315 lines
38 KiB
XML
315 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="3A62895438724C3EBB34E256D913680F" ID-CLB-Dataset="276297" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa075" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675d3710-fbc7-4282-b8fe-6fc06786aa2b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300479" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630096975405" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rule, James P, Adams, Justin W & Fitzgerald, Erich M G" docDate="2021" docId="C15287FEFFBE710D856DF92C1D14FED8" docLanguage="en" docName="zlaa075.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/4/1160/5877026" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Monachinae GEN. & SP. INDET." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" masterDocId="3D6BFF86FFB771008469FFD21815FFEE" masterDocTitle="Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1160" masterPageNumber="1160" pageNumber="1160" updateTime="1699150502096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E010CDEE685DCA6F3901AC9566CA1566">Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0B23004338F4BCF580C28D47B2C2C0C7">Rule, James P</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F9E074CA43C74A8B431F41F7DC6D9E2C">Adams, Justin W</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A19A349C23F98A45D02F130C50C3EFDC">Fitzgerald, Erich M G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="F225F5AFFC496A921069EB2AC6DF3AE7">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C15287FEFFBE710D856DF92C1D14FED8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217229089" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15287FEFFBE710D856DF92C1D14FED8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C15287FEFFBE710D856DF92C1D14FED8" lastPageId="13" pageId="9">
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<subSubSection id="01E16563FFBE7109856DF92C1A74F884" pageId="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBE7109856DF92C1A93F8F8" blockId="9.[260,646,1789,1814]" box="[260,646,1789,1814]" pageId="9">
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<heading id="120C8184FFBE7109856DF92C1A93F8F8" box="[260,646,1789,1814]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="9" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBE7109856DF92C1A93F8F8" authority="GEN. & SP. INDET." box="[260,646,1789,1814]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBE7109856DF92C1A93F8F8" bold="true" box="[260,646,1789,1814]" pageId="9">MONACHINAE GEN. & SP. INDET.</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBE710984F8F8E41A74F884" blockId="9.[145,759,1846,1899]" pageId="9">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBE710984F8F8E4196DF8A2" box="[145,376,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="9">Referred specimen:</emphasis>
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NMV P232849, isolated right humerus, collected by R. Wilkie (
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<figureCitation id="D1C02A6DFFBE7109866DF8871A44F884" box="[516,593,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="12.[163,243,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[188,1416,196,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[187,1418,195,1772]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 11. Monachinae, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P232849, isolated right humerus. A, posterior view. B, lateral view. C, anterior view. D, anteromedial view. E, posteromedial view. F, proximal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300501/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01E16563FFBE710D8740FA1A1D14FED8" lastPageId="13" pageId="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBE71098740FA1A1D64F8C0" blockId="9.[809,1425,1479,1900]" pageId="9">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBE71098740FA1A1BD1FA33" box="[809,964,1480,1501]" italics="true" pageId="9">Description:</emphasis>
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NMV P232849 (
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<figureCitation id="D1C02A6DFFBE710980CDFA151CEBFA32" box="[1188,1278,1479,1501]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="12.[163,243,1812,1834]" captionTargetBox="[188,1416,196,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[187,1418,195,1772]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 11. Monachinae, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P232849, isolated right humerus. A, posterior view. B, lateral view. C, anterior view. D, anteromedial view. E, posteromedial view. F, proximal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300501/files/figure.png" pageId="9">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
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) is a right humerus. The most anterior extent of the deltopectoral crest is missing, as is the lateral epicondyle. NMV P232849 represents a monachine phocid on the basis of a deltopectoral crest that curves gradually down the shaft, and the lack of an entepicondylar foramen. The lesser tubercle is slightly damaged anteriorly and posteriorly. The lesser tubercle, greater tubercle and the head are the same level. The bicipital groove is narrow and shallow, lacking a deep insertion for the m. supraspinatus. The head is rounded, but compressed proximodistally in both posterior and lateral views.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBE710A8728F8E51C6AF8C3" blockId="9.[809,1425,1479,1900]" lastBlockId="10.[827,1443,1632,1899]" lastPageId="10" pageId="9">The deltopectoral crest is anteroposteriorly deep, tapering towards the distal end of the shaft. The lateral surface posterior to the crest (the fossa for m. brachialis) is shallow. A deltopectoral overhang usually forms the anterior border of the m. brachialis fossa. The absence of an overhang suggests a more weakly developed m. brachialis. The deltoid tuberosity of NMV P232849 is laterally bulbous and large relative to the small size of the deltopectoral crest. The medial surface of the shaft is concave, smoothly transitioning into the medial epicondyle. Despite the lack of a preserved lateral epicondylar crest, it appears that the olecranon fossa is shallow. What is preserved of the trochlea on the medial side is small, but there may be a substantial portion missing due to the lack of the lateral epicondyle. The coronoid fossa is deep relative to the size of the medial epicondyle, and a visible outline is present between the trochlea and the epicondyles.</paragraph>
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<caption id="1D846660FFBD710A84CBF9F11D5EF9D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300497" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300497" box="[162,1355,1571,1593]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300497/files/figure.png" pageId="10" startId="10.[162,240,1571,1593]" targetBox="[405,1203,197,1530]" targetPageId="10">
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBD710A84CBF9F11D5EF9D7" blockId="10.[162,1355,1571,1593]" box="[162,1355,1571,1593]" pageId="10">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBD710A84CBF9F1191FF9D6" bold="true" box="[162,266,1571,1593]" pageId="10">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBD710A857FF9F11963F9D7" baseAuthorityName="King" baseAuthorityYear="1983" box="[278,374,1571,1593]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
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, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P160433, articulated thoracic vertebrae and ribs in right lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFBD710D873AF8E419A0FCED" blockId="10.[827,1443,1632,1899]" lastBlockId="13.[145,762,197,1905]" lastPageId="13" pageId="10">
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The fossa for the m. triceps brachii caput mediale in NMV P232849 is deep in comparison to the majority of phocids. Other taxa with a deep m. triceps brachii caput mediale are the phocine
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D85A9FF361AECFF17" authorityName="USNM" baseAuthorityName="Erxleben" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[448,761,228,249]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pagophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="groenlandicus">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85A9FF361AECFF17" box="[448,761,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="13">Pagophilus groenlandicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK 1938.12.10.1), the extinct monachine
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D84F8FEF31A8CFED9" authority="Dewaele et al., 2018 b" authorityName="Dewaele" authorityYear="2018" box="[145,665,289,311]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Auroraphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlantica">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D84F8FEF3198DFED8" box="[145,408,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="13">Auroraphoca atlantica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D85C9FEF31A8CFED9" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[416,665,289,311]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Dewaele
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8663FEF01A28FED8" box="[522,573,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018b
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM 181419) and the extinct lobodontin
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8674FE92195EFE9A" authority="de Muizon, 1981" authorityName="de Muizon" authorityYear="1981" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Piscophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pacifica">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8674FE921AECFEBB" box="[541,761,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="13">Piscophoca pacifica</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F8FE8C195EFE9A" author="de Muizon C" box="[145,331,350,372]" pageId="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref11955" refString="de Muizon C. 1981. Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Premiere paretie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae, Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud-Sacaco. Memoire de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 50: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1981">de Muizon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MNHN.F.SAS564), but the condition is not as well developed as in NMV P232849. The proximal level of the lesser tubercle is level with the head (when resting on the medial epicondyle), similar to stem-Lobodontini (
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D85E2FE0B1A33FE00" author="Hendey QB & Repenning CA" box="[395,550,473,495]" pageId="13" pagination="79 - 98" refId="ref11500" refString="Hendey QB, Repenning CA. 1972. A Pliocene phocid from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 59: 79 - 98." type="journal article" year="1972">Hendey, 1972</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D865DFE0B1AE6FE00" author="de Muizon C" box="[564,755,473,495]" pageId="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref11955" refString="de Muizon C. 1981. Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Premiere paretie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae, Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud-Sacaco. Memoire de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 50: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1981">de Muizon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F8FE2A19D1FDE3" author="Amson E & de Muizon C" box="[145,452,504,526]" pageId="13" pagination="523 - 548" refId="ref10210" refString="Amson E, de Muizon C. 2014. A new durophagous phocid (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the late Neogene of Peru and considerations on monachine seals phylogeny. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12: 523 - 548." type="journal article" year="2014">Amson & de Muizon, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8661FE2A195FFDC2" authority="Slater & Helgen, 2014" authorityName="Slater & Helgen" authorityYear="2014" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Neomonachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8661FE2A1ABCFDE3" box="[520,681,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="13">Neomonachus</emphasis>
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Slater & Helgen, 2014
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</taxonomicName>
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(USNM 395999 and USNM 22543). This differs from extant and extinct
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8651FDE71AB6FDA5" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1821" box="[568,675,565,587]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phocinae">Phocinae</taxonomicName>
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, extant
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D84F8FD86190BFD84" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[145,286,596,618]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="tribe" tribe="Lobodontini">Lobodontini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8543FD861A08FD87" authority="monachus" authorityName="monachus (Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[298,541,596,617]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8543FD861A08FD87" box="[298,541,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="13">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8642FD861932FD66" authority="Tavani, 1941" authorityName="Tavani" authorityYear="1941" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etrusca">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8642FD861AEDFD87" box="[555,760,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="13">Pliophoca etrusca</emphasis>
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Tavani, 1941
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D850BFDA11A4EFD66" authority="Gray, 1827" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1827" box="[354,603,627,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Mirounga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D850BFDA119C1FD66" box="[354,468,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="13">Mirounga</emphasis>
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Gray, 1827
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</taxonomicName>
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, in which the lesser tubercle greatly extends proximal to the level of the head (see:
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8500FD621A57FD28" author="Berta A & Kienle S & Bianucci G & Sorbi S" box="[361,578,688,710]" pageId="13" pagination="889144" refId="ref10338" refString="Berta A, Kienle S, Bianucci G, Sorbi S. 2015. A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 889144." type="journal article" year="2015">
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Berta
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85D1FD6219FBFD2B" box="[440,494,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
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., 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Like most of
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D84F8FD1C1949FD0A" authority=", NMV P" authorityName="NMV P" box="[145,348,718,740]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae, NMV P</taxonomicName>
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232849 has a greater tubercle level with the head proximally.
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</paragraph>
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|
||
<paragraph id="494436E8FFBC710B84F8F9141C51F881" blockId="11.[145,1425,1734,1903]" pageId="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBC710B84F8F9141913F935" bold="true" box="[145,262,1734,1756]" pageId="11">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBC710B8578F9141964F932" box="[273,369,1734,1756]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P160433, close-ups of articulated thoracic vertebrae and ribs. A, right lateral view of thoracic vertebrae 9 and 10 and right rib 9, showing articulated ribs. B, dorsal view of thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11, showing the differing associations of the mamillary process with the anterior articular process. C, lateral–ventral view of thoracic vertebrae 9 and 10 with ribs in articulation with anterior and posterior costal fovea, and 11 with rib only in articulation with the anterior costal fovea. D, right lateral view of thoracic vertebrae 11 (anticlinal vertebrae). E, right lateral view of thoracic vertebrae 13 and 14. F, dorsal view of thoracic vertebrae 13 and 14.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="1D846660FFBB710C84CAF8C61BAAF8A9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300501" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300501" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300501/files/figure.png" pageId="12" startId="12.[163,243,1812,1834]" targetBox="[188,1416,196,1770]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="494436E8FFBB710C84CAF8C61BAAF8A9" blockId="12.[163,1442,1812,1863]" pageId="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBB710C84CAF8C6190EF8C7" bold="true" box="[163,283,1812,1834]" pageId="12">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBB710C854EF8C619B9F8C4" box="[295,428,1812,1834]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="12" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P232849, isolated right humerus. A, posterior view. B, lateral view. C, anterior view. D, anteromedial view. E, posteromedial view. F, proximal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="494436E8FFBA710D84C0FCDE19F6FBDB" blockId="13.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="13">
|
||
The compressed condition of the head of NMV P232849 is similar to that seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8665FCF81AECFCD1" authority="monachus" authorityName="monachus (Hermann" authorityYear="1779" box="[524,761,810,831]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Monachus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8665FCF81AECFCD1" box="[524,761,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="13">Monachus monachus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1894.7.27.1),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D85F5FC9B1A91FCB1" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" box="[412,644,841,863]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85F5FC9B1A91FCB1" box="[412,644,841,863]" italics="true" pageId="13">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NHMUK 1965.8.2.1) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8536FCBA1935FC72" authority="Dewaele et al., 2018 b" authorityName="Dewaele" authorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Virginiaphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magurai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8536FCBA1A93FC93" box="[351,646,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="13">Virginiaphoca magurai</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D86F8FCBA1935FC72" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D84F8FC5518D1FC75" box="[145,196,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM 639750). There is little division between the head and lesser tubercle, such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D84F8FC16190AFC37" box="[145,287,964,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Virginiaphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magurai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D84F8FC16190AFC37" box="[145,287,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="13">V. magurai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D850FFC161AA2FC37" box="[358,695,964,985]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="changorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D850FFC161AA2FC37" box="[358,695,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="13">Australophoca changorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The narrow, shallow bicipital groove is a feature not found in extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8568FBD3199AFBF9" box="[257,399,1025,1047]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but shared with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8631FBD319C8FBDB" authority="(Valenzuela-Toro et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Valenzuela-Toro" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="changorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8631FBD31AECFBF8" box="[600,761,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="13">A. changorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F0FBF219C1FBD8" author="Valenzuela-Toro AM & Pyenson ND & Gutstein CS & Suarez ME" box="[153,468,1056,1078]" pageId="13" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref12703" refString="Valenzuela-Toro AM, Pyenson ND, Gutstein CS, Suarez ME. 2016. A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere. Papers in Palaeontology 2: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Valenzuela-Toro
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8531FBF2199CFBDB" box="[344,393,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="494436E8FFBA710D84C0FBEC1AEFFA0D" blockId="13.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="13">
|
||
The anteroposteriorly wide deltopectoral crest is similar to the state in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D85DAFB8F1A1BFB7F" authority="(Valenzuela-Toro et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Valenzuela-Toro" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="changorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85DAFB8F1AEDFB9C" box="[435,760,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="13">Australophoca changorum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F3FBAE1A14FB7C" author="Valenzuela-Toro AM & Pyenson ND & Gutstein CS & Suarez ME" box="[154,513,1148,1170]" pageId="13" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref12703" refString="Valenzuela-Toro AM, Pyenson ND, Gutstein CS, Suarez ME. 2016. A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere. Papers in Palaeontology 2: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Valenzuela-Toro
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D851BFBAE19BEFB7F" box="[370,427,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The fossa for the m. brachialis is much deeper in multiple fossil phocid taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84BAFB6B19DEFB21" author="Dewaele L & Lambert O & Louwye S" box="[211,459,1209,1231]" pageId="13" pagination="3024" refId="ref10802" refString="Dewaele L, Lambert O, Louwye S. 2017 b. On Prophoca and Leptophoca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications. PeerJ 5: e 3024." type="journal article" year="2017">Dewaele et al., 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D85BEFB6B1A0AFB21" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[471,543,1209,1231]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as it is for extant phocines. NMV P232849 lacks the deltopectoral overhang that is present in extant phocines, the extinct phocine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D853BFAC71A09FAA7" authority="(van Beneden, 1876) (Dewaele et al., 2017 b)" baseAuthorityName="van Beneden" baseAuthorityYear="1876" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proxima">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D853BFAC71A51FAC5" box="[338,580,1301,1323]" italics="true" pageId="13">Leptophoca proxima</emphasis>
|
||
(van Beneden, 1876) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8499FAE61A07FAA4" author="Dewaele L & Lambert O & Louwye S" box="[240,530,1332,1354]" pageId="13" pagination="3024" refId="ref10802" refString="Dewaele L, Lambert O, Louwye S. 2017 b. On Prophoca and Leptophoca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications. PeerJ 5: e 3024." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8503FAE619B3FAA7" box="[362,422,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2017b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the extinct monachines
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D854CFA801A03FA86" authorityName=": Hendey" authorityYear="1972" box="[293,534,1362,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D854CFA801A03FA86" box="[293,534,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="13">Homiphoca capensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D863AFA8018E2FA69" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Virginiaphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magurai">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D863AFA8018E2FA69" italics="true" pageId="13">Virginiaphoca magurai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A variation of the deltopectoral overhang is present in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8546FA4218CBFA2A" authority="(Dewaele et al., 2018 b)" baseAuthorityName="Dewaele" baseAuthorityYear="2018" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Auroraphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atlantica">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8546FA421A2CFA4B" box="[303,569,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="13">Auroraphoca atlantica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8622FA4218C0FA2A" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D86DEFA421AFEFA4B" box="[695,747,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with a distinct separation of the feature on the lateral surface present on the proximal and distal end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="494436E8FFBA710D84C0FA3E1D14FED8" blockId="13.[145,762,197,1905]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1424,197,311]" pageId="13">
|
||
The medial side of the diaphysis is concave in posterior view, a feature present in multiple extant and fossil monachines, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D8674F9FB1997F9B3" authority="(Berta et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Berta" baseAuthorityYear="2015" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pliophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etrusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8674F9FB1AEDF9D1" box="[541,760,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="13">Pliophoca etrusca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F3F99A196CF9B3" author="Berta A & Kienle S & Bianucci G & Sorbi S" box="[154,377,1607,1629]" pageId="13" pagination="889144" refId="ref10338" refString="Berta A, Kienle S, Bianucci G, Sorbi S. 2015. A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 889144." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Berta
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8485F99A1937F9B3" box="[236,290,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D85AEF99A19ACF992" authority="(de Muizon & Hendey, 1980)" baseAuthorityName="de Muizon & Hendey" baseAuthorityYear="1980" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Homiphoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="capensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85AEF99A1ADDF9B3" box="[455,712,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="13">Homiphoca capensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D86B4F99A19BAF995" author="de Muizon C & Hendey QB" pageId="13" pagination="91 - 128" refId="ref12068" refString="de Muizon C, Hendey QB. 1980. Late tertiary seals of the South Atlantic Ocean. Annals of the South African Museum 82: 91 - 128." type="journal article" year="1980">de Muizon & Hendey, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as multiple North Atlantic species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8536F9571A49F975" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[351,604,1669,1691]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D85A5F95419EAF974" box="[460,511,1669,1691]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The medial diaphysis smoothly transitions into the medial epicondyle, unlike the more abrupt transition observed in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D850BF93319D8F919" box="[354,461,1761,1783]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The medial epicondyle of NMV P232849 is relatively small compared to other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D84F8F8CC1933F8DA" box="[145,294,1822,1844]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Monachinae">Monachinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8553F8CC1A12F8DD" author="de Muizon C" box="[314,519,1822,1844]" pageId="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref11955" refString="de Muizon C. 1981. Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Premiere paretie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae, Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud-Sacaco. Memoire de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 50: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1981">de Muizon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8670F8CD1AE4F8DA" author="Berta A & Kienle S & Bianucci G & Sorbi S" box="[537,753,1822,1844]" pageId="13" pagination="889144" refId="ref10338" refString="Berta A, Kienle S, Bianucci G, Sorbi S. 2015. A reevaluation of Pliophoca etrusca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Pliocene of Italy: phylogenetic and biogeographic implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 889144." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Berta
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8601F8CD1A8BF8DD" box="[616,670,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D84F8F8EF19C8F8BD" author="Valenzuela-Toro AM & Pyenson ND & Gutstein CS & Suarez ME" box="[145,477,1853,1875]" pageId="13" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref12703" refString="Valenzuela-Toro AM, Pyenson ND, Gutstein CS, Suarez ME. 2016. A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere. Papers in Palaeontology 2: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Valenzuela-Toro
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8533F8EC199BF8BC" box="[346,398,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8585F8EF1AFCF8BD" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[492,745,1853,1875]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D8630F8EC1A99F8BC" box="[601,652,1853,1875]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The shallow olecranon fossa is a common feature of fossil and extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFBA710D807EFF171C91FF35" box="[1047,1156,197,219]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but is not necessarily exclusive to them (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D806AFF311CEBFF17" author="Dewaele L & Lambert O & Louwye S" box="[1027,1278,227,249]" pageId="13" pagination="3024" refId="ref10802" refString="Dewaele L, Lambert O, Louwye S. 2017 b. On Prophoca and Leptophoca (Pinnipedia, Phocidae) from the Miocene of the North Atlantic realm: redescription, phylogenetic affinities and paleobiogeographic implications. PeerJ 5: e 3024." type="journal article" year="2017">Dewaele et al., 2017b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8160FF311D47FF17" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[1289,1362,227,249]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">2018b</bibRefCitation>
|
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). The coronoid fossa is deep relative to other monachines (
|
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8758FEF31BFAFED8" author="de Muizon C" box="[817,1007,289,311]" pageId="13" pagination="1 - 88" refId="ref11955" refString="de Muizon C. 1981. Les vertebres fossiles de la Formation Pisco (Perou). Premiere paretie: deux nouveaux Monachinae (Phocidae, Mammalia) du Pliocene de Sud-Sacaco. Memoire de l'Institut Francais d'Etudes Andines 50: 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1981">de Muizon, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFBA710D8794FEF31CE4FED9" author="Dewaele L & Peredo CM & Meyvisch P & Louwye S" box="[1021,1265,289,311]" pageId="13" pagination="172437" refId="ref10889" refString="Dewaele L, Peredo CM, Meyvisch P, Louwye S. 2018 b. Diversity of late Neogene Monachinae (Carnivora, Phocidae) from the North Atlantic, with the description of two new species. Royal Society Open Science 5: 172437." type="journal article" year="2018">
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Dewaele
|
||
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFBA710D800FFEF01C83FED8" box="[1126,1174,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="13">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018b
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
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</document> |