treatments-xml/data/03/BA/A5/03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95.xml

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<mods:title id="1CF34B8DA6AE5E2ED3298CA3B48BD580">Systematics of big-eyed bats, genus Chiroderma Peters, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A19B0C64A82E4D3442CD6DE8F893915">Garbino, Guilherme S. T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AEE686F86DB5A20751A6601632B748D5">Pós-graduação, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270 - 901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E3FFA4AEDB4253BA7215748E962B5E86">Lim, Burton K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="17F84ADBFCDAA65639B9BC7506BC595C">Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario M 5 S 2 C 6, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="753248ABAE293AE536BAF199AB2DA9B0">Tavares, Valéria Da C.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="62A3EE6E8101C4E7A5806CE04D313C3E">Laboratório de Mamíferos, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, CCEN / DSE, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 58059 - 900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85DFFC37090F8BD7E2C5A42" blockId="19.[151,561,1849,1876]" box="[151,561,1849,1876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<heading id="D0E4A354F85DFFC37090F8BD7E2C5A42" bold="true" box="[151,561,1849,1876]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85DFFC37090F8BD7E2C5A42" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authority="Dobson, 1878" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,561,1849,1876]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37090F8BD7E2C5A42" bold="true" box="[151,561,1849,1876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37090F8BD7D9C5A42" bold="true" box="[151,385,1849,1876]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85DFFC3718FF8BE7E2C5A42" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[392,561,1850,1876]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref40109" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, xxxvi + 567 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson, 1878</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85DFFC37090F8FA7D175A80" blockId="19.[151,1297,1918,2034]" box="[151,266,1918,1942]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synonyms:</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85DFFC37090F8197F5C5AA3" blockId="19.[151,1297,1918,2034]" box="[151,833,1948,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB033316F85DFFC37090F8197F5C5AA3" box="[151,833,1948,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB23229F85DFFC37090F8197E3A5AA3" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[151,551,1948,1973]" page="532" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1878">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85DFFC37090F8197E3A5AA3" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authority="Dobson, 1878: 532" authorityName="Dobson" authorityPageNumber="532" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,551,1948,1973]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37090F8197D415AA3" box="[151,348,1949,1973]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85DFFC37165F8187E3A5AA3" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[354,551,1948,1973]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refId="ref40109" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, xxxvi + 567 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson, 1878: 532</bibRefCitation>
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; 
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locality “ 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85DFFC372B8F8197F295AA3" box="[703,820,1948,1973]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.”
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85DFFC37090F83F7F565AC2" blockId="19.[151,1297,1918,2034]" box="[151,843,1979,2004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85DFFC37090F83F7E605AC5" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authority="salvini: Handley, 1966: 297" authorityName="salvini: Handley" authorityPageNumber="297" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,637,1979,2004]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37090F83F7DBB5AC5" box="[151,422,1979,2003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiroderma salvini salvini</emphasis>
: Handley, 1966: 297
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; name combination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85DFFC47090F85E785D5C9D" blockId="19.[151,1297,1918,2034]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,152,683]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB033316F85DFFC47090F85E785D5C9D" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB23229F85DFFC37090F85E7F135AE4" author="Reid, F. &amp; Langtimm, C." box="[151,782,2009,2034]" page="300" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1993">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85DFFC37090F85E7F135AE4" ID-CoL="86B7P" authority="Reid and Langtimm, 1993: 300" authorityName="Reid and Langtimm" authorityPageNumber="300" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,782,2009,2034]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37090F85E7DDA5AE4" box="[151,455,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85DFFC371C9F85D7F135AE4" author="Reid, F. &amp; Langtimm, C." box="[462,782,2009,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="299 - 302" refId="ref46186" refString="Reid, F. &amp; Langtimm, C. (1993) Distributional and natural history notes for selected mammals from Costa Rica. The Southwestern Naturalist, 38 (3), 299 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3671441" type="journal article" year="1993">Reid and Langtimm, 1993: 300</bibRefCitation>
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; not 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85DFFC37338F85E79105AE4" ID-CoL="86B7P" authority="Handley, 1966" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[831,1293,2009,2034]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="salvini" subSpecies="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85DFFC37338F85E786D5AE4" box="[831,1136,2010,2034]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Chiroderma salvini scopaeum</emphasis>
Handley, 1966
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. 
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<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF85AFFC47090FF1D7CCF5DA5" box="[151,210,153,179]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Type</typeStatus>
Material.
</emphasis>
The 
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of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85AFFC471DEFF1D7E585DA5" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[473,581,153,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC471DEFF1D7E585DA5" box="[473,581,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 68.8.16.2), fixed by original designation, is a fluid-preserved adult male with skull removed and tongue still attached to the body. The anterior half of the pelage is more faded than the posterior half. Nevertheless, it is possible to note whitish hairs above the lips and below the eyes. A thin median dorsal stripe extends from the middle dorsum to the posterior extremity of the lower back (
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC474ACFE8278E95C09" box="[1195,1268,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">contra</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB23229F85AFFC474FAFE817CD95C55" author="Dobson, G. E." page="532" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1878">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC474FAFE817CD95C55" author="Dobson, G. E." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref40109" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, xxxvi + 567 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson 1878: 532</bibRefCitation>
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, who considered the stripe to be absent). The cranium and mandible are in good condition with all teeth present. Some parts of the basicranium, as well as a large part of the palate have attached soft tissue. The I1s have convergent tips that do not touch each other. The angular processes of the mandible are broken.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85AFFC470C0FE117D045FBD" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
The species was named after Osbert Salvin, a British zoologist who edited and organized, with Frederick Godman, the 40-volume “Biologia Centrali-Americana”. On the 
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF85AFFC47357FE3D7F9D5CC5" box="[848,896,441,467]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
specimen’s skull label, the locality is given as “ 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85AFFC470A6FE597D3C5CE1" box="[161,289,477,503]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
”, and to the right it is handwritten “O. Salvin [c]”, suggesting that the collector would indeed be Salvin. However, this naturalist collected specimens exhaustively in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85AFFC47353FD857FD05F0D" box="[852,973,513,539]" name="Guatemala" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
and bordering countries, such as 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85AFFC47552FD8579805F0D" box="[1365,1437,513,539]" name="Belize" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Belize</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC47098FDA17D5E5F29" author="Godman, F. D." box="[159,323,548,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref41279" refString="Godman, F. D. (1915). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Introductory Volume. Taylor and Francis, London, vii + 149 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 730" type="book" year="1915">Godman 1915</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC47148FDA17DE75F29" author="Papavero, N." box="[335,506,549,575]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref45431" refString="Papavero, N. (1973) Essays on the history of Neotropical dipterology, with special reference to collectors (1750 - 1905). Vol. 2. Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 230 pp." type="book" year="1973">Papavero 1973</bibRefCitation>
). Enrique Arcé, a Guatemalan field worker trained by Salvin, collected most of the bird specimens from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85AFFC47184FDCD7DE05F75" box="[387,509,585,611]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
described by the British zoologist (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC4738EFDCD780E5F75" author="Salvin, O." box="[905,1043,585,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="579 - 586" refId="ref46826" refString="Salvin, O. (1864) Descriptions of seventeen new species of birds from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1864, 579 - 586." type="journal article" year="1864">Salvin 1864</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC47419FDCD792A5F75" author="Warren, R. L. M. &amp; Harrison C. J. O." box="[1054,1335,585,611]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref49092" refString="Warren, R. L. M. &amp; Harrison C. J. O. (1971) Type-specimens of birds in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 2. Passerines. Trustess of the British Museum, London, 628 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8584" type="book" year="1971">Warren &amp; Harrison 1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC47545FDCD7D0E5F91" author="Beolens, B. &amp; Watkins, M. &amp; Grayson, M." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref38866" refString="Beolens, B., Watkins, M. &amp; Grayson, M. (2014) The eponym dictionary of birds. Bloomsbury, London, 1414 pp." type="book" year="2014">
Beolens 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC47090FDEA7CCD5F91" box="[151,208,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Therefore, we suggest that the 
<typeStatus id="54A8AA9AF85AFFC47278FDE97EB25F91" box="[639,687,621,647]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85AFFC472D3FDE97F5D5F91" ID-CoL="5XSTY" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[724,832,621,647]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC472D3FDE97F5D5F91" box="[724,832,621,647]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
probably was collected by E. Arcé during his work in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85AFFC47090FD157D085FBD" box="[151,277,657,683]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F85AFFC47090F8E87D885ABF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017517/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[151,250,1900,1925]" targetBox="[343,1245,741,1875]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85AFFC47090F8E87D885ABF" blockId="20.[151,1436,1900,1961]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC47090F8E87D3F5A93" bold="true" box="[151,290,1900,1925]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
Plate of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85AFFC47185F8E97E545A93" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[386,585,1901,1925]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85AFFC47185F8E97E545A93" box="[386,585,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from the volume about mammals of the “Biologia Centrali-Americana” (plate iv, dated 1879— 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85AFFC47118F8147D975ABF" author="Lyal, C. H. C." box="[287,394,1936,1961]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="67 - 102" refId="ref44273" refString="Lyal, C. H. C. (2011) The dating of the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoological Bibliography, 1 (2), 67 - 102." type="journal article" year="2011">Lyal 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F85BFFC570C0FF1D7F0A5C55" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85BFFC570C0FF1D7F0A5C55" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
In the volume on mammals of the “Biologia Centrali-Americana”, authored by E. Alston (except for a few pages in the Supplement, authored by O. Thomas) and published between 
<date id="FFAD32F8F85BFFC573EBFF39788B5DC1" box="[1004,1174,189,215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" value="1879" valueMax="1882">1879 and 1882</date>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC574A0FF3979035DC1" author="Lyal, C. H. C." box="[1191,1310,189,215]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="67 - 102" refId="ref44273" refString="Lyal, C. H. C. (2011) The dating of the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Zoological Bibliography, 1 (2), 67 - 102." type="journal article" year="2011">Lyal 2011</bibRefCitation>
), there is a color plate of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC5713FFF657DB85DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[312,421,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC5713FFF657DB85DED" box="[312,421,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
depicting the species as lacking the medial dorsal stripe (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF85BFFC5743EFF6578905DED" box="[1081,1165,225,251]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1900,1925]" captionTargetBox="[343,1245,741,1875]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[343,1245,741,1875]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 10. Plate of Chiroderma salvini, from the volume about mammals of the “Biologia Centrali-Americana” (plate iv, dated 1879—Lyal 2011)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017517" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017517/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
), an error that probably originated from 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC57149FE817DEA5C09" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[334,503,261,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refId="ref40109" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1878) Catalogue of the Chiroptera in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum of Natural History, London, xxxvi + 567 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55341" type="book" year="1878">Dobson (1878)</bibRefCitation>
description. 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC5728DFE817F285C09" author="Dobson, G. E." box="[650,821,261,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="461 - 465" refId="ref40157" refString="Dobson, G. E. (1880) On some new or rare species of Chiroptera in the colection of the Gottingen Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 48 (3), 461 - 465. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1880. tb 06584. x" type="journal article" year="1880">Dobson (1880)</bibRefCitation>
, however, recorded the presence of the stripe in an additional specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57184FEAD7DF35C55" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[387,494,297,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57184FEAD7DF35C55" box="[387,494,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Popayán, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC572A6FEAD7F0E5C55" box="[673,787,297,323]" name="Colombia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F85BFFC670C0FEC87D8D5DC1" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85BFFC570C0FEC87D975F0D" blockId="21.[151,1437,153,539]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC570C0FEC87DEB5C71" bold="true" box="[199,502,332,359]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution and Habitat.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC571FBFEC97EC85C71" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[508,725,333,359]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC571FBFEC97EC85C71" box="[508,725,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in eastern and southern 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC573FDFEC9784D5C71" box="[1018,1104,333,359]" name="Mexico" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">México</collectingCountry>
from 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF85BFFC57495FEC978E85C71" box="[1170,1269,333,359]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
southeastward through Central America (
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC571BDFEF57E255C9D" box="[442,568,369,395]" name="Guatemala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57245FEF57EDB5C9D" box="[578,710,369,395]" name="El Salvador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC572D6FEF57F5C5C9D" box="[721,833,369,395]" name="Honduras" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5734CFEF57FDA5C9D" box="[843,967,369,395]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57406FEF578435C9D" box="[1025,1118,369,395]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Panamá</collectingCountry>
), into South America (northern and western 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57149FE117DD95CB9" box="[334,452,405,431]" name="Venezuela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, western and northern 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC572C5FE117F2E5CB9" box="[706,819,405,431]" name="Colombia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, western 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5739BFE117FE65CB9" box="[924,1019,405,431]" name="Ecuador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5745BFE1178925CB9" box="[1116,1167,405,431]" name="Peru" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Perú</collectingCountry>
in the Andean foothills, and western 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57121FE3D7D615CC5" box="[294,380,441,467]" name="Bolivia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
; 
<figureCitation id="132808BDF85BFFC57180FE3D7DC55CC5" box="[391,472,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1500,1525]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,562,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,561,1475]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Collecting localities of the analyzed specimens of Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum. The locality numbers are referenced in the gazetteer (Appendix 1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). The absence of records from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57330FE3D7FB75CC5" box="[823,938,441,467]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
may be a sampling artifact, possibly related to the fact that this country has lower mean elevations than the neighboring countries, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC5749DFE59791A5CE1" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1178,1287,477,503]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC5749DFE59791A5CE1" box="[1178,1287,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with montane forests.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F85BFFC57090FA587E255B0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017519" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" startId="21.[151,250,1500,1525]" targetBox="[152,1436,562,1474]" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85BFFC57090FA587E255B0F" blockId="21.[151,1436,1500,1561]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57090FA587D0358E3" bold="true" box="[151,286,1500,1525]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
Collecting localities of the analyzed specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57319FA587FFE58E2" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[798,995,1500,1524]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57319FA587FFE58E2" box="[798,995,1500,1524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57414FA59788858E2" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1043,1173,1501,1524]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57414FA59788858E2" box="[1043,1173,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The locality numbers are referenced in the gazetteer (Appendix 1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F85BFFC670C0F9C37D8D5DC1" blockId="21.[151,1437,1607,2029]" lastBlockId="22.[151,1437,153,863]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
