177 lines
21 KiB
XML
177 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="CF6085A1534F45CFEF5B209EB745E977" ID-CLB-Dataset="276297" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa075" ID-GBIF-Dataset="675d3710-fbc7-4282-b8fe-6fc06786aa2b" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5300479" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630096975405" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Rule, James P, Adams, Justin W & Fitzgerald, Erich M G" docDate="2021" docId="C15287FEFFB271058566FD9A1CDBF9B3" docLanguage="en" docName="zlaa075.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/4/1160/5877026" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Phocidae GEN. & SP. INDET." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" masterDocId="3D6BFF86FFB771008469FFD21815FFEE" masterDocTitle="Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1160" masterPageNumber="1160" pageNumber="1160" updateTime="1699150502096" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="39228BB03E5A18E444B8A737CF4A48E0">
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<mods:title id="A40160FD270656F86F336D81DB33C86F">Colonization of the ancient southern oceans by small-sized Phocidae: new evidence from Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6D70BBC96E898A63AA07F53BB63DC8D3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9FD7AFFF8ED3C4F8E5A0B6358594356B">Rule, James P</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9FCE7889C0671C10E784FC7B18E62D3E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="12A06FB305C2BA9011CF0194BC3E4559">Adams, Justin W</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="03C9A3E0E158AF1A21FE284B99485AEF" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="0FFE2B350DEAFFBEC547E1F15F5CB31B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BCA71617F34D3265637CFBC73DF03038">Fitzgerald, Erich M G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D4D738756221AD8D76E4255C12694525">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="60CE1C4943FE3DB7F9901A4FD75985BC">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="1824C95A0B73A7C7C1143B01DF8E35D8">
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<mods:date id="1517F24CCF7FC78296B5624E4E901812">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EE9CC36F3F766F3BDD74C5EAE42E3A74" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="5DDBBF0A2CC80DB04608A2A1C21939C0">2021-04-01</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2476EB1C2CA7A455E7CA460559B692FC">191</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B4C12843A3630DBAEEE2A9CA08BAD1BB">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="203BA174A760D323AC37CA6B1C7383EB">1160</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="92FE07B09C28F7F756EC01D52EEA052C">https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/4/1160/5877026</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="8DD7C176B31DC03ECA20A6EFB0132B23">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="14053DDBA44B35CE7AFEBF6DEEC7CAD3" type="CLB-Dataset">276297</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="BF766F7F99D483C7E22C63956325931F" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa075</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="60CB724A673A9FCFBB446BC9FE4DDF7F" type="GBIF-Dataset">675d3710-fbc7-4282-b8fe-6fc06786aa2b</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="697EDF90B0D8866040CFCB0F969AC480" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F3B2ADB7ED9A9F9A8F00E4848D016A4E" type="Zenodo-Dep">5300479</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C15287FEFFB271058566FD9A1CDBF9B3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217229088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C15287FEFFB271058566FD9A1CDBF9B3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C15287FEFFB271058566FD9A1CDBF9B3" pageId="5">
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<subSubSection id="01E16563FFB271058566FD9A1A6FFD8F" box="[271,634,584,609]" pageId="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFB271058566FD9A1A6FFD8F" blockId="5.[271,634,584,609]" box="[271,634,584,609]" pageId="5">
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<heading id="120C8184FFB271058566FD9A1A6FFD8F" box="[271,634,584,609]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058566FD9A1A6FFD8F" bold="true" box="[271,634,584,609]" pageId="5">
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?
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB271058575FD9A1A6FFD8F" ID-CoL="625XL" authority="GEN. & SP. INDET." box="[284,634,584,609]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">PHOCIDAE GEN. & SP. INDET.</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01E16563FFB2710584F8FD431CDBF9B3" pageId="5" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFB2710584F8FD431937FD0A" blockId="5.[145,761,657,740]" pageId="5">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710584F8FD431964FD49" box="[145,369,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="5">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058517FD4019AEFD49" box="[382,443,658,679]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198, upper left or lower right canine with complete crown (
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<figureCitation id="D1C02A6DFFB271058676FD621A4AFD2B" box="[543,607,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[146,229,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[150,756,1243,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-744@5.[149,757,1242,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4.?Phocidae, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P16198, isolated upper left or lower right canine tooth, whitened with ammonium chloride. A, lingual view. B, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300487/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), collected by J. M. Wilson.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFB2710584F8FCDC1D87FC16" blockId="5.[145,761,781,1202]" lastBlockId="5.[809,1426,197,1629]" pageId="5">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710584F8FCDC1938FCCD" box="[145,301,782,803]" italics="true" pageId="5">Description:</emphasis>
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The tooth
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB2710585A3FCDC1A1EFCCD" box="[458,523,782,803]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198 is nearly complete, with only the distal tip of the root missing (
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<figureCitation id="D1C02A6DFFB2710584F3FC9818CAFC8E" box="[154,223,842,864]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[146,229,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[150,756,1243,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-744@5.[149,757,1242,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4.?Phocidae, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P16198, isolated upper left or lower right canine tooth, whitened with ammonium chloride. A, lingual view. B, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300487/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058490FC99192DFC8E" box="[249,312,843,864]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198 was originally identified as a squalodontid cetacean tooth (
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB271058665FCBB1A94FC91" author="Gill E" box="[524,641,873,895]" pageId="5" pagination="135 - 203" refId="ref11366" refString="Gill E. 1957. The stratigraphical occurrence and palaeoecology of some Australian Tertiary marsupials. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 21: 135 - 203." type="journal article" year="1957">Gill, 1957</bibRefCitation>
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), but was subsequently identified as a pinniped, possibly representing a phocid incisor (
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB27105859BFC741A85FC52" author="Fordyce RE" box="[498,656,934,956]" pageId="5" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref11153" refString="Fordyce RE. 1982. A review of Australian fossil Cetacea. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 43: 43 - 58." type="journal article" year="1982">Fordyce, 1982</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB2710586F7FC741965FC34" author="Fordyce RE & Flannery T" pageId="5" pagination="99 - 100" refId="ref11204" refString="Fordyce RE, Flannery T. 1983. Fossil phocid seals from the late Tertiary of Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 95: 99 - 100." type="journal article" year="1983">Fordyce & Flannery, 1983</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB2710585EDFC141A4BFC34" author="Long JA & Archer M & Flannery T & Hand S" box="[388,606,965,987]" pageId="5" refId="ref11679" refString="Long JA, Archer M, Flannery T, Hand S. 2002. Prehistoric mammals of Australia and New Guinea: one hundred million years of evolution. Sydney: JHU Press." type="book" year="2002">
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Long
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710585A7FC141A12FC34" box="[462,519,965,987]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
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., 2002
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</bibRefCitation>
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). While the narrowing at the base of the crown is reminiscent of incisors,
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB27105849FFBD11926FBF6" box="[246,307,1027,1048]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198 is interpreted here as a canine based on a relatively thick root, as opposed to the tapering, mesiodistally flattened nature of incisor roots. This thickening of the root is only present in the derived caniform incisors of Leopard seals,
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB2710586EEFBAF19F8FB5C" authority="(Blainville, 1820)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710586EEFBAF18EEFB5F" italics="true" pageId="5">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
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(Blainville, 1820)
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</taxonomicName>
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, which have a more exaggerated narrowing at the base of the crown, and is not present on the incisors of any other pinniped. The enamelocementum boundary allows for orientation, with a straight profile characteristic of the labial aspect of a canine and an angular enamelocementum boundary profile characteristic of the lingual aspect (
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<figureCitation id="D1C02A6DFFB271058758FEAF1B7AFE7C" box="[817,879,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[146,229,1817,1839]" captionTargetBox="[150,756,1243,1777]" captionTargetId="figure-744@5.[149,757,1242,1778]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4.?Phocidae, gen. & sp. indet., NMV P16198, isolated upper left or lower right canine tooth, whitened with ammonium chloride. A, lingual view. B, labial view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5300487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5300487/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). The cingulum is prominent on the lingual side, being slightly smaller on the labial side. Apicobasal ridges are concentrated on the labial side of the canine, being more prominent distally. This specimen is interpreted as either a lower right or an upper left canine, on the basis that the root is recurved towards the labial side, a ridge is present on the lingual side and there is a strong curvature along the tooth as a whole. While the ridge and the strong curvature are more common in mandibular canines, they are also variable between canine positions. Specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB271058740FD1C1C16FD0D" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" box="[809,1027,718,739]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058740FD1C1C16FD0D" box="[809,1027,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="5">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058078FD1C1C45FD0D" box="[1041,1104,718,739]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C23614 and
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058082FD1D1D3CFD0A" box="[1259,1321,719,740]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C31561) demonstrate that the lingual ridge can be present on the lingual surface of upper canines, as well as the lowers. Upper canines of Ross seal,
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB27105808AFCF81BE9FCB1" authority="(Gray, 1844)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1844" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Ommatophoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rossii">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB27105808AFCF81B7DFCB1" italics="true" pageId="5">Ommatophoca rossii</emphasis>
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(Gray, 1844)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058062FC9B1C5FFCB0" box="[1035,1098,841,862]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C7354.1), and Weddell seal,
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB271058740FCBA1CFEFC90" authority="(Lesson, 1826)" baseAuthorityName="Lesson" baseAuthorityYear="1826" box="[809,1259,872,894]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Leptonychotes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weddellii">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058740FCBA1C29FC93" box="[809,1084,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="5">Leptonychotes weddellii</emphasis>
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(Lesson, 1826)
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058093FCBA1D2CFC93" box="[1274,1337,872,893]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C7297,
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058740FC551B87FC72" box="[809,914,903,924]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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1951.5.1.4), also possess strong curvature, demonstrating that it is not exclusively a mandibular character. Hence these characters cannot be used to ascertain between the upper or lower canine positions.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="494436E8FFB271058728FBD31CDBF9B3" blockId="5.[809,1426,197,1629]" pageId="5">
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The relatively short, curved crown and the apiciobasal ridges (an aquatic adaptation;
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<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB27105814EFBF21BBDFBBD" author="McCurry MR & Evans AR & Fitzgerald EMG & McHenry CR & Bevitt J & Pyenson ND" pageId="5" pagination="245 - 259" refId="ref11827" refString="McCurry MR, Evans AR, Fitzgerald EMG, McHenry CR, Bevitt J, Pyenson ND. 2019. The repeated evolution of dental apicobasal ridges in aquatic-feeding mammals and reptiles. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127: 245 - 259." type="journal article" year="2019">
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McCurry
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058740FBED1B4EFBBD" box="[809,859,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
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., 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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) rule out possible carnivorous marsupials or terrestrial placentals. The presence of strong apiciobasal ridges and the robust nature of the crown (as opposed to the slender nature of otariids) suggest
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB271058740FB6B1B72FB20" box="[809,871,1209,1230]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198 may be a phocid. While some phocids do have strong apiciobasal ridges (such as
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<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB271058177FB0A1B84FAE5" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1820" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Hydrurga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptonyx">
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<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058177FB0A1B84FAE5" italics="true" pageId="5">Hydrurga leptonyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB2710587CDFB251BF1FAE2" box="[932,996,1271,1292]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C23614 and
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB2710580FBFB251CC7FAE2" box="[1170,1234,1271,1292]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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C31561), such ridges are highly variable in pinnipeds, and so this feature cannot be used to confidently assign
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<collectionCode id="2FEAAE2DFFB27105813BFAE61D85FAA7" box="[1362,1424,1332,1353]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34978" name="Museum Victoria" pageId="5" type="Museum">NMV</collectionCode>
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P16198 to
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|
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB2710587CFFA801C07FA86" box="[934,1042,1362,1384]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phocidae</taxonomicName>
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. The relatively small size is only slightly larger than the size of canines in the phocine seals
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|
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB271058704FA5D1C61FA4B" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[877,1140,1423,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Phoca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB271058704FA5D1BA1FA4A" box="[877,948,1423,1444]" italics="true" pageId="5">Phoca</emphasis>
|
|
Linnaeus, 1758
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB2710580D8FA421D85FA4B" authority="Scopoli, 1771" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1771" box="[1201,1424,1423,1445]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Pusa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710580D8FA421CFEFA4B" box="[1201,1259,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="5">Pusa</emphasis>
|
|
Scopoli, 1771
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Supporting Information, Appendix S6). However, it should be noted that canines can be sexually dimorphic. The only monachine that approaches the size of these small seals is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8EFB4D6BFFB2710587A7F9D81D14F9F1" box="[974,1281,1546,1567]" class="Mammalia" family="Phocidae" genus="Australophoca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="changorum">
|
|
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB2710587A7F9D81D14F9F1" box="[974,1281,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="5">Australophoca changorum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Valenzuela- Toro
|
|
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB27105870AF9FB1B80F9D0" box="[867,917,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
|
|
., 2016, for which no craniodental fossils are known (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2D6A4B19FFB2710587EDF9951CAAF9B3" author="Valenzuela-Toro AM & Pyenson ND & Gutstein CS & Suarez ME" box="[900,1215,1607,1629]" pageId="5" pagination="101 - 115" refId="ref12703" refString="Valenzuela-Toro AM, Pyenson ND, Gutstein CS, Suarez ME. 2016. A new dwarf seal from the late Neogene of South America and the evolution of pinnipeds in the southern hemisphere. Papers in Palaeontology 2: 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
|
Valenzuela-Toro
|
|
<emphasis id="7B8FEAFAFFB27105802AF99A1C61F9B2" box="[1091,1140,1607,1629]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
|
|
., 2016
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |