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<document id="721241D463DCA633B150E83A3B34A9CF" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.275119" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ed4c6a69-93b2-4177-888f-cdc9f9a8a327" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="275119" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461103624938" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Medeiros, Matthew J." docDate="2009" docId="C752BC317406FFCF2195F9BDFE08FC25" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02202p047.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2202" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Thyrocopa epicapna Meyrick" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="3B6BC4497414FFDB2102FFCAFFACFFFB" masterDocTitle="A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)" masterLastPageNumber="47" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698592259421" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F95FABB8EE9F90F60205131E3DC9AEB3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="85F45BA969B881458F11B303924D5F22">
<mods:title id="1D1D85BFA4F06A7FB1B6C3A0DBC6C97F">A revision of the endemic Hawaiian genus Thyrocopa (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae: Xyloryctinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="5D1586936C4DC39CE8931B0D34128DE3" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="117D4B933356E48FAB26AAB1C335844A">Medeiros, Matthew J.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="807DAF26ECCA7F6FCA0F06AF25FCD890">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="84D970AE7AEDF645930E7659397BF0E6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="606F32AD2773785B8146458EA01ED80D">
<mods:date id="5EB808D83D0C06DCADE68A2C5D5C3E15">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="7BE6141524DBA28C48B4DEF06B124055" type="volume">
<mods:number id="DA6571E67B07D3B5C5A820149D6D04C6">2202</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="FD0BBFD19D4CDAE45BD8786CCBD6497C" unit="page">
<mods:start id="17F02FA450F41DCC461A81E2BB9A146E">1</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="6399E90B1C2CC954E08C02BC341DDA30">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="BD18E31FF1F3739574C9B0E292121C42" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.275119</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3CE3B8820E833E2E30B57A41387E219F" type="GBIF-Dataset">ed4c6a69-93b2-4177-888f-cdc9f9a8a327</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FF4A2080C6FEBCE17EF2EA8FB41000A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="849A4A04439622EF83B707CBB9F5D44E" type="Zenodo-Dep">275119</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C752BC317406FFCF2195F9BDFE08FC25" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6226503" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622614" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6226503" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C752BC317406FFCF2195F9BDFE08FC25" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C752BC317406FFCF2195F9BDFE08FC25" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7406FFC92195F9BDFD90F96A" box="[151,572,1655,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F9BDFD90F96A" blockId="18.[151,572,1655,1716]" box="[151,572,1655,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="140CBA4B7406FFC92195F9BDFD90F96A" bold="true" box="[151,572,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC92195F9BDFD90F96A" bold="true" box="[151,572,1655,1681]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
11.
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC921C3F9BDFD90F96A" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[193,572,1655,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC921C3F9BDFE1BF96A" bold="true" box="[193,439,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thyrocopa epicapna</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7406FFC92195F950FE98F94F" box="[151,308,1690,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F950FE98F94F" blockId="18.[151,572,1655,1716]" box="[151,308,1690,1716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
(
<figureCitation id="D7C011A27406FFC9219DF950FEAEF94F" box="[159,258,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 16 – 30" captionStartId="15.[151,275,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[254,1329,188,1769]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[254,1329,188,1769]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 16 – 30. Adults of Thyrocopa. 16. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 17. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 11 mm; 18. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 13 mm; 19. T. brevipalpis, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 20. T. cinerella, Kauai, forewing = 19 mm; 21. T. decipiens, Hawaii Island, forewing = 18 mm; 22. T. elikapekae, Kauai, forewing = 12 mm; 23. T. epicapna, Hawaii Island, forewing = 10 mm; 24. T. geminipuncta, Maui, forewing = 9 mm; 25. T. gigas, Kauai, forewing = 23 mm; 26. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 12 mm; 27. T. indecora, Hawaii Island, forewing = 9 mm; 28. T. indecora, Oahu Island, forewing = 11 mm; 29. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 14 mm; 30. T. indecora, Maui, forewing = 12 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275121/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D7C011A27406FFC9200CF950FE81F94F" box="[270,301,1690,1716]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 89" captionStartId="40.[151,271,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[272,1315,201,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[272,1315,178,1712]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 89. Male genitalia of Thyrocopa; for all figures, lower left box shows detail of uncus, lower right box shows detail of sacculus. 