Records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57149F9C37DA05B77" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[334,445,1607,1633]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57149F9C37DA05B77" box="[334,445,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from humid tropical forests, mainly sub-montane and montane. In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC574FEF9C379685B77" box="[1273,1397,1607,1633]" name="Guatemala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57584F9C37CE15B93" name="El Salvador" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5713EF9EF7DB45B93" box="[313,425,1643,1669]" name="Honduras" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, the species also occurs in seasonally dry tropical forests. The distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57511F9EF799F5B93" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1302,1410,1643,1669]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57511F9EF799F5B93" box="[1302,1410,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is associated with moderate to high elevations, with records in or close to the Sierra Madre Oriental in México, the cordilleras of Central America (e.g. Sierra Madre de Chiapas in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5737CF9377FEA5BDB" box="[891,1015,1715,1741]" name="Guatemala" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, Cordillera de Talamanca in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC57543F93779805BDB" box="[1348,1437,1715,1741]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Panamá</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC570C0F9537D5B5BE4" box="[199,326,1751,1778]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
), and on both slopes of the Andean cordillera in South America (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF85BFFC57424F95378685BE7" box="[1059,1141,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1500,1525]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,562,1474]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[151,1436,561,1475]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 11. Collecting localities of the analyzed specimens of Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum. The locality numbers are referenced in the gazetteer (Appendix 1)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017519" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017519/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
). Among the 
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F85BFFC57508F95379815BE7" box="[1295,1436,1751,1777]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="generic">39 specimen</specimenCount>
localities with precise coordinates, the mean elevation was 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC5733DF97F7F8A5A03" box="[826,919,1787,1813]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.01" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1010.0">1,010 m</quantity>
above sea level (ranging from 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC574FBF97F792A5A03" box="[1276,1335,1787,1813]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="73.0">73 m</quantity>
to 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC5755AF97E7CAD5A2F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.045" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="2045.0">2,045 m</quantity>
), with 32 localities (82%) above 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC57226F89B7E755A2F" box="[545,616,1823,1849]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
and 20 (51%) above 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC57350F89B7FAB5A2F" box="[855,950,1823,1849]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
. In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC573D9F89B78275A2F" box="[990,1082,1823,1849]" name="Panama" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Panamá</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57442F89B78AD5A2F" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1093,1200,1823,1849]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57442F89B78AD5A2F" box="[1093,1200,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was more frequently captured between 600 and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC571C2F8C67E3F5A4B" box="[453,546,1858,1885]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1500.0">1,500 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC57236F8C77EFE5A48" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[561,739,1859,1886]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="753 - 795" refId="ref42006" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1966 b) Checklist of the mammals of Panama. In: Wenzel, R. L. &amp; Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Musem of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 753 - 795." type="book chapter" year="1966">Handley 1966b</bibRefCitation>
). In Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC5749FF8C7790B5A4B" box="[1176,1302,1859,1885]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, the species was recorded at 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC57155F8E37D875A97" box="[338,410,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="680.0">680 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC571ADF8E37E685A97" author="Timm, R. M. &amp; Wilson, D. E. &amp; Clauson, B. L. &amp; LaVal, R. K. &amp; Vaughan, C. S." box="[426,629,1895,1921]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref48379" refString="Timm, R. M., Wilson, D. E., Clauson, B. L., LaVal, R. K. &amp; Vaughan, C. S. (1989) Mammals of the La Selva-Braulio Carrillo Complex, Costa Rica. North American Fauna, 75, i-iii + 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1989">
Timm 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC571FFF8EC7E2C5A97" box="[504,561,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
1989
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC572AEF8E37F015A97" box="[681,796,1895,1921]" name="Venezuela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC57322F8E37F8F5A97" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[805,914,1895,1921]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC57322F8E37F8F5A97" box="[805,914,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured between 611 and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC574F9F8E379405A97" box="[1278,1373,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2399999999999998" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="2240.0">2,240 m</quantity>
, with 93% of the captures above 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC571CAF80F7E375AB3" box="[461,554,1931,1957]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1000.0">1,000 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC5723DF80F7EC25AB0" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[570,735,1931,1958]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref42065" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1976) Mammals of the Smithsonian Venezuelan Project. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 20 (5), 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5667" type="journal article" year="1976">Handley 1976</bibRefCitation>
). In Parque Nacional de Manú, Peruvian Amazon, the species was documented between 450 and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC57220F82B7E985ADF" box="[551,645,1967,1993]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="1920.0">1,920 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC57292F82B7F7F5ADC" author="Solari, S. &amp; Pacheco, V. &amp; Luna, L. &amp; Velazco, P. M. &amp; Patterson, B. D." box="[661,866,1967,1994]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="13 - 22" refId="ref47388" refString="Solari, S., Pacheco, V., Luna, L., Velazco, P. M. &amp; Patterson, B. D. (2006) Mammals of the Manu Biosphere Reserve. Fieldiana Zoology, New Series, 110, 13 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.3158 / 0015 - 0754 (2006) 110 [13: MOTMBR] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
Solari 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC572E5F8347F015ADF" box="[738,796,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
). In the Department of 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF85BFFC5746AF82B78A25ADF" box="[1133,1215,1967,1993]" country="Colombia" name="Tolima" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Tolima</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F85BFFC574CBF82B79205ADF" box="[1228,1341,1967,1993]" name="Colombia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, records of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF85BFFC570B0F8577D3E5AFB" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[183,291,2003,2029]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC570B0F8577D3E5AFB" box="[183,291,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are between 1,380 and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF85BFFC57234F8567E8D5AFB" box="[563,656,2002,2029]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="2150.0">2,150 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC57298F8577FFB5AFB" author="Bejarano-Bonilla, D. A. &amp; Yate-Rivas, A. &amp; Bernal-Bautista, M. H." box="[671,998,2003,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="297 - 308" refId="ref38815" refString="Bejarano-Bonilla, D. A., Yate-Rivas, A. &amp; Bernal-Bautista, M. H. (2007) Diversidad y distribucion de la fauna quiroptera en un transecto altitudinal en el Departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Caldasia, 29 (2), 297 - 308." type="journal article" year="2007">
Bejarano-Bonilla 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC5736DF8507FB95AFB" box="[874,932,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F85BFFC573F4F857795C5AFB" author="Galindo-Espinosa, E. Y. &amp; Gutierrez-Diaz, K. A. &amp; Reinoso-Florez, G." box="[1011,1345,2003,2029]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref40690" refString="Galindo-Espinosa, E. Y., Gutierrez-Diaz, K. A. &amp; Reinoso-Florez, G. (2010) Lista de los quiropteros del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 11 (1 / 2), 107 - 116." type="journal article" year="2010">
Galindo-Espinosa 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF85BFFC574C3F85078E35AFB" box="[1220,1278,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
2010
</bibRefCitation>
), and in the Department of 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF858FFC6716AFF1D7E3F5DA5" box="[365,546,153,179]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67229FF1D7E875DA5" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[558,666,153,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67229FF1D7E875DA5" box="[558,666,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured at elevations from 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF858FFC67414FF1D78C85DA5" box="[1043,1237,153,179]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="1450.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="1200.0">1,200 to 1,700 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F858FFC674E3FF1D7D985DC1" author="Mora-Beltran, C. &amp; Lopez-Arevalo, H. F." pageId="22" pageNumber="23" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref44802" refString="Mora-Beltran, C. &amp; Lopez-Arevalo, H. F. (2018) Interactions between bats and floral resources in a premontane forest, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Therya, 9 (2), 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="2018">Mora-Beltrán &amp; López-Arévalo 2018</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F858FFCA70C0FF647E7F58E5" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F858FFC670C0FF647FD85F0D" blockId="22.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC670C0FF647E2E5DED" bold="true" box="[199,563,224,251]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Description and Comparisons.</emphasis>
The dorsal pelage of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67320FF657F8E5DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[807,915,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67320FF657F8E5DED" box="[807,915,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
varies from pale brown to dark brown. Dorsal hairs are tricolored, with a narrow (approximately ¼ of hair length) dark brown base, a wide (approximately ½ of hair length) buff medial band, and a narrow terminal band approximating ¼ of hair length. Basal and terminal bands are usually the same color. Genal and interocular pairs of facial stripes are always present; conspicuous, wide, and brilliant-white. Interocular stripes are large, their widths varying between 1 and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF858FFC6741FFEF578465C9D" box="[1048,1115,369,395]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
, and entirely white. The median dorsal stripe is visible in most specimens, not detected in 2 of 
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F858FFC6738AFE11782E5CB9" box="[909,1075,405,431]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">174 specimens</specimenCount>
(1.1% of the sample): one from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F858FFC67090FE3D7D175CC5" box="[151,266,441,467]" name="Venezuela" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(USNM 415233) had a faint suggestion of the stripe on the middle dorsum, and another from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F858FFC67528FE3D79815CC5" box="[1327,1436,441,467]" name="Honduras" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Honduras</collectingCountry>
(TTU 12806) had no trace of a stripe. The spear of the noseleaf has a simple tip. The lateral margins of the horseshoe and the spear are whitish. The base and margins of the ear are yellowish.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F858FFC670C0FDA17F515E49" blockId="22.[151,1437,153,863]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
The dimensions of the cranium of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67252FDA17EDE5F29" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[597,707,549,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67252FDA17EDE5F29" box="[597,707,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are similar to small 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC673B5FDA178005F29" box="[946,1053,549,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC673B5FDA178005F29" box="[946,1053,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, large 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67469FDA1791A5F29" box="[1134,1287,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67469FDA179195F29" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1134,1284,549,575]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">C. scopaeum</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and large 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67584FDA17CEB5F75" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67584FDA17CEB5F75" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C6912183F858FFC67103FDCD7D795F75" box="[260,356,585,611]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Tables 7</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="C6912183F858FFC6719DFDCD7DB75F75" box="[410,426,585,611]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="22" pageNumber="23">8</tableCitation>
). The braincase is globose, conspicuously standing out from the adjacent frontal and nasal regions. In dorsal view, the nasal notch extends posteriorly to the anterior margin of the orbits (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF858FFC674C9FDE9793F5F91" box="[1230,1314,621,647]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017521/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). In lateral view, the anterior margin of the orbits is even with the distal margin of P4 and mesial margin of M1 (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF858FFC67526FD1579685FBD" box="[1313,1397,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,859,884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste); B) C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017523/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). A sagittal crest was present in 87.7% (186 of 212) of the specimens we examined. The sagittal crest was weakly developed in 22 (10.4%) specimens and not detected in four (1.8%). The posterior palatine process was absent in 77% of the sample (159 of 
<specimenCount id="9D15DFB1F858FFC67188FD797E245E0E" box="[399,569,765,792]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="generic">206 specimens</specimenCount>
), and was poorly developed when present. With cranium and mandible in occlusion, there is no frontal gap (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC6723CFCA57EC25E2D" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[571,735,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC6723CFCA57EC25E2D" box="[571,735,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. improvisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67310FCA57F8A5E2D" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[791,919,801,827]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67310FCA57F8A5E2D" box="[791,919,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<figureCitation id="132808BDF858FFC673A1FCA57FEA5E2D" box="[934,1015,801,827]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Frontal view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) Chiroderma salvini (ROM 99703), B) Chiroderma scopaeum (TTU 110649), C) Chiroderma d. doriae (TTU 99569), D) Chiroderma villosum (USNM 560607), E) Chiroderma improvisum (ROM 126002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017525/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) but there is a small lateral gap, as in 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67090FCC17E3E5E49" box="[151,547,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67090FCC17D195E49" box="[151,260,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">C. doriae</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67108FCC17DBE5E49" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[271,419,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">C. scopaeum</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC671A9FCC17E3E5E49" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[430,547,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">C. gorgasi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC6725EFCC17EF75E49" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[601,746,837,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC6725EFCC17EF75E49" box="[601,746,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. trinitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132808BDF858FFC672FEFCC17F235E49" box="[761,830,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1486,1511]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1461]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,181,1461]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 9. Lateral view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) Chiroderma salvini (ROM 99703), B) Chiroderma scopaeum (TTU 110649), C) Chiroderma d. doriae (TTU 99569), D) Chiroderma villosum (USNM 560607), and E) Chiroderma improvisum (ROM 126002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017515" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017515/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F858FFC67090F8DF78355A8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017521" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017521/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" startId="22.[151,250,1883,1908]" targetBox="[151,1436,885,1859]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F858FFC67090F8DF78355A8E" blockId="22.[151,1436,1883,1944]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67090F8DF7D3D5A62" bold="true" box="[151,288,1883,1908]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC67314F8D87FC45A62" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[787,985,1884,1908]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC67314F8D87FC45A62" box="[787,985,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF858FFC6722BF8057EB25A8E" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[556,687,1921,1944]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF858FFC6722BF8057EB25A8E" box="[556,687,1921,1944]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 511379—México, Nayarit).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F859FFC77090FCDF7E685E8E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017523" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017523/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" startId="23.[151,250,859,884]" targetBox="[151,1437,181,834]" targetPageId="23">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F859FFC77090FCDF7E685E8E" blockId="23.[151,1437,859,920]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC77090FCDF7D3D5E62" bold="true" box="[151,288,859,884]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC772D3FCD87F845E62" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[724,921,860,884]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC772D3FCD87F845E62" box="[724,921,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste); B
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC77571FCD97CE15E8E" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC77582FCD97CE15E8E" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">C. scopaeum</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(USNM 511379—México, Nayarit).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F859FFC770C0FC42786E593F" blockId="23.[151,1436,966,1065]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
The I1s converge medially in 97% of the specimens (200 of 206) and the tips may or may not be in contact. Six specimens (3%) have parallel I1 crowns that lack any contact. The P3 is oval in occlusal outline, differing from the antero-posteriorly compressed outline of P 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF859FFC77271FB8B7EBD593E" box="[630,672,1038,1065]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC772A1FB8B7F0D593F" box="[678,784,1039,1065]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC772A1FB8B7F0D593F" box="[678,784,1039,1065]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The P3 contacts C. but not P4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F859FFC77090FBDC7D3D59AE" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F859FFC77090FBDC7D3D59AE" blockId="23.[151,1437,1112,1208]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC77090FBDC7D165966" bold="true" box="[151,267,1112,1136]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC77090FBF87D925982" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,399,1148,1172]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC77090FBF87D925982" box="[151,399,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Chiroderma improvisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC771C6FBF97E295982" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[449,564,1148,1172]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC771C6FBF97E295982" box="[449,564,1148,1172]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F859FFC77149FB4C791E5A9B" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<table id="F913E698F859002F70A1FB4C79375A9B" box="[166,1322,1224,1933]" gridcols="4" gridrows="18" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FB4C793759F7" box="[166,1322,1224,1249]" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F7149FB4C7DFA59F7" box="[334,487,1224,1249]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC77149FB4C7DFA59F6" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[334,487,1224,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC77149FB4C7DFA59F6" bold="true" box="[334,487,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. improvisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F859002F727AFB4C7F9159F7" box="[637,908,1224,1249]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC7727AFB4C7F1759F7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[637,778,1224,1249]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="villosum" variety="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC7727AFB4C7F1759F7" bold="true" box="[637,778,1224,1249]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. v. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F859002F741DFB4C793759F7" box="[1050,1322,1224,1249]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF859FFC7741DFB4C789059F6" authorityName="Allen" authorityYear="1900" box="[1050,1165,1224,1248]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="variety" species="villosum" variety="jesupi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF859FFC7741DFB4C789059F6" bold="true" box="[1050,1165,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C. v. jesupi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FB747937581F" box="[166,1322,1264,1289]" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FB747D0B581F" box="[166,278,1264,1289]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Body mass</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FB747DFA581F" box="[334,487,1264,1289]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">34</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFB747F91581F" box="[637,908,1264,1289]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">23.5±3.26 (13–31) 130</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFB747937581F" box="[1050,1322,1264,1289]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22.7±2.7 (17–30) 36</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FA9C79375827" box="[166,1322,1304,1329]" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FA9C7D0B5827" box="[166,278,1304,1329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">TL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FA9C7DFA5827" box="[334,487,1304,1329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">80, 85</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFA9C7F915827" box="[637,908,1304,1329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">69.16±4.3 (55–80) 165</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFA9C79375827" box="[1050,1322,1304,1329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">68.8±3.8 (59–78) 92</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FAC47937584F" box="[166,1322,1344,1369]" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FAC47D0B584F" box="[166,278,1344,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">FA</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FAC47DFA584F" box="[334,487,1344,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">56.3, 57.3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFAC47F91584F" box="[637,908,1344,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">46.6±1.87 (41–52.8) 283</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFAC47937584F" box="[1050,1322,1344,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">44.2±1.41 (40.9–47.7) 103</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FAED79375894" box="[166,1322,1385,1410]" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FAED7D0B5894" box="[166,278,1385,1410]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">GLS</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FAED7DFA5894" box="[334,487,1385,1410]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">28.7, 29.4</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFAED7F915894" box="[637,908,1385,1410]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">24.7±0.61 (23.2–26.6) 278</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFAED79375894" box="[1050,1322,1385,1410]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">24±0.5 (22.9–25.3) 110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FA15793758BC" box="[166,1322,1425,1450]" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FA157D0B58BC" box="[166,278,1425,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CIL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FA157DFA58BC" box="[334,487,1425,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">27.8, 28.4</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFA157F9158BC" box="[637,908,1425,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22.7±0.63 (21.3–24.5) 271</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFA15793758BC" box="[1050,1322,1425,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">22.2±0.5 (20.9–23.5) 106</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FA3D793758C4" box="[166,1322,1465,1490]" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FA3D7D0B58C4" box="[166,278,1465,1490]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CCL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FA3D7DFA58C4" box="[334,487,1465,1490]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">27, 27.43</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFA3D7F9158C4" box="[637,908,1465,1490]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">21.8±0.63 (20.5–23.6) 274</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFA3D793758C4" box="[1050,1322,1465,1490]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">21.3±0.49 (20.2–22.5) 107</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1FA65793758EC" box="[166,1322,1505,1530]" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1FA657D0B58EC" box="[166,278,1505,1530]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">PB</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149FA657DFA58EC" box="[334,487,1505,1530]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">6.5, 6.5</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AFA657F9158EC" box="[637,908,1505,1530]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5.9±0.22 (5.3–6.7) 283</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DFA65793758EC" box="[1050,1322,1505,1530]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5.7±0.18 (5.2–6.2) 112</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F98E79375B35" box="[166,1322,1546,1571]" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F98E7D0B5B35" box="[166,278,1546,1571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">BB</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F98E7DFA5B35" box="[334,487,1546,1571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">12.2, 12.5</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF98E7F915B35" box="[637,908,1546,1571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.7±0.3 (10–12.3) 277</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF98E79375B35" box="[1050,1322,1546,1571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.6±0.26 (9.9–11.1) 111</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F9B779375B5D" box="[166,1322,1587,1611]" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F9B77D0B5B5D" box="[166,278,1587,1611]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MB</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F9B77DFA5B5D" box="[334,487,1587,1611]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">14, 14.1</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF9B77F915B5D" box="[637,908,1587,1611]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">12±0.33 (11.1–13.4) 277</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF9B779375B5D" box="[1050,1322,1587,1611]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11.9±0.32 (10.4–12.9) 108</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F9DE79375B65" box="[166,1322,1626,1651]" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F9DE7D0B5B65" box="[166,278,1626,1651]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">ZB</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F9DE7DFA5B65" box="[334,487,1626,1651]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">18.5, 19</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF9DE7F915B65" box="[637,908,1626,1651]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">15.7±0.49 (14.3–17.4) 271</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF9DE79375B65" box="[1050,1322,1626,1651]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">15.5±0.4 (14.6–16.6) 110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F90679375B8D" box="[166,1322,1666,1691]" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F9067D0B5B8D" box="[166,278,1666,1691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MTRL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F9067DFA5B8D" box="[334,487,1666,1691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.9, 11.1</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF9067F915B8D" box="[637,908,1666,1691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">8.9±0.29 (8.1–9.8) 283</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF90679375B8D" box="[1050,1322,1666,1691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">8.6±0.29 (7.9–9.2) 108</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F92F79375BD2" box="[166,1322,1707,1732]" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F92F7D0B5BD2" box="[166,278,1707,1732]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">C-C</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F92F7DFA5BD2" box="[334,487,1707,1732]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">7.4, 7.4</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF92F7F915BD2" box="[637,908,1707,1732]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5.8±0.23 (5.2–6.6) 209</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF92F79375BD2" box="[1050,1322,1707,1732]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">5.8±0.22 (5.3–6.3) 96</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F95779375BFA" box="[166,1322,1747,1772]" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F9577D0B5BFA" box="[166,278,1747,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M1-M1</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F9577DFA5BFA" box="[334,487,1747,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">13.3, 13.3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF9577F915BFA" box="[637,908,1747,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.9±0.43 (9.7–12.5) 281</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF95779375BFA" box="[1050,1322,1747,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">10.8±0.41 (9.8–12) 108</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F97F79375A02" box="[166,1322,1787,1812]" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F97F7D0B5A02" box="[166,278,1787,1812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">M2-M2</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F97F7DFA5A02" box="[334,487,1787,1812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">13.6, 13.9</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF97F7F915A02" box="[637,908,1787,1812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11.2±0.43 (9.5–12.9) 281</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF97F79375A02" box="[1050,1322,1787,1812]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11±0.39 (10–12.2) 107</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F8A779375A2A" box="[166,1322,1827,1852]" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F8A77D0B5A2A" box="[166,278,1827,1852]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">DENL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F8A77DFA5A2A" box="[334,487,1827,1852]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">21.1, 21.1</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF8A77F915A2A" box="[637,908,1827,1852]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">16.7±0.52 (15.3–18.4) 282</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF8A779375A2A" box="[1050,1322,1827,1852]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">16.4±0.42 (15.3–17.3) 112</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F8C879375A73" box="[166,1322,1868,1893]" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F8C87D0B5A73" box="[166,278,1868,1893]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">MANDL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F8C87DFA5A73" box="[334,487,1868,1893]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">11.8, 12.2</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF8C87F915A73" box="[637,908,1868,1893]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9.64±0.32 (8.8–10.8) 280</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF8C879375A73" box="[1050,1322,1868,1893]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9.4±0.29 (8.7–10) 110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF859002F70A1F8F079375A9B" box="[166,1322,1908,1933]" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<th id="76F27F06F859002F70A1F8F07D0B5A9B" box="[166,278,1908,1933]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">CAL</th>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F7149F8F07DFA5A9B" box="[334,487,1908,1933]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">9.2, 9.4</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F727AF8F07F915A9B" box="[637,908,1908,1933]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">6.8±0.32 (5.9–7.9) 280</td>
<td id="76F27F06F859002F741DF8F079375A9B" box="[1050,1322,1908,1933]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">6.7±0.32 (5.9–7.8) 112</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F856FFC87090FF1D78865DA4" box="[151,1179,153,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87090FF1D78865DA4" blockId="24.[151,1179,153,178]" box="[151,1179,153,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87090FF1D7D175DA4" bold="true" box="[151,266,153,178]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">TABLE 9.</emphasis>
Morphological comparisons of discrete characters among the species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87413FF1E788A5DA4" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1044,1175,154,178]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiroderma</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87291FF4578FF5995" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<table id="F913E698F856002F7090FF4579945992" box="[151,1417,193,1156]" gridcols="6" gridrows="24" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FF4579945DCC" box="[151,1417,193,218]" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7291FF457F5A5DCC" box="[662,839,193,218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87291FF457EC65DCC" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[662,731,193,218]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87291FF457EC65DCC" bold="true" box="[662,731,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F856002F735BFF45781F5DCC" box="[860,1026,193,218]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8735BFF467FD95DCF" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[860,964,194,217]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8735BFF467FD95DCF" bold="true" box="[860,964,194,217]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7426FF4578985DCC" box="[1057,1157,193,218]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87426FF45787E5DCC" box="[1057,1123,193,218]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87426FF45787E5DCC" bold="true" box="[1057,1123,193,218]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F856002F749EFF4579945DCC" box="[1177,1417,193,218]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC874E1FF45794D5DCF" authorityName="Goodwin" authorityYear="1958" box="[1254,1360,193,217]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trinitatum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC874E1FF45794D5DCF" bold="true" box="[1254,1360,193,217]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">trinitatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FF6D79945C14" box="[151,1417,233,258]" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FF6D7E7F5C14" box="[151,610,233,258]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Facial stripes</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FF6D7F5A5C14" box="[662,839,233,258]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">bright, conspi-</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFF6D781F5C14" box="[860,1026,233,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">bright, conspi-</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FF6D79945C14" box="[1057,1417,233,258]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
bright, conspi- bright, 
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FE8B79945C30" box="[151,1417,271,294]" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FE8B7F5A5C30" box="[662,839,271,294]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">conspicuous</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFE8B7F805C30" box="[860,925,271,294]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuous</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FE8B78985C30" box="[1057,1157,271,294]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuous</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFE8B79945C30" box="[1177,1417,271,294]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuous</td>
</tr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FEB279945C59" box="[151,1417,310,335]" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FEB27E7F5C59" box="[151,610,310,335]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Noseleaf</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FEB27F5A5C59" box="[662,839,310,335]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">simple tip</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFEB2781F5C59" box="[860,1026,310,335]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">simple tip</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FEB278985C59" box="[1057,1157,310,335]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">simple tip</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFEB279945C59" box="[1177,1417,310,335]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">simple tip</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FED879945C61" box="[151,1417,348,375]" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FED87E7F5C61" box="[151,610,348,375]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nasal notcha</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FED87F5A5C61" box="[662,839,348,375]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">long</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFED87F805C61" box="[860,925,348,375]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">short</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FED878985C61" box="[1057,1157,348,375]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">long</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFED879945C61" box="[1177,1417,348,375]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">short</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FE0179945C89" box="[151,1417,389,415]" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FE017E7F5C89" box="[151,610,389,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hard palateb</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FE017F5A5C89" box="[662,839,389,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">straight</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFE01781F5C89" box="[860,1026,389,415]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">straight</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FE0178985C89" box="[1057,1157,389,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">U-shaped</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFE0179945C89" box="[1177,1417,389,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">straight</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FE2A79945CD1" box="[151,1417,430,455]" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FE2A7E7F5CD1" box="[151,610,430,455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">I1, tips</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FE2A7F5A5CD1" box="[662,839,430,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">convergent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFE2A781F5CD1" box="[860,1026,430,455]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">convergent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FE2A79945CD1" box="[1057,1417,430,455]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">convergent convergent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FE5379945CE6" box="[151,1417,471,496]" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FE537E7F5CE6" box="[151,610,471,496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">c, crown height relative to coronoid process</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FE537F5A5CE6" box="[662,839,471,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">same height</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFE53781F5CE6" box="[860,1026,471,496]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">shorter</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FE5378985CE6" box="[1057,1157,471,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">shorter</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFE5379945CE6" box="[1177,1417,471,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">shorter</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FE7B79945F0E" box="[151,1417,511,536]" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FE7B7E7F5F0E" box="[151,610,511,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">p2, crown height relative to p4 crown</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FE7B7F5A5F0E" box="[662,839,511,536]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄4 and</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFE7B781F5F0E" box="[860,1026,511,536]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄4 and</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FE7B79945F0E" box="[1057,1417,511,536]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄2 and between 1⁄2 and</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FDA079945F2A" box="[151,1417,548,572]" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FDA07F5A5F2A" box="[662,839,548,572]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1⁄3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFDA07F805F2A" box="[860,925,548,572]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1⁄3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FDA078985F2A" box="[1057,1157,548,572]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2⁄3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFDA079945F2A" box="[1177,1417,548,572]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2⁄3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FDCE79945F72" box="[151,1417,586,612]" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FDCE7E7F5F72" box="[151,610,586,612]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Frontal gapc</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FDCE7F5A5F72" box="[662,839,586,612]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">absent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F735BFDCE7F805F72" box="[860,925,586,612]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">absent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7426FDCE78985F72" box="[1057,1157,586,612]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">absent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFDCE79945F72" box="[1177,1417,586,612]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">absent</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FD1179945FBB" box="[151,1417,661,685]" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FD1179945FBB" box="[151,1417,661,685]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Continued</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FD3879945FC3" box="[151,1417,700,725]" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FD387F5A5FC3" box="[662,839,700,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC872D0FD397F395FC3" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1960" box="[727,804,701,725]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gorgasi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC872D0FD397F395FC3" bold="true" box="[727,804,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">gorgasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FD3878985FC3" box="[950,1157,700,725]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC873B1FD39782F5FC3" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" box="[950,1074,701,725]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC873B1FD39782F5FC3" bold="true" box="[950,1074,701,725]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">improvisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFD3879945FC3" box="[1177,1417,700,725]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8749EFD3878EF5FC3" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1177,1266,700,725]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8749EFD3878EF5FC3" bold="true" box="[1177,1266,700,725]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FD6179945FE8" box="[151,1417,741,766]" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FD617E7F5FE8" box="[151,610,741,766]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Facial stripes</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FD617F805FE8" box="[662,925,741,766]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">bright, conspi-</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FD6178985FE8" box="[950,1157,741,766]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">dark, inconspi-</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFD6179945FE8" box="[1177,1417,741,766]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">dark, inconspicuous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FC8E79945E37" box="[151,1417,778,801]" gridrow="14" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FC8E7F5A5E37" box="[662,839,778,801]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuous</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FC8E781F5E37" box="[950,1026,778,801]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cuous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FCB579945E5C" box="[151,1417,817,842]" gridrow="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FCB57E7F5E5C" box="[151,610,817,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Noseleaf</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FCB57F5A5E5C" box="[662,839,817,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">simple tip</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FCB578985E5C" box="[950,1157,817,842]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">notched tip</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFCB579945E5C" box="[1177,1417,817,842]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">notched tip</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FCDC79945E64" box="[151,1417,856,882]" gridrow="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FCDC7E7F5E64" box="[151,610,856,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Nasal notcha</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FCDC7F5A5E64" box="[662,839,856,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">short</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FCDC781F5E64" box="[950,1026,856,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">long</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFCDC79945E64" box="[1177,1417,856,882]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">long</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FC0479945E8D" box="[151,1417,896,923]" gridrow="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FC047E7F5E8D" box="[151,610,896,923]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Hard palateb</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FC047F5A5E8D" box="[662,839,896,923]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">straight</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FC04781F5E8D" box="[950,1026,896,923]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">straight</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFC0479945E8D" box="[1177,1417,896,923]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">palatine process</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FC2379945EA8" box="[151,1417,935,958]" gridrow="18" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFC2379945EA8" box="[1177,1417,935,958]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">present</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FC4A79945EF1" box="[151,1417,974,999]" gridrow="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FC4A7E7F5EF1" box="[151,610,974,999]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">I1, tips</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FC4A7F5A5EF1" box="[662,839,974,999]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">convergent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FC4A78985EF1" box="[950,1157,974,999]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">convergent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFC4A79945EF1" box="[1177,1417,974,999]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">usually parallel</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FC7279945919" box="[151,1417,1014,1039]" gridrow="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FC727E7F5919" box="[151,610,1014,1039]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">c, crown height relative to coronoid process</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FC727F805919" box="[662,925,1014,1039]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">same height</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FC72781F5919" box="[950,1026,1014,1039]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">shorter</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFC7279945919" box="[1177,1417,1014,1039]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">same height</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FB9A79945921" box="[151,1417,1054,1079]" gridrow="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FB9A7E7F5921" box="[151,610,1054,1079]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">p2, crown height relative to p4 crown</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FB9A7F805921" box="[662,925,1054,1079]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄2 and</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FB9A78985921" box="[950,1157,1054,1079]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄4 and</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFB9A79945921" box="[1177,1417,1054,1079]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">between 1⁄4 and 1⁄3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FBC77994594D" box="[151,1417,1091,1115]" gridrow="22" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FBC77F5A594D" box="[662,839,1091,1115]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">2⁄3</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FBC7781F594D" box="[950,1026,1091,1115]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">1⁄3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF856002F7090FBED79945992" box="[151,1417,1129,1156]" gridrow="23" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76F27F06F856002F7090FBED7E7F5992" box="[151,610,1129,1156]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Frontal gapc</th>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F7291FBED7F5A5992" box="[662,839,1129,1156]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">absent</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F73B1FBED781F5992" box="[950,1026,1129,1156]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">present</td>
<td id="76F27F06F856002F749EFBED79945992" box="[1177,1417,1129,1156]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">present</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<tableNote id="76F515B6F856FFC87090FB0A7F845803" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" targetBox="[151,1417,193,1156]" targetPageId="24">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87090FB0A797459BF" blockId="24.[151,1385,1166,1301]" box="[151,1385,1166,1193]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<superScript id="7C66B970F856FFC87090FB0A7CD059BF" attach="right" box="[151,205,1166,1193]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">along</superScript>
= extends posterior to interorbital region; short = does not reach interorbital region or reaches only its anterior
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87090FB317CF759DB" blockId="24.[151,1385,1166,1301]" box="[151,234,1205,1229]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">margin.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87090FB527DC459E7" blockId="24.[151,1385,1166,1301]" box="[151,473,1238,1265]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<superScript id="7C66B970F856FFC87090FB527CF859E7" attach="right" box="[151,229,1238,1265]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">bcaudal</superScript>
portion of hard palate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC87090FB7E7F845803" blockId="24.[151,1385,1166,1301]" box="[151,921,1274,1301]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<superScript id="7C66B970F856FFC87090FB7E7CD85803" attach="right" box="[151,197,1274,1301]" fontSize="6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">cgap</superScript>
delimited by I1, c, and i1,2, when skull and mandible are occluded.
</paragraph>
</tableNote>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC870C0FAC778EF58DC" blockId="24.[151,1437,1347,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
The lower canine is pointed and relatively tall, and the tip is approximately the same height as the coronoid process (as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87132FAE37DAE5897" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[309,435,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87132FAE37DAE5897" box="[309,435,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differing from 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87288FAE37EE55897" box="[655,760,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87288FAE37EE55897" box="[655,760,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8732AFAE37FA05897" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[813,957,1383,1409]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8732AFAE37FA05897" box="[813,957,1383,1409]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the canines are clearly below the level of the coronoid; 
<figureCitation id="132808BDF856FFC8718CFA0F7DC158B3" box="[395,476,1419,1445]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,859,884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste); B) C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017523/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). The crown of p2 is low, approximately ¼ of the crown height of p4, longer mesiodistally than tall, and does not contact p4 (similar to the morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8739CFA2B783658DF" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[923,1067,1455,1481]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8739CFA2B783658DF" box="[923,1067,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87465FA2B78FC58DF" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1122,1249,1455,1481]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87465FA2B78FC58DF" box="[1122,1249,1455,1481]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC870C0FA5778DF5B23" blockId="24.[151,1437,1347,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Compared with the allopatric 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8721DFA577E9858FB" box="[538,645,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8721DFA577E9858FB" box="[538,645,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87293FA577F1C58FB" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[660,769,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87293FA577F1C58FB" box="[660,769,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its smaller size, globose braincase (less rounded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87154FA737D815B07" box="[339,412,1527,1553]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87154FA737D815B07" box="[339,412,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), taller lower canines (lower canines in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87366FA737FB75B07" box="[865,938,1527,1553]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87366FA737FB75B07" box="[865,938,1527,1553]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are relatively shorter and below the level of the coronoid process), and smaller p2 (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8726FF99F7EAC5B23" box="[616,689,1563,1589]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8726FF99F7EAC5B23" box="[616,689,1563,1589]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">doriae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the p2 is approximately ⅔ of the height of p4).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC870C0F9BB785B5A6F" blockId="24.[151,1437,1347,2022]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Where sympatric, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87190F9BB7E195B4F" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[407,516,1599,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87190F9BB7E195B4F" box="[407,516,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87304F9BB7F885B4F" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[771,917,1599,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87304F9BB7F885B4F" box="[771,917,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC873CAF9BB78535B4F" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[973,1102,1599,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC873CAF9BB78535B4F" box="[973,1102,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Externally, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC874D8F9BB79565B4F" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1247,1355,1599,1625]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC874D8F9BB79565B4F" box="[1247,1355,1599,1625]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be separated from 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87140F9E77DDA5B6B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[327,455,1635,1661]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87140F9E77DDA5B6B" box="[327,455,1635,1661]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by, on average, a longer forearm (
<tableCitation id="C6912183F856FFC8734BF9E77FB05B68" box="[844,941,1635,1662]" captionStart="TABLE 7" captionStartId="19.[151,239,153,177]" captionText="TABLE 7. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma salvini, C. scopaeum, C. doriae (including subspecies), C. gorgasi and C. trinitatum. See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tables 7</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="C6912183F856FFC873E2F9E77FE95B6B" box="[997,1012,1635,1661]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">8</tableCitation>
); basal and apical bands of dorsal fur the same color (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8716FF9037DDA5BB7" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[360,455,1671,1697]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8716FF9037DDA5BB7" box="[360,455,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the base is usually darker than the tip); presence of wide and conspicuous facial stripes (narrow, faint, or absent in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC871CCF92F7E375BD3" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[459,554,1707,1733]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC871CCF92F7E375BD3" box="[459,554,1707,1733]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and a simple tip on the noseleaf spear with pale lateral margins (notched tip and noseleaf uniformly brown in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8720FF94B7E7A5BFF" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[520,615,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8720FF94B7E7A5BFF" box="[520,615,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Cranially, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC872F6F94B7F415BFF" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[753,860,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC872F6F94B7F415BFF" box="[753,860,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC873EBF94B78765BFF" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1004,1131,1743,1769]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC873EBF94B78765BFF" box="[1004,1131,1743,1769]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its relatively longer rostrum and shorter nasal notch (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87204F9777E7F5A1B" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[515,610,1779,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87204F9777E7F5A1B" box="[515,610,1779,1805]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the notch is longer, ending near the level of the post-orbital constriction); smaller orbits (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87158F8937DA35A27" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[351,446,1815,1841]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87158F8937DA35A27" box="[351,446,1815,1841]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the anterior margin of the orbit is even with the P4); post-orbital processes less pointed than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC870EAF8BF7D515A43" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[237,332,1851,1877]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC870EAF8BF7D515A43" box="[237,332,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; posterior palatine process small or absent (in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC8735AF8BF7FA15A43" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[861,956,1851,1877]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC8735AF8BF7FA15A43" box="[861,956,1851,1877]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
process usually present and conspicuous), and absence of a frontal gap when cranium and lower jaw are in occlusion (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF856FFC873E1F8DB78245A6F" box="[998,1081,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,989,1907]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 14. Frontal view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) Chiroderma salvini (ROM 99703), B) Chiroderma scopaeum (TTU 110649), C) Chiroderma d. doriae (TTU 99569), D) Chiroderma villosum (USNM 560607), E) Chiroderma improvisum (ROM 126002)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017525/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F856FFC970C0F807786E5DC1" blockId="24.[151,1437,1347,2022]" lastBlockId="25.[151,1436,153,215]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Compared with 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87179F8077E0D5A8B" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[382,528,1923,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87179F8077E0D5A8B" box="[382,528,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87218F8077E915A8B" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[543,652,1923,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87218F8077E915A8B" box="[543,652,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is larger (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF856FFC872F8F8077F4E5A8B" box="[767,851,1922,1949]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1282,1307]" captionTargetBox="[180,1405,188,1252]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[176,1412,181,1257]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 15. Dispersion of the first and second components, extracted from a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements, representing Chiroderma salvini (circles) and C. scopaeum (squares)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017527/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6912183F856FFC87358F8077FA35A8B" box="[863,958,1923,1949]" captionStart="TABLE 8" captionStartId="23.[151,239,1112,1136]" captionText="TABLE 8. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, range in parentheses, and sample size) of adult specimens of Chiroderma improvisum and C. villosum (including subspecies). See Materials and Methods for measure abbreviations and descriptions." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Tables 8</tableCitation>
and 
<tableCitation id="C6912183F856FFC873F0F80778095A8B" box="[1015,1044,1923,1949]" captionStart="TABLE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,239,262,286]" captionText="TABLE 10. Loadings of the first and second principal components extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements comparing Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">10</tableCitation>
) and externally it differs in pelage color, usually being darker than 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC871FAF82C7E705AD7" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[509,621,1960,1985]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC871FAF82C7E705AD7" box="[509,621,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The skull of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87302F8237F6D5AD7" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[773,880,1959,1985]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87302F8237F6D5AD7" box="[773,880,1959,1985]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more robust, and the lambdoid-suture region of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87090F84F7D355AF3" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[151,296,1995,2021]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87090F84F7D355AF3" box="[151,296,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is rounder, as can be seen in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF856FFC87306F84F7F495AF3" box="[769,852,1995,2021]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017521/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). The nasal notch of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF856FFC87438F84F78975AF3" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1087,1162,1995,2021]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF856FFC87438F84F78975AF3" box="[1087,1162,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is longer, usually reach- ing the interorbital region (
<figureCitation id="132808BDF857FFC971C3FF1D7E0A5DA5" box="[452,535,153,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1883,1908]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,885,1859]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 12. Dorsal (A) and ventral (C) views of the skull of Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste), and dorsal (B) and ventral (D) views of C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017521" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017521/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
). Lower canines are relatively taller and more pointed than in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC974CAFF1E79205DA5" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1229,1341,154,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC974CAFF1E79205DA5" box="[1229,1341,154,179]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the medial cingulum of the lower canines is not as well developed as in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC97393FF3A78195DC1" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[916,1028,190,215]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97393FF3A78195DC1" box="[916,1028,190,215]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="132808BDF857FFC97414FF39787B5DC1" box="[1043,1126,189,215]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="23.[151,250,859,884]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,834]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 13. Skull and mandible, in lateral view, of A) Chiroderma salvini (USNM 565812—Costa Rica, Guanacaste); B) C. scopaeum (USNM 511379—México, Nayarit)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017523" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017523/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F857FFC97090FE82795F5C54" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F857FFC97090FE82795F5C54" blockId="25.[151,1436,262,323]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97090FE827D045C09" bold="true" box="[151,281,262,287]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 10.</emphasis>
Loadings of the first and second principal components extracted from the variance-covariance matrix of a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements comparing 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC973C7FEAF78985C55" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[960,1157,299,323]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC973C7FEAF78985C55" box="[960,1157,299,323]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC974BFFEAF79265C54" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[1208,1339,299,322]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC974BFFEAF79265C54" box="[1208,1339,299,322]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F857FFC970A1FED778AB5ED0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<table id="F913E698F857002F70A1FED678AB5ED0" box="[166,1206,338,966]" colsContinueIn="53.[166,1129,229,857]" gridcols="3" gridrows="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FED678AB5C7D" box="[166,1206,338,363]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FED67DBF5C7D" box="[166,418,338,363]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FED77D585C7D" bold="true" box="[166,325,339,363]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Measurements</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F857002F7346FED67F8D5C7D" box="[833,912,338,363]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97346FED67F6A5C7D" bold="true" box="[833,887,338,363]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PC 1</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76F27F06F857002F7472FED678AB5C7D" box="[1141,1206,338,363]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97472FED678B75C7D" bold="true" box="[1141,1194,338,363]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PC 2</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FEFE78AB5C85" box="[166,1206,378,403]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FEFE7DBF5C85" box="[166,418,378,403]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FEFE7CC45C85" bold="true" box="[166,217,378,403]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">GLS</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FEFE7F8D5C85" box="[833,912,378,403]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.95</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FEFE78AB5C85" box="[1141,1206,378,403]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FE2678AB5CAD" box="[166,1206,418,443]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FE267DBF5CAD" box="[166,418,418,443]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FE267CCE5CAD" bold="true" box="[166,211,418,443]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CIL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FE267F8D5CAD" box="[833,912,418,443]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.96</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FE2678AB5CAD" box="[1141,1206,418,443]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FE4E78AB5CF5" box="[166,1206,458,483]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FE4E7DBF5CF5" box="[166,418,458,483]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FE4E7CC65CF5" bold="true" box="[166,219,458,483]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CCL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FE4E7F8D5CF5" box="[833,912,458,483]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.96</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FE4E78AB5CF5" box="[1141,1206,458,483]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.03</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FE7778AB5F1A" box="[166,1206,499,524]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FE777DBF5F1A" box="[166,418,499,524]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FE777CDB5F1D" bold="true" box="[166,198,499,523]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">PB</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FE777F8D5F1A" box="[833,912,499,524]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.58</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FE7778AB5F1A" box="[1141,1206,499,524]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.08</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FD9F78AB5F22" box="[166,1206,539,564]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FD9F7DBF5F22" box="[166,418,539,564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FD9F7CD55F25" bold="true" box="[166,200,539,563]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">BB</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FD9F7F8D5F22" box="[833,912,539,564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.76</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FD9F78AB5F22" box="[1141,1206,539,564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FDC778AB5F4A" box="[166,1206,579,604]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FDC77DBF5F4A" box="[166,418,579,604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FDC07CD25F4A" bold="true" box="[166,207,580,604]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MB</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FDC77F8D5F4A" box="[833,912,579,604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.91</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FDC778AB5F4A" box="[1141,1206,579,604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.06</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FDEF78AB5F92" box="[166,1206,619,644]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FDEF7DBF5F92" box="[166,418,619,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FDE87CD55F92" bold="true" box="[166,200,620,644]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ZB</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FDEF7F8D5F92" box="[833,912,619,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.93</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FDEF78AB5F92" box="[1141,1206,619,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.05</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FD1078AB5FBB" box="[166,1206,660,685]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FD107DBF5FBB" box="[166,418,660,685]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FD107CEF5FBA" bold="true" box="[166,242,660,684]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MTRL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FD107F8D5FBB" box="[833,912,660,685]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.86</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FD1078AB5FBB" box="[1141,1206,660,685]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.24</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FD3F78AB5FC3" box="[166,1206,699,725]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FD3F7DBF5FC3" box="[166,418,699,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FD3F7CE15FC2" bold="true" box="[166,252,699,724]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M1–M1</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FD3F7F8D5FC3" box="[833,912,699,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.93</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FD3F78AB5FC3" box="[1141,1206,699,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.16</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FD6078AB5FEB" box="[166,1206,740,765]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FD607DBF5FEB" box="[166,418,740,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FD607CE65FEB" bold="true" box="[166,251,740,765]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">M2–M2</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FD607F8D5FEB" box="[833,912,740,765]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.94</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FD6078AB5FEB" box="[1141,1206,740,765]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.14</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FC8878AB5E33" box="[166,1206,780,805]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FC887DBF5E33" box="[166,418,780,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FC887D1B5E33" bold="true" box="[166,262,780,805]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">MANDL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FC887F8D5E33" box="[833,912,780,805]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.94</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FC8878AB5E33" box="[1141,1206,780,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.18</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FCB178AB5E58" box="[166,1206,821,846]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FCB17DBF5E58" box="[166,418,821,846]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FCB17CF15E5B" bold="true" box="[166,236,821,845]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">DENL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FCB17F8D5E58" box="[833,912,821,846]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.95</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FCB178AB5E58" box="[1141,1206,821,846]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">-0.02</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FCD878AB5E60" box="[166,1206,860,886]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FCD87DBF5E60" box="[166,418,860,886]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FCD87CC65E63" bold="true" box="[166,219,860,885]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">CAL</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FCD87F8D5E60" box="[833,912,860,886]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.70</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FCD878AB5E60" box="[1141,1206,860,886]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FC0178AB5E88" box="[166,1206,901,926]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FC017DBF5E88" box="[166,418,901,926]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FC017D355E88" bold="true" box="[166,296,901,926]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Eigenvalues</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FC017F8D5E88" box="[833,912,901,926]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.15</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FC0178AB5E88" box="[1141,1206,901,926]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">0.62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3523167AF857002F70A1FC2978AB5ED0" box="[166,1206,941,966]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="76F27F06F857002F70A1FC297DBF5ED0" box="[166,418,941,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC970A1FC297DBF5ED0" bold="true" box="[166,418,941,966]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Proportion of variation</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7346FC297F8D5ED0" box="[833,912,941,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">78.10%</td>
<td id="76F27F06F857002F7472FC2978AB5ED0" box="[1141,1206,941,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4.80%</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F857FFC97090F8087DA55AFB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017525" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017525" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017525/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,250,1932,1957]" targetBox="[151,1436,989,1907]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F857FFC97090F8087DA55AFB" blockId="25.[151,1436,1932,2029]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97090F8087D3C5AB3" bold="true" box="[151,289,1932,1957]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
Frontal view of skull and mandible in occlusion for A) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC97365F80978345AB3" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[866,1065,1933,1957]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97365F80978345AB3" box="[866,1065,1933,1957]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ROM 99703), B) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC974F7F8097CC65ADF" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC974F7F8097CC65ADF" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chiroderma scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TTU 110649), C) 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC971A8F8357E8F5ADF" box="[431,658,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC971A8F8357E375ADF" authorityName="W. Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[431,554,1969,1993]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiroderma</taxonomicName>
d. 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC97257F8357E8F5ADF" box="[592,658,1969,1993]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="doriae">doriae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(TTU 99569), D) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC9735BF835782B5ADF" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[860,1078,1969,1993]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC9735BF835782B5ADF" box="[860,1078,1969,1993]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chiroderma villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(USNM 560607), E) 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF857FFC97526F8357D135AFB" authorityName="Baker and Genoways" authorityYear="1976" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="improvisum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF857FFC97526F8357D135AFB" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Chiroderma improvisum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ROM 126002).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F854FFCA7090FA867FE85829" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017527" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017527" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017527/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,250,1282,1307]" targetBox="[180,1405,188,1252]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F854FFCA7090FA867FE85829" blockId="26.[151,1437,1282,1343]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7090FA867D02580D" bold="true" box="[151,287,1282,1307]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
Dispersion of the first and second components, extracted from a principal component analysis of 13 cranio-dental measurements, representing 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA71BFFAA37E635829" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[440,638,1319,1343]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71BFFAA37E635829" box="[440,638,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(circles) and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA730FFAA37F975829" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[776,906,1319,1343]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA730FFAA37F975829" box="[776,906,1319,1343]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(squares).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F854FFCA70C0FAE87DFB58D9" blockId="26.[151,1437,1388,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA70C0FAE87ED0589E" bold="true" box="[199,717,1388,1416]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Geographic Variation and Phylogeography.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic analyses of 18 sequences did not recover any geographical structuring from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA71C0FA157E5F58BD" box="[455,578,1425,1451]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
to 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA726EFA157EA658BD" box="[617,699,1425,1451]" name="Bolivia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="132808BDF854FFCA72CBFA157F3D58BA" box="[716,800,1425,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1377,1402]" captionTargetBox="[157,1431,464,1351]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,453,1353]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic relationships of Chiroderma salvini and C. scopaeum based on 24 sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene. Localities in parentheses are detailed in the gazetteer (Appendix 1). This subtree is a detailed version of the clades named “salvini” and “scopaeum” in figure 4." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017529/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
). Phenotypically, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA73ECFA16784558BD" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1003,1112,1425,1452]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA73ECFA16784558BD" box="[1003,1112,1425,1452]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a relatively homogeneous species across its distribution.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F854FFCA70C0FA5C7E7F58E5" blockId="26.[151,1437,1388,2028]" box="[199,610,1496,1524]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA70C0FA5C7D5258E5" bold="true" box="[199,335,1496,1523]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Subspecies.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7151FA5E7DDF58E5" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[342,450,1497,1524]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7151FA5E7DDF58E5" box="[342,450,1497,1524]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30947B3F854FFCC70C0FA7A7F015E95" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F854FFCA70C0FA7A7FE15A02" blockId="26.[151,1437,1388,2028]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA70C0FA7A7D265B0E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1534,1560]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Remarks.</emphasis>
We found four published reports in which 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7324FA7A7FB95B01" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[803,932,1533,1560]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7324FA7A7FB95B01" box="[803,932,1533,1560]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from localities in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA7473FA7978BA5B01" box="[1140,1191,1533,1559]" name="Peru" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Perú</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA74E7FA7979395B01" box="[1248,1316,1533,1559]" name="Brazil" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Brazil</collectingCountry>
were misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA712CF9A67D855B2D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[299,408,1569,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA712CF9A67D855B2D" box="[299,408,1569,1596]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The record of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA724CF9A67EA45B2D" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[587,697,1569,1596]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA724CF9A67EA45B2D" box="[587,697,1569,1596]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the Serra do Divisor, in the Peruvian Amazon (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA7504F9A57CCE5B49" author="Medina, C. E. &amp; Lopez, E. &amp; Pino, K. &amp; Pari, A. &amp; Zeballos, H." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="199 - 212" refId="ref44582" refString="Medina, C. E., Lopez, E., Pino, K., Pari, A. &amp; Zeballos, H. (2015) Biodiversidad de la zona reservada Sierra del Divisor (Peru): una vision desde los mamiferos pequenos Revista Peruana de Biologia, 22 (2), 199 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.15381 / rpb. v 22 i 2.11354" type="journal article" year="2015">
Medina 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7564F9A679805B2D" box="[1379,1437,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
), is here reidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA71E4F9C27E7E5B49" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[483,611,1605,1632]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71E4F9C27E7E5B49" box="[483,611,1605,1632]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the reported forearm length (
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF854FFCA741AF9C078985B76" box="[1053,1157,1604,1632]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.56" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" unit="mm" value="45.6">45.6 mm</quantity>
) and on a photograph of the specimen clearly showing a notched tip on the noseleaf and ears lacking pale margins (C. Medina 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA751BF9EE797D5B95" box="[1308,1376,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">in litt.</emphasis>
). We also reanalyzed the specimens from Porto Velho, 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF854FFCA72D7F9097F5D5BB1" box="[720,832,1677,1703]" country="Brazil" name="Rondonia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Rondônia</collectingRegion>
, (MZUSP 35408) and Aricá, 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF854FFCA7494F90A79345BB1" box="[1171,1321,1677,1704]" country="Brazil" name="Mato Grosso" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Mato Grosso</collectingRegion>
, (MZUSP 6494) reported by 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA7160F9357E5C5BDA" author="Rocha, P. A. &amp; Brandao, M. V. &amp; Garbino, G. S. T. &amp; Cunha, I. N. &amp; Aires, C. C." box="[359,577,1713,1740]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="573 - 578" refId="ref46475" refString="Rocha, P. A., Brandao, M. V., Garbino, G. S. T., Cunha, I. N. &amp; Aires, C. C. (2016) First record of Salvin's big-eyed bat Chiroderma salvini Dobson, 1878 for Brazil. Mammalia, 80 (5), 573 - 578. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mammalia- 2015 - 0077" type="journal article" year="2016">
Rocha 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71B2F9367DF35BDD" box="[437,494,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2016)
</bibRefCitation>
, and confirmed that they have the diagnostic characters of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA74D3F93679495BDD" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1236,1364,1713,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA74D3F93679495BDD" box="[1236,1364,1713,1740]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Also, the record for the Cerrado of 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF854FFCA71DDF9517E5B5BF9" box="[474,582,1749,1775]" country="Brazil" name="Tocantins" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Tocantins</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA7252F9517F0C5BF9" author="Maas, A. C. S. &amp; Gomes, L. A. C. &amp; Martins, M. A. &amp; Dias, D. &amp; Pol, A. &amp; Chaves, F. G. &amp; Schute, M. &amp; Araujo, R. M. &amp; Peracchi, A. L." box="[597,785,1749,1775]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="469 - 480" refId="ref44303" refString="Maas, A. C. S., Gomes, L. A. C., Martins, M. A., Dias, D., Pol, A., Chaves, F. G., Schute, M., Araujo, R. M. &amp; Peracchi, A. L. (2018) Bats in a Cerrado landscape of Northern Brazil: Species occurrence, influence of environmental heterogeneity and seasonality, and eight new records for the State of Tocantins. Mammalia, 82 (5), 469 - 480. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / mammalia- 2017 - 0023" type="journal article" year="2018">
Maas 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA729DF9527ECC5BF9" box="[666,721,1749,1775]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
) is recognized here as a 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7427F95278825BF9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1860" box="[1056,1183,1749,1776]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="villosum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7427F95278825BF9" box="[1056,1183,1749,1776]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. villosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the measurements presented in the article and a photo of the skull (L.A.C. Gomes 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA73AEF97E7FF15A05" box="[937,1004,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">in litt.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F854FFCB70C0F89A79915DCE" blockId="26.[151,1437,1388,2028]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1437,153,432]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA70C0F89A7D915A21" bold="true" box="[199,396,1820,1848]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Natural History.</emphasis>
Four genera and five species of plants are documented in the diet of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7491F89A791F5A21" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1174,1282,1821,1848]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7491F89A791F5A21" box="[1174,1282,1821,1848]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA7521F89979845A21" box="[1318,1433,1821,1847]" name="Colombia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Colombia</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7090F8C67DEF5A4A" authorityName="Cuatrec" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,498,1857,1884]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Urticaceae" genus="Cecropia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="telealba">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7090F8C67D435A4D" box="[151,350,1857,1884]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Cecropia telealba</emphasis>
(Urticaceae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71FBF8C67F425A4D" box="[508,863,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA71FBF8C67E805A4D" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1806" box="[508,669,1857,1883]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="insipida">Ficus insipida</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA72A0F8C67F465A4D" authorityName="Dugand" authorityYear="1942" box="[679,859,1858,1883]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cuatrecasana">F. cuatrecasana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7362F8C578AB5A4D" authorityName="Standl" authorityYear="1933" baseAuthorityName="Miq." box="[869,1206,1857,1883]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Moraceae" genus="Poulsenia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="armata">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7362F8C578315A4D" box="[869,1068,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Poulsenia armata</emphasis>
(Moraceae)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA74E9F8C67D9B5A96" authorityName="Opiz" authorityYear="1828" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="phytolaccifolium">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA74E9F8C67CEE5A69" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Piper phytolaccifolium</emphasis>
(Piperaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA7191F8E17E6A5A69" author="Castano, H. J. &amp; Carranza, A. J." box="[406,631,1893,1919]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="81 - 90" refId="ref39441" refString="Castano, H. J., Carranza, A. J. &amp; Perez-torres, J. (2018) Diet and trophic structure in assemblages of montane frugivorous phyllostomid bats. Acta Oecologica, 91, 81 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actao. 2018.06.005" type="journal article" year="2018">
Castaño 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71FEF8E27E2F5A69" box="[505,562,1893,1919]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA72AEF8E17EE35A69" box="[681,766,1893,1919]" name="Bolivia" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, one 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA733DF8E27FBB5A69" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[826,934,1893,1920]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA733DF8E27FBB5A69" box="[826,934,1893,1920]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was captured in a mist net set under a 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7559F8E27D075AB5" authorityName="Chod" authorityYear="1920" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="guaranitica">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7559F8E27D075AB5" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Ficus guaranitica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Aguirre 1994 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA71C3F80D7DE15AB5" box="[452,508,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">apud</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA7207F80D7EB25AB5" author="Anderson, S." box="[512,687,1929,1955]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 652" refId="ref38151" refString="Anderson, S. (1997) Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 231, 1 - 652." type="journal article" year="1997">Anderson 1997</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF854FFCA72DAF80E7F595AB2" box="[733,836,1930,1956]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F854FFCA7349F80D7FBB5AB5" box="[846,934,1929,1955]" name="Mexico" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">México</collectingCountry>
, individuals were covered in pollen of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7555F80D7DB25ADE" authorityName="Aubl" authorityYear="1775" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Pachira" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aquatica">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7555F80D7D065AD1" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Pachira aquatica</emphasis>
(Malvaceae)
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA71B8F8297F585ADE" author="Hernandez-Montero, J. R. &amp; Sosa, V. J." box="[447,837,1965,1992]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="125 - 134" refId="ref42265" refString="Hernandez-Montero, J. R. &amp; Sosa, V. J. (2016) Reproductive biology of Pachira aquatica Aubl. (Malvaceae: Bombacoideae): A tropical tree pollinated by bats, sphingid moths and honey bees. Plant Species Biology, 31 (2), 125 - 134. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1442 - 1984.12096" type="journal article" year="2016">Hernández-Montero &amp; Sosa 2016</bibRefCitation>
). In the Peruvian Amazon, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA747CF82A79535AD1" author="Bravo, A. &amp; Harms, K. E. &amp; Stevens, R. D. &amp; Emmons, L. H." box="[1147,1358,1965,1992]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="203 - 210" refId="ref39050" refString="Bravo, A., Harms, K. E., Stevens, R. D. &amp; Emmons, L. H. (2008) Collpas: Activity hotspots for frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae) in the Peruvian Amazon. Biotropica, 40 (2), 203 - 210. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1744 - 7429.2007.00362. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Bravo 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA74CFF82A791F5AD1" box="[1224,1282,1965,1991]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">et al.</emphasis>
(2008
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F854FFCA755CF82979885AD1" author="Bravo, A. &amp; Harms, K. E. &amp; Emmons, L. H." box="[1371,1429,1965,1991]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="173 - 184" refId="ref38984" refString="Bravo, A., Harms, K. E. &amp; Emmons, L. H. (2010) Puddles created by geophagous mammals are potential mineral sources for frugivorous bats (Stenodermatinae) in the Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 26 (2), 173 - 184. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0266467409990472" type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
) recorded 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF854FFCA7107F8567D765AFD" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[256,363,2001,2028]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF854FFCA7107F8567D765AFD" box="[256,363,2001,2028]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
visting “collpas”, which are mineral licks containing clay-rich water that is ingested by the bats. Diurnal roosts used by 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7191FF1D7E1D5DA5" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[406,512,153,179]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7191FF1D7E1D5DA5" box="[406,512,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are unknown, but one animal was recorded flying through a lighted tunnel in a gold mine in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB70F4FF397D515DC1" box="[243,332,189,215]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Panamá</collectingCountry>
and, in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB71A2FF397E055DC1" box="[421,536,189,215]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
specimens, have been captured inside houses (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB7421FF3978CF5DC1" author="Goldman, E. A." box="[1062,1234,189,215]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 309" refId="ref41320" refString="Goldman, E. A. (1920) Mammals of Panama. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 69, 1 - 309. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15684" type="journal article" year="1920">Goldman 1920</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB74D9FF3979625DCE" author="Handley Jr., C. O." box="[1246,1407,189,216]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref42065" refString="Handley Jr., C. O. (1976) Mammals of the Smithsonian Venezuelan Project. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 20 (5), 1 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 5667" type="journal article" year="1976">Handley 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F855FFCB70C0FF657FDC5CB9" blockId="27.[151,1437,153,432]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The following ectoparasites have been recorded in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB730EFF657F6B5DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[777,886,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB730EFF657F6B5DED" box="[777,886,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB739CFF657FE55DED" box="[923,1016,225,251]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Panamá</collectingCountry>
: 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7403FF65788D5DED" authority="Garbino &amp; Lim &amp; Tavares, 2020" authorityName="Garbino &amp; Lim &amp; Tavares" authorityYear="2020" box="[1028,1168,225,251]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" genus="Amblyomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7403FF65788D5DED" box="[1028,1168,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Amblyomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2547551F855FFCB749FFF6578C85DED" box="[1176,1237,225,251]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB74E3FF6579515DEA" box="[1252,1356,225,252]" class="Arachnida" family="Ixodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ixodida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ixodidae</taxonomicName>
), 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7567FF657E1F5C36" class="Arachnida" family="Sarcoptidae" genus="Chirnyssoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caparti">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7567FF657D435C09" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chirnyssoides caparti</emphasis>
(Sarcoptidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7217FE817FD35C36" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1902" box="[528,974,261,288]" class="Arachnida" family="Spinturnicidae" genus="Periglischrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iheringi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7217FE817F165C09" box="[528,779,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Periglischrus iheringi</emphasis>
(Spinturnicidae)
</taxonomicName>
, and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7408FE8179805C36" authorityName="Wenzel" authorityYear="1966" box="[1039,1437,261,288]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Paratrichobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7408FE8179135C09" box="[1039,1294,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Paratrichobius salvini</emphasis>
(Streblidae)
</taxonomicName>
(Fairchild 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB710BFEAE7D5E5C55" box="[268,323,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
1966; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB7189FEAD7E3A5C55" author="Furman, D. P." box="[398,551,297,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="125 - 166" refId="ref40630" refString="Furman, D. P. (1966) The spinturnicid mites of Panama (Acarina: Spinturnicidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. &amp; Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Musem of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 125 - 166." type="book chapter" year="1966">Furman 1966</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB7236FEAD7F1F5C55" author="Wenzel, R. L. &amp; Tipton, V. J. &amp; Kiewlicz, A." box="[561,770,297,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="405 - 676" refId="ref49323" refString="Wenzel, R. L., Tipton, V. J. &amp; Kiewlicz, A. (1966) The streblid batflies of Panama (Diptera: Streblidae). In: Wenzel, R. L. &amp; Tipton, V. J. (Eds.), Ectoparasites of Panama. Field Musem of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 405 - 676." type="book chapter" year="1966">
Wenzel 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB728DFEAE7EDF5C55" box="[650,706,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB730AFEAD7FE55C55" author="Lourenco, E. C. &amp; Pinheiro, M. da &amp; Faccini, J. L. H. &amp; Famadas, K. M." box="[781,1016,297,323]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="260 - 264" refId="ref43952" refString="Lourenco, E. C., Pinheiro, M. da C., Faccini, J. L. H. &amp; Famadas, K. M. (2013) New record, host and localities of bat mite of genus Chirnyssoides (Acari, Sarcoptiformes, Sarcoptidae). Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinaria, Jaboticabal, 22 (2), 260 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 29612013000200045" type="journal article" year="2013">
Lourenço 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7379FEAE7FAB5C55" box="[894,950,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7420FEAD78805C55" box="[1063,1181,297,323]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB74A0FEAD79805C55" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1902" box="[1191,1437,297,323]" class="Arachnida" family="Spinturnicidae" genus="Periglischrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iheringi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB74A0FEAD79805C55" box="[1191,1437,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Periglischrus iheringi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB70CEFEC97E5B5C7E" authorityName="Wenzel" authorityYear="1976" box="[201,582,333,360]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Trichobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="persimilis">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB70CEFEC97DA55C71" box="[201,440,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Trichobius persimilis</emphasis>
(Streblidae)
</taxonomicName>
were collected in 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB731CFEC97F945C71" authorityName="Wenzel" authorityYear="1966" box="[795,905,333,359]" class="Insecta" family="Hippoboscidae" genus="Paratrichobius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB731CFEC97F945C71" box="[795,905,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB739EFEC978875C71" author="Herrin, C. S. &amp; Tipton, V. J." box="[921,1178,332,359]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref42332" refString="Herrin, C. S. &amp; Tipton, V. J. (1975) Spinturnicid mites of Venezuela (Acarina: Spinturnicidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 20 (2), 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1975">Herrin &amp; Tipton 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB74A0FEC979225C7E" author="Wenzel, R. L." box="[1191,1343,333,360]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="1 - 177" refId="ref49288" refString="Wenzel, R. L. (1976) The streblid batflies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series, 20, 1 - 177." type="journal article" year="1976">Wenzel 1976</bibRefCitation>
), and in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7090FEF57CF05C9D" box="[151,237,369,395]" name="Mexico" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">México</collectingCountry>
the mites 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7161FEF57F2F5C9A" box="[358,818,369,396]" class="Arachnida" family="Macronyssidae" genus="Parichoronyssus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lopezi">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7161FEF57E705C9D" box="[358,621,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Parichoronyssus lopezi</emphasis>
(Macronyssidae)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7345FEF5785C5C9D" box="[834,1089,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7345FEF578215C9D" authorityName="Oudemans" authorityYear="1902" box="[834,1084,369,395]" class="Arachnida" family="Spinturnicidae" genus="Periglischrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mesostigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iheringi">Periglischrus iheringi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB747CFEF57D365CA6" class="Arachnida" family="Myobiidae" genus="Eudusbabekia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Prostigmata" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vampyrops">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB747CFEF579815C9D" box="[1147,1436,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Eudusbabekia vampyrops</emphasis>
(Myiobiidae)
</taxonomicName>
were recorded on the species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB7283FE117FA85CB9" author="Colin-Martinez, H. &amp; Morales-Malacara, J. B. &amp; Garcia-Estrada, C." box="[644,949,405,431]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="172 - 182" refId="ref39763" refString="Colin-Martinez, H., Morales-Malacara, J. B. &amp; Garcia-Estrada, C. (2017) Epizoic fauna survey on phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in a shaded coffee plantation of southeastern Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Medical Entomology, 55 (1), 172 - 182. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjx 186." type="journal article" year="2017">
Colín-Martínez 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB733EFE127F6F5CB9" box="[825,882,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF6C44B0F855FFCB7090FAE57ED758D4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4017529" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4017529" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4017529/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" startId="27.[151,250,1377,1402]" targetBox="[157,1431,464,1351]" targetPageId="27">
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F855FFCB7090FAE57ED758D4" blockId="27.[151,1436,1377,1474]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7090FAE57D3C586C" bold="true" box="[151,289,1377,1402]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
Phylogenetic relationships of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB725EFAE67F3D586C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[601,800,1378,1402]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB725EFAE67F3D586C" box="[601,800,1378,1402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Chiroderma salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7354FAE77FCB586C" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[851,982,1379,1402]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7354FAE77FCB586C" box="[851,982,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on 24 sequences of the cytochrome 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7596FAE77981586C" box="[1425,1436,1379,1402]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">c</emphasis>
oxidase subunit 1 gene. Localities in parentheses are detailed in the gazetteer (Appendix 1). This subtree is a detailed version of the clades named “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7150FA2E7D8658D4" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[343,411,1450,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7150FA2E7D8658D4" box="[343,411,1450,1474]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” and “ 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB71E5FA2F7E5A58D4" authorityName="Handley" authorityYear="1966" box="[482,583,1451,1474]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scopaeum">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB71E5FA2F7E5A58D4" box="[482,583,1451,1474]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">scopaeum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” in figure 4.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F855FFCB70C0FA7478BA5B8D" blockId="27.[151,1437,1520,2015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
The reproductive pattern of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB720CFA757E645B1C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[523,633,1520,1547]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB720CFA757E645B1C" box="[523,633,1520,1547]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Central America is best described as seasonal polyestry, with birth peaks occurring between March and April, and in August. Based on label information, pregnant females were recorded in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7127F9BD7D645B45" box="[288,377,1593,1619]" name="Panama" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Panamá</collectingCountry>
in January (n=1), February (n=41), March (n=1), and June (n=1), while lactating individuals were recorded in March (n=5). In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7212F9D87E8C5B60" box="[533,657,1628,1654]" name="Guatemala" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, a pregnant 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB731FF9D97F995B60" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[792,900,1628,1655]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB731FF9D97F995B60" box="[792,900,1628,1655]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded in January (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB74AFF9D9796F5B61" author="Carter, D. C. &amp; Pine, R. H. &amp; Davis, W. B." box="[1192,1394,1628,1655]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="488 - 499" refId="ref39392" refString="Carter, D. C., Pine, R. H. &amp; Davis, W. B. (1966) Notes on Middle American bats. The Southwestern Naturalist, 11, 488 - 499. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668862" type="journal article" year="1966">
Carter 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB74F0F9D979325B60" box="[1271,1327,1628,1654]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
1966
</bibRefCitation>
). In 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7090F9047D1A5B8C" box="[151,263,1664,1690]" name="Honduras" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Honduras</collectingCountry>
, pregnant or lactating 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB7206F9057E715B8C" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[513,620,1664,1691]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7206F9057E715B8C" box="[513,620,1664,1691]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been found in July and August (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB7414F90478865B8D" author="LaVal, R. K." box="[1043,1179,1664,1691]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="819 - 822" refId="ref43331" refString="LaVal, R. K. (1969) Records of bats from Honduras and El Salvador. Journal of Mammalogy, 50 (4), 819 - 822. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1378267" type="journal article" year="1969">LaVal 1969</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F855FFCB70C0F9217D475A80" blockId="27.[151,1437,1520,2015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
In South American populations, the scarcity of data does not permit generalizations. Based on the information we obtained from specimen labels, pregnant females have been recorded in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB73EFF94C78465BF4" box="[1000,1115,1736,1762]" name="Venezuela" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
in July (n=2), August (n=1), and November (n=1), and in the Colombian Pacific there is a record for June (n=1). Based on literature records, pregnancies in 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7143F8947DAF5A3C" box="[324,434,1808,1834]" name="Colombia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Colombia</collectingCountry>
are known for January, March, April, May, June, October, and December, and there are records of females that were both pregnant and lactating in March and April (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8269C9F855FFCB740EF8B078825A59" author="Wilson, D. E." box="[1033,1183,1844,1871]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="317 - 378" refId="ref49432" refString="Wilson, D. E. (1979) Reproductive patterns. In: Baker, J. R., Jones Jr., J. K. &amp; Carter, D. C. (Eds.), Biology of the bats of the New World Family Phyllostomatidae. Part III. Museum of Texas Tech University Special Publications 16. Museum of Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, pp. 317 - 378." type="book chapter" year="1979">Wilson 1979</bibRefCitation>
). In cis-Andean South America, two pregnant females were recorded from 
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB72E1F8DD7F015A65" box="[742,796,1881,1907]" name="Peru" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Perú</collectingCountry>
, in August and September, and a lactating 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF855FFCB74FAF8DD79745A64" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1277,1385,1880,1907]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB74FAF8DD79745A64" box="[1277,1385,1880,1907]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">C. salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was noted in October.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BAC1438F855FFCC70C0F8247F015E95" blockId="27.[151,1437,1520,2015]" lastBlockId="28.[151,1436,152,899]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB70C0F8247DDB5AAD" bold="true" box="[199,454,1952,1979]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Specimens Examined</emphasis>
(N = 216): 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F855FFCB7257F82478A45AAD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124546" box="[592,1209,1952,1979]" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="La Paz &amp; Serrania Bellavista" country="Bolivia" location="Serrania Bellavista" municipality="La Paz" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="AMNH 246625" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7257F8247EB95AAD" bold="true" box="[592,676,1952,1979]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F855FFCB7257F8247EB95AAD" box="[592,676,1952,1979]" name="Bolivia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB72B3F8257F195AAC" box="[692,772,1953,1978]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F855FFCB72B3F8257F195AAC" box="[692,772,1953,1978]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">La Paz</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F855FFCB7314F8247FF45AAC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F855FFCB7314F8247FF45AAC" box="[787,1001,1952,1978]" country="Bolivia" municipality="La Paz" name="Serrania Bellavista" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Serrania Bellavista</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F855FFCB73FFF82578AC5AAD" box="[1016,1201,1952,1979]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AMNH 246625</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F855FFCB74C2F8247DDE5AC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124378" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Bolivia" location="Santa Rosa" municipality="Santa Rosa" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="AMNH 262537, 262538" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pando">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB74C2F82479135AAC" box="[1221,1294,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF855FFCB74C2F82479135AAC" box="[1221,1294,1952,1978]" country="Bolivia" name="Pando" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Pando</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F855FFCB7519F82579815AAD" box="[1310,1436,1953,1979]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santa Rosa</collectingMunicipality>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F855FFCB7098F8417D4B5AC9" box="[159,342,1988,2015]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AMNH 262537</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F855FFCB7165F8407DA65AC9" box="[354,443,1988,2015]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">262538</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F855FFCB71D7F84179175AC9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124696" box="[464,1290,1988,2015]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Bolivia" location="Santa Cruz" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="AMNH 261666" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB71D7F8417E535AC9" box="[464,590,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF855FFCB71D7F8417E535AC9" box="[464,590,1989,2015]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF855FFCB7259F84078255AC8" box="[606,1080,1988,2015]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF855FFCB7259F8407EB35AC8" box="[606,686,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="4.5">4.5 km</quantity>
N and 
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF855FFCB7304F8407F4E5AC8" box="[771,851,1988,2015]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="1.5">1.5 km</quantity>
E of Cerro Amboro
</locationDeviation>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F855FFCB744EF841791F5AC9" box="[1097,1282,1988,2015]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AMNH 261666</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F855FFCC7511F8417F385DA2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124318" collectionCode="AMNH" country="Bolivia" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="29" location="Estancia San Rafael de Amboro" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" specimenCode="AMNH 261667-261670" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF855FFCB7511F84179885AC9" box="[1302,1429,1989,2015]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF855FFCB7511F84179885AC9" box="[1302,1429,1989,2015]" country="Bolivia" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santa Cruz</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FF1D7DEA5DA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FF1D7DEA5DA5" box="[151,503,153,179]" country="Bolivia" name="Estancia San Rafael de Amboro" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Santa Cruz">Estancia San Rafael de Amboro</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7203FF1D7F005DA2" box="[516,797,153,180]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">AMNH 261667–261670</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7329FF1C79815DA5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124653" box="[814,1436,152,179]" collectorName="Vereda El Dorado &amp; Vereda San Juan d'Carolina" country="Colombia" location="Vereda El Dorado" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IAvH-M 7034" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quindio">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7329FF1C7FBE5DA5" bold="true" box="[814,931,152,179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC7329FF1C7FBE5DA5" box="[814,931,152,179]" name="Colombia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Colombia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC73B7FF1D78115DA5" box="[944,1036,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC73B7FF1D78115DA5" box="[944,1036,153,179]" country="Colombia" name="Quindio" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Quindío</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC741FFF1D78C25DA5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC741FFF1D78C25DA5" box="[1048,1247,153,179]" country="Colombia" name="Vereda El Dorado" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Quindio">Vereda El Dorado</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC74EBFF1D798D5DA5" box="[1260,1424,153,179]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IAvH-M 7034</specimenCode>
),
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7090FF397ED45DC1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124570" box="[151,713,189,215]" collectorName="Vereda El Dorado &amp; Vereda San Juan d'Carolina" country="Colombia" location="Vereda San Juan d'Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="IAvH-M 7036, 7039" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Quindio">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FF397DD65DC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FF397DD65DC1" box="[151,459,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Vereda San Juan d'Carolina" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Quindio">Vereda San Juan d’Carolina</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC71DFFF397E665DC1" box="[472,635,189,215]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IAvH-M 7036</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7282FF397EDC5DC1" box="[645,705,189,215]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">7039</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC72D4FF3978E55DCE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124709" box="[723,1272,189,216]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Pance" country="Colombia" location="Pance" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 483743-483746" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC72D4FF397F9C5DC1" box="[723,897,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC72D4FF397F9C5DC1" box="[723,897,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Valle del Cauca" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Valle del Cauca</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7389FF397FCC5DC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7389FF397FCC5DC1" box="[910,977,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Pance" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Valle del Cauca">Pance</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC73D9FF3978EF5DCE" box="[990,1266,189,216]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 483743–483746</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7504FF397DA15DEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124597" collectionCode="USNM" country="Colombia" location="Rio Zabaletas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 483747-483762" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7504FF3979815DC1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7504FF3979815DC1" box="[1283,1436,189,215]" country="Colombia" name="Rio Zabaletas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Río Zabaletas</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7098FF657DA95DEA" box="[159,436,225,252]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 483747–483762</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC71C1FF6479375DED" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124620" box="[454,1322,224,251]" collectionCode="BMNH" country="Costa Rica" location="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="BMNH 68.8.16.2" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC71C1FF647E555DED" bold="true" box="[454,584,224,251]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC71C1FF647E555DED" box="[454,584,224,251]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: without precise locality (
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC736AFF65782E5DED" box="[877,1075,225,251]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BMNH 68.8.16.2</specimenCode>
[holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="4C136FBBF852FFCC74CBFF65790A5DED" authorityName="Dobson" authorityYear="1878" box="[1228,1303,225,251]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Chiroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salvini">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC74CBFF65790A5DED" box="[1228,1303,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">salvini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
])
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC753FFF657E045C09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124516" collectionCode="USNM" country="Costa Rica" location="Angostura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 12913/22849" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cartago" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC753FFF6579885DED" box="[1336,1429,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC753FFF6579885DED" box="[1336,1429,225,251]" country="Costa Rica" name="Cartago" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cartago</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FE817D115C09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7090FE817D115C09" box="[151,268,261,287]" country="Costa Rica" name="Angostura" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Cartago">Angostura</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC711AFE817E0D5C09" box="[285,528,261,287]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">USNM 12913/22849</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7221FE8178755C09" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124543" box="[550,1128,260,287]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Costa Rica" location="Rincon de La Vieja" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 565812" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Guanacaste" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7221FE817EAF5C09" box="[550,690,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7221FE817EB25C09" box="[550,687,261,287]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
,
</emphasis>
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC72BBFE817F875C09" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC72BBFE817F875C09" box="[700,922,261,287]" country="Costa Rica" name="Rincon de La Vieja" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Guanacaste">Rincón de La Vieja</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC73ACFE81787D5C09" box="[939,1120,260,287]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 565812</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7472FE817E025C55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124618" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo" country="Costa Rica" location="Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 562856" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Heredia" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7472FE8178CD5C09" box="[1141,1232,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7472FE8178CD5C09" box="[1141,1232,261,287]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Heredia</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC74E7FE817D505C55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC74E7FE817D505C55" country="Costa Rica" name="Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Heredia">Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7167FEAD7E0A5C55" box="[352,535,296,323]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 562856</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7229FEAE782B5C55" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124427" box="[558,1078,297,323]" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Canas Gordas" country="Costa Rica" location="Canas Gordas" municipality="Puntarenas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="AMNH 142484" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puntarenas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7229FEAE7EB35C55" box="[558,686,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F852FFCC7229FEAE7EB35C55" box="[558,686,298,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puntarenas</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC72C7FEAD7F7C5C55" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC72C7FEAD7F7C5C55" box="[704,865,297,323]" country="Costa Rica" municipality="Puntarenas" name="Canas Gordas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Puntarenas">Cañas Gordas</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7374FEAD78325C55" box="[883,1071,297,323]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">AMNH 142484</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7442FEAD7DC55C7E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124564" collectionCode="TTU" collectorName="Los Planes" country="El Salvador" location="Los Planes" municipality="Santa Ana" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="TTU 62461, 62462" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Ana" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7442FEAD78C85C55" bold="true" box="[1093,1237,296,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC7442FEAD78C85C55" box="[1093,1237,296,323]" name="El Salvador" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">El Salvador</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC74EEFEAD797D5C55" box="[1257,1376,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F852FFCC74EEFEAD797D5C55" box="[1257,1376,297,323]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Santa Ana</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7575FEAD7CFD5C71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7575FEAD7CFD5C71" country="El Salvador" municipality="Santa Ana" name="Los Planes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Santa Ana">Los Planes</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC70F7FEC97D645C71" box="[240,377,333,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TTU 62461</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7182FEC97DCD5C7E" box="[389,464,333,360]" collectionCode="TTU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1bj5-0jrh" name="Texas Tech University, Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">62462</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC71E4FEC878395C71" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124503" box="[483,1060,332,359]" collectionCode="ROM" country="Guatemala" location="Rio Uyus" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="ROM 99703" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="El Progreso">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC71E4FEC87E7A5C71" bold="true" box="[483,615,332,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC71E4FEC87E7A5C71" box="[483,615,332,359]" name="Guatemala" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7270FEC97EE35C71" box="[631,766,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7270FEC97EE35C71" box="[631,766,333,359]" country="Guatemala" name="El Progreso" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">El Progreso</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC730AFEC97F655C71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC730AFEC97F655C71" box="[781,888,333,359]" country="Guatemala" name="Rio Uyus" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="El Progreso">Rio Uyús</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7380FEC978015C71" box="[903,1052,333,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">ROM 99703</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7428FEC97EFE5C9D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124373" collectionCode="TTU" collectorName="N Tegucigalpa" country="Honduras" location="Francisco Morazan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="TTU 12800-12808" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Francisco Morazan">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7428FEC978BA5C71" bold="true" box="[1071,1191,333,359]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC7428FEC978BA5C71" box="[1071,1191,333,359]" name="Honduras" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Honduras</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC74B0FECA79885C71" box="[1207,1429,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC74B0FECA79885C71" box="[1207,1429,333,359]" country="Honduras" name="Francisco Morazan" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Francisco Morazán</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A1E0D1AF852FFCC7090FEF57DF15C9D" box="[151,492,369,395]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<quantity id="4CEBB9DDF852FFCC7090FEF57CFD5C9D" box="[151,224,369,395]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="16.0">16 km</quantity>
by road N Tegucigalpa
</locationDeviation>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC71FBFEF57EC65C9D" box="[508,731,369,395]" collectionCode="TTU" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1bj5-0jrh" name="Texas Tech University, Museum" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">TTU 12800–12808</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
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, 
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, 
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(
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, 
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<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7090FD157CC05FBD" box="[151,221,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F852FFCC7090FD157CC05FBD" box="[151,221,657,683]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Cusco</collectingMunicipality>
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, 
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(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC716EFD157E7A5FBD" box="[361,615,656,683]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 19663–19665</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7272FD157EA25FBA" box="[629,703,657,684]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">19667</specimenCode>
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, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC72D2FD1578E35FBD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124389" box="[725,1278,657,683]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" location="Comunidad Nativa Tangoshiari" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 13377" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC72D2FD1578275FBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC72D2FD1578275FBD" box="[725,1082,657,683]" country="Peru" name="Comunidad Nativa Tangoshiari" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Comunidad Nativa Tangoshiari</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC744CFD1578EB5FBD" box="[1099,1270,657,683]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 13377</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC750AFD157D475FD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124406" collectionCode="USNM" country="Peru" location="Ridge Camp" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 588032" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC750AFD1579815FBD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC750AFD1579815FBD" box="[1293,1436,657,683]" country="Peru" name="Ridge Camp" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Ridge Camp</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7098FD317D4F5FD9" box="[159,338,692,719]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 588032</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7161FD317FE05FD9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124413" box="[358,1021,692,719]" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Hacienda Amazonia" country="Peru" location="Hacienda Amazonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 9742, 9751" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7161FD317E0D5FD9" box="[358,528,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7161FD317E0D5FD9" box="[358,528,693,719]" country="Peru" name="Madre de Dios" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Madre de Dios</collectingRegion>
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, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7218FD317F1F5FD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7218FD317F1F5FD9" box="[543,770,693,719]" country="Peru" name="Hacienda Amazonia" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Madre de Dios">Hacienda Amazonia</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7315FD317FB05FD9" box="[786,941,693,719]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 9742</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC73BEFD307FE85FD9" box="[953,1013,692,719]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">9751</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC740DFD317CF45FE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124455" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" location="Quebrada Aguas Calientes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 16650" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC740DFD3179285FD9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC740DFD3179285FD9" box="[1034,1333,693,719]" country="Peru" name="Quebrada Aguas Calientes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Quebrada Aguas Calientes</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7542FD317CFC5FE5" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 16650</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC70FEFD5E7EDF5FE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124368" box="[249,706,729,755]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" location="Palmira" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 10878-10880" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC70FEFD5E7D205FE5" box="[249,317,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC70FEFD5E7D205FE5" box="[249,317,730,755]" country="Peru" name="Pasco" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Pasco</collectingRegion>
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, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7148FD5D7DBB5FE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7148FD5D7DBB5FE5" box="[335,422,729,755]" country="Peru" name="Palmira" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Pasco">Palmira</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC71BEFD5D7EA75FE5" box="[441,698,729,755]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 10878–10880</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC72D5FD5E78425FE5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124429" box="[722,1119,729,755]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" location="Yanacocha" municipality="Puno" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 34980" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puno">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC72D5FD5E7F105FE5" box="[722,781,730,755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F852FFCC72D5FD5E7F105FE5" box="[722,781,730,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Puno</collectingMunicipality>
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, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7319FD5D7F855FE5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7319FD5D7F855FE5" box="[798,920,729,755]" country="Peru" municipality="Puno" name="Yanacocha" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Puno">Yanacocha</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC73ADFD5D784A5FE5" box="[938,1111,729,755]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 34980</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7468FD5D7D605E01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124445" collectionCode="MUSM" collectorName="Quebrada Naranjos" country="Peru" location="Quebrada Naranjos" municipality="Tumbes" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="MUSM 19177" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tumbes">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7468FD5D78D85FE5" box="[1135,1221,729,755]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC88E42F852FFCC7468FD5D78D85FE5" box="[1135,1221,729,755]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tumbes</collectingMunicipality>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC74D1FD5D7CA55E01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC74D1FD5D7CA55E01" country="Peru" municipality="Tumbes" name="Quebrada Naranjos" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Tumbes">Quebrada Naranjos</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC70CEFD797D685E01" box="[201,373,765,791]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MUSM 19177</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC718DFD79783A5E01" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124352" box="[394,1063,765,791]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="La Copa" country="Venezuela" location="La Copa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 440740-440744" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Carabobo">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC718DFD797E1F5E01" bold="true" box="[394,514,765,791]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingCountry id="F30454A8F852FFCC718DFD797E1F5E01" box="[394,514,765,791]" name="Venezuela" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: 
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7213FD797E9B5E01" box="[532,646,765,791]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC7213FD797E9B5E01" box="[532,646,765,791]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7291FD797EE55E01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7291FD797EE55E01" box="[662,760,765,791]" country="Venezuela" name="La Copa" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Carabobo">La Copa</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC730EFD79783D5E01" box="[777,1056,765,791]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 440740–440744</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7431FD797D625E2A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124491" collectionCode="USNM" country="Venezuela" location="La Vega del Rio Santo Domingo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 440746" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7431FD797CAE5E2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7431FD797CAE5E2D" country="Venezuela" name="La Vega del Rio Santo Domingo" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">La Vega del Río Santo Domingo</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC70C4FCA57D6B5E2A" box="[195,374,801,828]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 440746</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC718CFCA6780F5E2D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124480" box="[395,1042,800,827]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Los Venados" country="Venezuela" location="Los Venados" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 370526, 370527" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC718CFCA67E5E5E2D" box="[395,579,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC718CFCA67E5E5E2D" box="[395,579,801,827]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Distrito Federal</collectingRegion>
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, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7255FCA57EFE5E2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7255FCA57EFE5E2D" box="[594,739,801,827]" country="Venezuela" name="Los Venados" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Distrito Federal">Los Venados</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC72F4FCA57FB85E2D" box="[755,933,800,827]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 370526</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC73B6FCA478145E2D" box="[945,1033,800,827]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">370527</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7419FCA57D475E49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124494" collectionCode="USNM" country="Venezuela" location="Hotel Humboldt" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 370528, 370530-370532" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7419FCA578CA5E2D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7419FCA578CA5E2D" box="[1054,1239,801,827]" country="Venezuela" name="Hotel Humboldt" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Hotel Humboldt</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC74E1FCA579855E2D" box="[1254,1432,800,827]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 370528</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC7090FCC07D4F5E49" box="[151,338,836,863]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">370530–370532</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7160FCC17FBF5E49" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124515" box="[359,930,837,863]" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="Guatopo Natural Park" country="Venezuela" location="Miranda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 387191" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Miranda">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC7160FCC17DD45E49" box="[359,457,837,863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7160FCC17DD45E49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7160FCC17DD45E49" box="[359,457,837,863]" country="Venezuela" name="Miranda" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Miranda">Miranda</location>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC71DDFCC17EC95E49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC71DDFCC17EC95E49" box="[474,724,837,863]" country="Venezuela" name="Guatopo Natural Park" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Miranda">Guatopo Natural Park</location>
(
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)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC73A8FCC27D475E95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124535" collectionCode="USNM" country="Venezuela" location="Hacienda San Fernando" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 415233-415235" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Monagas">
<emphasis id="B967C82AF852FFCC73A8FCC2780A5E49" box="[943,1047,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectingRegion id="49D7DADAF852FFCC73A8FCC2780A5E49" box="[943,1047,838,863]" country="Venezuela" name="Monagas" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Monagas</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
, 
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC742FFCC179245E49" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC742FFCC179245E49" box="[1064,1337,837,863]" country="Venezuela" name="Hacienda San Fernando" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Monagas">Hacienda San Fernando</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC754EFCC17D4F5E95" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 415233–415235</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
, 
<materialsCitation id="3B7B1E65F852FFCC7162FCED7F055E95" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2857124627" box="[357,792,872,899]" collectionCode="USNM" country="Venezuela" location="San Agustin" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCode="USNM 415236, 415237" specimenCount="1">
<location id="8ECC42E3F852FFCC7162FCED7DF05E95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BAA52EF85DFFCC7090F8BD7F015E95:8ECC42E3F852FFCC7162FCED7DF05E95" box="[357,493,873,899]" country="Venezuela" name="San Agustin" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">San Agustín</location>
(
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC71FCFCED7EB15E95" box="[507,684,872,899]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM 415236</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="DBB5BC43F852FFCC72B0FCEC7F0D5E95" box="[695,784,872,899]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">415237</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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