, medial views. I, NNIMNH P-13000, dentary or maxillary tooth crown in lingual view. I-K, left dentary in I, lateral and, K, medial views." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373663/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[319,2230,230,1555]" targetPageId="4">Fig. 4G-H, J-K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1329F796EA42FFE7F0FCF48B0161A17B" box="[1268,1371,2825,2859]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionText="FIGURE 10. Tyrannosaurid skull bones. A-I, Daspletosaurus sp. (OMNH 10131), with left postorbital in A, lateral, B, dorsal, and C, caudal views; frontoparietal region in D, dorsal, E, ventral, F, right lateral, and G, left lateral views; and left dentary in H, medial and I, lateral views. I-M, Tyrannosaurus rex (NMMNH P-3698), with vomerine process of rightpalatine in], medial, and L, lateral views; and basal portion in K, medial and M, lateral views. Scale bars equal 10 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3373675/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" targetBox="[227,2413,225,3029]" targetPageId="12">10 J-M</figureCitation>
) of
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F194F48B01CAA174" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1436,1520,2825,2852]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
from the MCRae Formation unequivocally establishes the presence of this taxon in New Mexico.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA42FFE4F15DF4E20761A84C" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA42FFE4F15DF4E20761A84C" blockId="21.[1260,2326,1426,3038]" lastBlockId="22.[219,1282,204,1031]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="135" pageId="21" pageNumber="134">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F26FF4E2036BA1D5" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1639,1873,2911,2949]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Albertosaurus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sarcophagus">A. sarcophagus</taxonomicName>
in Alberta between 71 and 69 Ma suggests that
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7F232F40E02B7A1F8" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[1594,1677,2956,2984]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
was absent from North America during the early Maastrichtian. If true, then the arrival of
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA42FFE7FC1BF4350C5EA182" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[2067,2148,2999,3026]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="21" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
into North America was a devastating event for the endemic forms living on the western North American peninsula of Asiamerica (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA41FFE4F08AFF78051FAB12" author="Russell, D. A." firstAuthor="Russell" journalOrPublisher="Historical Biology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="3 - 12" part="10" refId="ref18951" refString="Russell, D. A., 1995, China and the lost worlds of the dinosaurian era: Historical Biology, v. 10, p. 3 - 12." title="China and the lost worlds of the dinosaurian era" type="book chapter" year="1995">Russell, 1995</bibRefCitation>
), inwhich all forms were replaced. This faunal turnover suggests that, at least during the Campanian, a significant biogeographic barrier existed between western North America and Central Asia that allowed endemic forms to evolve in mutual isolation until the late Maastrichtian or at least prevented the eastward dispersal of Central Asian forms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA41FFE4F537FDA8064AA8CE" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA41FFE4F537FDA8064AA8CE" blockId="22.[219,1282,204,1031]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
The presence of
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA41FFE4F64CFDAE06ACA817" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[580,662,556,583]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
in New Mexico indicates that the state was not excluded from the late Maastrichtian faunal turnover in western North America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C308B898EA41FFE4F688FD010036A9AD" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BADEB13EA41FFE4F688FD010036A9AD" blockId="22.[219,1282,204,1031]" pageId="22" pageNumber="135">
<taxonomicName id="4C129090EA41FFE4F688FD0106E3A8CE" authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1905" box="[640,729,643,670]" class="Reptilia" family="Tyrannosauridae" genus="Tyrannosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dinosauria" pageId="22" pageNumber="138" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rex">T. rex</taxonomicName>
has been found further south in the Big Bend region of western Texas (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA41FFE4F754FD2D0006A89F" author="Lawson, D. A." box="[860,1084,686,721]" firstAuthor="Lawson" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Paleontology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="158 - 164" part="50" refId="ref18008" refString="Lawson, D. A., 1976, Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian dinosaurs from Trans-Pecos Texas: Journal of Paleontology, v. 50, p. 158 - 164" title="Tyrannosaurus and Torosaurus, Maestrichtian dinosaurs from Trans-Pecos Texas" type="book" year="1976">Lawson, 1976</bibRefCitation>
; contra
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA41FFE4F0B2FD2C05A7A8A7" author="Carpenter, K." editor="Carpenter, K. &amp; Currie, PJ." firstAuthor="Carpenter" journalOrPublisher="Cambridge, Cambridge Uni- versity Press" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="141 - 145" refId="ref16473" refString="Carpenter, K., 1990, Variation in Tyrannosaurus rex; in Carpenter, K. and Currie, PJ., eds., Dinosaur systematics: Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, p. 141 - 145." title="Variation in Tyrannosaurus rex" type="book" volumeTitle="Dinosaur systematics" year="1990">Carpenter, 1990</bibRefCitation>
). Its presence in the American Southwest undermines the notion of northern and southern faunal realms (sensu
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA41FFE4F079FC870516A91F" author="Lehman, T. M." editor="Lucas, S. G. &amp; Rigby,J. K., Jr. &amp; Kues, B. S." firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Advances in San Iuan Basin Paleontology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="189 - 221" refId="ref17764" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1981, The Alamo Wash Local Fauna: a new look at the old Ojo Alamo Fauna; in Lucas, S. G., Rigby, J. K., Jr. and Kues, B. S., eds., Advances in San Iuan Basin Paleontology: University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, p. 189 - 221." title="The Alamo Wash Local Fauna: a new look at the old Ojo Alamo Fauna" type="book chapter" year="1981">Lehman, 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8396E2EA41FFE4F55AFCB00598A91F" author="Lehman, T. M." box="[338,418,818,847]" firstAuthor="Lehman" journalOrPublisher="Palaeogeography, Plaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology" pageId="22" pageNumber="135" pagination="189 - 217" part="60" refId="ref17838" refString="Lehman, T. M., 1987, Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America: Palaeogeography, Plaeoclimatology, and Palaeoecology, v. 60, p. 189 - 217." title="Late Maastrichtian paleoenvironments and dinosaur biogeography in the Western Interior of North America" type="journal article" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
) in western North America during the late Maastrichtian. In summary, the succession of tyrannosaurids during the late Campanian and late Maastrichtian is comparable to that of the northern Rocky Mountain region, except that the late Campanian forms are distinct at the species level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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