75. T. elikapekae, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA 60 UHIM); 76. T. epicapna, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA 81 BPBM); 77. T. geminipuncta, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 44 BPBM); 78. T. gigas, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA 33 UHIM); 79. T. indecora, Maui, male genitalia (slide 06 B 14 BPBM); 80. T. indecora, Oahu, male genitalia (slide LA 18 BPBM); 81. T. kanaloa, Kahoolawe, male genitalia (08 A 54 BPBM); 82. T. kea, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA 59 UHIM); 83. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, male genitalia (slide 05 A 45 BPBM); 84. T. kokeensis, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 21909 BMNH); 85. T. megas, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA 73 UHIM); 86. T. neckerensis, Necker, male genitalia (slide LA 10 BPBM); 87. T. nihoa, Nihoa, male genitalia (slide LA 13 BPBM); 88. T. peleana, Oahu, male genitalia (slide # 151 BPBM); 89. T. seminatella, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 90 BPBM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275125/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">76</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7406FFC92195F922FBB4F8A4" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F922FCDFF904" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" box="[151,883,1768,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6FEB2A097406FFC92195F922FCDFF904" box="[151,883,1768,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC92195F922FDE4F904" ID-CoL="98GX8" authority="Meyrick, 1883a: 33" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="1883" box="[151,584,1768,1791]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Synomotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC92195F922FEC1F904" box="[151,365,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synomotis epicapna</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CE5A2B367406FFC92076F922FDE4F904" author="Meyrick" box="[372,584,1768,1791]" page="33" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1883">
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67406FFC92076F922FD8CF904" author="Meyrick" box="[372,544,1768,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" refString="Meyrick, E. (1883 a) Notes on Hawaiian micro-lepidoptera. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 20, 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="1883" yearSuffix="a">Meyrick, 1883a</bibRefCitation>
: 33
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="9040B3857406FFC92350F922FD2BF904" box="[594,647,1768,1791]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type</typeStatus>
species of
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC923FCF922FCC7F904" box="[766,875,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Synomotis</emphasis>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC921C5F8C2FBB4F8A4" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="9040B3857406FFC921C5F8C2FE9AF8E4" box="[199,310,1800,1823]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77406FFC92042F8C2FDA7F8E4" box="[320,523,1800,1823]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
: HAWAII: 1 3 (slide 4075 BMNH has the wings of this specimen but the genitalia are not those of
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC9205BF8E2FE60F8C4" box="[345,460,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC9205BF8E2FE60F8C4" box="[345,460,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thyrocopa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; the wrong abdomen was glued onto the specimen; the actual abdomen is lost), 1899, Blackburn (BMNH), designated by
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67406FFC92347F882FCA5F8A4" author="Zimmerman" box="[581,777,1864,1887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 657 (as “
<typeStatus id="9040B3857406FFC9229FF882FBAEF8A4" box="[925,1026,1864,1887]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7406FFC921C5F8A2FC3AF844" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC921C5F8A2FC58F884" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" box="[199,1012,1895,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<typeStatus id="9040B3857406FFC921C5F8A2FEF1F884" box="[199,349,1896,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77406FFC92064F8A2FD9DF884" box="[358,561,1896,1919]" name="United States of America" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
: HAWAII:
<date id="3B452BE77406FFC9239FF8A2FCA6F884" box="[669,778,1895,1919]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="1899-01-03">1 3, 1899</date>
, Blackburn (BMNH).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F842FC14F864" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" box="[151,952,1928,1951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6FEB2A097406FFC92195F842FC14F864" box="[151,952,1928,1951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC92195F842FE4BF864" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,487,1928,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC92195F842FEDEF864" box="[151,370,1928,1951]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thyrocopa epicapna</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
,
<treatmentCitation id="CE5A2B367406FFC920F0F842FD52F864" author="Walsingham" box="[498,766,1928,1951]" page="500" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67406FFC920F0F842FD66F864" author="Walsingham" box="[498,714,1928,1951]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" refString="Walsingham, L. T. d. G. (1907 b) Microlepidoptera. In: D. Sharp (Ed), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Walsingham, 1907b</bibRefCitation>
: 500
</treatmentCitation>
, plate 14, fig. 21.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F862FC3AF844" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" box="[151,918,1960,1983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6FEB2A097406FFC92195F862FC3AF844" box="[151,918,1960,1983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC92195F862FE44F844" authority="Meyrick" authorityName="Meyrick" box="[151,488,1960,1983]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC92195F862FEDEF844" box="[151,370,1960,1983]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thyrocopa epicapna</emphasis>
(Meyrick)
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="CE5A2B367406FFC920F1F862FD5DF844" author="Zimmerman" box="[499,753,1960,1983]" page="986" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67406FFC920F1F862FD11F844" author="Zimmerman" box="[499,701,1960,1983]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: 986
</treatmentCitation>
, figs. 657, 673.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7406FFC82195F802FB93FF34" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="4F440D277406FFC92195F802FCF2F824" blockId="18.[151,1436,1768,2015]" box="[151,862,1992,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="6FEB2A097406FFC92195F802FCF2F824" box="[151,862,1992,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47406FFC92195F802FD08F824" authority="Walsingham 1907b: 500" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityPageNumber="500" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,676,1992,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357406FFC92195F802FE3BF824" box="[151,407,1992,2015]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Thyrocopa pulverulenta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="CE5A2B367406FFC9209FF802FD08F824" author="Walsingham" box="[413,676,1992,2015]" page="500" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1907">
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67406FFC9209FF802FDC3F824" author="Walsingham" box="[413,623,1992,2015]" pageId="18" pageNumber="47" refString="Walsingham, L. T. d. G. (1907 b) Microlepidoptera. In: D. Sharp (Ed), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Walsingham 1907b</bibRefCitation>
: 500
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, plate 14, fig. 20.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C5FF52FB93FF34" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC821C5FF52FE9AFF54" box="[199,310,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77407FFC82042FF52FDA7FF54" box="[320,523,152,175]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
: HAWAII:
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC8237AFF5DFCB4FF54" bold="true" box="[632,792,151,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hawaii Island</emphasis>
: Kona, 4000’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC822B8FF52FBBFFF54" box="[954,1043,152,175]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1219.0">1219 m</quantity>
]: 1 3 (slide 4153 BMNH),
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC82438FF52FA34FF54" box="[1338,1432,152,175]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1892-07">Jul 1892</date>
, Perkins (BMNH), designated by
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC82324FF72FD5DFF34" author="Zimmerman" box="[550,753,184,207]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 662, 679 (as “
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC822C6FF72FB85FF34" box="[964,1065,184,207]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
”).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFC821C5FF12FB33FED4" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C5FF12FB6EFEF4" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC821C5FF12FECBFF14" box="[199,359,216,239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="paralectotype">Paralectotypes</typeStatus>
:
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77407FFC82071FF12FDECFF14" box="[371,576,216,239]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
: HAWAII:
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC823B3FF1DFCFEFF14" bold="true" box="[689,850,215,239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Hawaii Island</emphasis>
: Kona, 4000’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC822FFFF12FBF9FF14" box="[1021,1109,216,239]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1219.0">1219 m</quantity>
]: 7 3,
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC825A1FF12FA93FF14" box="[1187,1343,216,239]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1892-06" valueMax="1892-09-31" valueMin="1892-06-00">Jun–Sep 1892</date>
, Perkins (BMNH); Kona, 4000‘ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC820CBFF32FD8DFEF4" box="[457,545,248,271]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1219.0">1219 m</quantity>
]: 4 3 (two missing abdomen),
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC82269FF32FC52FEF4" box="[875,1022,248,271]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1892-07" valueMax="1892-09-31" valueMin="1892-07-00">Jul–Sep 1892</date>
, Perkins (BPBM).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC82195FED2FB33FED4" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,303]" box="[151,1183,279,303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82195FED2FD89FED4" authority="Walsingham" authorityName="Walsingham" box="[151,549,280,303]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82195FED2FE3BFED4" box="[151,407,280,303]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thyrocopa pulverulenta</emphasis>
Walsingham
</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC82332FED2FD55FED4" author="Zimmerman" box="[560,761,280,303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 662 &amp; 679.
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC822BAFEDDFB35FED4" bold="true" box="[952,1177,279,303]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">NEW SYNONYMY</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFC82195FE94FC00FDC1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC82195FE94FC00FDC1" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82195FE94FEBCFE83" bold="true" box="[151,272,350,376]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Diagnosis</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC8201DFE95FDBCFE83" box="[287,528,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC8201DFE95FDBCFE83" box="[287,528,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thyrocopa epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically very similar to
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC822B0FE95FB8BFE83" box="[946,1063,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apatela">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC822B0FE95FB8BFE83" box="[946,1063,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. apatela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82560FE95FB56FE83" box="[1122,1274,351,376]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikaelekea">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82560FE95FB56FE83" box="[1122,1274,351,376]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. kikaelekea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but it can be separated based on its range:
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC820F5FE4FFD2EFE65" box="[503,642,389,414]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC820F5FE4FFD2EFE65" box="[503,642,389,414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs at lower elevations on Maui and Hawaii Islands. The wing pattern of
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC8200DFE66FE53FE3E" box="[271,511,428,453]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC8200DFE66FE53FE3E" box="[271,511,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thyrocopa epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has somewhat smaller, more defined blackish spots than either
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC825E9FE66FAF3FE3E" box="[1259,1375,428,453]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apatela">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC825E9FE66FAF3FE3E" box="[1259,1375,428,453]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. apatela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82484FE66FEBFFE10" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kikaelekea">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82484FE66FEBFFE10" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. kikaelekea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. On other islands where
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82335FE18FD13FE10" box="[567,703,466,491]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82335FE18FD13FE10" box="[567,703,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs, it can be confused with several species. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82195FE33FF55FDE9" box="[151,249,505,530]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abusa">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82195FE33FF55FDE9" box="[151,249,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. abusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its lack of a median ridge on the dorsal part of the uncus. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC8256BFE33FB4DFDE9" box="[1129,1249,505,530]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kanaloa">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC8256BFE33FB4DFDE9" box="[1129,1249,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC825F3FE33FA38FDE9" box="[1265,1428,505,530]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="seminatella">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC825F3FE33FA38FDE9" box="[1265,1428,505,530]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. seminatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC821CAFDEAFE9FFDC2" box="[200,307,544,569]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="usitata">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821CAFDEAFE9FFDC2" box="[200,307,544,569]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">T. usitata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having a much shallower apical cleft in the uncus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFC821C7FD8CFDA9FBAC" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FD8CFE9CFC18" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7FD8CFEFBFD9B" bold="true" box="[197,343,582,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Description</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82065FD8DFE0BFD9B" box="[359,423,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head</emphasis>
: Generally brown, with scales much lighter brown near apices. Antenna ca. 0.6–0.7x forewing length; very dense, very short, piliform cilia on ventral side (typical in non-Hawaii
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77407FFC8244DFDA7FA32FD7C" box="[1359,1438,621,647]" name="Iceland" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Island</collectingCountry>
individuals) and sometimes projecting from all sides of flagellomere (typical in Hawaii Island individuals) in male, cilia only on ventral side, and much less dense, in female. Labial palpus brown or more commonly mottled brown and very light brown; third segment ca. 0.9–1.0x length of second.
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82565FD2BFB17FD01" box="[1127,1211,737,762]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Thorax</emphasis>
: Brown. Forewing length
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC821EAFCC2FEF6FCD9" box="[232,346,776,802]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="8.0">8–11 mm</quantity>
; forewing ground color brown, sometimes with darker or lighter scales scattered throughout; often one or two faint, poorly defined blackish spots in cell and sometimes with evenly spaced spots on distal half of costa and along termen at vein endings. Hindwing light brown to brown except anal margin, which is sometimes darker, fringe light brown to brown.
