95 lines
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95 lines
13 KiB
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<document id="B08CE6057DB6B38FEEBC73E9CAA53FB1" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930500140629" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219994" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629350369910" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Bálint, Zsolt, Vértesy, Zofia & Biró, László P." docDate="2005" docId="03A4CD19FF800D14FE2CFA5C7F4BFBFD" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.39.31.2935-2952.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (31)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500140629" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson 1990" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2938" masterDocId="FF9DB561FF850D12FFC2FFC47B7EFFD7" masterDocTitle="Microstructures and nanostructures of high Andean Penaincisalia lycaenid butterfly scales (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): descriptions and interpretations" masterLastPageNumber="2952" masterPageNumber="2935" pageNumber="2938" updateTime="1699069084240" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="314255A5F58F6C9CC0F4F140AC837328">Microstructures and nanostructures of high Andean Penaincisalia lycaenid butterfly scales (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): descriptions and interpretations</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D3638C53C0AD19C916324A855B1FCF46">Bálint, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3E38E6EA653D8B81D3D430B4F03F8DCF">Vértesy, Zofia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1B7723E1DF026890A87C8AEE7745D218">Biró, László P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="166D249D40975700B16CEC8C3C89F4AC">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="98B3373A5A49C706D23A8D5DDA3F477F">
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<mods:date id="19744C3EE61AFA658F503E412A888F27">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6B0BD0ADC290C62FB0332A7A74179C7A">2005-09-15</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="198331B73304120EE5A162D049F9EFAF">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C1EEC210678E29DB5D5949A1C567590A">31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03A4CD19FF800D14FE2CFA5C7F4BFBFD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5220010" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5220010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A4CD19FF800D14FE2CFA5C7F4BFBFD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A4CD19FF800D14FE2CFA5C7F4BFBFD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="2938" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">
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<subSubSection id="C3172F84FF800D17FE2CFA5C785DFA67" box="[494,803,1432,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB27C0FFF800D17FE2CFA5C785DFA67" blockId="5.[494,803,1432,1489]" box="[494,803,1432,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">
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<heading id="D0FACB63FF800D17FE2CFA5C785DFA67" box="[494,803,1432,1456]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0D078CFF800D17FE2CFA5C785DFA67" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1990" box="[494,803,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aurulenta">
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<emphasis id="B979A01DFF800D17FE2CFA5C785DFA67" bold="true" box="[494,803,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">Penaincisalia aurulenta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3172F84FF800D14FDF3FA7D7F4BFBFD" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="2939" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BB27C0FFF800D17FDF3FA7D799FFA06" blockId="5.[494,803,1432,1489]" box="[561,737,1465,1489]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF800D17FDFAFA7D79C4FA06" box="[568,698,1465,1489]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1025,1044]" captionTargetBox="[128,1173,163,986]" captionTargetId="figure-110@5.[125,1173,133,989]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Lycaenid butterfly species investigated showing male dorsal wing surfaces. (A) Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990 (Peru: PN Huascarán, Quebrada Demanda; HNHM); (B) Penaincisalia perezi Bálint, 2001 (Peru: PN Husacarán; Llanganuco; HNHM paratype); (C) Penaincisalia culminicola (Staudinger, 1894) (Peru: PNB Huascarán, Llanganuco; HNHM); (D) Thecloxurina loxurina (Felder and Felder, 1865) (Ecuador: Carchi, Res. Forest. Golondrinas; HNHM); (E) Thecloxurina atymna (Hewitson, 1870) (Ecuador: Zamora, Cord. Lagunillas; HNHM); (F) Thecloxurina atymna (Hewitson, 1870) (Ecuador: Azuay, Cuenca; HNHM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219996/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">Figures 1A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF800D17FD0AFA7D79A6FA06" box="[712,728,1465,1489]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[125,185,910,929]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetId="figure-186@7.[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Penaincisalia aurulenta scale microstructures. (A) Tile- and shovelshaped scales with dentate anterior margins; (B) longitudinal ridges with flutes, straight cross ribs; (C) widely open microcells, wispy internal structures; (D) widely open microcells, deep-laying pepper-pot structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219998/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">2</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB27C0FFF800D14FF5AFA3E7F4BFBFD" blockId="5.[125,1173,1530,1684]" lastBlockId="6.[138,1185,912,1066]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="2939" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">
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The dorsal colour is Burnt Orange without iridescence (
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF800D17FCD6FA3E78F5F9C5" box="[788,907,1530,1554]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="5.[125,185,1025,1044]" captionTargetBox="[128,1173,163,986]" captionTargetId="figure-110@5.[125,1173,133,989]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 1. Lycaenid butterfly species investigated showing male dorsal wing surfaces. (A) Penaincisalia aurulenta Johnson, 1990 (Peru: PN Huascarán, Quebrada Demanda; HNHM); (B) Penaincisalia perezi Bálint, 2001 (Peru: PN Husacarán; Llanganuco; HNHM paratype); (C) Penaincisalia culminicola (Staudinger, 1894) (Peru: PNB Huascarán, Llanganuco; HNHM); (D) Thecloxurina loxurina (Felder and Felder, 1865) (Ecuador: Carchi, Res. Forest. Golondrinas; HNHM); (E) Thecloxurina atymna (Hewitson, 1870) (Ecuador: Zamora, Cord. Lagunillas; HNHM); (F) Thecloxurina atymna (Hewitson, 1870) (Ecuador: Azuay, Cuenca; HNHM)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219996" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219996/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">Figure 1A</figureCitation>
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). The scales are tile- or shovel-shaped with a toothed anterior margin. The length/width ratio of tile-shaped scales is 3/ 1 (120/
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<quantity id="4CF5D1EAFF800D17FF0EF9FF7A64F984" box="[204,282,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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). The shovel-shaped scales are shorter and wider (length/width52/1, 80/
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<quantity id="4CF5D1EAFF800D17FBF9F9FF7FF9F984" box="[1083,1159,1593,1619]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
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). The dentation of the tile-shaped scales is deeper (
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF800D17FD1AF998782FF9A3" box="[728,849,1628,1652]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[125,185,910,929]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetId="figure-186@7.[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Penaincisalia aurulenta scale microstructures. (A) Tile- and shovelshaped scales with dentate anterior margins; (B) longitudinal ridges with flutes, straight cross ribs; (C) widely open microcells, wispy internal structures; (D) widely open microcells, deep-laying pepper-pot structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219998/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938">Figure 2A</figureCitation>
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). We could not detect any qualitative difference between the microstructures of the
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<specimenCount id="9D0BB786FF800D17FD31F9B8781EF943" box="[755,864,1660,1684]" pageId="5" pageNumber="2938" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
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. The longitudinal ridges are parallel and low, with flutes. The space (5length of the microcells) between the ridges is approximately
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<quantity id="4CF5D1EAFF830D14FEF6FC757A0FFC1E" box="[308,369,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="2939" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
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. Cross ribs are straight, their intervals are slightly irregular and less than
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<quantity id="4CF5D1EAFF830D14FF48FC157BA3FC3E" box="[138,221,975,1001]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="2939" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
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. The microcells are oblong or rectangular and widely open (
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF830D14FC7BFC157F29FC3E" box="[953,1111,977,1001]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[125,185,910,929]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetId="figure-186@7.[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Penaincisalia aurulenta scale microstructures. (A) Tile- and shovelshaped scales with dentate anterior margins; (B) longitudinal ridges with flutes, straight cross ribs; (C) widely open microcells, wispy internal structures; (D) widely open microcells, deep-laying pepper-pot structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219998/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2939">Figure 2B, C</figureCitation>
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). The nanostructures are irregularly fragmented and sparse or lost with the trabeculae, and the reverse surface of the scale can be clearly seen at higher magnification (
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<figureCitation id="1336608AFF830D14FC6FFBD67F56FBFD" box="[941,1064,1042,1066]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="7.[125,185,910,929]" captionTargetBox="[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetId="figure-186@7.[125,1173,133,874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Penaincisalia aurulenta scale microstructures. (A) Tile- and shovelshaped scales with dentate anterior margins; (B) longitudinal ridges with flutes, straight cross ribs; (C) widely open microcells, wispy internal structures; (D) widely open microcells, deep-laying pepper-pot structures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219998" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219998/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="2939">Figure 2D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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