509 lines
67 KiB
XML
509 lines
67 KiB
XML
<document id="9B6C19CF1B9B1AA547A09B18EEB6FCA8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d1d12eda-0dbe-46d4-97f9-95a9de472c8a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3693477" ID-ZooBank="1F1FC50F-1C99-4EC8-8224-EA5FC67F1993" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1583137527757" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sudasinghe, Hiranya, Adamson, Eleanor A. S., Ranasinghe, R. H. Tharindu, Meegaskumbura, Madhava, Ikebe, Chiho & Britz, Ralf" docDate="2020" docId="03B28E59C758FFC0FF2DF990FB90FD6E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4747.1.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4747 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Channa ara" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FF8BF621C75BFFC6FFBAFFF9FFC0FFA1" masterDocTitle="Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka’s snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae)" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1698723697951" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
|
||
<mods:mods id="D06E47D914FA37AF73C9C8CD9DA0E142" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="86596EE6EA0054FAEF04905C9E84AC66">
|
||
<mods:title id="89C70826254746149B0E194455BEA978">Unexpected species diversity within Sri Lanka’s snakehead fishes of the Channa marulius group (Teleostei: Channidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="7B190D2D058DDF8543FE383E738D37F7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="E77091BF4B4B45B7EB1B965426FC01B9">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="9E0DB46404959F5ED71669ACBA52D828">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="D5CB812A8C13BA824DDE6F841F7248DD">Sudasinghe, Hiranya</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="C194AC300D0A27AF5BA18521A3B6F228" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="66085BD863A28AF031CC73BB9C276064">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="DDAD94D61DF76691780141975C2AC50C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BC643C64B7996FD06060A0E931FE2909">Adamson, Eleanor A. S.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="EE070F52E68C91F86F9FE32475A2D3A4" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="3F515EC4F5EA2090B0C82DD4EFFB8011">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="BB8CDDD2B7BA5D9B7B978C340161A38C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="2C9B4D568CA0650B0BD2DF06F7D87665">Ranasinghe, R. H. Tharindu</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="565B5D9C5D6CC2E7E7199A71F69FAA8B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F97AAFD227C275D77602B7E5A9F0BA6A">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="45357B4FEC4BE3F1447E4045C2F88329">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="229EFD23623E542014E258E5E17E6DA0">Meegaskumbura, Madhava</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="AF63828AD11CD26C500DCC0621B7C192" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="512D9120D6F701FD64839BEBFE32DF04">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="060F6A01AEAD43A8557C4DBF96F401BB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F9AFE72EBED5C45212363FC7B815E339">Ikebe, Chiho</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="F2097CE6D75C7A8F2D1B8CAC2B8307CA" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D9FBFAC188FED72C3173B3DDFAC3C370">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="8B0D82C36F2DF0A725BE7D4646BB0BC3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="FB0A0EC11A0C3DACBFF854E844FDFC18">Britz, Ralf</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="1D71C6B0837987207051A903C30C8979">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="1BC85CD99F6E966BAE1FABEB498B4450" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="03539EF4A52648D9E22538B29A6C2DC1">
|
||
<mods:title id="A9D26DA623C81D6DE05E803ECE71971D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="562B55FFD285067122F3927DC79DB9EB">
|
||
<mods:date id="AD301AC751794490DF08CDC3077A3767">2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="7DE495D8BDB2555D9B8CBC90393AF681" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="4BF97BD510278B822936F03FE91BE7B4">2020-03-02</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="E257B6E0BC93BAFEBA48F563F3A60E42" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="CAF43F40EA6880385FEB94D3309FCEAC">4747</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="44499301EF670CBC621832A5BEC5EA6E" type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number id="3029300B687B10F2BE6C429F1EB4C162">1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="82D2BE3C6AEC4E27996277D5FC8F6949" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="EC66E973CD1398B494C98B862142EC5B">113</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="D23D45A673139618CD7C3570857587E9">132</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="30B4F972E1404F53B99B3616E99A145F">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A95E55B8134FC3DD3FE921D0A797D846" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4747.1.4</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D4CDF32EBC5D05FB27F6F18FABFCE808" type="GBIF-Dataset">d1d12eda-0dbe-46d4-97f9-95a9de472c8a</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="EA566910A1730D5F72453CA9A5D3DC91" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="F3763243B51D593D3E91651D856A1B1F" type="Zenodo-Dep">3693477</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="0BCFE095F827AF56A5E3EE2B53A820CB" type="ZooBank">1F1FC50F-1C99-4EC8-8224-EA5FC67F1993</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="03B28E59C758FFC0FF2DF990FB90FD6E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3703960" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162367186" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3703960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B28E59C758FFC0FF2DF990FB90FD6E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B28E59C758FFC0FF2DF990FB90FD6E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016CC4C758FFC5FF2DF990FEDDF906" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF990FDF5F922" blockId="3.[151,565,1641,1703]" box="[151,565,1641,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<heading id="D0EC8823C758FFC5FF2DF990FDF5F922" bold="true" box="[151,565,1641,1668]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF990FDF5F922" ID-CoL="7JKCH" authority="(Deraniyagala, 1945)" baseAuthorityName="Deraniyagala" baseAuthorityYear="1945" box="[151,565,1641,1668]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF990FDF5F922" bold="true" box="[151,565,1641,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF990FEE9F925" bold="true" box="[151,297,1641,1668]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FE82F990FDEDF922" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[312,557,1641,1667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="93" refId="ref10031" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1945) New subspecies among Ophiocephali of Ceylon and India. Spolia Zeylanica, 24 (2), 93." type="journal article" year="1945">Deraniyagala, 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF974FEDDF906" blockId="3.[151,565,1641,1703]" box="[151,285,1677,1703]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">(Figure 2,3)</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016CC4C758FFC5FF2DF92BFDF4F822" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF92BFBC8F94B" blockId="3.[151,1436,1745,1923]" box="[151,1032,1745,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B1861C758FFC5FF2DF92BFBC8F94B" box="[151,1032,1745,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FF2DF92BFD6BF94B" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[151,683,1745,1770]" page="95" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1945">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF92BFD6BF94B" ID-CoL="5JZYJ" authority=": Deraniyagala, 1945: 95" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityPageNumber="95" authorityYear="1945" box="[151,683,1745,1770]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marulius" subSpecies="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF92BFE6EF948" box="[151,430,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Ophicephalus marulius ara</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FE01F928FD6BF94B" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[443,683,1745,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="93" refId="ref10031" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1945) New subspecies among Ophiocephali of Ceylon and India. Spolia Zeylanica, 24 (2), 93." type="journal article" year="1945">Deraniyagala, 1945: 95</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FD0CF928FC6FF94B" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[694,943,1745,1770]" page="124" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1952">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FD0CF928FC6FF94B" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[694,943,1745,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10061" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1952) A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Vol. 1. Fishes. Ceylon National Museum, Colombo, 147 pp." type="book" year="1952">Deraniyagala, 1952: 124</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF909FBB1F8A9" blockId="3.[151,1436,1745,1923]" box="[151,1137,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B1861C758FFC5FF2DF909FBB1F8A9" box="[151,1137,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF909FE51F8A9" ID-CoL="6SP7D" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[151,401,1776,1800]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophiocephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF909FE51F8A9" box="[151,401,1776,1800]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Ophiocephalus marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(not
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FE7CF909FDAAF8A9" author="Hamilton, F." box="[454,618,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref10316" refString="Hamilton, F. (1822) An account of the fishes found in the River Ganges and its branches. Constable, Edinburgh, 405 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 59540" type="book" year="1822">Hamilton, 1822</bibRefCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FDC1F908FCD7F8A8" author="Day, F." box="[635,791,1776,1801]" page="363" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1878">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FDC1F908FCD7F8A8" author="Day, F." box="[635,791,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref9867" refString="Day, F. (1878) The fishes of India; being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. William Dawson & Sons, London, 778 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 55567" type="book" year="1878">Day, 1878: 363</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FCC7F908FBD8F8A8" author="Day, F." box="[893,1048,1776,1801]" page="360" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FCC7F908FBD8F8A8" author="Day, F." box="[893,1048,1776,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref9926" refString="Day, F. (1889) The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Fishes. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, London, 548 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100755" type="book" year="1889">Day, 1889: 360</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF8F6FD18F886" blockId="3.[151,1436,1745,1923]" box="[151,728,1806,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B1861C758FFC5FF2DF8F6FD18F886" box="[151,728,1806,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FF2DF8F6FDBEF886" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[151,638,1806,1831]" page="83" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1929">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF8F6FDBEF886" ID-CoL="6SP67" authority=": Deraniyagala, 1929: 83" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityPageNumber="83" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,638,1806,1831]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF8F6FE44F886" box="[151,388,1807,1831]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Ophicephalus marulius</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FE28F8F7FDBEF886" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." box="[402,638,1806,1831]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="79 - 111" refId="ref10006" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1929) The Labyrinthici of Ceylon. Spolia Zeylanica, 15, 79 - 111." type="journal article" year="1929">Deraniyagala, 1929: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF8D7FC8CF8C5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1745,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0B1861C758FFC5FF2DF8D7FC8CF8C5" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FF2DF8D7FD86F8E7" author="Pethiyagoda, R." box="[151,582,1837,1862]" page="279" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1991">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF8D7FD86F8E7" ID-CoL="TM3H" authority=": Pethiyagoda, 1991: 279" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityPageNumber="279" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,582,1837,1862]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF8D7FE88F8E7" box="[151,328,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Channa marulius</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FEECF8D4FD86F8E7" author="Pethiyagoda, R." box="[342,582,1837,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref11245" refString="Pethiyagoda, R. (1991) Freshwater fishes of Sri Lanka. Wildlife Heritage Trust, Colombo, 362 pp." type="book" year="1991">Pethiyagoda, 1991: 279</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FD16F8D4FC2AF8E7" author="Talwar, P. K. & Jhingran, A. G." box="[684,1002,1837,1862]" page="1017" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FD16F8D4FC2AF8E7" author="Talwar, P. K. & Jhingran, A. G." box="[684,1002,1837,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref11963" refString="Talwar, P. K. & Jhingran, A. G. (1991) Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries, Vol. I & II. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1158 pp." type="book" year="1991">Talwar & Jhingran, 1991: 1017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FBEAF8D7FA5CF8E7" author="Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J. D." box="[1104,1436,1837,1862]" page="83" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="2004">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FBEAF8D7FA5CF8E7" author="Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J. D." box="[1104,1436,1837,1862]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" refId="ref9813" refString="Courtenay, W. R. & Williams, J. D. (2004) Snakeheads (Pisces, Channidae): a biological synopsis and risk assessment. US Geological Survey Circular 1251, Denver, CO, 143 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.3133 / cir 1251" type="book" year="2004">Courtenay & Williams, 2004: 83</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FE9DF8B5FE09F8C5" author="Chaudhry, S." box="[295,457,1868,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="6868796" refId="ref9665" refString="Chaudhry, S. (2010) Channa marulius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e. T 172328 A 6868796. https: // doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2010 - 4. RLTS. T 172328 A 6868796. en" type="journal article" year="2010">Chaudhry, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(in part);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ABA195EC758FFC5FD94F8B5FD33F8C4" author="Kottelat, M." box="[558,755,1868,1893]" page="461" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" year="2013">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FD94F8B5FD33F8C4" author="Kottelat, M." box="[558,755,1868,1893]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="1 - 663" refId="ref10456" refString="Kottelat, M. (2013) The fishes of the inland waters of Southeast Asia: a catalogue and core bibliography of the fishes known to occur in freshwaters, mangroves and estuaries. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 27, 1 - 663." type="journal article" year="2013">Kottelat, 2013: 461</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC5FF2DF892FDF4F822" blockId="3.[151,1436,1745,1923]" box="[151,564,1898,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FF2DF892FE1BF822" ID-CoL="7JKCH" authority=": Pethiyagoda, 2006" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,475,1898,1923]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF892FED1F822" box="[151,273,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC758FFC5FEA4F893FE1BF822" author="Pethiyagoda, R." box="[286,475,1898,1923]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" pagination="103 - 112" refId="ref11308" refString="Pethiyagoda, R. (2006) Conservation of Sri Lankan freshwater fishes. In: Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. (Ed.), Fauna of Sri Lanka: status of taxonomy, research and conservation. The World Conservation Union, Colombo, pp. 103 - 112." type="book chapter" year="2006">Pethiyagoda, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in part)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016CC4C758FFC2FF2DF848FBEFFE56" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC758FFC2FF2DF848FBEFFE56" blockId="3.[151,1437,1969,2032]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,504]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FF2DF848FED2F86D" bold="true" box="[151,274,1969,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FEA2F848FE5EF86A" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[280,414,1969,1995]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FEA2F848FE5EF86A" box="[280,414,1969,1995]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FD2DF84BFCDBF86A" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[663,795,1969,1996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FD2DF84BFCDBF86A" box="[663,795,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FC93F84BFC0BF86A" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[809,971,1969,1996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FC93F84BFC0BF86A" box="[809,971,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FBBAF84BFB75F86A" box="[1024,1205,1969,1996]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroflammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FBBAF84BFB75F86A" box="[1024,1205,1969,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. auroflammea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing fewer vertebrae (56 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC758FFC5FEEAF82CFE72F84E" box="[336,434,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMax="1.6002000000000003" metricValueMin="1.4986000000000002" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="61.0" valueMax="63.0" valueMin="59.0">59–63 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FE02F82FFDFCF84E" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[440,572,2005,2032]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FE02F82FFDFCF84E" box="[440,572,2005,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC758FFC5FDF3F82CFD6BF84E" box="[585,683,2005,2031]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6383000000000003" metricValueMax="1.6764000000000003" metricValueMin="1.6002000000000003" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="64.5" valueMax="66.0" valueMin="63.0">63–66 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FD0BF82FFC93F84E" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[689,851,2005,2032]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FD0BF82FFC93F84E" box="[689,851,2005,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC758FFC5FCDBF82CFC03F84E" box="[865,963,2005,2032]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5112999999999999" metricValueMax="1.5493999999999999" metricValueMin="1.4731999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" unit="in" value="59.5" valueMax="61.0" valueMin="58.0">58–61 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC758FFC5FC73F82FFBBDF84E" box="[969,1149,2005,2032]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroflammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC758FFC5FC73F82FFBBDF84E" box="[969,1149,2005,2032]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="116">C. auroflammea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); fewer lateral-line scales (59–62 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FEB4FF61FEB1FF12" box="[270,369,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6128999999999998" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5748" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="63.5" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="62.0">62–65 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FECDFF60FE3CFF12" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[375,508,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FECDFF60FE3CFF12" box="[375,508,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FDB0FF61FDAEFF12" box="[522,622,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7271999999999998" metricValueMax="1.8034" metricValueMin="1.6509999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="68.0" valueMax="71.0" valueMin="65.0">65–71 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FDCEFF60FCD7FF12" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[628,791,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FDCEFF60FCD7FF12" box="[628,791,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FC9CFF61FC49FF12" box="[806,905,152,179]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6002000000000003" metricValueMax="1.6509999999999998" metricValueMin="1.5493999999999999" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="63.0" valueMax="65.0" valueMin="61.0">61–65 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FC35FF60FB84FF12" box="[911,1092,153,179]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroflammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FC35FF60FB84FF12" box="[911,1092,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. auroflammea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); fewer dorsal-fin rays (47–48 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FF03FF45FEDDFF76" box="[185,285,188,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3462" metricValueMax="1.4224" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="53.0" valueMax="56.0" valueMin="50.0">50–56 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FE9CFF44FE6CFF76" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[294,428,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE9CFF44FE6CFF76" box="[294,428,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FE06FF45FDE1FF76" box="[444,545,188,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4350999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4731999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3969999999999998" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="56.5" valueMax="58.0" valueMin="55.0">55–58 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FD93FF44FD0DFF76" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[553,717,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FD93FF44FD0DFF76" box="[553,717,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FD64FF45FC82FF76" box="[734,834,188,215]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3462" metricValueMax="1.3716" metricValueMin="1.3208" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="53.0" valueMax="54.0" valueMin="52.0">52–54 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FCF1FF44FBC1FF76" box="[843,1025,189,215]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroflammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FCF1FF44FBC1FF76" box="[843,1025,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. auroflammea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and fewer anal-fin rays (29–30 vs
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FF2DFF18FF39FF5A" box="[151,249,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.398" metricValueMin="8.128" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="37.0" valueMin="32.0">32–37 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FF44FF18FE42FF5A" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[254,386,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FF44FF18FE42FF5A" box="[254,386,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FE35FF19FE30FF5A" box="[399,496,224,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.271" metricValueMax="9.652" metricValueMin="8.89" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="36.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="35.0">35–38 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FE4CFF18FD57FF5A" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[502,663,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE4CFF18FD57FF5A" box="[502,663,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75FFFC2FD1EFF18FCC6FF5A" box="[676,774,225,251]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.763" metricValueMax="9.144" metricValueMin="8.382" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="34.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="33.0">33–36 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FCB1FF18FC7EFF5A" box="[779,958,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auroflammea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FCB1FF18FC7EFF5A" box="[779,958,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. auroflammea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Further,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FB88FF18FBB9FF5A" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[1074,1145,225,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FB88FF18FBB9FF5A" box="[1074,1145,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FF2DFEFCFEF9FEBE" baseAuthorityName="Day" baseAuthorityYear="1870" box="[151,313,261,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurolineata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FF2DFEFCFEF9FEBE" box="[151,313,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. aurolineata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FED7FEFCFDD3FEBE" baseAuthorityName="Bleeker" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[365,531,261,287]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulioides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FED7FEFCFDD3FEBE" box="[365,531,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. marulioides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by white spots along mid-lateral blotches faint or absent (vs series of black scales rimmed in white along the mid-lateral dark blotches) in live adults. In comparison to South Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FB52FED0FF7FFEC6" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudomarulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FB52FED0FF7FFEC6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. pseudomarulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FF77FEB4FED4FEC6" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[205,276,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FF77FEB4FED4FEC6" box="[205,276,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C. ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possesses more vertebrae (56 vs 55); and more circumpeduncular scales (26–28 vs 24).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FB53FEB4FAAFFEC6" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[1257,1391,333,359]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FB53FEB4FAAFFEC6" box="[1257,1391,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FE2CFE88FDC5FE2A" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[406,517,369,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE2CFE88FE70FE2A" box="[406,432,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE64FE8BFDC5FE2A" box="[478,517,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the southwestern wet zone of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75FFFC2FC1AFE88FBCFFE2A" box="[928,1039,369,395]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