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC823DCFCB6FCE3FC6E" box="[734,847,892,917]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Light brown to brown. Male genitalia (
<figureCitation id="D7C011A27407FFC82438FCB6FA38FC6D" box="[1338,1428,892,918]" captionStart="FIGURES 75 – 89" captionStartId="40.[151,271,1736,1760]" captionTargetBox="[272,1315,201,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@40.[272,1315,178,1712]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 75 – 89. Male genitalia of Thyrocopa; for all figures, lower left box shows detail of uncus, lower right box shows detail of sacculus. 75. T. elikapekae, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA 60 UHIM); 76. T. epicapna, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA 81 BPBM); 77. T. geminipuncta, Molokai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 44 BPBM); 78. T. gigas, Molokai, male genitalia (slide LA 33 UHIM); 79. T. indecora, Maui, male genitalia (slide 06 B 14 BPBM); 80. T. indecora, Oahu, male genitalia (slide LA 18 BPBM); 81. T. kanaloa, Kahoolawe, male genitalia (08 A 54 BPBM); 82. T. kea, Kauai, male genitalia (slide LA 59 UHIM); 83. T. kikaelekea, Hawaii Island, male genitalia (slide 05 A 45 BPBM); 84. T. kokeensis, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 21909 BMNH); 85. T. megas, Maui, male genitalia (slide LA 73 UHIM); 86. T. neckerensis, Necker, male genitalia (slide LA 10 BPBM); 87. T. nihoa, Nihoa, male genitalia (slide LA 13 BPBM); 88. T. peleana, Oahu, male genitalia (slide # 151 BPBM); 89. T. seminatella, Kauai, male genitalia (slide 07 A 90 BPBM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/275125/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 76</figureCitation>
) with uncus scarcely cleft apically; sacculus short and tapering to sharp tip. Female genitalia typical for genus; signum long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FC25FB02FBCB" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7FC25FEF6FBF2" bold="true" box="[197,346,1007,1033]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Food plants</emphasis>
: According to
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC8230DFC3AFD50FBF1" author="Zimmerman" box="[527,764,1008,1034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
, records by
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC8228CFC3AFB2FFBF1" author="Swezey" box="[910,1155,1008,1034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Swezey, O. H. (1910 e) The feeding habits of Hawaiian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 2, 131 - 143." type="journal article" year="1910" yearSuffix="e">Swezey (1910e:138)</bibRefCitation>
of larvae at the base of grass tufts and in rotten wood may be based on misidentifications are likely are incorrect.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FBF7FDA9FBAC" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" box="[197,517,1085,1111]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7FBF7FEC6FBAC" bold="true" box="[197,362,1085,1111]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Flight Period</emphasis>
: Year-round.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFC821C7FBA9FB59FAE3" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FBA9FB59FAE3" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7FBA9FEC7FB86" bold="true" box="[197,363,1123,1149]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
: Kauai, Lanai, Kahoolawe, Maui, Hawaii, and possibly Oahu. Regarding
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82423FBAEFE28FB5F" authority="Zimmerman (1978)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82423FBAEFA39FB86" box="[1313,1429,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">epicapna</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC82195FB40FE28FB5F" author="Zimmerman" box="[151,388,1162,1188]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
wrote, “The
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC82327FB40FDF5FB5F" box="[549,601,1162,1188]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality is unknown. Meyrick had two Blackburn examples when he described the species, but no locality data are on the specimens other than’Hawaii, 1899, Blackburn.’ Perhaps the
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC821C1FB12FF5BFB09" box="[195,247,1240,1266]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
locality is on neither Kauai nor Hawaii; it might be Oahu.” I have never seen any specimens from Oahu, and if the Blackburn specimens were from Oahu, this species may no longer occur there.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFC821C7FAEFFE6EF913" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FAEFFB7DFA48" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7FAEFFE95FAC4" bold="true" box="[197,313,1317,1343]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
: No female
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC820CDFAEFFDCAFAC5" box="[463,614,1317,1342]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC820CDFAEFFDCAFAC5" box="[463,614,1317,1342]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pulverulenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were identified among the material in the BMNH. Walsingham was not sure that
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82033FA86FE31FA9E" box="[305,413,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82033FA86FE31FA9E" box="[305,413,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC820D5FA86FDC0FA9E" box="[471,620,1356,1381]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC820D5FA86FDC0FA9E" box="[471,620,1356,1381]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pulverulenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were different species but did not have enough material to decide. A specimen was found at sea level on Kauai in 1892 by Perkins, and this species still persists at sea level; it was collected at Kahului Airport in
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC82304FA53FD1BFA48" box="[518,695,1433,1459]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2000" valueMax="2003">2000 and 2003</date>
. This species also occurs at higher elevations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7FA0AFD51F98E" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
In his discussion of
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC820B2FA0AFCA6FA21" authority="Zimmerman (1978)" authorityName="Zimmerman" authorityYear="1978" box="[432,778,1472,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC820B2FA0AFDB0FA22" box="[432,540,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">epicapna</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC82321FA0AFCA6FA21" author="Zimmerman" box="[547,778,1472,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978) Insects of Hawaii, Volume 9: Microlepidoptera. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press." type="journal volume" year="1978">Zimmerman (1978)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
wrote: “A female abdomen was glued to the
<typeStatus id="9040B3857407FFC8241FFA0AFAFEFA21" box="[1309,1362,1472,1498]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">type</typeStatus>
, but it belongs to a species of a different family!
<bibRefCitation id="2B6A70D67407FFC82392FA2CFC69F9FB" author="Walsingham" box="[656,965,1510,1536]" pageId="19" pageNumber="47" refString="Walsingham, L. T. d. G. (1907 b) Microlepidoptera. In: D. Sharp (Ed), Fauna Hawaiiensis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 469 - 759." type="book chapter" year="1907" yearSuffix="b">Walsingham (1907b: 501)</bibRefCitation>
said that there were ’four specimens in poor condition’ in the Blackburn material, and he said, ’Perhaps a small form of
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82550F9C7FA92F9DC" authority="Wlsm." authorityName="Wlsm." box="[1106,1342,1549,1575]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulverulenta">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82550F9C7FB4AF9DD" box="[1106,1254,1549,1574]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">pulverulenta</emphasis>
Wlsm.
</taxonomicName>
, but the original specimens are not in sufficiently good condition for critical comparison. The Kauai and Hawaii specimens vary but appear to be
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82315F991FD7EF98E" authority="Meyr" authorityName="Meyr" box="[535,722,1627,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Oecophoridae" genus="Thyrocopa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82315F991FD2FF98F" box="[535,643,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">epicapna</emphasis>
Meyr
</taxonomicName>
…’”
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFC821C7F94BFE6EF913" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
A specimen in the Bishop Museum has a label that states “
<taxonomicName id="88FB76A47407FFC82281F94BFBDDF961" box="[899,1137,1665,1690]" class="Insecta" family="Xyloryctidae" genus="Synomotis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="epicapna">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82281F94BFBDDF961" box="[899,1137,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Synomotis epicapna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sec. T. Bl.” with another small label below: “R.C.L. Perkins collection.” I assume that this moth was collected by Blackburn, but I do not know where or when.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07E15EAC7407FFCF21C7F93FFE08FC25" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4F440D277407FFCF21C7F93FFEF2FE1C" blockId="19.[151,1438,350,2000]" lastBlockId="20.[151,1437,151,990]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC821C7F93FFDE9F8F4" bold="true" box="[197,581,1781,1807]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Additional material examined</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="37EC4DB77407FFC82354F93FFC96F8F4" box="[598,826,1781,1807]" name="United States of America" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
: HAWAII: 1 3, T. Bl. (Blackburn? See note above) (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC8219DF8D6FF5BF8CD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[159,247,1820,1846]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BPBM</collectionCode>
);
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC8200FF8D6FE2BF8CD" box="[269,391,1819,1846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1899-02-03">2 3, 1899</date>
, Blackburn (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC8231DF8D6FDD2F8CD" box="[543,638,1820,1846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82391F8D1FD4CF8CE" bold="true" box="[659,736,1819,1845]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kauai</emphasis>
: 3400’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC82247F8D6FC0AF8CD" box="[837,934,1820,1846]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.036" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="1036.0">1036 m</quantity>
], Kokee St. Park, Halemanu: 1 3,
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC82441F8D6FACCF8CD" box="[1347,1376,1820,1846]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1973-08-23">23</date>
Aug 1973, K. &amp; E. Sattler (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC820B2F888FDBEF8A7" box="[432,530,1858,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Makaweli (sea level): 1 3, 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC822B9F888FB85F8A7" box="[955,1065,1858,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1894-06">Jun 1894</date>
–
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC8253BF888FB1FF8A7" box="[1081,1203,1858,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="1895-04">Apr 1895</date>
, Perkins (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC8242CF888FA3CF8A7" box="[1326,1424,1858,1884]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82195F8A2FF4AF879" bold="true" box="[151,230,1896,1922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Lanai</emphasis>
: Kanepu’u Preserve: 1 3 (slide 07A19),
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC823FCF8A3FC00F878" box="[766,940,1897,1923]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2007-05-16">16 May 2007</date>
, M.J. Medeiros (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC82585F8A3FB4AF878" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1159,1254,1897,1923]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BPBM</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC825FFF8A2FA38F879" bold="true" box="[1277,1428,1896,1922]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Kahoolawe</emphasis>
: Hakioawa, D4 Planting Area: 1 3 (slide 08A43),
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC823E0F85AFCDBF851" box="[738,887,1936,1962]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2008-10-20">20 Oct 2008</date>
, M.J. Medeiros (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC8253DF85AFB3BF851" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1087,1175,1936,1962]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kealaikahiki, Keana Keiki beach: 2 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77407FFC82073F87CFDAAF82B" box="[369,518,1974,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" value="2008-10-21">21 Oct 2008</date>
, M.J. Medeiros (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27407FFC823CCF87CFC8AF82B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[718,806,1974,2000]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">BPBM</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357407FFC82239F87CFCD2F82B" bold="true" box="[827,894,1974,2000]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Maui</emphasis>
:
<quantity id="8803A0C27407FFC8228CF87CFC61F82B" box="[910,973,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</quantity>
, Kahului Airport, A’alele dump area: 1 3,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF21BCFF52FF71FF49" box="[190,221,152,178]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03-28">28</date>
Mar 2000, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, G.A. Samuelson,
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357400FFCF22B0FF52FC5EFF4A" box="[946,1010,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2506FF52FBCDFF49" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1028,1121,152,178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, AOA, wetland:
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2007FF74FE9EFF23" box="[261,306,190,216]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03">1 3</date>
,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2041FF74FE62FF23" box="[323,462,190,216]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-02-02">2 Feb 2000</date>
, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, J.E. Dockall, F. Starr, &amp; K. Martz (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF25CCFF74FA8BFF23" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1230,1319,190,216]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, clearing nr. Malaise site #1:
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF234BFF2FFDD9FF05" box="[585,629,228,255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03">1 3</date>
,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2386FF2FFCA6FF04" box="[644,778,229,255]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-02-02">2 Feb 2000</date>
, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, J.E. Dockall, F. Starr, &amp; K. Martz (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF21EEFEC6FEE8FEDD" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[236,324,268,294]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Crash site nr. Bike path: 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF227FFEC6FBBFFEDD" box="[893,1043,268,294]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-04-30">30 Apr 2000</date>
, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, G.A. Samuelson, A. Allison, R.E. Englund, K. Martz, &amp; F. Starr (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF227AFEF8FC7EFEB7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[888,978,306,332]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Kanaha Pond: 1 Ƥ (slide LA79),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2039FE93FE6EFE88" box="[315,450,345,371]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-02-03">3 Feb 2000</date>
, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, F. Starr, &amp; K. Martz (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF250FFE93FBC9FE88" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1037,1125,345,371]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Kanaha Pond: 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2026FE4AFE19FE61" box="[292,437,384,410]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2003-07-26">26 Jul 2003</date>
, F.G. Howarth, F. &amp; K. Starr, &amp; J. Dockall (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF22CEFE4AFB8AFE61" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[972,1062,384,410]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, nr. N. AOA fenceline: 5 3 (slides LA76 &amp; LA81),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF235EFE6CFD5EFE3B" box="[604,754,422,448]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-04-26">26 Apr 2000</date>
, F.G. Howarth, D.J. Preston, G.A. Samuelson, K. Martz, &amp; F. Starr (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF21FFFE07FEE0FE1C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[253,332,461,487]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
);
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4F440D277400FFCF21C7FE3EFE08FC25" blockId="20.[151,1437,151,990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
Kahului Airport, Kanaha Pond Res:
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2376FE3EFD0DFDF6" box="[628,673,499,526]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03">1 3</date>
,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF23B3FE3EFC93FDF5" box="[689,831,500,526]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03-02">2 Mar 2000</date>
, J. Dockall, D.J. Preston &amp; F.G. Howarth (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2435FE3EFA23FDF5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1335,1423,500,526]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Kanaha Pond Res: 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF237AFDD0FCAEFDCF" box="[632,770,538,564]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2003-07-26">26 Jul 2003</date>
, F.G. Howarth, F &amp; K Starr, J. Dockall (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF25D0FDD0FA86FDCF" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1234,1322,538,564]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Wetspot #1 near beach: 1 3,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF236AFD8BFD2AFDA0" box="[616,646,577,603]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2003-07-24">24</date>
Jul 2003, F.G. Howarth, F &amp; K Starr (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2562FD8BFB17FDA0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1120,1211,577,603]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kahului Airport, Woodland, E. end of A’alele St. Haleakala Rd.: 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2214FDA2FC0AFD79" box="[790,934,616,642]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2000-03-05">5 Mar 2000</date>
, D.J. Preston, J.E. Dockall, F. Starr, &amp; K. Martz (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF21F3FD44FEE0FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[241,332,654,680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Kula, near Copp Rd.: 1 3 (slide 04A36),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2265FD44FC50FD53" box="[871,1020,654,680]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2004-07-16">16 Jul 2004</date>
, M.J. Medeiros (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF25CFFD44FA85FD53" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[1229,1321,654,680]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
);
<emphasis id="7D8FD1357400FFCF243DFD44FF4AFD34" bold="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Hawaii Island</emphasis>
: 2600’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27400FFCF2048FD7FFE31FD34" box="[330,413,693,719]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="792.0">792 m</quantity>
], Volcanoes National Park, Ainahou Ranch: 4 3 (slide 28756
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2583FD7FFB72FD34" box="[1153,1246,693,719]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BMNH</collectionCode>
), 2 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2432FD7FFF52FD0D" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1973-06-28" valueMax="1973-07-05" valueMin="1973-06-28">28 Jun–5 Jul 1973</date>
, K. &amp; E. Sattler (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF20CEFD16FD86FD0D" box="[460,554,732,758]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Jagger Museum: 1 3 (slide 06A46),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF247DFD16FEBFFCE7" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2006-05-26">26 May 2006</date>
, M.J. Medeiros (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF20DFFCC8FD9AFCE7" box="[477,566,770,796]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/1j2n-0n2i" name="Hawaii Volcanoes National Park" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">HAVO</collectionCode>
); Kona, 4000’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27400FFCF23ECFCC8FCFDFCE7" box="[750,849,770,796]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.219" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1219.0">1219 m</quantity>
]: 2 3 (slide 9602 Clarke,
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2585FCC8FB48FCE7" box="[1159,1252,770,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BMNH</collectionCode>
),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF25FAFCC8FA3BFCE7" box="[1272,1431,770,796]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1892-08-13">13 Aug 1892</date>
, Perkins (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF2004FCE3FEC5FCB8" box="[262,361,809,835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BMNH</collectionCode>
); N. Kona, Kaloko, 500’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27400FFCF23B0FCE3FCABFCB8" box="[690,775,809,835]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="152.0">152 m</quantity>
]: 1 Ƥ (slide LA19),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2516FCE3FB03FCB8" box="[1044,1199,809,835]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="2002-01-22">22 Jan 2002</date>
, S.L. Montgomery (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF219DFC9AFF54FC91" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[159,248,848,874]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Pohakuloa Tr. Area,
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF230AFC9AFDF6FC91" box="[520,602,848,874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">MPRC</collectionCode>
control center: 1 3 (slide MJM38), 1 Ƥ,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF2553FC9AFB43FC91" box="[1105,1263,848,874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1992-12-13">13 Dec 1992</date>
, G.M. Nishida (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF219DFCBCFF56FC6B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[159,250,886,912]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
); Volcanoes National Park, Kilauea Iki Trail, 3900’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27400FFCF2281FCBCFC45FC6B" box="[899,1001,886,912]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.189" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="1189.0">1189 m</quantity>
]: 1 3,
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF253EFCBCFBF6FC6B" box="[1084,1114,886,912]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1973-06-10">10</date>
Jun 1973, K. &amp; E. Sattler (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF21A2FC57FEABFC4C" box="[160,263,925,951]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Waimea, Parker Ranch, Puu Pa, 2600’ [
<quantity id="8803A0C27400FFCF2226FC57FC2CFC4C" box="[804,896,925,951]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.92" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="792.0">792 m</quantity>
]: 1 3 (slide LA21),
<date id="3B452BE77400FFCF258EFC57FAF4FC4C" box="[1164,1368,925,951]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="1996-11-07" valueMax="1996-11-11" valueMin="1996-11-07">7–11 Nov 1996</date>
, S.L. Montgomery (
<collectionCode id="29EA95E27400FFCF203DFC0EFE3BFC25" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" box="[319,407,964,990]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">BPBM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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