262 lines
30 KiB
XML
262 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="B88AE9F70698A9A79BAFFAEBE43B5B70" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3947.3.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="11f2e8a5-1dd8-486c-a79e-8fd3bad21378" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="234924" ID-ZooBank="E8EF5DE3-A7EA-47EC-AADD-BF8BED040396" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461041139254" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Ron, Santiago R., Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo, Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, Paul David Alfonso, Rojas-Rivera, Alejandra, Lynch, Ryan L., Duarte Rocha, Carlos F. & Galarza, Gabriela" docDate="2015" docId="7810711D9B06FFE4FF5EA9A6FF5EFAB7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03947p366.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3947 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhaebo atelopoides Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza 1981, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="355" masterDocId="842909659B01FFECFFC9AA49FF8CFFC3" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the endangered toad genus Andinophryne (Anura: Bufonidae): phylogenetic position and synonymy under the genus Rhaebo" masterLastPageNumber="366" masterPageNumber="347" pageNumber="354" updateTime="1698575645411" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="450C44265518492C316F341C7B7D3A5B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="0DE44217A24DF9185E99E8D62A1D3951">
|
||
<mods:title id="31601BD4BA9158882A5C2F8CC26A7D5B">Systematics of the endangered toad genus Andinophryne (Anura: Bufonidae): phylogenetic position and synonymy under the genus Rhaebo</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="B4EC163BC0C93A3CFC88F4C252DDB06B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F3E0986C10CC1B86FBCACD25F34D8396">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="42772DB22F3A2F123D3CDBEC262BF084">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="672CD703883AF878E46F00B1ECD1D44E">Ron, Santiago R.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B04B917AB3DA61C96A16E652B750EDF8" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="B68E816B540F688AFEFB7A924950833B">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="50F0C3F86587FBD067F6CC8686D3EE52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D92C833F09CF6970BEF04E05DD0B1FEF">Mueses-Cisneros, Jonh Jairo</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A37F8B8F667DC46D3C4AFAA6A47DB0AA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="77AB4A44326703238B23F50C6B307570">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="EC5AD11AEF142FD6324DC17A8EA5AACD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="C146333C99E0EA9A4AFF62FFEEBBB322">Gutiérrez-Cárdenas, Paul David Alfonso</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="B7E1534AD59EA7CD158146B0CBDF141B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F55604172A9E8A88FB7216BA141FD7EC">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="AC152FEC005776C4365745457BF1B738">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="A6569483613CFB22A0935D77C0D478A5">Rojas-Rivera, Alejandra</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4E34840D6E60FE822E0BEF0B5D22C378" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FB5605ECA5F6B1E728F93747C5A83AC7">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A144A407C4DB234B96BE805202E11713">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="74DF2BD118AAF26817C68E2C18F29C61">Lynch, Ryan L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C295AC6F8D1214902CB456BE3AB8BB1A" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="FA4F058E9C69491D0A6DB0E1358EE250">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="E9346CE990B5DC1D0DD29C37DC978A32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="34AD6A7A2FA399336F1F423D7BB445BE">Duarte Rocha, Carlos F.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6D5BEDDF012D5CD30C4ED70083753B12" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="7BE64973DDDF866600F90E3DB0A3B9DE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BCC7121B5700A9DF498DEFF7EB4147C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DB871CCBD80E43DEDEDB75B4FA18E2F3">Galarza, Gabriela</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="610C1546164EDF768E3E7FF4F12A6AC0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F3EA7399806B110E51FE619AF2A5179D" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7CDCE84FE558E61A14A0754B7338AA86">
|
||
<mods:title id="BCD2B16D76F6ED939936EF05B3D3855B">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="653EACAAA22CC95EBA0362748C3D2D5F">
|
||
<mods:date id="6E82656BF3804D234DE844C0F318D167">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3BBCCF8464528B30CC7A06DAE9174D99" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="1641D9C6FA48D47337B9438C8EA9CEC3">3947</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="AE8685CC97999CA5E9C1E2C93446A79E" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="9B56BCA238326829A3EE0202271A2294">3</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="4384AA289CF6654CA456E782D4D81AD2" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="397A035A938B16D095804515A2CFEFBF">347</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="D3623DCE9E738203E3CA94747DA6F62D">366</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="B5B86927BE69A6CB62E46643B847E2C9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="198B0D3B833AA4533542129849E9C9A6" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3947.3.3</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D2C42A2E5799D1599686585BDC3B36FA" type="GBIF-Dataset">11f2e8a5-1dd8-486c-a79e-8fd3bad21378</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7E1F39D430A73B48812B1EEF64209550" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C9CBDBF46722738C26FDBBF7308A8DCB" type="Zenodo-Dep">234924</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7ED1A96B857E4ED9DB29D52A744B4F4C" type="ZooBank">E8EF5DE3-A7EA-47EC-AADD-BF8BED040396</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="7810711D9B06FFE4FF5EA9A6FF5EFAB7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5667811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119609762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5667811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7810711D9B06FFE4FF5EA9A6FF5EFAB7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7810711D9B06FFE4FF5EA9A6FF5EFAB7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FF76FBE8" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FC62FBC9" blockId="7.[151,1006,1007,1067]" box="[151,1006,1007,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<heading id="AB4E77679B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FC62FBC9" bold="true" box="[151,1006,1007,1034]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FC62FBC9" bold="true" box="[151,1006,1007,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FC9CFBC9" ID-CoL="795S5" authority="Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza 1981" authorityName="Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,784,1007,1034]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoides" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EA9A6FE0EFBCA" bold="true" box="[151,386,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Rhaebo atelopoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B06FFEBFE58A9B9FC85FBC9" author="Lynch" box="[401,777,1008,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1981) A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia. Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana), 33, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9FEA1629B06FFEBFCD1A9B9FC62FBC9" box="[792,1006,1008,1034]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF5EAE5BFF76FBE8" blockId="7.[151,1006,1007,1067]" box="[151,250,1042,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="6882DC8E9B06FFEBFF56AE5BFF6EFBE8" box="[159,226,1042,1067]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[150,1407,343,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,337,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Rhaebo olallai and Rhaebo atelopoides. A – E: Rhaebo olallai, from Ecuador, Provincia de Imbabura, Manduriacu. F: Rhaebo atelopoides, from Colombia, type locality. A – B: adult female, SVL = 60.0 mm. C – D: adult male (QCAZ 56576), SVL = 43.9 mm. E: metamorph showing pattern of contrasting clear lines in the dorsum. F: adult male (IAvH 278), SVL = 42.3 mm. Photographs by SRR (R. olallai) and J. D. Lynch (R. atelopoides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234930/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B06FFEBFF5EAE13FDEDFB0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF5EAE13FCF6FB6D" blockId="7.[151,1435,1114,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFF5EAE13FD1DFBB3" ID-CoL="NNZ6" authority="Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza 1981" authorityName="Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza" authorityYear="1981" box="[151,657,1114,1136]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EAE13FECBFBB3" box="[151,327,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Bufo atelopoides</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B06FFEBFE9BAE13FD1DFBB3" author="Lynch" box="[338,657,1114,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1981) A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia. Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana), 33, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B06FFEBFD56AE13FC8DFBB3" box="[671,769,1114,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: ICN 0 6373, by original designation.
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B06FFEBFB54AE12FB43FBB3" box="[1181,1231,1115,1136]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality: Quebrada Sopladero, Parque Nacional Natural de Munchique, road from Uribe to La Gallera (ca. km. 54), western slope of Cordillera Occidental, Departamento del Cauca,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="88AE809B9B06FFEBFD7CAED1FC90FB6D" box="[693,796,1176,1198]" name="Colombia" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="37416DEE9B06FFEBFCEFAED1FCFAFB6D" box="[806,886,1176,1198]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" unit="m" value="2190.0">2190 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF5EAEFFFDEDFB0F" blockId="7.[151,1435,1114,1228]" box="[151,609,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFF5EAEFFFDEDFB0F" ID-CoL="66N93" authority="Hoogmoed 1985" authorityName="Hoogmoed" authorityYear="1985" box="[151,609,1206,1228]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Andinophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EAEFFFE2DFB0F" box="[151,417,1206,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Andinophryne atelopoides</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B06FFEBFE67AEFFFDD7FB0F" author="Hoogmoed" box="[430,603,1206,1228]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1985) A new genus of toads (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pacific slopes of the Andes in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia, with the description of two new species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 59, 251 - 274." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoogmoed 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B06FFEBFF5EAEB0FEACF9F1" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF5EAEB0FE6EFABD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1273,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EAEB0FE9DFAD1" bold="true" box="[151,273,1273,1298]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
A medium sized bufonid (SVL
|
||
<quantity id="37416DEE9B06FFEBFD57AEB3FCCBFAD2" box="[670,839,1274,1298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.175" metricValueMax="4.2299999999999995" metricValueMin="4.12" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="41.75" valueMax="42.3" valueMin="41.2">41.2–42.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in males, females unknown) characterized by the absence of enlarged cephalic crests, short and rounded parotoids, extensive webbing on the toes and flanks with a row of medium sized tubercles connecting the parotoid gland with the groin. The color of its skin secretions and the size of testicles are unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFEBFF0EAFC0FEACF9F1" blockId="7.[151,1436,1273,2015]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF0EAFC0FDCBFA61" bold="true" box="[199,583,1417,1442]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFD84AFC0FCA6FA61" box="[589,810,1417,1442]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFD84AFC0FCA6FA61" box="[589,810,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Rhaebo atelopoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFC3EAFC3FBFCFA61" box="[1015,1136,1417,1442]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colomai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFC3EAFC3FB84FA62" box="[1015,1032,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFBDFAFC0FBFCFA61" box="[1046,1136,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">colomai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFB6CAFC3FA81FA61" box="[1189,1293,1417,1442]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olallai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFB6CAFC3FB3AFA62" box="[1189,1206,1418,1441]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFB0DAFC0FA81FA61" box="[1220,1293,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">olallai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, species that also have extensive webbing in the toes. It differs from both species by the presence of light dorsal marks (yellowish green in life;
|
||
<figureCitation id="6882DC8E9B06FFEBFE67AF98FE7FFA29" box="[430,499,1489,1514]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1789,1811]" captionTargetBox="[150,1407,343,1768]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[150,1436,337,1768]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 4. Dorsolateral and ventral views of Rhaebo olallai and Rhaebo atelopoides. A – E: Rhaebo olallai, from Ecuador, Provincia de Imbabura, Manduriacu. F: Rhaebo atelopoides, from Colombia, type locality. A – B: adult female, SVL = 60.0 mm. C – D: adult male (QCAZ 56576), SVL = 43.9 mm. E: metamorph showing pattern of contrasting clear lines in the dorsum. F: adult male (IAvH 278), SVL = 42.3 mm. Photographs by SRR (R. olallai) and J. D. Lynch (R. atelopoides)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/234930/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Short and rounded parotoid glands are also distinctive (elongated in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFAE8AF9BFA10FA29" box="[1313,1436,1489,1514]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colomai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFAE8AF9BFABEFA2A" box="[1313,1330,1490,1513]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFA8BAF98FA10FA29" box="[1346,1436,1489,1514]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">colomai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFF0FAFBFFEA1F9CD" box="[198,301,1525,1550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="olallai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF0FAFBFFF5BF9CE" box="[198,215,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF2DAFBCFEA1F9CD" box="[228,301,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">olallai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It further differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFDF2AFBFFD38F9CD" box="[571,692,1525,1550]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colomai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFDF2AFBFFDC0F9CE" box="[571,588,1526,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFD93AFBCFD38F9CD" box="[602,692,1525,1550]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">colomai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a weakly truncated snout in profile (slightly projected in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B06FFEBFF5EAC53FE9CF9F1" box="[151,272,1561,1586]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="colomai">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF5EAC53FF24F9F2" box="[151,168,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF7FAC50FE9CF9F1" box="[182,272,1561,1586]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">colomai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B06FFE4FF0EAC74FABDFC24" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B06FFE4FF0EAC74FEF3FE68" blockId="7.[151,1436,1273,2015]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="355" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFF0EAC74FEDDF995" bold="true" box="[199,337,1597,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on two adult males. A medium sized bufonid, SVL in males 41.2 and
|
||
<quantity id="37416DEE9B06FFEBFB1FAC77FAB0F996" box="[1238,1340,1598,1622]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2299999999999995" pageId="7" pageNumber="354" unit="mm" value="42.3">42.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(n = 2); females unknown. Head narrower than body, slightly wider than long, head width is 104.4% of head length and 47.4% of SVL; head length is 45.7% of SVL; head subacuminate in dorsal view, weakly truncated in profile; vertical fleshy fold at rostrum tip; distance between nostril and tip of the snout 73.5–75.7% of the distance from the nostril to the eye; nostril posterior to the anterior edge of the upper lip, below
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFB98AC85FA9FF926" box="[1105,1299,1740,1765]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
on slightly protruding area; nostril oval to elongated, oblique, directed laterally; area between the nostrils concave; area from tip of the snout to anterior border of eyelid concave; interorbital and occipital region flat, with numerous high rounded tubercles extending to the interparotoideal region; interorbital area much wider than the upper eyelid; upper eyelid with numerous tubercles and few spinules, internal and external border not delineated with tubercles, external border fleshy and protruding; cephalic crests absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B06FFEBFC93AD37FB94F854" box="[858,1048,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="354">canthus rostralis</emphasis>
|
||
flat and fleshy, projected into the loreal region; loreal region concave with numerous rounded and low tubercles; lips not prominent; eyes with horizontally rounded pupil; tympanum oval, visible anteriorly over 3/5 of its area, 35.5 to 37.0% of eye diameter, with a fleshy fold between the posterior corner of the eyelid and the parotoid gland; parotoid glands ovoid, pointed anteriorly, rounded posteriorly, longer than wide, elevated, without evident pores and with undulations in the outer edge; parotoid width 39.7 to 41.2% of the length of the gland and 31.0 to 32.0% of the distance between the two parotoid glands; two elevated crests are present between parotoids, from the anterior border or from mid-gland length to the posterior border; dorsal skin with abundant elevated subacuminate tubercles and spicules; oblique lateral row of 5 to 8 elevated tubercles extending from the parotoid gland to the groin, with a ventrolateral line of 6 to 13 isolated tubercles; ventral skin with abundant low tubercles, much more abundant at the tip of the gular region and the chest.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EABFCFB1AFD9E" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Forelimbs slender, long, with dorsal and ventral spicules, more abundant dorsally; length of hand is 29.9 to 34.3% of SVL; fingers basally webbed, webbing formula I1–
|
||
<date id="8407E6CB9B09FFE4FC91AB90FCEAFE31" box="[856,870,473,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">2</date>
|
||
II1.5–
|
||
<date id="8407E6CB9B09FFE4FC63AB90FC34FE31" box="[938,952,473,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">4</date>
|
||
III3–
|
||
<date id="8407E6CB9B09FFE4FC38AB90FB92FE31" box="[1009,1054,473,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">2IV</date>
|
||
, fingers thin, with fleshy tip, not swollen; Finger I much shorter than II; smooth palms, supernumerary tubercles inconspicuous, subarticular tubercles low, slightly visible; palmar and thenar tubercles evident, palmar tubercle rounded, 1.1 times larger than the elongated thenar tubercle; ulnar tubercles and ulnar fold absent; metacarpal fold absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EA821FCB4FCD3" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
Hindlimbs thin, densely tuberculate, with abundant spicules; tibia and foot length equal 37.5–40.4% and 41.1– 45.2% of SVL, respectively; toes with thin fleshy tip, not bulbous, with extensive membranes, all toes distinguishable from it; webbing formulae I0–
|
||
<date id="8407E6CB9B09FFE4FD13A8E6FD6FFD0B" box="[730,739,687,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">1</date>
|
||
II1–1.5III1–
|
||
<date id="8407E6CB9B09FFE4FCA1A8E6FCFBFD0B" box="[872,887,687,712]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">4</date>
|
||
IV3.5–2.5V; supernumerary plantar tubercles inconspicuous; subarticular tubercles ill defined; conspicuous inner metatarsal tubercle, oval, 1.2–1.3 times the size of oval external metatarsal tubercle; inner tarsal fold absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EA955FC77FCBF" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Tongue oval, much longer than wide, attached to the mouth floor anteriorly along three fifths of its length, unnotched posteriorly; choanae round, small; males with subgular vocal sac and elongated vocal slits; nuptial pads on Finger I with minute low spicules; cloacal opening directed dorsolaterally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EA9CEFABDFC24" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FF0EA9CEFE16FC63" bold="true" box="[199,410,903,928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
dorsum brown with green to yellowish green marks; venter cream with a greenish tone and brown reticulations; posterior areas of thighs brown with yellow dots; anal patch black; iris yellow above, gray below, with a mid-horizontal reddish brown band and black reticulations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B09FFE4FC1BA986FAA8FC24" author="Lynch" box="[978,1316,975,1000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1981) A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia. Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana), 33, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch & Ruíz-Carranza 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B09FFE4FF0EA9BAFAB0FB27" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EA9BAFAF7FB97" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FF0EA9BAFD8AFBCF" bold="true" box="[199,518,1011,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B09FFE4FCE6A9BDFCD3FBCF" box="[815,863,1012,1036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in Munchique Natural National Park, Departamento de Cauca,
|
||
<quantity id="37416DEE9B09FFE4FE7EAE5EFD82FBEC" box="[439,526,1047,1071]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" unit="m" value="2190.0">2190 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level. The area where the species was collected was very humid and covered by primary forest. Individuals were captured next to a highway and on vegetation
|
||
<quantity id="37416DEE9B09FFE4FB47AE72FB5FFB90" box="[1166,1235,1083,1107]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
above ground.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EAE16FAB0FB27" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FF0EAE16FE37FBBB" bold="true" box="[199,443,1119,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
The species has not been found after the collection of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B09FFE4FB8AAE29FBFFFBBB" box="[1091,1139,1120,1144]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material (two individuals) in 1980. Searches at the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B09FFE4FE62AECDFE57FB5F" box="[427,475,1156,1180]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality and nearby sites by F.J. López-López in 2003 were unsuccessful. Because of its restricted extent of occurrence, limited number of known localities and absence of records since 1980, we suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B09FFE4FEEAAE85FE4FFB27" box="[291,451,1227,1252]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhaebo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atelopoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FEEAAE85FEB8FB20" box="[291,308,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">R</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FE8BAE82FE4FFB27" box="[322,451,1227,1252]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">atelopoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned to the Critically Endangered category (CR) under criteria B1a,b(v).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B8A393809B09FFE4FF0EAEA6FF5EFAB7" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F006C00B9B09FFE4FF0EAEA6FF5EFAB7" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,1396]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FF0EAEA6FEB7FACB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1263,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B09FFE4FE8EAEA6FD45FACB" author="Lynch" box="[327,713,1263,1288]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1981) A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia. Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana), 33, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
assigned this species to the “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B09FFE4FBFAAEA6FB72FAC4" box="[1075,1278,1263,1287]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Bufo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FBFAAEA6FB72FAC4" box="[1075,1278,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Bufo margaritifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” (=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B09FFE4FAF4AEA6FEA2FAE8" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="margaritifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FAF4AEA6FEA2FAE8" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Rhinella margaritifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) group.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B09FFE4FE53AF5AFDE2FAEF" author="Hoogmoed" box="[410,622,1299,1324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" refString="Hoogmoed, M. S. (1985) A new genus of toads (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from the Pacific slopes of the Andes in northern Ecuador and southern Colombia, with the description of two new species. Zoologische Mededelingen, 59, 251 - 274." type="journal article" year="1985">Hoogmoed (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
transferred it to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="37B9BB889B09FFE4FC77AF5AFBD0FAEF" box="[958,1116,1299,1324]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Andinophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2CD1C199B09FFE4FC77AF5AFBD0FAEF" box="[958,1116,1299,1324]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="355">Andinophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9428BDFA9B09FFE4FBB9AF5AFF6DFA93" author="Lynch" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Ruiz-Carranza, P. M. (1981) A new species of toad (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Cordillera Occidental in southern Colombia. Lozania (Acta Zoologica Colombiana), 33, 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1981">Lynch and Ruíz-Carranza (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
provide a description and drawings of
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B09FFE4FD68AF7EFC8FFA93" box="[673,771,1335,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(dorsal view) and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="2F027EA99B09FFE4FBCCAF71FBE9FA93" box="[1029,1125,1336,1360]" pageId="8" pageNumber="355" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(pectoral girdle, hands and feet).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |