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<document id="3954E50DCB5B3167F5573CB7E6E0202C" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="157" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="156" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="41252777E05A74147EDD91731A4110CD">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698716" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419872" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698716" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A8001077CCFF31FF14A75791FEFF62" lastPageId="157" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CCFF37FF14A75791F5FBED" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF14A75793CFFBCC" blockId="155.[151,946,1084,1143]" box="[151,946,1084,1110]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<heading id="D0F6066A77CCFF37FF14A75793CFFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,946,1084,1110]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FF14A75793CFFBCC" ID-CoL="44RWY" authority="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1994" authorityName="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,946,1084,1110]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenaria" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A75793CFFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,946,1084,1110]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A75791ACFBCC" bold="true" box="[151,465,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Mycale (Mycale) arenaria</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FE5BA75793CFFBCC" author="Hajdu" box="[472,946,1084,1110]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1994) A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale) (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae), with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 101 (3), 563 - 600." type="journal article" year="1994">Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF14A73591F5FBED" blockId="155.[151,946,1084,1143]" box="[151,392,1118,1143]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FF14A7359173FBED" box="[151,270,1118,1143]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Figures 97</figureCitation>
a–d, 98a–g
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CCFF37FF14A7CD9217FA82" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF14A7CD946FFB26" blockId="155.[151,1436,1190,1304]" box="[151,1042,1190,1213]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877CCFF37FF14A7CD946FFB26" box="[151,1042,1190,1213]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FF14A7CD9160FB26" ID-CoL="8PFDD" box="[151,285,1190,1212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A7CD9160FB26" box="[151,285,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Mycale fusca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777CCFF37FEA9A7CD9244FB26" author="Sole-Cava" box="[298,569,1190,1213]" page="132" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FEA9A7CD9274FB26" author="Sole-Cava" box="[298,521,1190,1213]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Sole-Cava, A. M., Kelecom, A. &amp; Kannengiesser, G. J. (1981) Study of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the infralitoral of Guarapari, Espirito Santo, Brazil. Iheringia, Serie Zoologia, 60, 125 - 150." type="journal article" year="1981">
Solé-Cava
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FE19A7C391B0FB26" box="[410,461,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
1981
</bibRefCitation>
: 132
</treatmentCitation>
(Not:
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FDF8A7CD947AFB26" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[635,1031,1190,1212]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Esperella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fusca">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FDF8A7CD936AFB26" box="[635,791,1190,1212]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Esperella fusca</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FC9EA7CD947AFB26" author="Ridley" box="[797,1031,1190,1212]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (5) 18, 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="journal article" year="1886">Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF14A7AE9217FA82" blockId="155.[151,1436,1190,1304]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB11962877CCFF37FF14A7AE9217FA82" infered="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FF14A7AE92D8FB41" ID-CoL="6RQS3" authority="Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault, 1991: 506" authorityName="Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault" authorityPageNumber="506" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,677,1221,1243]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A7AE9144FB41" box="[151,313,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Mycale arenosa</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777CCFF37FEBDA7AE92D8FB41" author="Hajdu" box="[318,677,1221,1243]" page="506" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FEBDA7AE920EFB41" author="Hajdu" box="[318,627,1221,1243]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (1991) Marine Porifera of Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro - Brazil). The family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905, with the description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 51 (3), 503 - 513." type="journal article" year="1991">Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault, 1991</bibRefCitation>
: 506
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, figs 1–11 (Not:
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FCD3A7AE9545FB41" ID-CoL="6RQS3" authority="Hentschel, 1911" authorityName="Hentschel" authorityYear="1911" box="[848,1336,1221,1243]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="parasitica" variety="arenosa">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FCD3A7AE9475FB41" box="[848,1032,1221,1243]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Mycale parasitica</emphasis>
var.
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FBBAA7AD94F7FB41" box="[1081,1162,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">arenosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FB13A7AE9545FB41" author="Hentschel" box="[1168,1336,1221,1243]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Hentschel, E. (1911) Tetraxonida. 2. Teil. In: Michaelsen, W. &amp; Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Ergebnisse der Hamburger sudwest-australischen Forschungsreise 1905, 3 (10). Fischer, Jena, pp. 279 - 393." type="journal article" year="1911">Hentschel, 1911</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FF14A78F935AFB60" ID-CoL="44RWY" authority="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1994: 568" authorityName="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityPageNumber="568" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,807,1252,1274]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenaria">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A78F913AFB60" box="[151,327,1252,1274]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Mycale arenaria</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA0971777CCFF37FED7A78F935AFB60" author="Hajdu" box="[340,807,1252,1274]" page="568" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" year="1994">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CCFF37FED7A78F928DFB60" author="Hajdu" box="[340,752,1252,1274]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1994) A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale) (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae), with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 101 (3), 563 - 600." type="journal article" year="1994">Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 568
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(Not: Moraes 2011: 146, no sigmas, surface skeleton is characteristic for subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CCFF37FE5FA6699224FA82" box="[476,601,1282,1304]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Aegogropila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FE5FA6699224FA82" box="[476,601,1282,1304]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Aegogropila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CCFF37FF14A62E9334FA18" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF14A62E9334FA18" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77CCFF37FF14A62E9339FA18" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726490" collectingDate="1966-05-06" collectionCode="RMNH" collectorName="Snellius O. C. P. S." country="Suriname" elevation="59" latitude="7.0033" location="Suriname" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-56.4417" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF14A62E91F8FAC4" bold="true" box="[151,389,1349,1374]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Material examined.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C377CCFF37FE11A62D919BFAC7" box="[402,486,1350,1373]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9994,
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677CCFF37FDF5A62E9299FAC4" box="[630,740,1349,1374]" name="Suriname" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Suriname</collectingCountry>
, ‘
<collectorName id="26F4D4D077CCFF37FD7AA62E93B5FAC4" box="[761,968,1349,1374]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Snellius O.C.P.S.</collectorName>
’
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677CCFF37FC5AA62D944DFAC4" box="[985,1072,1350,1374]" name="Guyana" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station F40,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177CCFF37FF14A6019179FA18" box="[151,260,1386,1410]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" precision="5" value="7.0033">7.0033°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C177CCFF37FE89A60291F6FA18" box="[266,395,1385,1410]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" precision="5" value="-56.4417">56.4417°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CCFF37FE5FA602926BFA1B" box="[476,534,1385,1410]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="59.0">
<elevation id="002C563577CCFF37FE5FA602926BFA1B" box="[476,534,1385,1410]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="59.0">59 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom sand,
<date id="FFBF97C677CCFF37FD39A6029339FA18" box="[698,836,1385,1410]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" value="1966-05-06">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E77CCFF37FD39A6029339FA18" box="[698,836,1385,1410]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" value="1966-05-06">6 May 1966</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CCFF30FF44A6E6913FFA4A" lastPageId="156" lastPageNumber="157" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A6E694C4FA74" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF44A6E69124FA3C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1421,1446]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Description.</emphasis>
Irregularly massive sponge (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FD26A6E69284FA3C" box="[677,761,1421,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
a), encrusting and consolidating shell debris on soft bottom substratum. Size
<date id="FFBF97C677CCFF37FEDAA6D99100FA53" box="[345,381,1458,1482]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">4 x</date>
4.5
<date id="FFBF97C677CCFF37FE33A6D991A9FA50" box="[432,468,1458,1482]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
x
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CCFF37FE45A6D991A9FA50" box="[454,468,1458,1482]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="cm" value="2.0">2</quantity>
</date>
cm. Surface smooth but irregularly grooved and lobate. Several oscular openings are present, flush with the surface,
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CCFF37FE76A6BD922FFA77" box="[501,594,1494,1518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency soft, cavernous, but resilient.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A69293D3F970" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF44A6929148F988" bold="true" box="[199,309,1529,1554]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Skeleton.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FEC4A69291DDF988" box="[327,416,1529,1554]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Figs 97</figureCitation>
b–d) The surface skeleton is a tangential layer of single intercrossing megascleres (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FAECA69290CBF9AC" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
b). Rosettes of the largest anisochela category (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FD67A5769347F9AC" box="[740,826,1565,1590]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
b) are common, approximately 150 µm in diameter, consisting of 20+ spicules. The surface membrane in between the megascleres is charged with with scattered sigmas and anisochelae (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FE46A50E925DF9E4" box="[453,544,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
c), and very numerous trichodragmas and single raphides (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FB68A50E953AF9E4" box="[1259,1351,1637,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 97" captionStartId="156.[151,250,1197,1219]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetId="figure@156.[151,1436,193,1175]" captionTargetPageId="156" captionText="FIGURE 97. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus Mycale skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 97</figureCitation>
d). The choanosomal skeleton consists of strong, plumose bundles of megascleres, which fan out in the subectosomal region carrying the surface skeleton. Megasclere bundles at the base approximately
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CCFF37FBC2A5C594FFF95F" box="[1089,1154,1710,1734]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
in diameter, thinning out towards the surface where they comprise 3–7 spicules in cross section.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A59E93CFF894" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" box="[199,946,1781,1806]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FF44A59E914DF894" bold="true" box="[199,304,1781,1806]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FEBCA59E91EEF894" box="[319,403,1781,1806]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Figs 98</figureCitation>
a–g) Styles, anisochelae, sigmas, trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A472928CF8CC" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Styles (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FE9FA472910AF8A8" box="[284,375,1817,1842]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Figs 98</figureCitation>
a,a1), mycalostyles, fusiform, with faint constriction beneath the rounded heads, the opposite end sharply pointed, 468–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FE39A4569199F8CC" box="[442,484,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">620</emphasis>
–744
<date id="FFBF97C677CCFF37FDA0A455922EF8CC" box="[547,595,1854,1878]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156" value="2012-10">x 12</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FDE1A45592EEF8CC" box="[610,659,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">15.4</emphasis>
–20 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A40A93DBF8E0" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" box="[199,934,1889,1914]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Anisochelae I (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FEF2A40A91BEF8E0" box="[369,451,1889,1914]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
b), robust, with short alae, 50–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FC94A4099335F8E0" box="[791,840,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">55.9</emphasis>
–63 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CCFF37FF44A4EE92CCF858" blockId="155.[151,1437,1349,1986]" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">
Anisochelae III (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CCFF37FE01A4EE91A8F804" box="[386,469,1925,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
c), spurred, with upper alae long, in a large size range, possibly divisible in a larger and a smaller size category, overall 16–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CCFF37FDA2A4C1922FF858" box="[545,594,1962,1986]" italics="true" pageId="155" pageNumber="156">19.4</emphasis>
–24 µm.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7EE18E77CBFF30FF14A7C6946BFA9A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273048/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1175]" targetPageId="156">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF14A7C6946BFA9A" blockId="156.[151,1435,1197,1280]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF14A7C6915CFB58" bold="true" box="[151,289,1197,1219]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">FIGURE 97.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CBFF30FEA4A7C693BFFB59" authority="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, 1994" authorityName="Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez" authorityYear="1994" box="[295,962,1197,1219]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenaria" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FEA4A7C69249FB59" box="[295,564,1197,1219]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Mycale (Mycale) arenaria</emphasis>
Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9994 (scale bar = 1 cm), b–d, light microscopic images of the ectosomal skeleton, b, overview of showing subgenus
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CBFF30FBF5A7A794BCFB78" box="[1142,1217,1228,1250]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FBF5A7A794BCFB78" box="[1142,1217,1228,1250]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Mycale</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
skeleton and rosettes of anisochelae, c, two size categories of sigmas, d, two size categories of trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A64C93A0FAFE" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
Sigmas, thin, with slightly incurved apices, in two distinct size categories, (1) larger (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CBFF30FB07A64C94AAFADA" box="[1156,1239,1319,1344]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
d), very common, 32–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF42A627908FFAFE" box="[193,242,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">40.4</emphasis>
–53 µm, and (2) smaller (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CBFF30FD8CA620921FFAFE" box="[527,610,1355,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
e), less common, 12–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FCCDA6279302FAFE" box="[846,895,1356,1380]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">13.2</emphasis>
–15 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A604913FFA4A" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
Raphides in trichodragmas, extremely common, in two size categories, (1) larger (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CBFF30FB04A60494A6FA12" box="[1159,1243,1391,1416]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
f), 61–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FAABA61B9524FA12" box="[1320,1369,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">74.5</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C677CBFF30FAEBA61B90D2FA36" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" value="1993-10-11">93 x 11</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF43A6FF908CFA36" box="[192,241,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">12.4</emphasis>
–15 µm (individual raphides (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CBFF30FDC1A6F892E8FA36" box="[578,661,1427,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Fig. 98</figureCitation>
f1) less than 0.5 µm thick), and (2) smaller (
<figureCitation id="133AAD8377CBFF30FB09A6F894A0FA36" box="[1162,1245,1427,1452]" captionStart="FIGURE 98" captionStartId="157.[151,250,1736,1758]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@157.[151,1436,303,1714]" captionTargetPageId="157" captionText="FIGURE 98. Mycale (Mycale) arenaria Hajdu &amp; Desqueyroux-Faúndez, 1994, a – e, f 1, SEM images of the spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, f – g, light microscopic images of spicules of RMNH Por. 9994, a, style, a 1, details of a, b, large anisochela, c, small anisochela, d, large sigma, e, small sigma, f, large trichodragma, f 1, large raphide, g, small trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273049/files/figure.png" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
Fig.
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CBFF30FB3CA6FF94A0FA36" box="[1215,1245,1428,1452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="9.8" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" unit="g" value="98.0">98</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g), 17–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FAA8A6F89521FA36" box="[1323,1372,1427,1452]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">26.1</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C677CBFF30FAE8A6FF90D9FA4A" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" value="1933-10-09">33 x 9</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF30A6D39099FA4A" box="[179,228,1464,1488]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">10.8</emphasis>
–12 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CBFF30FF44A6B0944CFA69" box="[199,1073,1499,1524]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A6B0944CFA69" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" box="[199,1073,1499,1524]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF44A6B0918FFA6E" bold="true" box="[199,498,1499,1524]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677CBFF30FE7AA6B7922DFA6E" box="[505,592,1500,1524]" name="Guyana" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf, SE
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677CBFF30FD4BA6B09372FA6E" box="[712,783,1499,1524]" name="Brazil" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, soft substratum,
<quantity id="4CF91CE377CBFF30FC56A6B09451FA69" box="[981,1068,1499,1524]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" metricValueMax="5.9" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" unit="m" value="31.0" valueMax="59.0" valueMin="3.0">
3–
<specimenCount id="9D077A8F77CBFF30FC73A6B09451FA69" box="[1008,1068,1499,1524]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="generic">59 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D77CBFF31FF44A69491FEFF62" lastPageId="157" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A69494E2F8A2" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FF44A6949146F982" bold="true" box="[199,315,1535,1560]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Remarks.</emphasis>
The similarity to the Brazilian
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CBFF30FD3BA56B9295F982" box="[696,744,1536,1560]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
material extensively described by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CBFF30FB04A694909CF9A6" author="Hajdu" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. (1991) Marine Porifera of Cabo Frio (Rio de Janeiro - Brazil). The family Mycalidae Lundbeck, 1905, with the description of a new species. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 51 (3), 503 - 513." type="journal article" year="1991">Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault (1991)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CBFF30FE9FA54892A5F9A6" author="Hajdu" box="[284,728,1571,1596]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" refString="Hajdu, E. &amp; Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. (1994) A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale) (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae), with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 101 (3), 563 - 600." type="journal article" year="1994">Hajdu &amp; Desqueyrouz-Faúndez (1994)</bibRefCitation>
is convincing. However, there are a few differences: the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CBFF30FAEFA54F95E1F9A6" box="[1388,1436,1572,1596]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
apparently has two categories of megascleres, which I cannot confirm from the present specimen; nevertheless the overall sizes given for the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CBFF30FE42A507918CF91E" box="[449,497,1644,1668]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
are the same as for the present specimen. Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault do not report the occurrence of two size categories of sigmas, but since these were fairly rare and very thin, it is possible that either category was overlooked. The presence of a rare anisochela II category of 40 µm is reported for the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CBFF30FA81A5DF9548F956" box="[1282,1333,1716,1740]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
, while in the present specimen there is at most a possible additional size category of anisochelae III of about 23–24 µm, which seems different from most other anisochelae by having wider alae. Finally, there is a distinct division into larger and smaller trichodragmas in the present specimen, not reported for the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CBFF30FB87A44B9449F8A2" box="[1028,1076,1824,1848]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A42F937BF81A" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">In view of the considerable overall similarity of the present material and Hajdu &amp; Boury-Esnault’s material, I consider them both the same species for the time being.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF30FF44A4E79129F852" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
Moraes’ (2011) record of this species is suspect as he did not mention sigmas and figured an
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CBFF30FA92A4E095E1F83E" box="[1297,1436,1931,1956]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Aegogropila" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FA92A4E095E1F83E" box="[1297,1436,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Aegogropila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
surface skeleton.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB10677CBFF31FF44A4BF91FEFF62" blockId="156.[151,1437,1319,2028]" lastBlockId="157.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="157" lastPageNumber="158" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B77CBFF31FF44A4BF91FEFF62" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726470" country="Brazil" lastPageId="157" lastPageNumber="158" location="Brazil" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
A closely related species is
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CBFF30FE7CA4B89400F876" authority="Cedro, Hajdu &amp; Correia, 2011" authorityName="Cedro, Hajdu &amp; Correia" authorityYear="2011" box="[511,1149,2003,2028]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alagona" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CBFF30FE7CA4B8935CF876" box="[511,801,2003,2028]" italics="true" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Mycale (Mycale) alagona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF777CBFF30FCABA4B89400F876" author="Cedro" box="[808,1149,2003,2028]" pageId="156" pageNumber="157" refString="Cedro, V. R., Hajdu, E. &amp; Correia, M. D. (2011) Mycale alagoana sp. nov. and two new formal records of Porifera (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the shallow-water reefs of Alagoas (Brazil). Biota Neotropica, 11, 161 - 171." type="journal article" year="2011">Cedro, Hajdu &amp; Correia, 2011</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
from SE
<collectingCountry id="F316F19677CBFF30FB68A4B8954EF876" box="[1259,1331,2003,2028]" name="Brazil" pageId="156" pageNumber="157">Brazil</collectingCountry>
. It shows the same general similarity with my specimen as with the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA477CAFF31FC9FA3F39331FF2A" box="[796,844,152,176]" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">type</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA8577CAFF31FCF2A3F29453FF2A" box="[881,1070,152,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Mycalidae" genus="Mycale" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="157" pageNumber="158" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenaria" subGenus="Mycale">
<emphasis id="B9756D1477CAFF31FCF2A3F29453FF2A" box="[881,1070,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="157" pageNumber="158">M. (M.) arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(curved, short alae in anisochela I, dense aggregation of trichodragmas). Differences are three instead of two anisochelae categories and three size categories of sigmas.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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