by having more circumpeduncular scales (26–28 vs 22–24); by the absence / faintness of the numerous large white spots along the mid-lateral dark blotches (vs. presence of spots in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FDA9FE40FDBFFE72" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[531,639,441,467]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FDA9FE40FDEDFE72" box="[531,557,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FDE2FE43FDBFFE72" box="[600,639,442,467]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and by bright orange colouration in between the mid-lateral series of dark brown blotches when live (vs white to yellow colouration) (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75FFFC2FC20FE24FBE3FE56" box="[922,1059,476,503]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1626,1651]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionStartId-2="8.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1920,1945]" captionTargetBox-0="[179,1406,549,1566]" captionTargetBox-1="[179,1408,777,1674]" captionTargetBox-2="[179,1408,562,1721]" captionTargetBox-3="[160,1427,274,1895]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[164,1423,525,1600]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[179,1408,776,1674]" captionTargetId-2="figure@8.[179,1408,561,1721]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[160,1427,273,1895]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="8" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Colouration of Channa ara shortly after preservation. A, adult, 2020.02.01.NH, neotype, 300 mm SL, Angammedilla, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, UPZM uncatalogued, 650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River. C, Deraniyagala’s (1952: plate 19) illustration of Ophicephalus marulius ara." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Live colouration of Channa ara. A, juvenile, ~80 mm SL, Badulu Oya, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River, photo courtesy of Kumudu Wijesooriya." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Colouration of Channa cf. ara in preservation. A, small juvenile, DZ 5269B, 46.5 mm SL, Kelani River; B, large juvenile, ZRC 22484, 81.6 mm SL, Bentara River, photo courtesy of Tan Heok Hui; C, subadult, DZ 4330, 230 mm SL, Bentara River; D, adult, DZ 4010, 380 mm SL, Gin River." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Colouration of Channa cf. ara in life. A, small juvenile, ~55 mm SL, Kelani River; B, large juvenile, ~100 mm SL, Kelani River; C, sub-adult. ~200 mm SL, Kelani River; D, adult, ~300 mm SL, Gin River; E, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Bentara River." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693481" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693483" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693485" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693487" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3693481/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3693483/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3693485/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3693487/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figures 2–5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF646FC7C75FFFC2FF2DF9A3FD2CF91B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693481" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3693481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693481/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" startId="4.[151,250,1626,1651]" targetBox="[179,1406,549,1566]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75FFFC2FF2DF9A3FD2CF91B" blockId="4.[151,1436,1626,1723]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FF2DF9A3FED3F9D2" bold="true" box="[151,275,1626,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FE0FF9A3FDEFF9D3" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[437,559,1626,1650]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE0FF9A3FDEFF9D3" box="[437,559,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shortly after preservation.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FCFBF9A3FC93F9D2" bold="true" box="[833,851,1626,1651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
, adult, 2020.02.01.NH, neotype, 300 mm SL, Angammedilla, Mahaweli River;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE3AF986FE51F936" bold="true" box="[384,401,1663,1687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">B</emphasis>
|
||
, large adult, UPZM uncatalogued, 650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FB5CF987FB3FF936" bold="true" box="[1254,1279,1662,1687]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">C,</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8A42BEC75FFFC2FABEF987FF16F91A" author="Deraniyagala, P. E. P." pageId="4" pageNumber="117" refId="ref10061" refString="Deraniyagala, P. E. P. (1952) A coloured atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Vol. 1. Fishes. Ceylon National Museum, Colombo, 147 pp." type="book" year="1952">Deraniyagala’s (1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: plate 19) illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75FFFC2FE75F95BFD25F91B" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1945" box="[463,741,1698,1722]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="marulius" subSpecies="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FE75F95BFD25F91B" box="[463,741,1698,1722]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Ophicephalus marulius ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3016CC4C75FFFC0FF7DF911FB90FD6E" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75FFFC2FF7DF911FEC7F87D" blockId="4.[151,1436,1768,2012]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75FFFC2FF7DF911FE99F8A2" bold="true" box="[199,345,1768,1795]" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
See
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75FFFC2FE28F910FE3DF8A2" box="[402,509,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1626,1651]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,549,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[164,1423,525,1600]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colouration of Channa ara shortly after preservation. A, adult, 2020.02.01.NH, neotype, 300 mm SL, Angammedilla, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, UPZM uncatalogued, 650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River. C, Deraniyagala’s (1952: plate 19) illustration of Ophicephalus marulius ara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693481/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Figures 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75FFFC2FD8DF910FD85F8A2" box="[567,581,1769,1795]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,777,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[179,1408,776,1674]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colouration of Channa ara. A, juvenile, ~80 mm SL, Badulu Oya, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River, photo courtesy of Kumudu Wijesooriya." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693483/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">3</figureCitation>
|
||
for general appearance, and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6990AF4C75FFFC2FC2AF910FC30F8A2" box="[912,1008,1769,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,766,790]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data of Channa ara (n=3; 2020.02.01.NH, DZ 4517, UPZM uncatalogued), C. marulius (Sri Lanka) (n=8; DZ 4900, DZ 5228–5234) and C. cf. ara (Sri Lanka) (n=3; DZ 4010, DZ 4330, DZ 4394)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646FC7C75DFFC0FF2DFD07FB34FC9B" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="DF646FC7C75DFFC0FF2DFD07FB34FC9B">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6990AF4C75FFFC2FB90F910FBF8F8A2" box="[1066,1080,1769,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,239,154,178]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="TABLE 2. Diagnostic meristic characters within the Marulius group. Data for C. marulius from India and Myanmar, and for C. pseudomarulius, from Britz et al. (2017); C. aurolineata from Adamson & Britz (2018); and C. auroflammea from Adamson et al. (2019). Ranges exclude specimens with vertebral anomalies. Values in parentheses are counts for specimens with vertebral anomalies." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646FC7C752FFCFFF2DFF63FDDCFEBF" pageId="4" pageNumber="117" tableUuid="DF646FC7C752FFCFFF2DFF63FDDCFEBF">2</tableCitation>
