172 lines
22 KiB
XML
172 lines
22 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="32D12670A0335C95FD8BABFEF80E1C21">The genus Gromphas Dejean, 1836 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae): nomenclature, distribution, and conservation, including a contribution to the debate on electronic publications in zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A555785CBD763E67DE89848477BD03FD">Cupello, Mario</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6072080CD1686F991DE5669E8640117A">Laboratório de Sistemática e Bioecologia de Coleoptera, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19020, 81531 - 980, Curitiba, Paraná (Brazil); and Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States) mcupello @ hotmail. com</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="2D3A97323729BCB08D168B6D97DAAA04">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6BA3C7A00733BCD474D9E77487A10922">2024</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C7883FFEBFFB4DEC5FE8C6953FE1C" ID-CoL="6KSGZ" authority="Blanchard, 1846" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1846" box="[940,1328,374,401]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
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<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4DEC5FE8C6816FE1C" bold="true" box="[940,1141,374,401]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Gromphas dichroa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D915FE8D6953FE1C" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[1148,1328,375,401]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref29449" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1846. - [livraison 80: 169 - 184, pl. 31], in BLANCHARD E. & BRULLE G. A. 1835 - 1846. Voyage dans L'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de L'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome Sixieme. 2 e partie: Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Ve. Lerrault, Strasbourg, 222 p. [publication date for nomenclatural purposes: 18 th December 1846 (Evenhuis, personal communication, 3 rd September 2019)] https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2531073" type="book chapter" year="1846">Blanchard, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6C7883FFEBFFB4DE44FE4A68D7FE45" ID-CoL="6KSGZ" authority="Blanchard, 1846: 182" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityPageNumber="182" authorityYear="1846" box="[813,1204,432,456]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dichroa">
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<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4DE44FE4A6FBAFE45" box="[813,985,432,456]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Gromphas dichroa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4DEB6FE4A68D7FE45" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[991,1204,432,456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref29449" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1846. - [livraison 80: 169 - 184, pl. 31], in BLANCHARD E. & BRULLE G. A. 1835 - 1846. Voyage dans L'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de L'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome Sixieme. 2 e partie: Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Ve. Lerrault, Strasbourg, 222 p. [publication date for nomenclatural purposes: 18 th December 1846 (Evenhuis, personal communication, 3 rd September 2019)] https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2531073" type="book chapter" year="1846">Blanchard, 1846: 182</bibRefCitation>
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[
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<date id="FFD225C0FFEBFFB4D9A8FE4A69FAFE45" box="[1217,1433,432,456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" value="1846-12-18">18th December 1846</date>
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].
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. —
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by monotypy (female),
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<collectionCode id="ED7D9BC5FFEBFFB4D83EFE1A69CEFE7A" box="[1367,1453,480,503]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">MNHN</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED7D9BC5FFEBFFB4DE0BFDEE6FDEFDA8" box="[866,957,532,549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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</smallCapsWord>
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. —
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<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4DE8FFDF5685CFDAA" box="[998,1087,527,551]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="49A8CDE2FFEBFFB4D92EFDF568A3FDAA" box="[1095,1216,527,551]" country="Uruguay" name="Montevideo" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Montevideo</collectingRegion>
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, ‘near the sea’ (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D825FDF56F02FDCC" author="BLANCHARD E." pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref29449" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1846. - [livraison 80: 169 - 184, pl. 31], in BLANCHARD E. & BRULLE G. A. 1835 - 1846. Voyage dans L'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de L'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome Sixieme. 2 e partie: Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Ve. Lerrault, Strasbourg, 222 p. [publication date for nomenclatural purposes: 18 th December 1846 (Evenhuis, personal communication, 3 rd September 2019)] https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2531073" type="book chapter" year="1846">Blanchard 1846</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C376508BFFEBFFB4DE44FDA368DDFC44" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BD30300FFEBFFB4DE44FDA368DDFC44" blockId="13.[813,1455,601,969]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D3595DCFFEBFFB4DE44FDA36FC5FDE2" baselines="618,619" box="[813,934,601,624]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Etymology" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">ETYMOLOGY</smallCapsWord>
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. — A New Latin first-class adjective in the nominative case meaning ‘having two colours’, ‘bicoloured’ (Wiktionary 2022). The word ultimately derives from the combination of the Ancient Greek prefix δῐ- (
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||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D947FD526822FD4D" box="[1070,1089,680,704]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">di</emphasis>
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-), meaning ‘twice’, ‘double’ (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D805FD536F02FD56" author="BROWN R. W." pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refId="ref29817" refString="BROWN R. W. 1954. - Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D. C., 882 p. https: // archive. org / details / compositionofsci 00 brow" type="book" year="1954">Brown 1954</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Wiktionary 2023a), and the Ancient Greek noun ΧΡῶμᾰ (
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||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4DE5CFD276F1CFD78" box="[821,895,733,757]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">khrôma</emphasis>
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||
), meaning ‘colour’, ‘pigment’, especially of the skin or body surface (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4DED5FD02684CFC9D" author="BAILLY A." box="[956,1071,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refId="ref28925" refString="BAILLY A. 1895. - Dictionnaire grec-francais. Hachette, Paris, 2193 p." type="book" year="1895">Bailly 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D955FD026976FC9D" author="LIDDELL H. G. & SCOTT R." box="[1084,1301,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refId="ref33789" refString="LIDDELL H. G. & SCOTT R. 1897. - A Greek-English lexicon. Revised and augmented throughout with the cooperation of professor Drisler, of Columbia College, New York. Eighth Edition. Harper & Brothers, New York, New York, xvi + 1778 p." type="book" year="1897">Liddell & Scott 1897</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D84AFD0269C2FC9D" author="BROWN R. W." box="[1315,1441,760,784]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" refId="ref29817" refString="BROWN R. W. 1954. - Composition of scientific words. A manual of methods and a lexicon of materials for the practice of logotechnics. Smithsonian Books, Washington, D. C., 882 p. https: // archive. org / details / compositionofsci 00 brow" type="book" year="1954">Brown 1954</bibRefCitation>
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||
), Latinized by the addition of the Latin adjectival suffix -
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||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D829FCE96930FCA7" box="[1344,1363,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">us</emphasis>
|
||
(-
|
||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D800FCE96917FCA7" box="[1385,1396,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">a</emphasis>
|
||
, -
|
||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D8E1FCE969C4FCA7" box="[1416,1447,787,810]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">um</emphasis>
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||
) (Wiktionary 2023b). The name makes an obvious reference to the dorsal colouration of the
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||
<typeStatus id="54D7BDA2FFEBFFB4D94CFCBD681EFCD2" box="[1061,1149,839,863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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||
, with a centrally red pronotum and blue elytra, a pattern seen in many ‒ but not all ‒ individuals of the species (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4DED4FC86688BFC19" author="CUPELLO M. & VAZ-DE-MELLO F. Z." box="[957,1256,892,916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="439 - 482" refId="ref30610" refString="CUPELLO M. & VAZ-DE-MELLO F. Z. 2013. - Taxonomic revision of the South American dung beetle genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini: Gromphadina). Zootaxa 3722 (4): 439 - 482. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3722.4.2" type="journal article" year="2013">Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D99CFC86694BFC19" author="CUPELLO M. & VAZ-DE-MELLO F. Z." box="[1269,1320,892,916]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="943 - 969" refId="ref30727" refString="CUPELLO M. & VAZ-DE-MELLO F. Z. 2015. - A new species and the phylogeny of the South American genus Gromphas Brulle, 1837 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini). Journal of Natural History electronic-only detached version: 1 - 27. [publication data for nomenclatural purposes: 12 th October 2015 (information available at the journal's website: https: // doi. org / 1 0.1080 / 00222933.2015.1091099)] [volume-integrated version published in 2016 - on or after 15 th March, the day it was sent to print (Henrietta Thomson, Taylor & Francis Group, personal communication to MC, 6 th February 2020) -, as volume 50 (15 - 16): 943 - 969] https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2015.1091099" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
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||
; see more details later in this work).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFD7EF1FFEBFFB4D971FC6C68A6FC23" author="BLANCHARD E." box="[1048,1221,918,942]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" pagination="169 - 184" refId="ref29449" refString="BLANCHARD E. 1846. - [livraison 80: 169 - 184, pl. 31], in BLANCHARD E. & BRULLE G. A. 1835 - 1846. Voyage dans L'Amerique Meridionale (le Bresil, la Republique orientale de L'Uruguay, la Republique Argentine, la Patagonie, la Republique du Chili, la Republique de Bolivia, la Republique du Perou), execute pendant les annees 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832 et 1833, par Alcide d'Orbigny. Tome Sixieme. 2 e partie: Insectes. P. Bertrand, Paris, and Ve. Lerrault, Strasbourg, 222 p. [publication date for nomenclatural purposes: 18 th December 1846 (Evenhuis, personal communication, 3 rd September 2019)] https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 2531073" type="book chapter" year="1846">Blanchard (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
called the species in his vernacular French the ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D964FC4B68D1FC44" box="[1037,1202,945,969]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">gromphas bicolore</emphasis>
|
||
’.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C376508BFFEBFFB4DE44FC1B68FAFA96" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD30300FFEBFFB4DE44FC1B68FAFA96" blockId="13.[811,1457,992,1308]" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D3595DCFFEBFFB4DE44FC1B6FD9FC7A" baselines="1010,1011" box="[813,954,993,1016]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — The Pampas biome and peripheral areas of the southern Atlantic Forest (e.g., Itapiranga,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8CDE2FFEBFFB4D9D2FC016929FB9E" box="[1211,1354,1019,1043]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Nova Petrópolis,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8CDE2FFEBFFB4DEF0FBEF6831FBA0" box="[921,1106,1045,1069]" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C7883FFEBFFB4DEF0FBEF686FFBA0" authority="Grande" authorityName="Grande" box="[921,1036,1045,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rio Grande</taxonomicName>
|
||
do Sul
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
) in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4D9BEFBEF6971FBA0" box="[1239,1298,1045,1069]" name="Brazil" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4D875FBEF691CFBA0" box="[1308,1407,1045,1069]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4DE44FBCA6FE6FBC5" box="[813,901,1072,1096]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
; possibly also present in the southern Humid Chaco of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4DE47FBB16FEBFBEE" box="[814,904,1099,1123]" name="Paraguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Nothing is known about the habitats occupied by the species in this vast area. One possibility, based on what is known of the biology of the other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C7883FFEBFFB4D953FB8568F9FB1A" authorityName=", Dejean" authorityYear="1836" box="[1082,1178,1151,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Gromphas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B918DF12FFEBFFB4D953FB8568F9FB1A" box="[1082,1178,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Gromphas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is that the species occupies more humid areas, especially wetlands, including the floodplains and sandbanks of the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4DE96FB4F6837FB40" box="[1023,1108,1205,1229]" name="Uruguay" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Uruguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
River along the border of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37B4390FFEBFFB4D839FB4E69D2FB41" box="[1360,1457,1204,1228]" name="Argentina" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Brazilian state of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6C7883FFEBFFB4D94CFB3568F4FB6A" authority="Grande" authorityName="Grande" box="[1061,1175,1231,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Rio" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rio Grande</taxonomicName>
|
||
do Sul and other such water bodies like Lake Guaíba (e.g., in Porto Alegre) and the River Plate (e.g., Montevideo and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A8CDE2FFEBFFB4D962FAFE68ECFA96" box="[1035,1167,1283,1307]" country="Argentina" name="Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires" pageId="13" pageNumber="34">Buenos Aires</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |