441 lines
47 KiB
XML
441 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="BD76925B11ED0F2CEF5020867B50046F" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13184215" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722608208978" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Deuti, Kaushik, Ray, Sukumar, Bag, Probhat & Dey, Swapan Kumar" docDate="2017" docId="03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.117.3.221-241.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 117 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Duttaphrynus melanostictus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="225" masterDocId="FF97F8126375FF85D5170852FFFDD46C" masterDocTitle="Amphibians of the Duars area of Northern West Bengal" masterLastPageNumber="241" masterPageNumber="221" pageNumber="223" updateTime="1722658982830" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="DDA09A77A78406AFD7AFCAFE8213295D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="04D1F77B5CD9457B068149DAE69E6123">
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<mods:title id="CAC2022615F68F09B3C4B72E11B1FFE8">Amphibians of the Duars area of Northern West Bengal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="D9EFBD3166B9C269F1B350CBAA10C2D6">Deuti, Kaushik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="F804EC0B0EB91C0367640DCA261D7FAC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="135BBCB5E3C8F87D3E85C44B3DC80959">Ray, Sukumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="B5650F0EBE1B96BEDF758FE5B7C6EEC3" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1C38482527E178DBB22A9CE973A5BA8C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EC8786EAB7A66D82A2244E9DC19C327E">Bag, Probhat</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9B9AE24FA0E194F6DE09B47426C6B6EB" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4A5378D219ACA1C17B8FD2B476A629BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="B7B86D13C168AF5A3AF9AE67E7916211">Dey, Swapan Kumar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="282F4E774CB5527DF35FFE09F65524B9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0A4AC86CC050BD8C7760058C22B3663A">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="91F0FE5C7B151B43E0570C0CFD968230">
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<mods:date id="7970666CD83C5E817FE76EDB8E94A945">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B401F413F871AE36F01847BAB3D57213">2017-12-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C58B0DB6ED61F2DEF6FB9C57B5089937" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="711256349FAF71FA5B8A35CBCEE8BC7E">117</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D5921CBED7CA93BBB9D0F3B4D10B3297" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="C75983F1D055580C63B8B5F13F552D47">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="6F5A16CC1BEB922EE2A95DEBA6DFAE39">221</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="71FBB33A6E28B12BD23C4793EF434F77">241</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="7EF8C81A02F3B35CCE5DD1302E7A0514">http://dx.doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="62A654B4EA66DF54DF43B74BAFA1AB25">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3C94A37146A0A03B5A72A022742BEDAB" type="DOI">10.26515/rzsi/v117/i3/2017/120966</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6B73306E268D13D2BEE4DD540A2147C2" type="ISSN">2581-8686</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="65C3EB853C551B96433CA3CE817125CD" type="Zenodo-Dep">13184215</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">
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<subSubSection id="C31D62F76377FF87D6540C5BFA78D048" box="[835,1413,1033,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB8317C6377FF87D6540C5BFA78D048" blockId="2.[835,1413,1033,1060]" box="[835,1413,1033,1060]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">
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<heading id="D0F086106377FF87D6540C5BFA78D048" box="[835,1413,1033,1060]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D6540C5BFCA5D04F" bold="true" box="[835,856,1033,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6377FF87D6630C5BFA78D048" ID-CoL="6DQ3T" authority="(Schneider, 1799)" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[884,1413,1033,1060]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D6630C5BFB47D048" bold="true" box="[884,1210,1033,1060]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Duttaphrynus melanostictus</emphasis>
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(Schneider, 1799)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C31D62F76377FF81D6540C14FE3BD619" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="225" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB8317C6377FF87D6540C14FA3CD00C" blockId="2.[835,1473,1094,1120]" box="[835,1473,1094,1120]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">
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||
1799.
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<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6377FF87D6940C14FAB9D00C" authority="Schneider, Hist. Amph." authorityName="Schneider, Hist. Amph." box="[899,1348,1094,1120]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D6940C14FBB6D00C" box="[899,1099,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Bufo melanostictus</emphasis>
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Schneider,
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D1D20C14FAC3D00C" box="[1221,1342,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Hist.Amph</emphasis>
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.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6377FF87D05F0C14FA8DD033" authorityName="Slipinski" authorityYear="2007" box="[1352,1392,1094,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nat" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D05F0C14FA8DD033" box="[1352,1392,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Nat</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 1: 216.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB8317C6377FF87D6540CD7FA90D0F2" blockId="2.[835,1389,1156,1183]" box="[835,1389,1156,1183]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">
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<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D6540CD7FC0DD0F2" box="[835,1008,1157,1183]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Common Name</emphasis>
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: Common
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<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6377FF87D1670CD6FB05D0F2" authority="Toad" authorityName="Toad" box="[1136,1272,1156,1182]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian Toad</taxonomicName>
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(English).
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6377FF87D6540CECFB6AD374" blockId="2.[832,1474,1214,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">
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||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6377FF87D6540CECFBD7D0B4" box="[835,1066,1214,1240]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Specimens examined</emphasis>
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:
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D1570CECFA41D14C" collectingDate="2014-05-31" county="Buxa Fort" location="Alipurduar district" municipality="Buxa Tiger Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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8 ex: A 11936 from
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<collectingCounty id="62D949F06377FF87D0530CECFA41D0B4" box="[1348,1468,1214,1240]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Buxa Fort</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D6540CB0FBD0D090" box="[835,1069,1250,1276]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Buxa Tiger Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D1570CB0FAE6D090" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D1570CB0FAE6D090" box="[1088,1307,1250,1276]" county="Buxa Fort" municipality="Buxa Tiger Reserve" name="Alipurduar district" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Alipurduar district</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6377FF87D0380CB0FA3DD090" box="[1327,1472,1250,1276]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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||
(26°45’323”N, 89°34’868”E) collected on
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<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D0440D54FA41D14C" box="[1363,1468,1286,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-05-31">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D0440D54FA41D14C" box="[1363,1468,1286,1312]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-05-31">31.v.2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D6540D78FB1CD1E0" collectingDate="2014-06-04" county="Rajabhatkhawa" location="Alipurduar district" municipality="Buxa Tiger Reserve" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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A 11942 from
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<collectingCounty id="62D949F06377FF87D11E0D78FB49D128" box="[1033,1204,1322,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Rajabhatkhawa</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D1DC0D78FA40D128" box="[1227,1469,1322,1348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Buxa Tiger Reserve</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D6540D1CFBCFD104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D6540D1CFBCFD104" box="[835,1074,1358,1384]" county="Rajabhatkhawa" municipality="Buxa Tiger Reserve" name="Alipurduar district" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Alipurduar district</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6377FF87D14D0D1CFAFCD104" box="[1114,1281,1358,1384]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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(26°36’839”N, 89°31’929”E) collected on
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<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D1780D20FB1CD1E0" box="[1135,1249,1394,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-06-04">
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<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D1780D20FB1CD1E0" box="[1135,1249,1394,1420]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-06-04">04.vi.2014</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D1F80D20FA41D1B8" collectingDate="2014-06-09" county="Mendabari" location="Jalpaiguri district" municipality="Chilapata forest" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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A 11955- A 11956 from
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<collectingCounty id="62D949F06377FF87D6970DC4FC06D1DC" box="[896,1019,1430,1456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Mendabari</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D1120DC4FB48D1DC" box="[1029,1205,1430,1456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Chilapata forest</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D1A80DC4FA82D1DC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D1A80DC4FA82D1DC" box="[1215,1407,1430,1456]" county="Mendabari" municipality="Chilapata forest" name="Jalpaiguri district" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Jalpaiguri district</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6377FF87D09D0DC4FC72D1B8" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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(26°36’687”N, 89°23’996”E)collectedon
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<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D05D0DE8FA41D1B8" box="[1354,1468,1466,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-06-09">
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<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D05D0DE8FA41D1B8" box="[1354,1468,1466,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2014-06-09">09.vi.2014</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
;
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D6570D8CFB86D22C" collectingDate="2015-08-09" collectingDateMax="2015-08-10" collectingDateMin="2015-08-09" county="Ramsai" location="Jalpaiguridistrict" municipality="Gorumara National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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||
A 12430-A 12431 from
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||
<collectingCounty id="62D949F06377FF87D1510D8CFB67D194" box="[1094,1178,1502,1528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Ramsai</collectingCounty>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D1B30D8CFA44D194" box="[1188,1465,1502,1528]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Gorumara National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D6540E50FBFCD270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D6540E50FBFCD270" box="[835,1025,1538,1564]" county="Ramsai" municipality="Gorumara National Park" name="Jalpaiguridistrict" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Jalpaiguridistrict</location>
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||
,
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||
<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D11F0E50FB70D270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D11F0E50FB70D270" box="[1032,1165,1538,1564]" county="Ramsai" municipality="Gorumara National Park" name="WestBengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">WestBengal</location>
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||
(89°23’996”N, 88°84’692”E) collected on
|
||
<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D6C10E77FB86D22C" box="[982,1147,1573,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-09" valueMax="2015-08-10" valueMin="2015-08-09">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D6C10E77FB86D22C" box="[982,1147,1573,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-09" valueMax="2015-08-10" valueMin="2015-08-09">09-10.viii.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D19D0E74FA72D2E4" collectingDate="2015-08-14" location="Jalpaiguri district" municipality="Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
|
||
A 12432 from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D02E0E74FBDDD208" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
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||
<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D12C0E18FAF1D208" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D12C0E18FAF1D208" box="[1083,1292,1610,1636]" municipality="Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary" name="Jalpaiguri district" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Jalpaiguri district</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6377FF87D0300E18FA3CD208" box="[1319,1473,1610,1636]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(26°34’632”N, 89°24’276”E) collected on
|
||
<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D0070E3FFA72D2E4" box="[1296,1423,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D0070E3FFA72D2E4" box="[1296,1423,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-14">14.viii.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216377FF87D0800E3CFC15D298" collectingDate="2015-08-19" county="Hollong" location="Jalpaiguri district" municipality="Jaldapara National Park" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
|
||
and A 12433 from
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D949F06377FF87D6F50EC0FBC3D2C0" box="[994,1086,1682,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Hollong</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066377FF87D15F0EC0FAB3D2C0" box="[1096,1358,1682,1708]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">Jaldapara National Park</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8ED867A76377FF87D04F0EC0FC6FD2BC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76377FF87D04F0EC0FC6FD2BC" county="Hollong" municipality="Jaldapara National Park" name="Jalpaiguri district" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" stateProvince="West Bengal">Jalpaiguri district</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6377FF87D68B0EE4FBDED2BC" box="[924,1059,1718,1744]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="2" pageNumber="223">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(26°63’324”N, 89°30’635”E) collected on
|
||
<date id="FFB917BC6377FF87D6700E8BFC15D298" box="[871,1000,1753,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-19">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546377FF87D6700E8BFC15D298" box="[871,1000,1753,1780]" pageId="2" pageNumber="223" value="2015-08-19">19.viii.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
. The measurements of the toads collected are given below in millimeters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5BE08B2FA30D649" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<table id="F907C3DC6376007AD5BE088DFA2FD649" box="[169,1490,223,549]" gridcols="10" gridrows="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE088DFA2FD575" box="[169,1490,223,281]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE088DFF0AD575" box="[169,247,223,281]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Reg No</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD427088DFE5DD575" box="[304,416,223,281]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Snout-vent length</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD4D3088DFDF9D575" box="[452,516,223,281]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Head length</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD73E088DFD99D575" box="[553,612,223,281]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Head width</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD799088DFD33D575" box="[654,718,223,281]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Snout length</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD7EF088DFC90D575" box="[760,877,223,281]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Inter-narial length</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD68C088DFBE2D575" box="[923,1055,223,281]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD147088DFB31D575" box="[1104,1228,223,281]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Inter-orbital length</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD1ED088DFA8DD575" box="[1274,1392,223,281]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Tympanum diameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD085088DFA2FD575" box="[1426,1490,223,281]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Tibial length</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE0970FA2FD557" box="[169,1490,290,315]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE0970FF0AD557" box="[169,247,290,315]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A11936</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270970FE5DD557" box="[304,416,290,315]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">76.11</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D30970FDF9D557" box="[452,516,290,315]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">21.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E0970FD99D557" box="[553,612,290,315]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">30.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7990970FD33D557" box="[654,718,290,315]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.72</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF0970FC90D557" box="[760,877,290,315]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C0970FBE2D557" box="[923,1055,290,315]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1470970FB31D557" box="[1104,1228,290,315]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED0970FA8DD557" box="[1274,1392,290,315]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD0850970FA2FD557" box="[1426,1490,290,315]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">30.41</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE0916FA2FD530" box="[169,1490,324,348]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE0916FF0AD530" box="[169,247,324,348]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A11942</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270916FE5DD530" box="[304,416,324,348]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">82.76</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D30916FDF9D530" box="[452,516,324,348]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">23.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E0916FD99D530" box="[553,612,324,348]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">31.66</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7990916FD33D530" box="[654,718,324,348]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">10.82</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF0916FC90D530" box="[760,877,324,348]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.27</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C0916FBE2D530" box="[923,1055,324,348]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">8.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1470916FB31D530" box="[1104,1228,324,348]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">10.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED0916FA8DD530" box="[1274,1392,324,348]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD0850916FA2FD530" box="[1426,1490,324,348]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">30.76</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE0937FA2FD512" box="[169,1490,357,382]" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE0937FF0AD512" box="[169,247,357,382]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A11955</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270937FE5DD512" box="[304,416,357,382]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">55.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D30937FDF9D512" box="[452,516,357,382]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">17.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E0937FD99D512" box="[553,612,357,382]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">22.78</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7990937FD33D512" box="[654,718,357,382]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">8.02</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF0937FC90D512" box="[760,877,357,382]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">3.88</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C0937FBE2D512" box="[923,1055,357,382]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.53</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1470937FB31D512" box="[1104,1228,357,382]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.95</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED0937FA8DD512" box="[1274,1392,357,382]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.42</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD0850937FA2FD512" box="[1426,1490,357,382]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">21.39</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE09D5FA2FD5F3" box="[169,1490,391,415]" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE09D5FF0AD5F3" box="[169,247,391,415]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A11956</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD42709D5FE5DD5F3" box="[304,416,391,415]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">67.58</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D309D5FDF9D5F3" box="[452,516,391,415]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">21.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E09D5FD99D5F3" box="[553,612,391,415]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">28.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD79909D5FD33D5F3" box="[654,718,391,415]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF09D5FC90D5F3" box="[760,877,391,415]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.15</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C09D5FBE2D5F3" box="[923,1055,391,415]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">8.28</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD14709D5FB31D5F3" box="[1104,1228,391,415]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.38</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED09D5FA8DD5F3" box="[1274,1392,391,415]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.21</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD08509D5FA2FD5F3" box="[1426,1490,391,415]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">28.14</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE09FAFA2FD5AD" box="[169,1490,424,449]" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE09FAFF0AD5AD" box="[169,247,424,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A12430</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD42709FAFE5DD5AD" box="[304,416,424,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">65.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D309FAFDF9D5AD" box="[452,516,424,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">13.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E09FAFD99D5AD" box="[553,612,424,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">23.16</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD79909FAFD33D5AD" box="[654,718,424,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">8.53</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF09FAFC90D5AD" box="[760,877,424,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.23</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C09FAFBE2D5AD" box="[923,1055,424,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.48</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD14709FAFB31D5AD" box="[1104,1228,424,449]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.62</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED09FAFA8DD5AD" box="[1274,1392,424,449]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">3.70</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD08509FAFA2FD5AD" box="[1426,1490,424,449]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">23.46</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE0998FA2FD58E" box="[169,1490,458,482]" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE0998FF0AD58E" box="[169,247,458,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A12431</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270998FE5DD58E" box="[304,416,458,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">48.34</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D30998FDF9D58E" box="[452,516,458,482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.56</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E0998FD99D58E" box="[553,612,458,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">17.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7990998FD33D58E" box="[654,718,458,482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF0998FC90D58E" box="[760,877,458,482]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C0998FBE2D58E" box="[923,1055,458,482]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1470998FB31D58E" box="[1104,1228,458,482]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.35</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED0998FA8DD58E" box="[1274,1392,458,482]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">2.10</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD0850998FA2FD58E" box="[1426,1490,458,482]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">17.87</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE09B9FA2FD668" box="[169,1490,491,516]" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE09B9FF0AD668" box="[169,247,491,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A12432</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD42709B9FE5DD668" box="[304,416,491,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">52.74</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D309B9FDF9D668" box="[452,516,491,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">10.65</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E09B9FD99D668" box="[553,612,491,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">18.56</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD79909B9FD33D668" box="[654,718,491,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">7.28</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF09B9FC90D668" box="[760,877,491,516]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C09B9FBE2D668" box="[923,1055,491,516]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.97</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD14709B9FB31D668" box="[1104,1228,491,516]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED09B9FA8DD668" box="[1274,1392,491,516]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">2.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD08509B9FA2FD668" box="[1426,1490,491,516]" gridcol="9" gridrow="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">18.74</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BE0A5FFA2FD649" box="[169,1490,525,549]" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BE0A5FFF0AD649" box="[169,247,525,549]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A12433</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270A5FFE5DD649" box="[304,416,525,549]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">76.47</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4D30A5FFDF9D649" box="[452,516,525,549]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">14.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD73E0A5FFD99D649" box="[553,612,525,549]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">24.43</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7990A5FFD33D649" box="[654,718,525,549]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7EF0A5FFC90D649" box="[760,877,525,549]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">7.56</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD68C0A5FFBE2D649" box="[923,1055,525,549]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.12</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1470A5FFB31D649" box="[1104,1228,525,549]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">7.54</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1ED0A5FFA8DD649" box="[1274,1392,525,549]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.87</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD0850A5FFA2FD649" box="[1426,1490,525,549]" gridcol="9" gridrow="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">25.94</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70A05FA27D6F8" blockId="3.[157,1500,598,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D5B70A05FF36D61D" box="[160,203,599,625]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Size</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9C996376FF86D5CF0A04FEA4D61D" box="[216,345,598,625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="80.0" valueMax="115.0" valueMin="45.0">45-115 mm</quantity>
|
||
(snout-vent length). season near water-bodies. The species is a prolific breeder laying a few thousand eggs in long translucent strings
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70AC7FAD7D036" blockId="3.[157,1500,598,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D5B70AC7FE6DD6C3" box="[160,400,661,687]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Distinguishing features:</emphasis>
|
||
Medium to large sized toads readily which is entwined round the stems of aquatic plants. The identified by the rough skin and black-tipped horny warts on tadpoles are black and are gregarious. Juveniles wander the upper (dorsal) side. The lower (ventral) side is coarsely on land during mornings and afternoons, if the airgranular except the throat and the chin. Head is broader than temperature is sufficiently low. long and with cornified (bony) ridges. Snout is rounded. Nostril is nearer to the tip of the snout than the eye.Tympanum Reported earlier from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6376FF86D1740B18FB0CD70F" box="[1123,1265,841,868]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Sarkar, Biswas and is distinct, circular or oval and nearly two-third the diameter of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964C8D6376FF86D6490B3CFC36D7EB" author="Ray, P." box="[862,971,877,904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" pagination="260 - 265" refId="ref14301" refString="Ray, P. 1992. Description of a new Rhacophorid, Chirixalus dudhwaensis (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Dudhwa National Park, district Lakhimpur-Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, India. Indian. J. Forestry., 15 (3): 260 - 265." type="journal article" year="1992">Ray, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Deuti (1995). the eye.Parotoid glands are elliptical and bean-shaped.Fingers are without webbing. Toes are almost two-third webbed with
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490BFBFC8ED7AF" bold="true" box="[862,883,937,963]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6376FF86D6980BFBFAA1D7AF" authority="(Lutken, 1862)" baseAuthorityName="Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[911,1372,937,964]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stomaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6980BFBFB4FD7AF" bold="true" box="[911,1202,937,964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Duttaphrynus stomaticus</emphasis>
|
||
(Lutken, 1862)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
two segments of the fourth toe free. Both the inner and outer 1862.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6376FF86D6B70BB0FA21D790" authority="Lutken, Vidensk. Meddr. Dansk." box="[928,1500,994,1020]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stomaticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6B70BB0FBABD790" box="[928,1110,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Bufo stomaticus</emphasis>
|
||
Lutken,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D1D10BB0FA21D790" box="[1222,1500,994,1020]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Vidensk. Meddr. Dansk.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
metatarsal tubercles on the sole of the feet are equal in size.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6B70C54FBA9D04C" box="[928,1108,1030,1056]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Naturhist. Foren</emphasis>
|
||
., Ser 2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D1BC0C54FB44D04C" bold="true" box="[1195,1209,1030,1056]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4</emphasis>
|
||
: 305. The males have a single external vocal sac.
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490C12FBF6D036" box="[862,1035,1088,1114]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Common Name</emphasis>
|
||
: Marbled Toad (English).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70C32FA61D093" blockId="3.[157,1500,598,1290]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D5B70C32FF0FD016" box="[160,242,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B6F3B216376FF86D4140C32FA65D093" collectingDate="2015-08-15" county="Dorsal" latitude="26.639723" location="Kodalbasti" municipality="Specimens" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West Bengal">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62D949F06376FF86D4140C32FEB3D016" box="[259,334,1120,1146]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Dorsal</collectingCounty>
|
||
side brownish-grey or blackish with yellowish or reddish markings and often with a double
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490C2BFBB5D0FF" box="[862,1096,1145,1171]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BDCAB066376FF86D6490C2BFC32D0FF" box="[862,975,1145,1171]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Specimens</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
examined
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: 1 ex: A 12465 from
|
||
<location id="8ED867A76376FF86D0740C2BFA26D0FF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76376FF86D0740C2BFA26D0FF" box="[1379,1499,1145,1171]" county="Dorsal" latitude="26.639723" municipality="Specimens" name="Kodalbasti" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" stateProvince="West Bengal">Kodalbasti</location>
|
||
series of warts down the middle.
|
||
<location id="8ED867A76376FF86D7010CFAFDBDD0AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76376FF86D7010CFAFDBDD0AE" box="[534,576,1192,1218]" county="Dorsal" latitude="26.639723" municipality="Specimens" name="The" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" stateProvince="West Bengal">The</location>
|
||
horny warts on the forest,
|
||
<location id="8ED867A76376FF86D6A40CCFFB7FD0DB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AE806A6377FF81D6540C5BFE3BD619:8ED867A76376FF86D6A40CCFFB7FD0DB" box="[947,1154,1181,1207]" county="Dorsal" latitude="26.639723" municipality="Specimens" name="Jalpaiguri district" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" stateProvince="West Bengal">Jalpaiguri district</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6376FF86D1800CCCFAD1D0DB" box="[1175,1324,1181,1208]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE3357BB6376FF86D0520CCFFA2AD0DB" box="[1349,1495,1181,1207]" degrees="26" direction="north" minutes="38" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" precision="15" seconds="023" value="26.639723">26°38’023”N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, dorsum are black-tipped. Cornified (bony) ridges on 89°21’927”E) collected on
|
||
<date id="FFB917BC6376FF86D1680C93FAFFD0B0" box="[1151,1282,1217,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" value="2015-08-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EFFDEE546376FF86D1680C93FAFFD0B0" box="[1151,1282,1217,1244]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" value="2015-08-15">15.viii.2015</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
. The measurements head also black. Ventral side is yellowish. The vocal sac in of the toad collected are given below in millimeters
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5BF0D73FA35D110" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<table id="F907C3DC6376007AD5BF0D73FA30D110" box="[168,1485,1313,1404]" gridcols="10" gridrows="3" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BF0D73FA30D155" box="[168,1485,1313,1337]" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BF0D73FF0BD155" box="[168,246,1313,1337]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Reg No</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD4270D73FE5DD155" box="[304,416,1313,1337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Snout-vent</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD4DA0D73FDF0D155" box="[461,525,1313,1337]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Head</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD7280D73FD87D155" box="[575,634,1313,1337]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Head</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD7BD0D73FD17D155" box="[682,746,1313,1337]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Snout</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD6030D73FC74D155" box="[788,905,1313,1337]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Inter-narial</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD6A50D73FBCBD155" box="[946,1078,1313,1337]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD14C0D73FB2AD155" box="[1115,1239,1313,1337]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Inter-orbital</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD1EF0D73FA93D155" box="[1272,1390,1313,1337]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Tympanum</th>
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD09A0D73FA30D155" box="[1421,1485,1313,1337]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Tibial</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BF0D10FA30D136" box="[168,1485,1346,1370]" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-6="1">
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270D10FE5DD136" box="[304,416,1346,1370]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4DA0D10FDF0D136" box="[461,525,1346,1370]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7280D10FD87D136" box="[575,634,1346,1370]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">width</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7BD0D10FD17D136" box="[682,746,1346,1370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD6030D10FC74D136" box="[788,905,1346,1370]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD14C0D10FB2AD136" box="[1115,1239,1346,1370]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1EF0D10FA93D136" box="[1272,1390,1346,1370]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">diameter</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD09A0D10FA30D136" box="[1421,1485,1346,1370]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">length</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="3537333E6376007AD5BF0D31FA30D110" box="[168,1485,1379,1404]" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<th id="76E65A426376007AD5BF0D31FF0BD110" box="[168,246,1379,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">A12465</th>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4270D31FE5DD110" box="[304,416,1379,1404]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">51.64</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD4DA0D31FDF0D110" box="[461,525,1379,1404]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">9.25</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7280D31FD87D110" box="[575,634,1379,1404]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">17.76</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD7BD0D31FD17D110" box="[682,746,1379,1404]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">6.24</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD6030D31FC74D110" box="[788,905,1379,1404]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.32</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD6A50D31FBCBD110" box="[946,1078,1379,1404]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">4.97</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD14C0D31FB2AD110" box="[1115,1239,1379,1404]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">5.63</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD1EF0D31FA93D110" box="[1272,1390,1379,1404]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">2.57</td>
|
||
<td id="76E65A426376007AD09A0D31FA30D110" box="[1421,1485,1379,1404]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">17.84</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70DF6FD29D1D2" blockId="3.[160,724,1444,1470]" box="[160,724,1444,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">males are bluish-black during the breeding season.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70D8AFD0DD282" blockId="3.[159,798,1496,1774]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D5B70D8AFF09D19E" box="[160,244,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: Found in all the duars area of the northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6376FF86D7F10D8AFF10D27A" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
over leaf-litter on the forest floor, below logs, stones, rocks, debris in secondary forests, plantations, villages, gardens in towns etc beside near rain-water pools and also on the banks of ponds and ditches. They hide in moist holes and huddle together in crevices of tree-trunks. Except during the breeding season they spend the day in any convenient cranny which is cool and dark.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D5B70F42FCE0D3FA" blockId="3.[160,798,1808,1942]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D5B70F42FEFDD346" box="[160,256,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: Very common throughout the duars area of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6376FF86D4050F66FE58D322" box="[274,421,1844,1870]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Terrestrial and nocturnal, they have limited powers of hopping and usually walk. They are usually solitary but congregate during the breeding
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D6490DF6FB0DD1D1" blockId="3.[862,1264,1443,1470]" box="[862,1264,1443,1470]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490DF6FC74D1D2" box="[862,905,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Size</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="4CFF9C996376FF86D6810DF1FBF7D1D2" box="[918,1034,1443,1470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="8.6" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="64.0" valueMax="86.0" valueMin="42.0">42-86 mm</quantity>
|
||
(snout-vent length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D6490D8EFA31D37A" blockId="3.[861,1500,1500,1815]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490D8EFB90D19B" box="[862,1133,1500,1527]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Distinguishing features:</emphasis>
|
||
Medium-sized toads readily identified by the overall texture of the skin. The skin lacks the horny warts typical of the Common
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6376FF86D0550E76FA71D252" box="[1346,1420,1572,1598]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="238" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian</taxonomicName>
|
||
toads. There are several irregular flat warts on the upper side. The lower side is coarsely granular except the throat and the chin. Head is broader than long and without any bony ridges. Snout is rounded. Ear-drum is distinct, circular or oval and nearly half the diameter of the eye. Parotoid glands are elongated and elliptical but not bean-shaped.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6376FF86D6490F64FB9AD3F4" blockId="3.[860,1499,1846,1944]" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6376FF86D6490F64FC4DD33C" box="[862,944,1846,1872]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="224">Colour:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal side brownish or olive-yellow or olive-grey with or without darker markings. Ventral side including the upper lip is whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6371FF81D5920885FE02D57A" blockId="4.[133,770,215,278]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6371FF81D5920885FF1DD49D" box="[133,224,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Seen near water bodies especially during the breeding season (June to August).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BB8317C6371FF81D5920968FE3BD619" blockId="4.[131,773,314,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">
|
||
<emphasis id="B973ED6E6371FF81D5920968FF11D538" box="[133,236,314,340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
The species is rare in most of the duars area of northern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6371FF81D5E5090DFE82D514" box="[242,383,350,377]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
. They are terrestrial and nocturnal. However during the breeding season they can be seen moving around during the day near water bodies.Breeding occurs between June and August and the call of the male is distinctive and can be easily distinguished from that of the Common
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6371FF81D4080A40FE5AD640" authority="Toad" authorityName="Toad" box="[287,423,530,556]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian Toad</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C074AFF6371FF81D4A40A40FD05D640" baseAuthorityName="Schneider" baseAuthorityYear="1799" box="[435,760,530,556]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Duttaphrynus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="225" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanostictus">Duttaphrynus melanostictus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Reported earlier from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49C3FF9E6371FF81D49E0A65FDEAD63C" box="[393,535,566,593]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="4" pageNumber="225">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF964C8D6371FF81D73E0A64FF0ED618" author="Sarkar, A. K. & Biswas, M. L. & Ray, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="225" pagination="67 - 100" refId="ref14349" refString="Sarkar, A. K., Biswas, M. L. and Ray, S. 1992. Amphibia: In State Fauna of West Bengal. Zool. Surv. India., State Fauna Series., 3 (2): 67 - 100." type="journal article" year="1992">Sarkar, Biswas and Ray, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Deuti (1995).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |