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<document id="C831E1E5BF90D240DE98806351F11E78" ID-CLB-Dataset="37320" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.272951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e2c88f4c-3ac2-45f9-95e4-99b75561a081" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="272951" ID-ZooBank="6D68A019-6F63-4AA4-A8B3-92D351F1F69B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484409208030" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Van, Rob W. M." docDate="2017" docId="03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4217.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt 1880" docType="treatment" docVersion="21" lastPageNumber="104" masterDocId="FF9178687757FFACFF83A36B907DFF9A" masterDocTitle="Sponges of the Guyana Shelf" masterLastPageNumber="225" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1698435695899" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="118711AAA122936E3D6090E8E4253EFD">Sponges of the Guyana Shelf</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="66A855DAA325E0B8BD596A3C3843D718">Van, Rob W. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="4BF5F952B0C8917EBCDBCCBB3436220C">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="144672C847F5248FC25054AC23CE7926">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="78771D261FC67F76C62BC3B36B700B01" type="CLB-Dataset">37320</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8729B8DFDF2DE0481D3D9FF736E5C55A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.272951</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5698652" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127419835" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5698652" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7731FFCAFF14A3F39148FF49" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A3F39226FF28" blockId="102.[151,603,152,211]" box="[151,603,152,178]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<heading id="D0F6066A7731FFCAFF14A3F39226FF28" bold="true" box="[151,603,152,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857731FFCAFF14A3F39226FF28" ID-CoL="36TD4" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,603,152,178]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissoluta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF14A3F39226FF28" bold="true" box="[151,603,152,178]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF14A3F391DFFF28" bold="true" box="[151,418,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Discodermia dissoluta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77731FFCAFE29A3F39226FF28" author="Schmidt" box="[426,603,152,178]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II." type="journal volume" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A3D19148FF49" blockId="102.[151,603,152,211]" box="[151,309,186,211]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFF14A3D19170FF49" box="[151,269,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figures 63</figureCitation>
a–g
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7731FFCAFF14A26B9108FE8C" box="[151,373,256,278]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A26B9108FE8C" blockId="102.[151,1437,256,339]" box="[151,373,256,278]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Restricted synonymy:</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7731FFCAFF14A27592B2FEC9" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A27592B2FEC9" blockId="102.[151,1437,256,339]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB1196287731FFCAFF14A27592B2FEC9" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857731FFCAFF14A2759242FEAE" ID-CoL="36TD4" authority="Schmidt, 1880: 87" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="87" authorityYear="1880" box="[151,575,286,308]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissoluta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF14A2759101FEAE" box="[151,380,286,308]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Discodermia dissoluta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177731FFCAFE01A2759242FEAE" author="Schmidt" box="[386,575,286,308]" page="87" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="1880">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77731FFCAFE01A2759264FEAE" author="Schmidt" box="[386,537,286,308]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II." type="journal volume" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
: 87
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177731FFCAFDCAA27492A0FEAE" author="Zea" box="[585,733,286,308]" page="220" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77731FFCAFDCAA27492D6FEAE" author="Zea" box="[585,683,286,308]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea 1987</bibRefCitation>
: 220
</treatmentCitation>
, pls 221, 265, text-fig. 80; Van Soest
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFBDAA24B94F1FEAE" box="[1113,1164,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">et al.</emphasis>
2014: table 2 (p. 436), fig. 21c;
<treatmentCitation id="0AA097177731FFCAFF7AA2569253FEC9" author="Pisera" box="[249,558,317,339]" page="1306" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" year="2015">
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77731FFCAFF7AA2569192FEC9" author="Pisera" box="[249,495,317,339]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" refString="Pisera, A. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (2015) New data on lithistid sponges from the deep Florida shelf with description of a new species of Theonella. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1297 - 1309." type="journal article" year="2015">Pisera &amp; Pomponi 2015</bibRefCitation>
: 1306
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 2F, 10–11.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF7EE18E7731FFCAFF14A6E4929CFA78" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" targetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" targetPageId="102">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A6E4929CFA78" blockId="102.[151,1436,1423,1506]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF14A6E4915CFA3E" bold="true" box="[151,289,1423,1445]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">FIGURE 63.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C01CA857731FFCAFEAAA6E492CDFA3F" authority="Schmidt, 1880" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1880" box="[297,688,1423,1445]" class="Demospongiae" family="Theonellidae" genus="Discodermia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissoluta">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFEAAA6E4926DFA3F" box="[297,528,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Discodermia dissoluta</emphasis>
Schmidt, 1880
</taxonomicName>
, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c–g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g1, enlarged image of g.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7731FFCAFF14A5629303F9DC" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF14A5629303F9DC" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<materialsCitation id="3B69BB5B7731FFCAFF14A5629306F9DC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424726330" collectingDate="1970-08-30" collectionCode="RMNH" country="Guyana" elevation="98" latitude="7.6833" location="Material" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0333" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF14A56291F5F9B8" bold="true" box="[151,392,1545,1570]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<location id="8EDEE7DD7731FFCAFF14A5629082F9B8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A800107731FFCBFF14A3F39119FD6A:8EDEE7DD7731FFCAFF14A5629082F9B8" box="[151,255,1545,1570]" country="Guyana" latitude="7.6833" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-57.0333" name="Material" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Material</location>
examined.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ED1029C37731FFCAFE16A5619194F9BB" box="[405,489,1546,1569]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">RMNH</collectionCode>
Por. 9787,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967731FFCAFDFCA56192A4F9B8" box="[639,729,1546,1570]" name="Guyana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Guyana</collectingCountry>
, ‘Luymes’
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967731FFCAFCE4A56193C3F9B8" box="[871,958,1546,1570]" name="Guyana" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf Expedition, station 51,
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17731FFCAFAB3A56295E1F9B8" box="[1328,1436,1545,1570]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" precision="5" value="7.6833">7.6833°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE35D7C17731FFCAFF14A546916AF9DC" box="[151,279,1581,1606]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" precision="5" value="-57.0333">57.0333°W</geoCoordinate>
, depth
<quantity id="4CF91CE37731FFCAFEEBA54591DEF9DF" box="[360,419,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="98.0">
<elevation id="002C56357731FFCAFEEBA54591DEF9DF" box="[360,419,1582,1606]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="m" value="98.0">98 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, bottom calcareous sand,
<date id="FFBF97C67731FFCAFD47A5459306F9DC" box="[708,891,1582,1606]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1970-08-30">
<collectingDate id="EFFB6E2E7731FFCAFD47A5459306F9DC" box="[708,891,1582,1606]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="1970-08-30">30 August 1970</collectingDate>
</date>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7731FFCBFF44A53A94D8FF62" lastPageId="103" lastPageNumber="104" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A53A942AF928" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF44A53A9124F9F0" bold="true" box="[199,345,1617,1642]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Description.</emphasis>
Finger-shaped sponges (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFDFCA53A92AAF9F0" box="[639,727,1617,1642]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
a), solitary or in a group of three, partially overgrown with hydroids, with dark-brown color in alcohol (possibly darkened by other sponges with aerophobic properties in the same sample haul), up to
<quantity id="4CF91CE37731FFCAFE36A5F19191F92B" box="[437,492,1690,1714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
high and
<quantity id="4CF91CE37731FFCAFDD8A5F292D5F92B" box="[603,680,1689,1714]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
in diameter. Consistency firm to hard.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A5D6941BF960" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF44A5D69148F94C" bold="true" box="[199,309,1725,1750]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Skeleton.</emphasis>
At the surface there is a closed cover of overlapping discotriaenes, carried by occasional perpendicular bundles of oxeas, and overlying a rather open desma network (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFC74A58A9434F960" box="[1015,1097,1761,1786]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
b).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A46E9521F884" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" box="[199,1372,1797,1822]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF44A46E914DF884" bold="true" box="[199,304,1797,1822]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Spicules.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFEBCA46E91EEF884" box="[319,403,1797,1822]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 63</figureCitation>
b–g) Tetraclone desmas, oxeas, discotriaenes, acanthomicroxeas, acanthomicrorhabds.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A441929AF8FC" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Desmas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFEB3A44291FCF8D8" box="[304,385,1833,1858]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
b) with smooth shaft and cladi, and strongly tuberculated zygomes, size difficult to measure, approximately 420–
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFEF4A42591DCF8FC" box="[375,417,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">508</emphasis>
–630 µm in overall diameter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A4199194F834" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Oxeas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFEA6A41A91F5F810" box="[293,392,1905,1930]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 63</figureCitation>
c,c1), usually with bluntly rounded, sometimes even flattened apices, slightly curved, 372–
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFF4CA4FD9084F834" box="[207,249,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">459</emphasis>
–552
<date id="FFBF97C67731FFCAFEBBA4FD9124F834" box="[312,345,1941,1966]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">x 5</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFEEAA4FD91F1F834" box="[361,396,1942,1966]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">7.8</emphasis>
–11 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067731FFCAFF44A4D2948DF86C" blockId="102.[151,1436,1545,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">
Discotriaenes (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837731FFCAFEFFA4D2919CF848" box="[380,481,1977,2002]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">Figs 63</figureCitation>
d), with slightly concave, rounded or oval, occasionally polyangular discs, characteristically 210–
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFE16A4B591C2F86C" box="[405,447,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">293</emphasis>
–330 µm in diameter, and conical rhabdomes, 48–
<emphasis id="B9756D147731FFCAFC72A4B5945FF86C" box="[1009,1058,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="102" pageNumber="103">74.2</emphasis>
–120
<date id="FFBF97C67731FFCAFBE2A4B594C1F86C" box="[1121,1212,2014,2038]" pageId="102" pageNumber="103" value="2010-10-20">x 10–20</date>
µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067730FFCBFF44A3FC957FFF4F" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Acanthomicroxeas (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837730FFCBFE31A3FC926FFF2A" box="[434,530,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Figs 63</figureCitation>
e–g), in two categories, (1) larger (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837730FFCBFC57A3FC9452FF2A" box="[980,1071,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
e) with sharply pointed ends, 99–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFF42A3D7909AFF4E" box="[193,231,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">117</emphasis>
–129
<date id="FFBF97C67730FFCBFEABA3D69137FF4E" box="[296,330,188,212]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">x 4</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFEDAA3D79101FF4E" box="[345,380,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">4.3</emphasis>
–4.5 µm, (2) smaller (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837730FFCBFDF2A3D792BFFF4F" box="[625,706,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
f), also sharply pointed, 38–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFC7FA3D79465FF4E" box="[1020,1048,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">45</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67730FFCBFBA4A3D79414FF4E" box="[1063,1129,188,213]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="1951-10-03">51 x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFBFAA3D794E1FF4E" box="[1145,1180,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">3.7</emphasis>
–4.5 µm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067730FFCBFF44A3B494D8FF62" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,752]" box="[199,1189,223,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Acanthomicrorhabds (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837730FFCBFE42A3B49265FF62" box="[449,536,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
Figs
<quantity id="4CF91CE37730FFCBFE7AA3B49265FF62" box="[505,536,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.3" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="g" value="63.0">63</quantity>
</figureCitation>
g,g1) with bluntly rounded ends, 13–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFC37A38B93ADFF62" box="[948,976,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">17</emphasis>
–
<date id="FFBF97C67730FFCBFC5CA38B945FFF62" box="[991,1058,224,248]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" value="1919-10-03">19 x 3</date>
–
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFBB1A38B9428FF62" box="[1074,1109,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">3.4</emphasis>
–4 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7730FFCBFF44A26F94EDFEDA" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067730FFCBFF44A26F94EDFEDA" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFF44A26F9193FE87" bold="true" box="[199,494,260,285]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
.
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFE7EA26F9229FE86" box="[509,596,260,284]" name="Guyana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFD24A26F9369FE87" box="[679,788,260,285]" name="Barbados" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Barbados</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFCA3A26F93ECFE87" box="[800,913,260,285]" name="Colombia" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFC1DA26F9387FE87" box="[926,1018,260,285]" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFB85A26F941BFE86" box="[1030,1126,260,284]" name="Curaçao" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFBF0A26F94A0FE87" box="[1139,1245,260,285]" name="Bahamas" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, offshore islands of NE
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFF62A24C9155FEDA" box="[225,296,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="49C57FE47730FFCBFEB7A24C91F5FEDA" box="[308,392,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Florida</collectingRegion>
, on reefs and sand bottoms, at
<quantity id="4CF91CE37730FFCBFD63A24C932CFEA5" box="[736,849,295,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.25" metricValueMax="15.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="82.5" valueMax="155.0" valueMin="10.0">10–155 m</quantity>
depth (
<collectingCountry id="F316F1967730FFCBFC26A2439383FEDA" box="[933,1022,296,320]" name="Guyana" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Guyana</collectingCountry>
Shelf
<quantity id="4CF91CE37730FFCBFBC4A24394F9FEDA" box="[1095,1156,296,320]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.8" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" unit="m" value="98.0">98 m</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31BE28D7730FFCBFF44A2279119FD6A" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067730FFCBFF44A22794C7FD1F" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFF44A2279146FEFF" bold="true" box="[199,315,332,357]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Remarks.</emphasis>
The present material conforms to previous descriptions of this species (
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFBEEA227956BFEFE" author="Schmidt" box="[1133,1302,332,357]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II." type="journal volume" year="1880">Schmidt, 1880</bibRefCitation>
; Zea, 1986;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFF14A20491D1FE12" author="Kelly-Borges" box="[151,428,367,392]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Kelly-Borges, M., Robinson, E. V., Gunasekera, S. P., Gunasekera, M., Gulavita, N. K. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (1994) Species differentiation in the marine sponge genus Discodermia (Demospongiae: Lithistida): the utility of ethanol extract profiles as species-specific chemotaxonomic markers. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 22, 353 - 365." type="journal article" year="1994">
Kelly-Borges
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFEB7A21A9111FE12" box="[308,364,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
1994
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFE3BA20492E0FE12" author="Pomponi" box="[440,669,367,392]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Pomponi, S. A., Kelly, M., Reed, J. K. &amp; Wright, A. E. (2001) Diversity and bathymetric distribution of lithistid sponges in the tropical western Atlantic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 10, 344 - 353." type="journal article" year="2001">
Pomponi
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFDA7A21A9226FE12" box="[548,603,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
; Moraes, 2011; Van Soest
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFC47A21A9386FE12" box="[964,1019,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2014;
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFBCBA2049522FE12" author="Pisera" box="[1096,1375,367,392]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Pisera, A. &amp; Pomponi, S. A. (2015) New data on lithistid sponges from the deep Florida shelf with description of a new species of Theonella. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 95 (7), 1297 - 1309." type="journal article" year="2015">Pisera &amp; Pomponi, 2015</bibRefCitation>
). The species shows a depth related variation in density of the desma skeleton, with few and thin desmas and discotriaenes in shallow-water specimens resulting in a remarkable compressibility, whereas deep-water species have proper stony lithistid skeletons with dense cover of discotriaenes overlying a strongly zygosed desma skeleton. It is as yet unverified if these skeletal variations are also reflected in the habit. Deep-water specimens appear to be more often finger-shaped, whereas shallow-water specimens tend to occur in dense, closely adhering clusters of lobes [compare shallow-water specimens depicted in
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFCFBA1239388FDFA" author="Zea" box="[888,1013,584,608]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catalogo Cientific, Bogot, Colombia, 286 pp." type="book" year="1987">Zea (1987)</bibRefCitation>
(p. 265) and Moraes (2011) (p. 115) with the deep-water specimens in Van Soest
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFD08A10692BEFD1F" box="[651,707,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
(2014) (fig. 21c) and the present (
<figureCitation id="133AAD837730FFCBFBC0A10794EAFD1F" box="[1091,1175,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 63" captionStartId="102.[151,250,1423,1445]" captionTargetBox="[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetId="figure@102.[153,1438,373,1407]" captionTargetPageId="102" captionText="FIGURE 63. Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880, a, habitus of RMNH 9787 (scale bar = 1 cm), b, SEM image of desma skeleton, c – g, SEM images of spicules, c, oxeote, c 1, details of c, d, discotriaenes, e, large acanthomicroxea, f, middle-sized acanthomicroxea, g, microrhabd, g 1, enlarged image of g." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273014/files/figure.png" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">Fig. 63</figureCitation>
a)].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBEB1067730FFCBFF44A1E49119FD6A" blockId="103.[151,1437,151,752]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">
The species is also widely known for its possession of rich bacterial populations (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EF90CCF77730FFCBFB47A1E495E8FD32" author="Bruck" box="[1220,1429,655,680]" pageId="103" pageNumber="104" refString="Bruck, W. M., Sennett, S. H., Pomponi, S. A., Willenz, P. &amp; McCarthy, P. J. (2008) Identification of the bacterial symbiont Entotheonella sp. in the mesohyl of the marine sponge Discodermia sp. The ISME Journal, 2, 335 - 339." type="journal article" year="2008">
Brück
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFA90A1FA9532FD32" box="[1299,1359,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
) apparently responsible for the production of anticancer substances discodermolides and discodermide (Gunasakera
<emphasis id="B9756D147730FFCBFF14A1B290B2FD6A" box="[151,207,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="103" pageNumber="104">et al.</emphasis>
1990, 1991).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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