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<mods:title id="1C2AE3742A55498CB7844D8A7C83CAF1">Annotated checklist and illustrated key to the species of Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) from South America</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15099A8C9CABA564E8A4B10ED8158E61">Querino, Ranyse B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="88BD7DC2257DA0AF92FE5B1A7E885BF6">Zucchi, Roberto A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="F05B87A2E76EFF8409A9FC76F8D8ED14" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943665" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159133332" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5943665" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F05B87A2E76EFF8409A9FC76F8D8ED14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F05B87A2E76EFF8409A9FC76F8D8ED14" lastPageNumber="206" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<subSubSection id="30E8653FE76EFF8409A9FC76F84DE8B5" box="[151,584,975,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409A9FC76F84DE8B5" blockId="5.[151,584,975,1002]" box="[151,584,975,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<heading id="230581D8E76EFF8409A9FC76F84DE8B5" bold="true" box="[151,584,975,1002]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF8409A9FC76F84DE8B5" ID-CoL="58CVD" authority="Nagaraja, 1983" authorityName="Nagaraja" authorityYear="1983" box="[151,584,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruni">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409A9FC76F84DE8B5" bold="true" box="[151,584,975,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409A9FC76FB8EE8B6" bold="true" box="[151,395,975,1002]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Trichogramma bruni</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF8408ACFC76F84DE8B5" author="Nagaraja, H." box="[402,584,975,1002]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="37 - 44" refId="ref17737" refString="Nagaraja, H. (1983) Descriptions of new Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) from Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 43, 37 - 44." type="journal article" year="1983">Nagaraja, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30E8653FE76EFF8409A9FBA8F8D8ED14" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409A9FBA8FE7FEF0C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409A9FBA8FB0FEF70" bold="true" box="[151,266,1041,1068]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Flagelliform setae long; dorsal lamina with distinct basal constriction, extending about two-thirds of length of genital capsule; intervolsellar process short, not extending up base of volsellae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409F9FBE0FB10EFBD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409F9FBE0FB4DEF28" bold="true" box="[199,328,1113,1140]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Comments</emphasis>
. The following combination of characters separates
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840A96FBE2FE06EF28" authorityName="Nagaraja" authorityYear="1983" box="[936,1027,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruni">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840A96FBE2FE06EF28" box="[936,1027,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">T. bruni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840D73FBE2FEB8EF28" authorityName="Pinto" authorityYear="1999" box="[1101,1213,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lasallei">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840D73FBE2FEB8EF28" box="[1101,1213,1114,1140]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">T. lasallei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840DC4FBE2FF5DEF28" authorityName="Nagaraja &amp; Nagarkatti" authorityYear="1973" box="[1274,1368,1115,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rojasi">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840DC4FBE2FF5DEF28" box="[1274,1368,1115,1140]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">T. rojasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: long flagelliform setae, basiconic sensilla in position 4, short anterior setae on scutellum, genital capsule yellowish, and long ventral ridge. According to
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF840B35FB1BF93CEFE0" author="Velasquez de Rios, M. &amp; Teran, J." box="[523,825,1186,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="127 - 145" refId="ref19518" refString="Velasquez de Rios, M. &amp; Teran, J. (2003) Los Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) de la regioin noroccidental del estado Guairico, Venezuela. Entomotropica, 18, 127 - 145." type="journal article" year="2003">Velásquez &amp; Téran (2003)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840A78FB1AFEB7EFE0" authority="Velasquez &amp; Teran" authorityName="Velasquez &amp; Teran" box="[838,1202,1186,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castrensis">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840A78FB1AF9D7EFE0" box="[838,978,1187,1212]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">T. castrensis</emphasis>
Velásquez &amp; Téran
</taxonomicName>
is a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840988FB7EFB0BEFBC" authorityName="Nagaraja" authorityYear="1983" box="[182,270,1222,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruni">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840988FB7EFB0BEFBC" box="[182,270,1222,1248]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">T. bruni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409F9FB53F937EE11" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409F9FB53FB81EE58" bold="true" box="[199,388,1257,1284]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Type repository</emphasis>
. Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) collection (holotype and paratypes); Natural History Museum, London and Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Indian Station, Bangalore (paratypes) (holotype examined).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409F9FAEFF8AAEE2C" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" box="[199,687,1365,1393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409F9FAEFFB65EE2C" bold="true" box="[199,352,1365,1392]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Type locality</emphasis>
. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409F9FAC0FE36EEC8" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" box="[199,1075,1401,1429]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409F9FAC0F834EEC8" bold="true" box="[199,561,1401,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Distribution in South America</emphasis>
. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Venezuela.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="784D36B4E76EFF8409F9FA27F8D8ED14" blockId="5.[151,1437,1041,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF8409F9FA27FB0FEEE4" bold="true" box="[199,266,1438,1464]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Hosts</emphasis>
. Associated with several lepidopteran hosts in agricultural (fruit orchards) and forest habitats (
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF840C0FFA27FAFDEE80" author="Zucchi, R. A. &amp; Querino, R. B. &amp; Monteiro, R. C." pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="219 - 236" refId="ref20020" refString="Zucchi, R. A., Querino, R. B. &amp; Monteiro, R. C. (2010) Diversity and hosts of Trichogramma in the New World, with emphasis in South America. In: Co ˆ nsoli, F. L., Parra, J. R. P. &amp; Zucchi, R. A. (Eds.), Egg Parasitoids in agroecosystems with emphasis on Trichogramma. Springer, New York, pp. 219 - 236. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4020 - 9110 - 0 _ 8" type="book chapter" year="2010">
Zucchi
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840CB6FA26FAA8EE80" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840834FA7BFBF0EE80" authorityName="Nagaraja" authorityYear="1983" box="[266,501,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Trichogrammatidae" genus="Trichogramma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bruni">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840834FA7BFBF0EE80" box="[266,501,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Trichogramma bruni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recently reared from eggs of
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840A4CFA7BFEF8EE80" authority="(Godart, 1819)" baseAuthorityName="Godart" baseAuthorityYear="1819" box="[882,1277,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Heraclides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="astyalus">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840A4CFA7BFE55EE80" box="[882,1104,1474,1500]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Heraclides astyalus</emphasis>
(Godart, 1819)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840C35FA7BFF9CEE80" box="[1291,1433,1474,1500]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF8409A9FA5FFB20ED5D" box="[151,293,1510,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Papilionidae</taxonomicName>
) on
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF840869FA5EFB98ED5D" box="[343,413,1511,1537]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Citrus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840869FA5EFB98ED5D" box="[343,413,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">Citrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<taxonomicName id="BFF24D37E76EFF8408EAFA5FF83BED5C" box="[468,574,1510,1536]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Rutaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF840B6AFA5FF933ED5C" author="Querino, R. B. &amp; Mendes, J. V. &amp; Costa, V. A. &amp; Zucchi, R. A." box="[596,822,1510,1537]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="137 - 143" refId="ref18593" refString="Querino, R. B., Mendes, J. V., Costa, V. A. &amp; Zucchi, R. A. (2017) New species, notes and new records of Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in Brazil. Zootaxa, 4232 (1), 137 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4232.1.11" type="journal article" year="2017">
Querino
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840B87FA5EF8EEED5C" box="[697,747,1510,1536]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). It is commonly found in areas with more stable plant cover, such as forests and fruit orchards. However, it has been collected in soybean areas in Argentina (
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF840C25F9B3FAF3ED14" author="Valverde, L. &amp; Virla, E. G. &amp; Querino, R. B." pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="25 - 27" refId="ref19374" refString="Valverde, L., Virla, E. G. &amp; Querino, R. B. (2009) Primera cita de Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) en el cultivo de soja del noroeste argentino. Boletin de Sanidad Vegetal, 35, 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="2009">
Valverde
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840CB6F9B2FAA8ED14" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF84083FF997FB3EED14" author="Valverde, L. &amp; Querino, R. B. &amp; Virla, E. G." box="[257,315,1582,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="248 - 250" refId="ref19319" refString="Valverde, L., Querino, R. B. &amp; Virla, E. G. (2014) First record of Rachiplusia nu (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as host of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma bruni (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 58, 248 - 250." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
) and in Brazil (
<bibRefCitation id="1C634B45E76EFF8408D6F997F8D4ED14" author="Dudczak, A. C. &amp; Querino, R. B. &amp; Foerster, M. R. &amp; Foerster, L. A." box="[488,721,1582,1609]" pageId="5" pageNumber="206" pagination="471" refId="ref17426" refString="Dudczak, A. C., Querino, R. B., Foerster, M. R. &amp; Foerster, L. A. (2017) First occurrence of Trichogramma bruni Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) parasitizing eggs of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 46, 471. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13744 - 017 - 0521 - 3" type="journal article" year="2017">
Dudczak
<emphasis id="4A86EAA6E76EFF840B6BF996F883ED14" box="[597,646,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="206">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>