408 lines
46 KiB
XML
408 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="EBA7EA818A6D1110F746C74E94577680">Phylogeny, classification and biogeography of Philotheca sect. Erionema (Rutaceae) based on nrDNA sequences</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F789FB5BDDB67D4F7701E9D1B927A985">Batty, Erin L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B2FC1597C2F3248FC0FBDD986844DB9">Holmes, Gareth D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0A1472F131F2C307386437784A768FD8">Murphy, Daniel J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5C74C66E156AC4063616840852578219">Forster, Paul I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B1BFE8707C1E4DBF4EF09F5729B4EE61">Neal, Will C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="040C7F7B786CD44F5503C5D3F22ACD82">Bayly, Michael J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="FC8A3C80604FD4066C3843B15450E372">Australian Systematic Botany</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D6D4FCD6BC7410C043E3A98C64F7DB1D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="58F27867DD1FD30914E5211889940089">2022-09-16</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F787B6BD4EFFB0FF4A0244FA6D846C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F787B6BD4EFFB0FF4A0244FA6D846C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787B6BD4EFFB0FF4A0244FA6D846C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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<subSubSection id="C344652BBD4EFFB1FF4A0244FEAD83ED" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FF4A0244FEAD83ED" blockId="10.[98,770,1614,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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<heading id="D0A981CCBD4EFFB1FF4A0244FEAD83ED" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" reason="9">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FF4A0244FEAD83ED" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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The status of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FEF00244FDF4830A" ID-CoL="4GDD3" authorityName="Rozefelds" box="[312,566,1614,1642]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FEF00244FDF4830A" bold="true" box="[312,566,1614,1642]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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warrants further investigation
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C344652BBD4EFFB1FF4A029EFBD5846C" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FF4A029EFBD5846C" blockId="10.[98,770,1614,1932]" lastBlockId="10.[818,1490,180,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FF4A029EFEA683CC" ID-CoL="4GDD3" authorityName="Rozefelds" box="[130,356,1684,1708]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FF4A029EFEA683CC" bold="true" box="[130,356,1684,1708]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4EFFB1FDFD029EFCC083CC" author="Rozefelds AC" box="[565,770,1684,1708]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref8929" refString="Rozefelds AC (2001 a) The Tasmanian species of Philotheca. Muelleria 15, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Rozefelds (2001
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FD22029EFD3583CB" bold="true" box="[746,759,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">a</emphasis>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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for populations from Freycinet Peninsula,
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<collectingRegion id="499AF842BD4EFFB1FD8D02BEFD7383AC" box="[581,689,1716,1740]" country="Australia" name="Tasmania" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Tasmania</collectingRegion>
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(Tas.), that were previously included in the more widespread species
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FF5A02FEFEDA826B" ID-CoL="76YY7" authorityName="(A.Rich.) Paul G.Wilson" box="[146,280,1780,1803]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FF5A02FEFEDA826B" bold="true" box="[146,280,1780,1803]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. verrucosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4EFFB1FE9F02FEFE21826C" author="Wilson PG" box="[343,483,1780,1804]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" pagination="3 - 155" refId="ref9112" refString="Wilson PG (1970) A taxonomic revision of the genera Crowea, Eriostemon and Phebalium (Rutaceae). Nuytsia 1, 3 - 155." type="journal article" year="1970">Wilson 1970</bibRefCitation>
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; as
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FDC602FEFF7B824C" ID-CoL="3B6TJ" authority="A. Rich." authorityName="A. Rich." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Eriostemon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosus">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FDC602FEFCC3826B" bold="true" box="[526,769,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Eriostemon verrucosus</emphasis>
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A.Rich.
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4EFFB1FF04031EFE5B824C" author="Rozefelds AC" box="[204,409,1812,1836]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" pagination="19 - 26" refId="ref8929" refString="Rozefelds AC (2001 a) The Tasmanian species of Philotheca. Muelleria 15, 19 - 26." type="journal article" year="2001">
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Rozefelds (2001
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FE4A031EFE4D824B" bold="true" box="[386,399,1812,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">a</emphasis>
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||
)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
distinguished
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FDF6031EFD06824C" ID-CoL="4GDD3" authorityName="Rozefelds" box="[574,708,1812,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FDF6031EFD06824C" bold="true" box="[574,708,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FFAA033EFF2D822B" ID-CoL="76YY7" authorityName="(A.Rich.) Paul G.Wilson" box="[98,239,1844,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FFAA033EFF2D822B" bold="true" box="[98,239,1844,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. verrucosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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on the basis of habit, leaf size and anther apex shape. Because of its limited distribution and small population sizes,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FEEF037EFE6F82EC" ID-CoL="4GDD3" authorityName="Rozefelds" box="[295,429,1908,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FEEF037EFE6F82EC" bold="true" box="[295,429,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is listed as Endangered under both Australia’s
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC3004BEFC31858C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act</emphasis>
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1999 and Tasmania’s
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB3404D9FC0D846C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Threatened Species Protection Act</emphasis>
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1995.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C344652BBD4EFFB0FC9A051EFA6D846C" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FC9A051EFB2087AC" blockId="10.[818,1490,180,716]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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Our analysis placed the single sample of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FAD3051EFA62844C" box="[1307,1440,276,300]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FAD3051EFA62844C" bold="true" box="[1307,1440,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a clade with weak–moderate support (
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<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4EFFB1FB06053EFB2C842C" box="[1230,1262,308,332]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">PP</collectionCode>
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0.90, BS 74%) with samples of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FC72055EFB84840B" box="[954,1094,340,363]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC72055EFB84840B" bold="true" box="[954,1094,340,363]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. verrucosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Vic. and Tas. There is low sequence variation among samples in this clade and the
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<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4EFFB1FA72057EFA1084EB" box="[1466,1490,372,395]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13366" name="Istituto Ortobotanico" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" type="Herbarium">BI</collectionCode>
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consensus tree suggests that
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FB4C059EFACC84CB" box="[1156,1294,403,427]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB4C059EFACC84CB" bold="true" box="[1156,1294,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be nested within
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FC4F05BEFBD184AB" box="[903,1043,436,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC4F05BEFBD184AB" bold="true" box="[903,1043,436,459]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. verrucosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although with little support (
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<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4EFFB1FA4A05BEFA6084AC" box="[1410,1442,436,460]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">PP</collectionCode>
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74, BS <50%). Given this result, and that morphological differences between the two species are slight (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4EFFB1FAEF05FEFA03876C" author="Duretto MF" box="[1319,1473,500,524]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" pagination="1" refId="ref8499" refString="Duretto MF (2009) Rutaceae, version 2019: 1. In ' Flora of Tasmania online'. (Ed. MF de Salas) (Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery: Hobart, Tas., Australia) Available at https: // flora. tmag. tas. gov. au / treatments / rutaceae /" type="book chapter" year="2009">Duretto 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), their relationships and genetic distinctiveness are worthy of further investigation. This seems especially worthwhile given the conservation listings of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FB6B065EFAEB870B" box="[1187,1321,595,619]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="freyciana">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB6B065EFAEB870B" bold="true" box="[1187,1321,595,619]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. freyciana</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and the potential conservation funding that might be spent to preserve it. Such a study, using additional samples and genetic markers, is currently underway (
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<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4EFFB1FBD206BEFBF487AC" box="[1050,1078,692,716]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
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. Neal in prep.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FC9906F4FA8C867A" blockId="10.[818,1490,766,1529]" box="[849,1358,766,794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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||
<heading id="D0A981CCBD4EFFB1FC9906F4FA8C867A" bold="true" box="[849,1358,766,794]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" reason="9">
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<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC9906F4FA8C867A" bold="true" box="[849,1358,766,794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Implementation of taxonomic changes</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FC9A072BFA668099" blockId="10.[818,1490,766,1529]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
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Although our results highlight the need for several taxonomic changes in sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FBAF074BFB0D8639" bold="true" box="[1127,1231,833,857]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
, these changes are not formally implemented here. One reason for this is that further morphological study is needed to assist with the delimitation of some taxa that are identified here on genetic grounds; this particularly applies to the two genetic groups within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FCFA07E8FB068699" box="[818,1220,993,1017]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="myoporoides" subSpecies="myoporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA07E8FC1C8699" bold="true" box="[818,990,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FBF207EBFB068699" bold="true" box="[1082,1220,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to recognising the northern populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FB940008FAE58179" box="[1116,1319,1025,1049]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glasshousiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB940008FAE58179" bold="true" box="[1116,1319,1025,1049]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. glasshousiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species. The other reason is that the generic circumscription of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FC98004BFC018139" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[848,963,1089,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC98004BFC018139" bold="true" box="[848,963,1089,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is uncertain and we would prefer not to create new names or combinations for taxa until that is resolved. Our unpublished data, and previous studies (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4EFFB1FB35008BFA0081F9" author="Bayly MJ & Holmes GD & Forster PI & Cantrill DJ & Ladiges PY" box="[1277,1474,1153,1177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" pagination="72493" refId="ref8310" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbc L and atp B sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bayly
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FA8D0088FAB581F9" bold="true" box="[1349,1399,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), strongly suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FBD300ABFB4C81D9" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1051,1166,1185,1209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FBD300ABFB4C81D9" bold="true" box="[1051,1166,1185,1209]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not monophyletic but relationships of the four sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FB5C00CBFAC581B9" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[1172,1287,1217,1241]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB5C00CBFAC581B9" bold="true" box="[1172,1287,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to each other and to related genera are yet to be clarified. It is possible that sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA010BFC588079" bold="true" box="[818,922,1281,1305]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
might be recognised as a genus distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FCFA012BFC678059" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[818,933,1313,1337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA012BFC678059" bold="true" box="[818,933,1313,1337]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Some of us (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4EFFB1FBF7012BFBB08059" box="[1087,1138,1313,1337]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">MJB</collectionCode>
|
||
and collaborators) are working to resolve relationships of this group and to propose a revised generic classification. Our intention is that new names or combinations for members of sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB1B018BFAF980F9" bold="true" box="[1235,1339,1409,1433]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
(e.g. raising the segregate subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FBA201A8FAD780D9" baseAuthorityName="Rozefelds" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[1130,1301,1441,1465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="myoporoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FBA201A8FAD780D9" bold="true" box="[1130,1301,1441,1465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to species rank) would be published as part of that work, rather than creating additional, potentially briefly used names in the interim.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB1FCFA022BFB0D835D" blockId="10.[818,1231,1569,1597]" box="[818,1231,1569,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<heading id="D0A981CCBD4EFFB1FCFA022BFB0D835D" bold="true" box="[818,1231,1569,1597]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" reason="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA022BFB0D835D" bold="true" box="[818,1231,1569,1597]" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Implications for biogeography</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4EFFB0FCFA025EFE8D840C" blockId="10.[818,1495,1620,1932]" lastBlockId="11.[98,770,180,1932]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="337" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
|
||
The relationships resolved here in sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FACC025EFAAE830C" bold="true" box="[1284,1388,1620,1644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
indicate some interesting biogeographic patterns. These include: (1) the disjunction between western and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497630BD4EFFB1FAA5029EFA1083CC" box="[1389,1490,1684,1708]" name="Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FC6902B9FB9D83AB" box="[929,1119,1715,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="brucei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC6902B9FB9D83AB" bold="true" box="[929,1119,1715,1739]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">Philotheca brucei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all other taxa); (2) the presence of potential deep geographical overlaps of two eastern clades (i.e. the pedunculate clade and the
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FAF202FEFBA4824C" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FAF202FEFA7A826C" box="[1338,1464,1780,1804]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FAF202FEFA7A826C" bold="true" box="[1338,1464,1780,1804]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. obovalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FCFA031EFC1B824B" box="[818,985,1811,1835]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trachyphylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA031EFC1B824B" bold="true" box="[818,985,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. trachyphylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FC35031EFBA4824C" box="[1021,1126,1812,1836]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FC35031EFBA4824C" bold="true" box="[1021,1126,1812,1836]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. virgata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
clade); (3) early and substantial divergence of a south-eastern Qld lineage (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB32033EFC31820C" bold="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FB32033EFA7A822B" box="[1274,1464,1843,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glasshousiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FB32033EFA7A822B" bold="true" box="[1274,1464,1843,1867]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. glasshousiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4EFFB1FCFA035EFC31820C" box="[818,1011,1876,1900]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="10" pageNumber="336" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="queenslandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4EFFB1FCFA035EFC31820C" bold="true" box="[818,1011,1876,1900]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="336">P. queenslandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) within the pedunculate clade; (4) two distinct connections between the mainland and Tas. (i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FFAA04BEFF2F85AB" box="[98,237,180,203]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="verrucosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FFAA04BEFF2F85AB" bold="true" box="[98,237,180,203]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. verrucosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FEE504BEFE5985AC" box="[301,411,180,204]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virgata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FEE504BEFE5985AC" bold="true" box="[301,411,180,204]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. virgata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, both in separate clades in the phylogeny); and (5) striking geographic disjunction between the sister taxa
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FECF04FEFD98846B" box="[263,602,244,268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="myoporoides" subSpecies="petraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FECF04FEFE73846C" bold="true" box="[263,433,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDC104FEFD98846B" bold="true" box="[521,602,244,267]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">petraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FD5E04FEFCC3846C" box="[662,769,244,268]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FD5E04FEFCC3846C" bold="true" box="[662,769,244,268]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. epilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B45BD4FFFB0FFB1051EFF11844C" box="[121,211,276,300]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" unit="km" value="900.0">900 km</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13652A25BD4FFFB0FF28051EFE83844C" box="[224,321,276,300]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[169,206,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,185,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-2@6.[169,1418,184,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Distributions of taxa of Philotheca sect. Erionema. Maps are based on those of Wilson (2013) and Rozefelds (2001a, 2001b) plus our examination of herbarium material. Note that infraspecific taxa for P. buxifolia, P. brucei and P. scabra are not mapped separately." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10904185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10904185/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FED7051EFEE8844B" bold="true" box="[287,298,276,299]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">c</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FEF2051EFE83844C" bold="true" box="[314,321,276,300]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">j</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), and between the northern populations of
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FF4C053EFEB5842B" bold="true" box="[132,375,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FF4C053EFE8B842B" box="[132,329,307,331]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glasshousiensis">P. glasshousiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21957C9BD4FFFB0FE9F0539FEB5842B" box="[343,375,307,331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FE72053EFCC3842B" box="[442,769,307,332]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="myoporoides" subSpecies="acuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FE72053EFDA5842B" bold="true" box="[442,615,307,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FD0D053EFCC3842B" bold="true" box="[709,769,308,331]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">acuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="4CA69B45BD4FFFB0FFB2055EFF11840C" box="[122,211,340,364]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" unit="km" value="850.0">850 km</quantity>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="13652A25BD4FFFB0FF16055EFEFD840C" box="[222,319,340,364]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[169,206,1783,1806]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,185,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-2@6.[169,1418,184,1752]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 1. Distributions of taxa of Philotheca sect. Erionema. Maps are based on those of Wilson (2013) and Rozefelds (2001a, 2001b) plus our examination of herbarium material. Note that infraspecific taxa for P. buxifolia, P. brucei and P. scabra are not mapped separately." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10904185" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10904185/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FED3055EFEEA840C" bold="true" box="[283,296,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">d</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FEFF055EFEFD840C" bold="true" box="[311,319,340,364]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">f</emphasis>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4FFFB0FF4A057EFEFC87CC" blockId="11.[98,770,180,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
The seeds from members of sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDC6057EFDB484EC" bold="true" box="[526,630,372,396]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
usually fall within a few metres of the parent and, unlike those from other sections of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FEFC05B9FE6584AB" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[308,423,435,459]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FEFC05B9FE6584AB" bold="true" box="[308,423,435,459]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, have no distinctive features to promote dispersal by animals (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FE3C05DEFD6D848C" author="Armstrong JA" box="[500,687,468,492]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" refId="ref8152" refString="Armstrong JA (1991) Studies on pollination and systematics in the Australian Rutaceae. PhD thesis, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia." type="book" year="1991">Armstrong 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FD0B05DEFF59876C" author="Bayly MJ" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" refId="ref8260" refString="Bayly MJ (2001) A cladistic and biogeographic analysis of Philotheca (Rutaceae) and allied genera. PhD thesis, The University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia. Available at https: // minerva-access. unimelb. edu. au / handle / 11343 / 37369" type="url" year="2001">Bayly 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It thus seems likely that long-distance dispersal has not been of major importance in the history of the group and that biogeographic patterns have mostly been shaped by vegetation shifts associated with past climatic and geological changes and a history of differentiation of allopatric taxa through vicariance.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4FFFB0FF4A06BEFDBE830C" blockId="11.[98,770,180,1932]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
The ages of divergences within sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDE406BEFD5687AC" bold="true" box="[556,660,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
have not been estimated via molecular dating but some inferences can be made from previous work. We have not attempted molecular divergence dating here because fossils most suitable for calibration sit outside the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FDE2073EFD52862B" box="[554,656,820,843]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FD68073EFF1E860C" author="Pfeil BE & Crisp MD" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" pagination="1621 - 1631" refId="ref8850" refString="Pfeil BE, Crisp MD (2008) The age and biogeography of Citrus and the orange subfamily (Rutaceae: Aurantioideae) in Australasia and New Caledonia. American Journal of Botany 95, 1621 - 1631. doi: 10.3732 / ajb. 0800214" type="journal article" year="2008">Pfeil and Crisp 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FF22075EFE64860C" author="Bayly MJ & Holmes GD & Forster PI & Cantrill DJ & Ladiges PY" box="[234,422,852,876]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" pagination="72493" refId="ref8310" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbc L and atp B sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bayly
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FEE7075EFE9C860C" bold="true" box="[303,350,852,876]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in taxa to which alignment of ITS and ETS markers is problematic and therefore likely to lead to spurious results. Nonetheless, the previous dating study of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FF0007BEFE6286AC" author="Bayly MJ & Holmes GD & Forster PI & Cantrill DJ & Ladiges PY" box="[200,416,948,972]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" pagination="72493" refId="ref8310" refString="Bayly MJ, Holmes GD, Forster PI, Cantrill DJ, Ladiges PY (2013) Major clades of Australasian Rutoideae (Rutaceae) based on rbc L and atp B sequences. PLoS One 8, e 72493. doi: 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0072493" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Bayly
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FED907BEFE8086AC" bold="true" box="[273,322,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2013)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, based on chloroplast markers that display a more conservative rate of change (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FD5607D9FD02868B" bold="true" box="[670,704,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">rcb</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FD0807DEFD0F868B" box="[704,717,980,1003]" country="Netherlands" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FFAA07FEFF46816B" bold="true" box="[98,132,1012,1035]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">atp</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FF4C07FEFF55816C" box="[132,151,1012,1036]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15534" name="Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Zentraleinrichtung der Freien Universitaet" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">B</collectionCode>
|
||
), did include one member of sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDAF07FEFD0D816C" bold="true" box="[615,719,1012,1036]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FD2407FEFF06814C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FD2407FEFF06814C" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and representatives of the other three subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FF4B0039FF34812B" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[131,246,1075,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FF4B0039FF34812B" bold="true" box="[131,246,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including two samples of subg.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FDB60039FD33812B" baseAuthorityName="Wilson" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[638,753,1075,1099]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDB60039FD33812B" bold="true" box="[638,753,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Philotheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The genus was not resolved as monophyletic in that study and relationships within the group were poorly supported, which, apart from other uncertainties regarding calibrations and mutation rate estimation, clouds understanding of divergence times. The branch connecting
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FE3A00DEFDB2818C" box="[498,624,1236,1260]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="buxifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FE3A00DEFDB2818C" bold="true" box="[498,624,1236,1260]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. buxifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to other taxa in the tree, i.e. a possible stem age for sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FD9600FEFD04806C" bold="true" box="[606,710,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
, was 18–34 Ma (mean 28 Ma). The crown age for the section could be much younger than this, but this estimate at least allows the possibility that sect.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FE49015EFE2B800C" bold="true" box="[385,489,1364,1388]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Erionema</emphasis>
|
||
dates to the Paleogene.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FFAA017EFFB180EC" box="[98,115,1396,1420]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
Paleogene age would be consistent with a vicariant separation of western and eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497630BD4FFFB0FE0B019EFDE880CC" box="[451,554,1428,1452]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, potentially in the mid Miocene, as inferred for a range of other plant groups of the temperate mesic zone (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCF4B51BD4FFFB0FE1901DEFD10808C" author="Crisp MD & Cook LG" box="[465,722,1492,1516]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" pagination="1106 - 117" refId="ref8461" refString="Crisp MD, Cook LG (2007) A congruent molecular signature of vicariance across multiple plant lineages. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43, 1106 - 117. doi: 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2007.02.030" type="journal article" year="2007">Crisp and Cook 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FD3901DEFCC0808C" box="[753,770,1492,1516]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
history on that timescale could also help to account for the presence of highly disjunct, potentially relictual lineages in south-eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3497630BD4FFFB0FF35023EFEA6832C" box="[253,356,1588,1612]" name="Australia" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the presence of multiple, deeply diverged but geographically overlapping clades.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE136A0BD4FFFB0FF4A027EFA6D846C" blockId="11.[98,770,180,1932]" lastBlockId="11.[818,1490,180,268]" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">
|
||
The suggested relationship between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FDC6027EFF7183CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="myoporoides" subSpecies="petraea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FDC6027EFD7483EB" bold="true" box="[526,694,1651,1675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. myoporoides</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FFAA029EFF7183CB" bold="true" box="[98,179,1684,1707]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">petraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FF38029EFE9E83CB" box="[240,348,1683,1707]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="epilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FF38029EFE9E83CB" bold="true" box="[240,348,1683,1707]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">P. epilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is particularly remarkable, given not just the distance between them, but also the presence of other members of the section in intervening areas. Despite the substantial distance, a relationship between the two taxa is morphologically plausible as they show a strong resemblance in leaf shape and size, as also noted by
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FDD9033EFDDE822B" box="[529,540,1844,1867]" country="Romania" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14415" name="&quot;Alexandru Ioan Cuza&quot; University" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">I</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FDEF033EFDF8822C" box="[551,570,1844,1868]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
|
||
. Clarke in annotations on one of the only two herbarium specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5E4D23BD4FFFB0FD76035EFF7182EB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Philotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="myoporoides" subSpecies="petraea">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B92AEAB2BD4FFFB0FFAA037EFF7182EB" bold="true" box="[98,179,1908,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="337">petraea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FF0E037EFF3882EC" box="[198,250,1908,1932]" country="Nicaragua" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/hd8z-yxxc" name="Museo Entomologico de Leon" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Museum or Herbarium: Private non-profit">MEL</collectionCode>
|
||
2030756
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4FAE65BD4FFFB0FEA3037EFEBD82EC" box="[363,383,1908,1932]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="11" pageNumber="337" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
|
||
). However, if this resemblance is taken as evidence of relationship, a high level of conservation in leaf shape is implied despite substantial isolation in distance and presumably time, and across differing climates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |