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<document id="63BD34D4F58AAA57B73BA1A23870290E" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Antho (Acarnia) penneyi De Laubenfels 1936" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="146" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="144" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="A8356DBBDD94CD0722684398A460303B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="06C796623762127BD4159B3224210441">
<mods:title id="D44695774C819C0EE56B9B53A242E08E">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3E85796D4AC3C376ED65711D9B933148" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6A1558AC8127B44F10AC1BE0AD40933D">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8A969734FE2F0C4E1AE4A5C61DAB85B2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:date id="E855F182B8FFFB6DD76DF2D3225EBDA0">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7E2B71AC9091B5FBDDA1D724BC976414" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="0FD38ECE8CDB2C5DE3E12A4C30345B7B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F0445FE7EE1960EA364F8BC693A78654" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19AAD8A054BD4E861313E672BD0B0052" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AB5A982F56B00138594BD763A35F89B" type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BD2CDC6A7D2D0710744A878F856432E3" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698704" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698704" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77D8FF23FF14A09F914DFBB5" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A09F92A1FB94" blockId="143.[151,732,1012,1071]" box="[151,732,1012,1038]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<heading id="D0F6066A77D8FF23FF14A09F92A1FB94" bold="true" box="[151,732,1012,1038]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FF14A09F92A1FB94" ID-CoL="5VCM4" authority="De Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,732,1012,1038]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A09F92A1FB94" bold="true" box="[151,732,1012,1038]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A09F91B9FB94" bold="true" box="[151,452,1012,1038]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Antho (Acarnia) penneyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777D8FF23FE50A09F92A9FB94" author="De" box="[467,724,1012,1038]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A77D914DFBB5" blockId="143.[151,732,1012,1071]" box="[151,304,1046,1071]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FF14A77D9173FBB5" box="[151,270,1046,1071]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figures 90</figureCitation>
a–j
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77D8FF23FF14A73592DBFB4A" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A73592FEFBEE" blockId="143.[151,685,1118,1232]" box="[151,643,1118,1141]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877D8FF23FF14A73592FEFBEE" box="[151,643,1118,1141]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FF14A7359202FBEE" ID-CoL="6LXJP" authority="De Laubenfels, 1936: 76" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,639,1118,1141]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Holoplocamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A7359100FBEF" box="[151,381,1118,1141]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Holoplocamia penneyi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777D8FF23FE00A7349202FBEE" author="De" box="[387,639,1118,1140]" page="76" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777D8FF23FE00A7349224FBEE" author="De" box="[387,601,1118,1140]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1936) A discussion of the sponge fauna of the Dry Tortugas, in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication, 467 (Tortugas Laboratory Paper, 30, 1 - 225." type="journal article" year="1936">De Laubenfels, 1936</bibRefCitation>
: 76
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A7169210FB28" blockId="143.[151,685,1118,1232]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877D8FF23FF14A7169210FB28" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FF14A7169226FB09" ID-CoL="3M9JT" authority="Little, 1963: 45" authorityName="Little" authorityPageNumber="45" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,603,1149,1171]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Holoplocamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delaubenfelsi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A71691C8FB09" box="[151,437,1149,1171]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Holoplocamia delaubenfelsi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777D8FF23FE38A7169226FB09" author="Little" box="[443,603,1149,1171]" page="45" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" year="1963">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777D8FF23FE38A7169248FB09" author="Little" box="[443,565,1149,1171]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" refString="Little, F. J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11 (2), 31 - 71." type="journal article" year="1963">Little, 1963</bibRefCitation>
: 45
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, fig. 18.
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FF14A7F791DDFB28" ID-CoL="5VCM4" box="[151,416,1180,1202]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi" subGenus="Plocamia">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A7F791DDFB28" box="[151,416,1180,1202]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Antho (Plocamia) penneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777D8FF23FE2EA7F69214FB28" author="Hooper" box="[429,617,1180,1202]" page="431" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777D8FF23FE2EA7F6924BFB28" author="Hooper" box="[429,566,1180,1202]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 431
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A7D192DBFB4A" blockId="143.[151,685,1118,1232]" box="[151,678,1210,1232]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877D8FF23FF14A7D192DBFB4A" box="[151,678,1210,1232]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FF14A7D191A4FB4A" ID-CoL="5VCLQ" box="[151,473,1210,1232]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delaubenfelsi" subGenus="Plocamia">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A7D191A4FB4A" box="[151,473,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Antho (Plocamia) delaubenfelsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777D8FF23FE65A7D092DCFB4A" author="Hooper" box="[486,673,1210,1232]" page="430" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" year="1996">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777D8FF23FE65A7D09213FB4A" author="Hooper" box="[486,622,1210,1232]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" refString="Hooper, J. N. A. (1996) Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 40, 1 - 626." type="journal article" year="1996">Hooper 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 430
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77D8FF23FF14A79694B4FAC4" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF14A79694B4FAC4" blockId="143.[151,1437,1277,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77D8FF23FF14A79693FFFAA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726500" collectingDate="1969-04-24" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Luymes O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="81" latitude="7.21" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="555" longitude="-54.8617" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF14A79691FEFA8C" bold="true" box="[151,387,1277,1302]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377D8FF23FE0EA795919CFA8F" box="[397,481,1278,1301]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9929,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677D8FF23FDEFA79692A7FA8C" box="[620,730,1277,1302]" name="Suriname" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077D8FF23FD6FA79593C9FA8C" box="[748,948,1278,1302]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Luymes O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
II’
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677D8FF23FC58A795944FFA8C" box="[987,1074,1278,1302]" name="Guyana" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station I115,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177D8FF23FF14A649909AFAA0" box="[151,231,1314,1338]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="555" value="7.21">7.21°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177D8FF23FF73A64A910DFAA0" box="[240,368,1313,1338]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="5" value="-54.8617">54.8617°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FE47A649927CFAA3" box="[452,513,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="81.0">
<elevation id="002C563577D8FF23FE47A649927CFAA3" box="[452,513,1314,1338]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.1" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="81.0">81 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, triangular dredge,
<date id="FFBF97C677D8FF23FD5CA64993FFFAA0" box="[735,898,1313,1338]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" value="1969-04-24">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77D8FF23FD5CA64993FFFAA0" box="[735,898,1313,1338]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" value="1969-04-24">24 April 1969</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77D8FF23FC13A64994BBFAC4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726520" collectingDate="1970-08-31" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="71" latitude="7.5833" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0667" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377D8FF23FC13A6499399FAA3" box="[912,996,1314,1337]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9939,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677D8FF23FBEAA64994BEFAA0" box="[1129,1219,1314,1338]" name="Guyana" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677D8FF23FAC6A64995E1FAA0" box="[1349,1436,1314,1338]" name="Guyana" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 63,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177D8FF23FE5DA62E9237FAC4" box="[478,586,1349,1374]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="5" value="7.5833">7.5833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177D8FF23FDD2A62E92AFFAC4" box="[593,722,1349,1374]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" precision="5" value="-57.0667">57.0667°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FCA1A62D9320FAC7" box="[802,861,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="71.0">
<elevation id="002C563577D8FF23FCA1A62D9320FAC7" box="[802,861,1350,1374]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="m" value="71.0">71 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, sandy bottom,
<date id="FFBF97C677D8FF23FB8CA62D94BBFAC4" box="[1039,1222,1350,1374]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" value="1970-08-31">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77D8FF23FB8CA62D94BBFAC4" box="[1039,1222,1350,1374]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" value="1970-08-31">31 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77D8FF3DFF44A60294E0FE12" lastPageId="145" lastPageNumber="146" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF44A602937FF9C0" blockId="143.[151,1437,1277,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF44A6029124FA18" bold="true" box="[199,345,1385,1410]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Description.</emphasis>
Two specimens, one is largely encrusting a dead octocoral (
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577D8FF23FBC1A601949AFA1B" box="[1090,1255,1386,1409]" class="Anthozoa" family="Clavulariidae" genus="Carijoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="riisea">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FBC1A601949AFA1B" box="[1090,1255,1386,1409]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Carijoa riisea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), obscuring its presence to the extent that it looks like an arborescent sponge (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FCF6A6E693B6FA3C" box="[885,971,1421,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
a). A cross section of a branch reveals a central octocorallian core and peripheral layer consisting of the encrusting sponge skeleton. Height of specimen
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FAFAA6DA90C1FA77" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="cm" value="4.5">4.5 cm</quantity>
, diameter of branches
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FE3EA6BE9260FA77" box="[445,541,1493,1518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
, thickness of sponge crust
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FCCCA6BD93CDFA77" box="[847,944,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
. The second specimen is thickly encrusting (
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FF1CA6919080F98B" box="[159,253,1530,1554]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
thickness) a dead gastropod shell upon which isolated small digitations and arboresecent clumps of about
<quantity id="4CF91CE377D8FF23FF14A57590B2F9AF" box="[151,207,1566,1590]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="143" pageNumber="144" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
high are formed, demonstrating that it can be incipient arborescent. In both specimens the surface is hispid. Color in alcohol red-brown. Consistency compressible.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF44A50E94B8F894" blockId="143.[151,1437,1277,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF44A50E9148F9E4" bold="true" box="[199,309,1637,1662]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FEC7A50E91EBF9E4" box="[324,406,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
b) A rectangular reticulation, with ascending spongin fibers of 40–60 µm diameter cored by single styles, connected at right angles by spongin fibers cored by single acanthostrongyles. Meshes of the skeleton approximately 200 µm in size. Smaller styles echinate the nodes of the skeleton. Subectosomal skeleton consisting of protruding long styles at their base surrounded by small styles. Scattered subtylostyles and microscleres are found at the surface. Microscleres are also crowded in the meshes of the choanosomal skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF44A4729434F8A8" blockId="143.[151,1437,1277,1986]" box="[199,1097,1817,1842]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF44A472914DF8A8" bold="true" box="[199,304,1817,1842]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FEBCA47291E9F8A8" box="[319,404,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figs 90</figureCitation>
c–j) Styles, acanthostrongyles, subtylostyles, toxas, isochelae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677D8FF23FF44A4569490F858" blockId="143.[151,1437,1277,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FE99A456910DF8CC" box="[282,368,1853,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figs 90</figureCitation>
c–e) with smooth curved shaft and with narrowed heads, smooth or microspined, in a wide size range, divisible functionally into three categories, (1) long, protruding styles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FC78A40A9428F8E0" box="[1019,1109,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figs 90</figureCitation>
c,c1) of the ectosomal region, 309–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF4CA4ED9084F804" box="[207,249,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">325</emphasis>
–438
<date id="FFBF97C677D8FF23FEBAA4ED9127F804" box="[313,346,1926,1950]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">x 8</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FEE9A4ED91E6F804" box="[362,411,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">13.7</emphasis>
–16 µm, (2) middle-sized (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FD49A4EE9359F804" box="[714,804,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figs 90</figureCitation>
d,d1) coring the ascending spongin fibers, 108–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FAB9A4ED9519F804" box="[1338,1380,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">172</emphasis>
–255
<date id="FFBF97C677D8FF23FF14A4C190C4F858" box="[151,185,1961,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">x 6</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FF4BA4C19084F858" box="[200,249,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">10.9</emphasis>
–17 µm, and (3) small (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377D8FF23FD83A4C29227F858" box="[512,602,1961,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">Figs 90</figureCitation>
e,e1), echinating the nodes, 138–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FC45A4C2938DF858" box="[966,1008,1961,1986]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">169</emphasis>
–219
<date id="FFBF97C677D8FF23FBACA4C1942CF858" box="[1071,1105,1962,1986]" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">x 9</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477D8FF23FBE3A4C194F0F858" box="[1120,1165,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="143" pageNumber="144">11.8</emphasis>
–14 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7EE18E77C7FF3CFF14A4769498F815" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" targetPageId="144">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C7FF3CFF14A4769498F815" blockId="144.[151,1436,1821,1935]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C7FF3CFF14A476915FF8A8" bold="true" box="[151,290,1821,1843]" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">FIGURE 90.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C7FF3CFEAFA476935FF8A9" authority="De Laubenfels, 1936" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1936" box="[300,802,1821,1843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="144" pageNumber="145" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C7FF3CFEAFA4769251F8A9" box="[300,556,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="144" pageNumber="145">Antho (Acarnia) penneyi</emphasis>
(De Laubenfels, 1936)
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c–j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A3FC94DAFF62" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Subtylostyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFEEDA3FC91BBFF2A" box="[366,454,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Figs 90</figureCitation>
f–g), straight, with faintly swollen heads, which are usually microspined, occasionally smooth, in a wide size range, divisible into two more or less overlapping size categories, (1) larger (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFA8DA3D79515FF4F" box="[1294,1384,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Figs 90</figureCitation>
f,f1), 261–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFF4CA38B9084FF62" box="[207,249,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">301</emphasis>
–346
<date id="FFBF97C677C6FF3DFEBBA38B9127FF62" box="[312,346,224,248]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">x 2</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFEEAA38B91F1FF62" box="[361,396,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">3.1</emphasis>
–4.5 µm, and (2) smaller (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFD33A3B49377FF62" box="[688,778,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Figs
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C6FF3DFD6AA38B9377FF62" box="[745,778,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="g" value="90.0">90</quantity>
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g,g1), 175–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFC06A3B493D2FF62" box="[901,943,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">216</emphasis>
–246
<date id="FFBF97C677C6FF3DFC6DA38B946DFF62" box="[1006,1040,224,248]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">x 2</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFB9CA38B943FFF62" box="[1055,1090,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">2.1</emphasis>
–2.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A26F955DFEDA" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Acanthostrongyles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFE24A26F9184FE87" box="[423,505,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
h), usually with asymmetrical ending, a good portion acanthostylote, with relatively smooth shaft and spined heads and apices, coring the connecting fibers, 156–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFC74A243945CFEDA" box="[1015,1057,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">199</emphasis>
–228
<date id="FFBF97C677C6FF3DFBE3A24394FCFEDA" box="[1120,1153,296,320]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">x 8</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFB12A24C94BFFEDA" box="[1169,1218,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">10.6</emphasis>
–13 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A2269426FEFF" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" box="[199,1115,332,357]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Toxas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFE9AA2279111FEFF" box="[281,364,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Fig.
<date id="FFBF97C677C6FF3DFECEA2279111FEFF" box="[333,364,332,357]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" value="1990-01">90</date>
</figureCitation>
i), with a shallow curve, with smooth, sharp apices 27–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFC51A2279393FEFE" box="[978,1006,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">80</emphasis>
–141 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A20494E0FE12" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" box="[199,1181,367,392]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
Palmate isochelae (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377C6FF3DFE1CA204918EFE12" box="[415,499,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 90" captionStartId="144.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetId="figure@144.[151,1436,193,1799]" captionTargetPageId="144" captionText="FIGURE 90. Antho (Acarnia) penneyi (De Laubenfels, 1936), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9929 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, light microscopic image of a cross section of the skeleton, c – j, SEM images of spicules, c, large ectosomal style, c 1, details of c, d, middle sized choanosomal style, d 1, details of d, e, echinating small style, e 1, details of e, f, large ectosomal subtylostyle, f 1, details of f, g, small ectosomal style, g 1, details of g, h, acanthostrongyle, i, toxa, j, twisted palmate isochela." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273041/files/figure.png" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Fig. 90</figureCitation>
j), strongly twisted, often somewhat eroded, 10–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFB8DA21B9442FE12" box="[1038,1087,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">12.2</emphasis>
–13 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C6FF3DFF44A2FF95F5FE36" box="[199,1416,404,429]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A2FF95F5FE36" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" box="[199,1416,404,429]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFF44A2FF918FFE37" bold="true" box="[199,498,404,429]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C6FF3DFE7AA2FF922DFE36" box="[505,592,404,428]" name="Guyana" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf,
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C6FF3DFD23A2FF928CFE37" box="[672,753,404,429]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Florida</collectingRegion>
/Gulf of
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C6FF3DFCD1A2FF93D7FE37" box="[850,938,404,429]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C6FF3DFCD1A2FF93D7FE37" box="[850,938,404,429]" name="Mexico" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</collectingRegion>
,
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C6FF3DFC36A2FF9462FE36" box="[949,1055,404,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.175" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="0.25" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="41.75" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–81 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677C6FF3DFBF0A2FF94B1FE36" box="[1139,1228,404,428]" name="Guyana" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C6FF3DFA96A2FF9501FE36" box="[1301,1404,404,428]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" metricValueMax="8.1" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="76.0" valueMax="81.0" valueMin="71.0">71–81 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77C6FF3DFF44A2DC9088FCC6" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A2DC9237FD82" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77C6FF3DFF44A2DC9237FD82" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726517" collectorName="Remarks. De Laubenfels'" elevation="70" location="The" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Florida" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077C6FF3DFF44A2DC9187FE4A" box="[199,506,439,464]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFF44A2DC9146FE4A" bold="true" box="[199,315,439,464]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Remarks.</emphasis>
De Laubenfels’
</collectorName>
material originated from
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C6FF3DFCADA2D39311FE55" box="[814,876,440,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="70.0">
<elevation id="002C563577C6FF3DFCADA2D39311FE55" box="[814,876,440,464]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</elevation>
</quantity>
off the S coast of
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE477C6FF3DFBD4A2DC94D6FE4A" box="[1111,1195,439,464]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Florida</collectingRegion>
.
<location id="8EDEE7DD77C6FF3DFB38A2DC949AFE4A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077D8FF3DFF14A09F9088FCC6:8EDEE7DD77C6FF3DFB38A2DC949AFE4A" box="[1211,1255,439,464]" name="The" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" stateProvince="Florida">The</location>
overall spicule complement and the skeletal structure of the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C6FF3DFD09A2B79291FE6F" box="[650,748,476,501]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the present specimens appear similar, but with individual spicule sizes slightly lower in the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477C6FF3DFD91A16B923BFD82" box="[530,582,512,536]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">type</typeStatus>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677C6FF3DFF44A14F9088FCC6" blockId="145.[151,1437,151,860]" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">
The specimens could be compared with a slide made from the holotype of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C6FF3DFB90A14F90AFFDFA" authority="Little, 1963" authorityName="Little" authorityYear="1963" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Holoplocamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delaubenfelsi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFB90A14F952DFDA7" box="[1043,1360,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">Holoplocamia delaubenfelsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777C6FF3DFADBA14F90AFFDFA" author="Little" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" refString="Little, F. J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George's Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11 (2), 31 - 71." type="journal article" year="1963">Little, 1963</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, USNM 23596, from the Gulf coast of Florida, but from only
<quantity id="4CF91CE377C6FF3DFC0CA12C93B2FDC5" box="[911,975,583,608]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" unit="m" value="2.5">2.5 m</quantity>
depth. Similar to my specimens the type of that species completely overgrew a dead shell of an oyster appearing massive, but in fact was only encrusting. Little’s description and drawings of the spicules are closely similar to the present specimens, but also here the sizes of the spicules are slightly smaller. Little differentiated his
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C6FF3DFCAEA1DE9399FD57" box="[813,996,692,717]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Holoplocamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delaubenfelsi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFCAEA1DE9399FD57" box="[813,996,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">H. delaubenfelsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C6FF3DFBAAA1DE94DEFD56" box="[1065,1187,693,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFBAAA1DE94DEFD56" box="[1065,1187,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">H. penneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
largely on the alleged absence of a twist in the chelae, but other than that they are twisted on average only a quarter turn rather than a half turn as in the present specimens and in De Laubenfels’ material, there are no real differeces. There can be no doubt these spicules are closely comparable, so I here propose to assign
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C6FF3DFC1EA04A942AFCA2" box="[925,1111,799,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Holoplocamia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delaubenfelsi">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFC1EA04A942AFCA2" box="[925,1111,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">H. delaubenfelsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the synonymy of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577C6FF3DFACCA04B9093FCC6" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Antho" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="145" pageNumber="146" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="penneyi" subGenus="Acarnia">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477C6FF3DFACCA04B9093FCC6" italics="true" pageId="145" pageNumber="146">A. (A.) penneyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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