|
||
for morphometric and meristic data, respectively. Dorsal-fin rays 47 (1), or 48 (2). Anal-fin rays 29 (2), or 30 (1). Pectoral-fin rays 16. Lateral line scales 59 (1), 60 (1), or 62 (1) in total, 16 (1), 17 (1), or 18 (1) in pre-drop, 2 (1), or 3 (2) forming drop, 40 (1), or 41 (2) in post-drop. Predorsal scales 17 (2), or 18 (1). Scales above pre-drop 4.5 (2), or 5 (1), above post-drop 6.5 (1), 7 (1), or 7.5 (1), below post-drop 10 (2), or 11 (1). Circumpeduncular scales 26 (1) or 28 (2). Postorbital scales 10 (1), 11 (1), or 12 (1), with 7 (2), or 8 (1) scales in front of opercle; scales on opercle 3 (1), or 4 (2). Vertebrae 56 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75FFFC2FF1AF838FF3AF87D" box="[160,250,1985,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1226,1251]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,181,1200]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[156,1431,181,1200]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. X-radiographs of members of the Marulius group in Sri Lanka. A, Channa ara, 2020.02.01.NH, neotype, 300 mm SL, Angammedilla, Mahaweli River; B, C. marulius, DZ 4900, 350 mm SL, Rajanganaya, Kala Oya; C, C. cf. ara, DZ 4330, 230 mm SL, Lewwanduwa, Bentara River." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693489/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="117">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75EFFC3FF7DFF61FE0AFEE3" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FF7DFF61FDDAFF12" bold="true" box="[199,538,152,179]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Colouration in preservative.</emphasis>
|
||
Shortly after preservation, adults>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FC0FFF60FBD3FF12" box="[949,1043,153,179]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="300.0">300 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75EFFC3FBF0FF61FB6CFF12" box="[1098,1196,152,179]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1626,1651]" captionTargetBox="[179,1406,549,1566]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[164,1423,525,1600]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Colouration of Channa ara shortly after preservation. A, adult, 2020.02.01.NH, neotype, 300 mm SL, Angammedilla, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, UPZM uncatalogued, 650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River. C, Deraniyagala’s (1952: plate 19) illustration of Ophicephalus marulius ara." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693481" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693481/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
) with head and body greyish dorsolaterally, white ventrally. Dorsal, anal, and caudal fins black with scattered white spots. Pectoral fin dark brown, pelvic fin white. Series of 4–6 large black blotches on mid-lateral body under dorsal fin, separated by bright orange blotches. White spots on body inconspicuous or absent. Orange blotches on body fading to white during long-term preservation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75EFFC3FF7DFEB5FF2BFD9E" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FF7DFEB5FE6CFEC6" bold="true" box="[199,428,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Colouration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Juveniles of about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FD31FEB4FCD3FEC6" box="[651,787,333,359]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="80.0">80–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75EFFC3FCF1FEB5FC65FEC6" box="[843,933,332,359]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,777,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[179,1408,776,1674]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colouration of Channa ara. A, juvenile, ~80 mm SL, Badulu Oya, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River, photo courtesy of Kumudu Wijesooriya." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
) dorsolaterally brown. A black band on side of body, originating at anterior margin of snout, extending to caudal-fin base and beyond, onto median rays of caudal fin. Light brown stripe extending from opercle to caudal-fin base, separating brown dorsal side and blackish ventral side of body. Head and body whitish cream ventrally. Caudal fin with an ocellus on dorsal half, formed by large black spherical spot rimmed by wide orange ring. Pectoral, pelvic and anal fins hyaline. Interradial membrane of dorsal fin with irregular pattern of black lines. Pupil outlined by yellowish orange rim, iris black with tinge of orange.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75EFFC3FF7DFDB1FF1AFD52" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,755]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Adults>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FE8FFDB1FE55FDC2" box="[309,405,584,611]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="500.0">500 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75EFFC3FE6AFDB1FDE8FDC2" box="[464,552,584,611]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1699,1724]" captionTargetBox="[179,1408,777,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[179,1408,776,1674]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Live colouration of Channa ara. A, juvenile, ~80 mm SL, Badulu Oya, Mahaweli River; B, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River, photo courtesy of Kumudu Wijesooriya." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) greyish black dorso-laterally. Black blotches on mid-lateral body, separated by bright orange blotches, extending as a ventro-lateral band along head and body. White spots on head and body absent or indistinct. Ocellus on caudal fin absent. Pupil outlined by yellowish orange rim, iris orange. Dorsal, anal and caudal fins black with white spots. Pectoral fin brownish black; rays of pelvic fin darker than in smaller specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF646FC7C75EFFC3FF2DF95AFC0FF941" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3693483" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693483/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" startId="5.[151,250,1699,1724]" targetBox="[179,1408,777,1674]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75EFFC3FF2DF95AFC0FF941" blockId="5.[151,1436,1699,1760]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FF2DF95AFED3F91D" bold="true" box="[151,275,1699,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Live colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75EFFC3FE5EF95DFD9DF91D" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[484,605,1700,1724]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FE5EF95DFD9DF91D" box="[484,605,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FDD0F95AFDBCF91D" bold="true" box="[618,636,1699,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||
, juvenile, ~80 mm SL, Badulu Oya, Mahaweli River;
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FB1FF95DFB76F91D" bold="true" box="[1189,1206,1700,1724]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">B</emphasis>
|
||
, large adult, ~650 mm SL, Victoria Reservoir, Mahaweli River, photo courtesy of Kumudu Wijesooriya.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75EFFC3FF7DF8F7FDEBF87D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1806,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FF7DF8F7FD7AF888" bold="true" box="[199,698,1806,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Habitat, distribution and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75EFFC3FD79F8F7FC8BF889" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[707,843,1806,1832]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FD79F8F7FC8BF889" box="[707,843,1806,1832]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs primarily in the deep pools in the Mahaweli River and its tributaries. It has also been recorded from reservoirs in the Mahaweli catchment (Victoria and Randenigala:
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75EFFC3FEBEF8AFFE9CF8D0" box="[260,348,1878,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1354,1379]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1426,181,1329]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, Map of Sri Lanka showing geographical origin of samples of the Marulius group used in this study. Specimens referred to as ‘not collected’ were observed in the wild but not included in the molecular or morphological analyses. The black lines represent drainage margins; B, median-joining haplotype network for the Marulius group in Sri Lanka is based on the analysis of a 654 bp fragment of the cox1 gene. The areas of the circles are proportional to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype. The number of mutational steps>1 is indicated in parentheses. Black circles are hypothetical nodes. Legend colours correspond to the region or species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693479/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<date id="FFA5198FC75EFFC3FE34F8AEFDC3F8D0" box="[398,515,1879,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" value="2014-06">June 2014</date>
|
||
, the first author observed around
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D1DF4C6C75EFFC3FCCDF8AEFC3EF8D1" box="[887,1022,1878,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" type="juvenile">20 juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
of ~
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FB8BF8AEFB78F8D0" box="[1073,1208,1879,1905]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="90.0" valueMax="100.0" valueMin="80.0">80–100 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL in shallow water (~
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FF17F883FEE0F834" box="[173,288,1914,1941]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="cm" value="70.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="60.0">60–80 cm</quantity>
|
||
deep), among submerged roots, close to the bank, at the mouth of a stream draining into Badulu Oya of the Mahaweli basin, they were guarded by a pair of adults. The highest elevation from which we have recorded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75EFFC3FF2DF83AFF1FF87D" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,223,1987,2013]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75EFFC3FF2DF83AFF1FF87D" box="[151,223,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="118">C. ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is at Kandy, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CE392AAC75EFFC3FE0DF83BFE3EF87C" box="[439,510,1986,2013]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="118" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
asl.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75DFFC0FF7DFF60FB9EFEC6" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FF7DFF60FE5EFF12" bold="true" box="[199,414,153,179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Molecular results.</emphasis>
|
||
Three
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FE57FF60FDE2FF12" box="[493,546,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
haplotypes were observed among Marulius group fishes collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75DFFC0FA92FF61FA58FF13" box="[1320,1432,152,178]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, none of which have previously been observed in fishes collected in neighbouring continental regions. The three haplotypes correspond to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FE06FF19FD84FF5B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[444,580,224,250]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FE06FF19FD84FF5B" box="[444,580,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Channa ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Mahaweli Basin (H1,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC08FF18FC00FF5B" box="[946,960,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">n</emphasis>
|
||
=4),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FC4DFF18FBA5FF5B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[1015,1125,224,251]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC4DFF18FBD1FF5A" box="[1015,1041,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FB84FF18FBA5FF5B" box="[1086,1125,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the southwestern wet zone (H2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FEB4FEFCFEDCFEBF" box="[270,284,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">n</emphasis>
|
||
=8), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FE3BFEFCFDC6FEBF" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[385,518,260,287]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FE3BFEFCFDC6FEBF" box="[385,518,260,287]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the northern dry zone (H3,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FCC5FEFCFC4DFEBF" box="[895,909,261,286]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">n</emphasis>
|
||
=1). The relationship of Sri Lankan haplotypes to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FF0EFED0FEF9FEE3" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[180,313,296,323]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FF0EFED0FEF9FEE3" box="[180,313,296,323]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
haplotypes from continental regions (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75DFFC0FD5BFED1FCDCFEE3" box="[737,796,296,322]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75DFFC0FCE9FED0FC02FEE2" box="[851,962,297,323]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
) is illustrated in
|
||
<figureCitation id="132023CAC75DFFC0FBC7FED1FB13FEE2" box="[1149,1235,296,323]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1354,1379]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,181,1325]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[162,1426,181,1329]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A, Map of Sri Lanka showing geographical origin of samples of the Marulius group used in this study. Specimens referred to as ‘not collected’ were observed in the wild but not included in the molecular or morphological analyses. The black lines represent drainage margins; B, median-joining haplotype network for the Marulius group in Sri Lanka is based on the analysis of a 654 bp fragment of the cox1 gene. The areas of the circles are proportional to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype. The number of mutational steps>1 is indicated in parentheses. Black circles are hypothetical nodes. Legend colours correspond to the region or species." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3693479" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3693479/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Fig. 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
, with uncorrected pairwise genetic distances among all members of the Marulius group given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6990AF4C75DFFC0FBBEFEB5FB99FEC6" box="[1028,1113,332,359]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Intraspecific and interspecific percentage uncorrected pairwise genetic distances for cox1 within the Marulius group." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646FC7C757FFCAFF2DFF60FF1DFF77" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" tableUuid="DF646FC7C757FFCAFF2DFF60FF1DFF77">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75DFFC0FF7DFE89FCD8FD26" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
The
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FF43FE89FE7BFE2A" box="[249,443,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FF43FE89FE6EFE2A" box="[249,430,368,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ara" subSpecies="cox">Channa ara cox</taxonomicName>
|
||
1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
haplotype differs from all [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FD57FE88FCB1FE2B" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[749,881,368,395]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FD57FE88FCB1FE2B" box="[749,881,368,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FC37FE88FC37FE2B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[909,1015,368,395]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC37FE88FC67FE2A" box="[909,935,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC6AFE88FC37FE2B" box="[976,1015,369,394]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] haplotypes by a minimum of 22 mutations, and is indeed marginally more genetically similar to continental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FC7BFE6CFB85FE0F" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[961,1093,404,431]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC7BFE6CFB85FE0F" box="[961,1093,404,431]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.6–4.2%) and Sri Lankan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FA39FE6CFF22FE73" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FA39FE6CFA5CFE0E" box="[1411,1436,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FF01FE40FF22FE73" box="[187,226,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(3.7%) than to Sri Lankan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FDA9FE40FD57FE73" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[531,663,440,467]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FDA9FE40FD57FE73" box="[531,663,440,467]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(4.6%), albeit the latter was only represented by a small sample size. The Sri Lankan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FEE8FE24FE18FE57" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[338,472,476,503]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FEE8FE24FE18FE57" box="[338,472,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from continental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FD4DFE24FCBDFE57" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[759,893,476,503]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FD4DFE24FCBDFE57" box="[759,893,476,503]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by 1.6–2.3%, doubling the known intraspecific genetic divergence at
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FE33FDF8FE7EFDBA" box="[393,446,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
that was previously observed across this species’ large continental geographical distribution encompassing
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75DFFC0FECAFDDDFE6AFD9F" box="[368,426,548,574]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30C7FDFC75DFFC0FDFAFDDCFD6FFD9E" box="[576,687,549,575]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In contrast, the Sri Lankan
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FC57FDDCFB99FD9F" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[1005,1113,548,575]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC57FDDCFBC6FD9E" box="[1005,1030,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FB88FDDCFB99FD9F" box="[1074,1113,549,574]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs less from continental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FF2DFDB0FEDDFDC3" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,285,584,611]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FF2DFDB0FEDDFDC3" box="[151,285,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(uncorrected pairwise genetic distance of 1.0–1.6%) than it does from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FBD5FDB0FB35FDC3" authorityName=": Deraniyagala" authorityYear="1929" box="[1135,1269,584,611]" family="Channidae" genus="Ophicephalus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FBD5FDB0FB35FDC3" box="[1135,1269,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that occurs on the same island, in Sri Lanka’s northern dry zone (2.0%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA43F4FC75DFFC0FF7DFD69FB90FD6E" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,719]" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">
|
||
With the exceptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FE6BFD69FD56FD0B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="1991" box="[465,662,656,682]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marulius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FE6BFD69FD56FD0B" box="[465,662,656,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">Channa marulius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FD75FD68FCFEFD0B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[719,830,656,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FD75FD68FD29FD0A" box="[719,745,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FCADFD68FCFEFD0B" box="[791,830,657,682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1B44CCC75DFFC0FCF7FD68FC56FD0B" authorityName=": Pethiyagoda" authorityYear="2006" box="[845,918,657,683]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Channidae" genus="Channa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FCF7FD68FC56FD0B" box="[845,918,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">C. ara</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species in the Marulius group by a minimum of 8% uncorrected pairwise genetic distance for
|
||
<emphasis id="B96FE35DC75DFFC0FC12FD4CFC1DFD6E" box="[936,989,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="119">cox1</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6990AF4C75DFFC0FC51FD4DFB82FD6E" box="[1003,1090,692,719]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,239,153,177]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Intraspecific and interspecific percentage uncorrected pairwise genetic distances for cox1 within the Marulius group." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF646FC7C757FFCAFF2DFF60FF1DFF77" pageId="6" pageNumber="119" tableUuid="DF646FC7C757FFCAFF2DFF60FF1DFF77">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |