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<document id="F07F61A2C3E108E2F874CBDC1EE83A89" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Myrmekioderma rea De Laubenfels 1934" docType="treatment" docVersion="20" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="B6F8937DF5D6491A939262F4F7B9E0F9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="A9F2053C20F57BA9019E8A6FF321B687">
<mods:title id="EB0B5288728CC345FB7B6BECCE6BEA43">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="A29C11DE2976720DCE2471013697AAA3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FD1692585B8A78C9A7EBEA669092EEEA">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0F287D0ECBFF938BA3764BDA8219989F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9B0F850119B911EFFEFB164B0FF8A8C7">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C7B0BD7052052A5B84551D78E176DC3">
<mods:date id="5649B5CE3B5ED0ACBB0120C5EF7AEFB7">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="BDC39962D1E93C6AC0A6A2B553D5C7E7" type="issue">
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<mods:classification id="F2A5A9A43FDF97692C4C79A9B47B8A6E">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="8FEBA53CA7D672B8B393932EA20C5222" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AB021947BFAF0C62E81BEE0E722B023F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8874155B806A8B7A27AA8AE76E9120E4" type="GBIF-Dataset">e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3510532" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419813" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3510532" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF14A3F3914DFF49" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A3F392D8FF28" blockId="55.[151,677,152,211]" box="[151,677,152,178]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<heading id="D0F6066A7760FF9BFF14A3F392D8FF28" bold="true" box="[151,677,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFF14A3F392D8FF28" authority="De Laubenfels, 1934" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,677,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A3F392D8FF28" bold="true" box="[151,677,152,178]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A3F391F0FF28" bold="true" box="[151,397,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma rea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFE1EA3F392E0FF28" author="De" box="[413,669,152,178]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican Deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">De Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A3D1914DFF49" blockId="55.[151,677,152,211]" box="[151,304,186,211]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFF14A3D19170FF49" box="[151,269,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figures 36</figureCitation>
a–j
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF14A269950AFECC" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A2699237FE82" blockId="55.[151,1399,258,342]" box="[151,586,258,280]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287760FF9BFF14A2699237FE82" box="[151,586,258,280]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFF14A269923BFE82" ID-CoL="66JFD" authority="De Laubenfels, 1934: 11" authorityName="De Laubenfels" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1934" box="[151,582,258,280]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Anacanthaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Axinellida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A2699139FE82" box="[151,324,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Anacanthaea rea</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177760FF9BFEC9A268923BFE82" author="De" box="[330,582,258,280]" page="11" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1934">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFEC9A268925CFE82" author="De" box="[330,545,258,280]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="De Laubenfels, M. W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican Deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91, 1 - 28." type="journal article" year="1934">De Laubenfels, 1934</bibRefCitation>
: 11
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A24A93F1FEAD" blockId="55.[151,1399,258,342]" box="[151,908,289,311]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287760FF9BFF14A24A93F1FEAD" box="[151,908,289,311]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFF14A24A9154FEAD" box="[151,297,289,311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Epipolasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A24A9154FEAD" box="[151,297,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Epipolasis rea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177760FF9BFEB5A2499210FEAD" author="Van" box="[310,621,289,311]" page="90" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1988">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFEB5A2499235FEAD" author="Van" box="[310,584,289,311]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549872 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 90
</treatmentCitation>
, pl. X figs. 3–4, text-fig. 42.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A22B950AFECC" blockId="55.[151,1399,258,342]" box="[151,1399,320,342]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287760FF9BFF14A22B950AFECC" box="[151,1399,320,342]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFF14A22B9118FECC" box="[151,357,320,342]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A22B9118FECC" box="[151,357,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma rea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177760FF9BFEF0A22B9237FECC" author="Diaz" box="[371,586,320,342]" page="303" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="1993">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFEF0A22B9265FECC" author="Diaz" box="[371,536,320,342]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFE2AA22A91A1FECC" box="[425,476,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
: 303
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 39, 45;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFD57A22B93C3FECC" author="Castellanos" box="[724,958,320,342]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Castellanos, L., Zea, S., Osorno, O. &amp; Duque, C. (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of the order Halichondrida (Porifera, Demospongiae), using 3 - Beta-hydroxysterols as chemical characters. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 1163 - 1183." type="journal article" year="2003">
Castellanos
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFCCDA22A93FFFECC" box="[846,898,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2003
</bibRefCitation>
: table 1, footnote d;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177760FF9BFB0EA22B950EFECC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3501649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3501649" author="Rutzler" box="[1165,1395,320,342]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C23A87C6FFF4FF91FF11FAC91855FF2A" page="72" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFB0EA22B9530FECC" author="Rutzler" box="[1165,1357,320,342]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFB5DA22A956CFECC" box="[1246,1297,320,342]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 72
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF14A2E9951FFE79" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF14A2E9951FFE79" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7760FF9BFF14A2E993F8FE25" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726411" collectingDate="1970-08-30" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="98" latitude="7.6833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0333" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A2E991FCFE01" bold="true" box="[151,385,386,411]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<location id="8EDEE7DD7760FF9BFF14A2E99082FE01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107760FF9BFF14A3F391D9F931:8EDEE7DD7760FF9BFF14A2E99082FE01" box="[151,255,386,411]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.6833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0333" name="Material" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37760FF9BFE09A2E891A3FE00" box="[394,478,387,410]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9788, 9789,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFD2AA2E8937EFE01" box="[681,771,387,411]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFC06A2E893A1FE01" box="[901,988,387,411]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 51,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17760FF9BFAB3A2E995E1FE01" box="[1328,1436,386,411]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="7.6833">7.6833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17760FF9BFF14A2CD916AFE25" box="[151,279,422,447]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5" value="-57.0333">57.0333°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFEE8A2CC91DAFE24" box="[363,423,423,447]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="98.0">
<elevation id="002C56357760FF9BFEE8A2CC91DAFE24" box="[363,423,423,447]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="98.0">98 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom calcareous sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFD4FA2CC93F8FE25" box="[716,901,423,447]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-08-30">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7760FF9BFD4FA2CC93F8FE25" box="[716,901,423,447]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-08-30">30 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7760FF9BFC11A2CC9522FE79" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726423" collectingDate="1970-09-05" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="65" latitude="7.7" location="Guyana" longLatPrecision="7821" longitude="-57.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" specimenCount="1">
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37760FF9BFC11A2CC939BFE24" box="[914,998,423,446]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9820,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFBE9A2CC94B9FE25" box="[1130,1220,423,447]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFAC6A2CC95E1FE25" box="[1349,1436,423,447]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 107,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17760FF9BFE6FA2A09253FE79" box="[492,558,459,483]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5555" value="7.7">7.7°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17760FF9BFDB6A2A192F1FE79" box="[565,652,458,483]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" precision="5555" value="-57.5">57.5°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFD5FA2A1936AFE78" box="[732,791,458,483]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="65.0">
<elevation id="002C56357760FF9BFD5FA2A1936AFE78" box="[732,791,458,483]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="65.0">65 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, muddy sand bottom with shells,
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFB0CA2A19522FE79" box="[1167,1375,458,483]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-09-05">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7760FF9BFB0CA2A19522FE79" box="[1167,1375,458,483]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1970-09-05">5 September 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF44A28591E0FC41" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A2859521FDE9" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF44A2859124FD9D" bold="true" box="[199,345,494,519]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Description.</emphasis>
The three specimens are dissimilar, Por. 9788 (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFCE5A28593CAFD9D" box="[870,951,494,519]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
a) is a broad knoll or club-shaped sponge of
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFF14A17890C2FDB0" box="[151,191,531,555]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">8 x</date>
3.5 x
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFE97A1799115FDB0" box="[276,360,530,555]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
. Color dark brown and surface uneven but optically smooth, overgrown with several other encrusting organisms. Por. 9789 (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFD8EA15D922AFDD5" box="[525,599,566,591]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig 36</figureCitation>
f) and 9820 are finger-shaped fragments of maximum
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFB34A15D9493FDD4" box="[1207,1262,566,591]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="6.0">6 cm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFADEA15C90C4FDE8" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.4" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="cm" value="1.2" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.4">0.4–2 cm</quantity>
diameter, dark colored (probably discolored by verongid specimens in the same catch). Consistency firm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A1159458FD21" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF44A1159148FD0D" bold="true" box="[199,309,638,663]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Skeleton.</emphasis>
The choanosomal skeleton consists of a dense confused mass of oxeas of all sizes, at the periphery of which there is a palisade of small oxeas arranged at right angles to the surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A1AD928EFD45" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" box="[199,755,710,735]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF44A1AD914DFD45" bold="true" box="[199,304,710,735]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFEBCA1AD91E9FD45" box="[319,404,710,735]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 36</figureCitation>
b–e,g–j) Oxeas, trichodragmas.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A18094AEFC09" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Oxeas, in a wide range of shapes—fusiform, often curved, frequently with an abrupt curve in the middle, sharply pointed or mucronate, occasionally stylote modifications occur, the middle sized and smallest may be lightly or heavily spined—and in a wide size range, divisible in three overlapping categories, (1) largest (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFAE9A05990CBFCF5" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 36</figureCitation>
b,b1 and
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFE98A03D9109FCF5" box="[283,372,854,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Figs
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFED0A03D9109FCF5" box="[339,372,854,879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.6" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="g" value="36.0">36</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g,g1), 664–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFE6CA03C9264FCF5" box="[495,537,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">874</emphasis>
–978
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFDDBA03C92F5FCF5" box="[600,648,855,879]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1919-10">x 19</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFD1BA03C92B4FCF5" box="[664,713,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">31.3</emphasis>
–39 µm, (2) middle sized (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFC77A03D9434FCF5" box="[1012,1097,854,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 36</figureCitation>
c and
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFB0EA03D94A3FCF5" box="[1165,1246,854,879]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
h), 345–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFAB9A03C9519FCF5" box="[1338,1380,855,879]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">451</emphasis>
–522
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFF14A01090B8FC09" box="[151,197,891,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2011-10">x 11</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF56A010917BFC09" box="[213,262,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">12.8</emphasis>
–16 µm, and (3) smallest (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFDAFA01192F9FC09" box="[556,644,890,915]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Figs 36</figureCitation>
d,d1 and
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFD6BA0119343FC09" box="[744,830,890,915]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Fig.
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFC9FA0119343FC09" box="[796,830,890,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="1936-01">36</date>
</figureCitation>
i,
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFCCFA0119323FC09" box="[844,862,890,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">i1</date>
), 111–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFC29A01193A9FC09" box="[938,980,890,915]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">276</emphasis>
–360
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFB90A0109448FC09" box="[1043,1077,890,915]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">x 6</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFBC7A0109408FC09" box="[1092,1141,891,915]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">10.5</emphasis>
–14 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A0F591E0FC41" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Trichodragmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFEFDA0F591B3FC2D" box="[382,462,926,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
e and
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFD8CA0F5921DFC2D" box="[527,608,926,951]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
j), variably longer and shorter, 40–120
<date id="FFBF97C67760FF9BFB8CA0F49426FC2D" box="[1039,1115,926,951]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" value="2012-10-06">x 6–12</date>
µm, individual raphides less than 1 µm in thickness.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF44A08D9131FBB9" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A08D9131FBB9" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF44A08D918EFC65" bold="true" box="[199,499,998,1023]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFE79A08C922CFC65" box="[506,593,999,1023]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFD22A08C9354FC65" box="[673,809,998,1023]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFCB7A08D93DCFC65" box="[820,929,998,1023]" name="Barbados" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFC2FA08D9460FC65" box="[940,1053,998,1023]" name="Colombia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFBAAA08D940EFC65" box="[1065,1139,998,1023]" name="Belize" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47760FF9BFBAAA08D940EFC65" box="[1065,1139,998,1023]" country="Belize" name="Belize" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Belize</collectingRegion>
</collectingCountry>
,
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFBFDA08C9492FC64" box="[1150,1263,999,1023]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="59.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="18.0">18–100 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967760FF9BFAC0A08C95E1FC65" box="[1347,1436,999,1023]" name="Guyana" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf
<quantity id="4CF91CE37760FF9BFF5AA761913DFBB9" box="[217,320,1034,1059]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.15" metricValueMax="9.8" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="m" value="81.5" valueMax="98.0" valueMin="65.0">65–98 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7760FF9BFF44A74591D9F931" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A74592CCF981" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF44A7459146FBDD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1070,1095]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
In assigning the present specimens—with hesitation—to
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFC74A745949EFBDC" box="[1015,1251,1070,1095]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFC74A745949EFBDC" box="[1015,1251,1070,1095]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma rea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
we follow the redescription and discussion of the species by
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFD21A7389317FBF1" box="[674,874,1106,1131]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFD5CA73F9365FBF1" box="[735,792,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
(p. 303) and
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFB80A7399495FBF1" box="[1027,1256,1106,1131]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFBDEA73F94EBFBF1" box="[1117,1174,1106,1131]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
(p. 72), and the refinement made by Zea in
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFE51A71D929AFB15" box="[466,743,1142,1167]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Castellanos, L., Zea, S., Osorno, O. &amp; Duque, C. (2003) Phylogenetic analysis of the order Halichondrida (Porifera, Demospongiae), using 3 - Beta-hydroxysterols as chemical characters. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31, 1163 - 1183." type="journal article">
Castellanos
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFDD8A71C92E9FB15" box="[603,660,1142,1167]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(2003)
</bibRefCitation>
(footnote of their table 1). To demonstrate the reason for the hesitation I present the characteristic features of two of the specimens in
<figureCitation id="133AAD837760FF9BFC4FA7F19462FB29" box="[972,1055,1178,1203]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="56.[151,250,1788,1810]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetId="figure@56.[151,1436,195,1767]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="FIGURE 36. Myrmekioderma rea (De Laubenfels, 1934), a, habitus of RMNH Por. 9788 (scale bar = 1 cm), b – e, SEM images of spicules, b, large oxea, b 1, detail of b, c, middle oxea, d, smallest oxea, d 1, enlarged image of d, e, detail of trichodragma f, habitus of RMNH Por. 9789 (scale bar = 1 cm), g, largest oxea, g 1, detail of g, h, middle oxea, i, smallest oxea, i 1, enlarged image of i, j, raphides of trichodragma." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/272987/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
. The shapes, although different in both, are more conforming to
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFE7AA7D4923AFB4C" box="[505,583,1215,1238]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFE7AA7D4923AFB4C" box="[505,583,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">M. rea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A246D06F7760FF9BFDD2A7D5920FFB4D" box="[593,626,1214,1239]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
than other
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFD78A7D593C9FB4D" box="[763,948,1214,1239]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFD78A7D593C9FB4D" box="[763,948,1214,1239]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The smaller oxeas were variably entirely smooth (RMNH Por. 9788) or heavily spined (RMNH Por. 9789 and 9820), the latter possessing both smaller and middle-sized spined oxeas. According to
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFD71A66C93C5FA85" box="[754,952,1286,1311]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFCADA66C931AFA85" box="[814,871,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
(1993)
</bibRefCitation>
this is not uncommon for
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFB60A66D95E1FA85" box="[1251,1436,1286,1311]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFB60A66D95E1FA85" box="[1251,1436,1286,1311]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, as it was documented for
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFDDDA64194FEFAD9" authority="Alcolado, 1984" authorityName="Alcolado" authorityYear="1984" box="[606,1155,1322,1347]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gyroderma">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFDDDA64193D8FAD9" box="[606,933,1322,1347]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma gyroderma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFC3CA6419406FAD9" author="Alcolado" box="[959,1147,1322,1347]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (1984) Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana, 271, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1984">Alcolado, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and the
<typeStatus id="54BA0FA47760FF9BFA8BA6409545FAD9" box="[1288,1336,1323,1347]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFF14A62592FCFAFD" authority="Esper, 1794" authorityName="Esper" authorityYear="1794" box="[151,641,1358,1383]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="granulatum">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFF14A62591A1FAFD" box="[151,476,1358,1383]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma granulatum</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFE6FA6249205FAFD" author="Esper" box="[492,632,1359,1383]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Esper, E. C. J. (1794) Die Pflanzenthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweyter Theil. Raspe, Nurnberg, 1 - 303." type="book chapter" year="1794">Esper, 1794</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Stylote modifications were found rather frequently in 9789 but were rare in 9788, not uncommonly reported for other
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFD66A61993E3FA11" box="[741,926,1394,1419]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFD66A61993E3FA11" box="[741,926,1394,1419]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. The trichodragmas were distinctly divisible in a smaller and a larger size category in 9788, but showed a more continuous variation in 9789 and 9820; either condition has been reported for
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFDC7A6D792F3FA49" box="[580,654,1468,1491]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rea">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFDC7A6D792F3FA49" box="[580,654,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">M. rea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by various authors (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFCF0A6D09456FA49" author="Diaz" box="[883,1067,1466,1491]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Diaz, M. C., Pomponi, S. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (1993) A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species. In: Uriz, M. - J. &amp; Rutzler, K. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Ecology and Systematics of Sponges. Scientia Marina, 57 (4), 283 - 306." type="journal article" year="1993">
Díaz
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFC32A6D79394FA49" box="[945,1001,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
1993
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFBB4A6D0951BFA49" author="Van" box="[1079,1382,1466,1491]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Stentoft, N. (1988) Barbados Deep-Water Sponges. In: Hummelinck, P. W. &amp; Van der Steen, L. J. (Eds.), Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen. No. 122. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 70 (215), 1 - 175. Avaliable from: http: // www. repository. naturalis. nl / document / 549872 (Accessed 11 Jan. 2017)" type="journal article" year="1988">Van Soest &amp; Stentoft 1988</bibRefCitation>
). An independent support for the hypothesis that this wide variation is intraspecific is the fact that divergent samples 9788 and 9789 were obtained in the same trawl.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067760FF9BFF44A54C91D9F931" blockId="55.[151,1437,386,1707]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
Two other species,
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFE25A54D93D0F9A5" authority="Alcolado, 1984" authorityName="Alcolado" authorityYear="1984" box="[422,941,1574,1599]" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="gyroderma">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFE25A54D929FF9A5" box="[422,738,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma gyroderma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFD70A54D93D8F9A5" author="Alcolado" box="[755,933,1574,1599]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Alcolado, P. M. (1984) Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana, 271, 1 - 22." type="journal article" year="1984">Alcolado, 1984</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857760FF9BFC6BA54D908AF9F9" authority="Rutzler et al. 2014" authorityName="Rutzler et al." authorityYear="2014" class="Demospongiae" family="Heteroxyidae" genus="Myrmekioderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laminatum">
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFC6BA54D955EF9A5" box="[1000,1315,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Myrmekioderma laminatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77760FF9BFAAFA54D908AF9F9" author="Rutzler" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Rutzler, K., Piantoni, C., Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Diaz, M. C. (2014) Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805 (1), 1 - 129. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3805.1.1" type="journal article" year="2014">
Rützler
<emphasis id="B9756D147760FF9BFA0BA54C90C9F9F9" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
occur in the Greater Caribbean. The first occurs on shallow-water reefs and has distinct meandering surface grooves that remain visible in preserved condition, the second occurs in reef cavities, is encrusting and has overall thinner spicules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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