285 lines
30 KiB
XML
285 lines
30 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6C345AF86E46399F1FBF19EC59AA684F">Taxonomy of some little-understood North American ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B1D05D1B10FBF0735CCD75BB0E0BA4D6">2016</mods:date>
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF892339FF3C9B1BFE1A7652" bold="true" box="[151,478,1554,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Aphaenogaster boulderensis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(
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)
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF892339FDA49B3FFD597636" box="[527,669,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">boulderensis</emphasis>
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: 120
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.
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worker and
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,
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(as
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),
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[
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(
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) (
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of
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) [https://www.antweb.org/specimen/FMNHINS0000062660].
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<emphasis id="B938840FFF892339FF6C9BABFD9376C2" box="[199,599,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Aphaenogaster boulderensis smithi</emphasis>
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: 171
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.
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worker and
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,
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of
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<location id="8E930EC6FF892339FF3C9BCFFF0B76A6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E5E90BFF89233AFF3C9B1BFCE273F9:8E930EC6FF892339FF3C9BCFFF0B76A6" box="[151,207,1734,1759]" county="New" latitude="33.683334" longLatPrecision="1204" longitude="-105.916664" municipality="Carrizozo" name="Fires" pageId="1" pageNumber="11" stateProvince="New Mexico">Fires</location>
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(as the
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), near
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[
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],
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New
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</collectingRegion>
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(
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FBCB9BCEFB2576A6" box="[1120,1249,1734,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">C.P. Stroud</collectorName>
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) (
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FB5C9BCFFA5876A7" box="[1271,1436,1734,1759]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Field Museum</collectorName>
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of
|
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FF689BE3FE45777A" box="[195,385,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Natural History</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FE319BE2FE38777B" box="[410,508,1771,1794]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Museum</collectorName>
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of
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FD969BE3FC87777A" box="[573,835,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Comparative Zoology</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FCF79BE3FBF7777B" box="[860,1075,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">National Museum</collectorName>
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of
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FBDE9BE3FAF0777A" box="[1141,1332,1770,1795]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Natural History</collectorName>
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) [http:// mczbase.mcz.harvard.edu/guid/
|
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<collectionCode id="ED5DC0D8FF892339FE559A07FDFA775E" box="[510,574,1806,1831]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">MCZ</collectionCode>
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:
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<collectorName id="26B93DCBFF892339FDEA9A07FDAE775E" box="[577,618,1806,1831]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Ent</collectorName>
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:28232]
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<collectingCounty id="62922091FF892339FD6F9A06FD3D775F" box="[708,761,1807,1830]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">New</collectingCounty>
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synonym.
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<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF892339FF6C9A3BFE3D7732" box="[199,505,1842,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF892339FF6C9A3BFE3D7732" box="[199,505,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Aphaengaster boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF892339FD679A3BFCA67732" author="Smith" box="[716,866,1842,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="11" refString="Smith, M. R. (1941) Two new species of Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Great Basin Naturalist, 2, 118 - 121." type="journal article" year="1941">Smith (1941)</bibRefCitation>
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based on a series of workers from Sentinel
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<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF892339FAFC9A3BFA5F7732" box="[1367,1435,1842,1867]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
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(as Horseshoe
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF892339FE979A5FFE417716" box="[316,389,1878,1903]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
), Lake Mead,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF892339FD8D9A5FFDBB7716" box="[550,639,1878,1903]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
. It is a distinctive member of the North American ant fauna, being one of the few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF892339FEA49A73FE7C77EA" box="[271,440,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF892339FEA49A73FE7C77EA" box="[271,440,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="11">Aphaenogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species that lacks propodeal spines (the propodeal angle being rounded and with at most a pair of low ridges). It is also characterized by its relatively elongate head and mesosoma and yellowish-brown body color, with the gaster darker in some specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8A233AFF6C9D9EFEE87341" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8A233AFF6C9D9EFAC3711C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
The subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFED39D91FDB570C9" box="[376,625,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="boulderensis" subSpecies="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFED39D91FDB570C9" box="[376,625,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8A233AFCFB9D91FC1E70C9" author="Greg" box="[848,986,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" refString="Gregg, R. E. (1949) A new ant from southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 51, 171 - 174." type="journal article" year="1949">Greg (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for workers from the Valley of Fires (as the Malpais Lava Beds), near Carrizozo,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFDC99DB4FD3C70AC" box="[610,760,188,213]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8A233AFD359DB5FD3C70AC" box="[670,760,188,213]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFD359DB5FD3C70AC" box="[670,760,188,213]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Gregg noted it was different from typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFB799DB5FABB70AC" box="[1234,1407,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFB799DB5FABB70AC" box="[1234,1407,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a longer and more tapered head, a more elongate mesosoma with a shorter propodeum, and heavier sculpturing giving it a more opaque appearance when compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFC069C0DFB9A7164" box="[941,1118,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFC069C0DFB9A7164" box="[941,1118,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the propodeal angle has more noticeable ridges, it lacks a minute spine on the anteroventral surface of the petiole, and it is a richer red color with a uniformly black gaster (the black extending onto the postpetiole in some specimens).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8A233AFF6C9C66FEE87341" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Neither
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFE8D9C79FE1C71F1" box="[294,472,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFE8D9C79FE1C71F1" box="[294,472,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nor
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFDBF9C79FDB871F1" box="[532,636,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFDBF9C79FDB871F1" box="[532,636,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is frequently collected and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFC629C66FB0671F1" box="[969,1218,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFC629C66FB0671F1" box="[969,1218,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Aphaenogaster smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has received little mention in the published literature since its description. However, the scanty material available provides little support for the separation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFE709CB1FDFA71A9" box="[475,574,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFE709CB1FDFA71A9" box="[475,574,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFDDE9CB1FCE671A9" box="[629,802,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFDDE9CB1FCE671A9" box="[629,802,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Of the characters used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFDD25ECFF8A233AFBFF9CB1FB2471A9" author="Greg" box="[1108,1248,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" refString="Gregg, R. E. (1949) A new ant from southwestern United States (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 51, 171 - 174." type="journal article" year="1949">Greg (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the shape of the head differs only slightly between specimens identified as belonging to these taxa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13774498FF8A233AFB209CD5FB17718D" box="[1163,1235,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1704,1728]" captionTargetBox="[257,1320,951,1668]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[257,1320,951,1668]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Head length versus head width (in mm) for specimens identified as A. boulderensis and A. smithi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/160281/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFA999CD5FA58718C" box="[1330,1436,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFA999CD5FA58718C" box="[1330,1436,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens averaging slightly wider for a given head length when compared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFBC99F09FAD07261" box="[1122,1300,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFBC99F09FAD07261" box="[1122,1300,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens. Likewise, mesosoma length, propodeal structure, and sculpture all show considerable overlap, especially in smaller specimens. Gaster color has also been reported as being useful in segregating specimens into two forms. However, this color pattern appears to form an east-west cline, with western populations (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFBA59F65FBA972FC" box="[1038,1133,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFBD39F65FB0B72FC" box="[1144,1231,620,645]" country="United States of America" name="Nevada" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Nevada</collectingRegion>
|
||
) having the gaster similar in color to the mesosoma while more eastern specimens (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFCD69F86FC1F72D1" box="[893,987,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFC429F99FBBA72D1" box="[1001,1150,655,680]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8A233AFB8D9F86FBBA72D1" box="[1062,1150,655,680]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFB8D9F86FBBA72D1" box="[1062,1150,655,680]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFB209F99FB0B72DE" box="[1163,1231,656,679]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFB779F86FA9372D1" box="[1244,1367,655,680]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
) have the gaster much darker red-black. Given the limited evidence, we believe these two morphs are most probably representatives of a single taxon, with western populations having a slightly narrower head and paler gaster while eastern forms have a slightly broader head and darker gaster.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFCF19FF5FC04736C" box="[858,960,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="smithi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFCF19FF5FC04736C" box="[858,960,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. smithi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is thus best regarded as a synonym of
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFA2F9FF5FEE87341" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFA2F9FF5FEED7341" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">A. boulderensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3560B96FF8A233AFF6C9E4DFCE273F9" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF3581DFF8A233AFF6C9E4DFCE273F9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B245240FF8A233AFF6C9E4DFCE673F9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1316541023" country="Mexico" location="Baja California" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Baja California">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C4C239EFF8A233AFF6C9E4DFEB87324" box="[199,380,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaengaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boulderensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B938840FFF8A233AFF6C9E4DFEB87324" box="[199,380,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">A. boulderensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8A233AFDE49E4DFD607324" box="[591,676,836,861]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFD179E4DFCB17324" box="[700,885,836,861]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Baja
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFCAB9E4DFCB17324" box="[768,885,836,861]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFC239E4DFBC77324" box="[904,1027,836,861]" country="Mexico" name="Chihuahua" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Chihuahua</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and the United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F35B188DFF8A233AFD879E6EFD4073F9" box="[556,644,871,896]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="498896FFFF8A233AFD879E6EFD4073F9" box="[556,644,871,896]" country="Mexico" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Texas, Utah)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |