197 lines
28 KiB
XML
197 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="C24A223B8E059991A7F8EF0B7ECB5BB3" ID-CLB-Dataset="34731" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076" ID-GBIF-Dataset="803a91e9-a9df-4ba7-b724-aebe7209c92d" ID-PMC="PMC5345373" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-657-109" ID-PubMed="28331412" ID-ZooBank="C63537A4F30240218F87516622043976" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-657-109" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 657" ModsDocTitle="A review of the Pseudobarbusafer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa" checkinTime="1487625702765" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chakona, Albert & Skelton, Paul H." docDate="2017" docId="A93CB4786162706F63AA169788F7D5E0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 657: 109-140" docOrigin="ZooKeys 657" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076" docTitle="Pseudobarbus swartzi Chakona & Skelton, 2017, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="CCA9F17C-F36C-4B48-BAD9-C5AEA3B6D161" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="267254099D6EFF80A84CFFC35969FFAC" masterDocTitle="A review of the Pseudobarbusafer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="109" pageNumber="123" updateTime="1732729456762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="BB04465CF750D00D756BEA2422E97A4D" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EB47562A9336504B929460B1399FEFD9">
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<mods:title id="06E13E7BF30B240BA767800154A8D8DD">A review of the Pseudobarbusafer (Peters, 1864) species complex (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) in the eastern Cape Fold Ecoregion of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="302B8D0DE79A82871A556203BB0F3468" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="72462CFB63E0C858AB9B2F7F1DD0B22C">Chakona, Albert</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="23669A7CCF55F7F25ECAF0616BA87C55" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6AD70717CF9BB1962DE98B431587924A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="F424B2C4F7C6D6A95F8A1FEFA3FB98F2">Skelton, Paul H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="750A5AFC2F1A6F7886BA145D77F89D69">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="448C505F26A323D7558453971F89D52D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="8B40FC393D35FA9D83D85DDC685A0537">
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<mods:date id="C76A7A51ECD1686A4D14DC7EE8A2A888">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="03AF68E7E88D0531EF4521BE5C1F7FA7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7DF2168B38914661ECD055DCF0B5B981">657</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="347A096057DC891C44782D5237C8F2F0" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="E210CAAA5CC70B3E598CAB3DC974C0C6">109</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="2D7C07323304FFC5E5C63F0A0A79E076">140</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="2D23DC47441D24882EBC87EDFFF9B8EF">
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<mods:url id="03A79867C9B1604460E42BB49E75CA5B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="46C94DDC6AF6F960628979F08BA508AE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="15F654DBB53FE709A9420792DD0CE25D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.657.11076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="423441DD7585976D9CAF0A72F76BE197" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-657-109</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AD62E459F740474CD9A9FF5F55766BCD" type="ZooBank">C63537A4F30240218F87516622043976</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="A93CB4786162706F63AA169788F7D5E0" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127880025" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCA9F17C-F36C-4B48-BAD9-C5AEA3B6D161" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A93CB4786162706F63AA169788F7D5E0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" scope_family="Cyprinidae">
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<subSubSection id="6293A4E943723EAA960F9F697A2F381F" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="60AE536C963F15C1E5189118A9032D11" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
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<taxonomicName id="A5C3257A6CECBCEB33037DB32BD62B17" LSID="http://zoobank.org/CCA9F17C-F36C-4B48-BAD9-C5AEA3B6D161" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Teleostei" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="0437A6A4FB63287F825044FD1B36AEF1" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 5c, 6d
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9A66798D142816909B98EE82B67257AA" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="proposed common name">
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<paragraph id="3A2579F08C7406BDDA7E6AEF23DE3FDC" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Proposed common name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="195A9DFCEF5091B7CFED37F580EDFDF3" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Gamtoos redfin.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C7C295A1D64976AD8DE4339B2EA59B4E" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="holotype">
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<paragraph id="594C11056C7AD910C4BE556A53A87DD8" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="308CD0A10DDFBE42FCF941B33F0C2A08" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
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SAIAB 203792 (Field no: AC15AL39), male, 80.9 mm SL, Tributary of the Wabooms, Gamtoos River system, -
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<geoCoordinate id="3FC61FAB23B08DF4A2833E78CC1E8F05" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.863976">33.8639772 S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E1710DD28A4F2DCEE01EFFF78794E5D0" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.826334">23.8263333E</geoCoordinate>
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, collected by A Chakona, B Motshegoa, N Mazungula, W Kadye and R Smith, 21 January 2015.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6A171C06604F898076A19DBDEDC8488D" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph id="6C7EA634973DA1748D0FE5C011A357DE" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9BCA513F9A2EA999A165657B7DF6981" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
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SAIAB 203793 (Field no: AC15AL39), 9 unsexed, 35.4-76.0 mm SL, same locality information and collectors as holotype; MRAC 2016-032-P-0001-0004 (Field no: AC16AL02), 4 unsexed, 50.2-61.4 mm SL, main tributary of the Louterwater River, -
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<geoCoordinate id="B7D847C0768367A24A32B2308173E351" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.833363">33.8333611S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FD3CB84B4DFD39523C2030436954A714" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.637306">23.6373056E</geoCoordinate>
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, Gamtoos River system, collected by A Chakona, S Reddy and R Smith, 18 January 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="D34E203DDCA3131699E669793EB01109" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="72DD1C3ED42E44BF8F4C683BF0B184FB" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="78C9BD2C0BAD45F0DFD876B4F90C2930" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
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The species is named after Dr Ernst R. Swartz for his contribution to the biogeography and systematics of
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<taxonomicName id="2903609CA6F681767DD2E8EF072D35E8" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudobarbus</taxonomicName>
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and the role that he played in mentoring students working on the systematics and biogeography of southern African freshwater fishes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F66BDF617BA9F42F8098632FE58BF5B1" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="7B73D9F7811D69BC7833D24E4C40BA53" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="20B53FCB04B8B7EDB05760803F72B95A" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="14" pageNumber="123">
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Possession of a single pair of oral barbels separates
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<taxonomicName id="4EB4F32FA77DD91DC3EFCA296588DA51" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from
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<taxonomicName id="FF95AB8198A6E21E4EC86F1CB1485FCF" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus burchelli" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burchelli">Pseudobarbus burchelli</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="FD7E6F130E18C68109DAF336D7C9FEFF" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus burgi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="burgi">Pseudobarbus burgi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="2E051F465D9298764955CFA3577DE69B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus skeltoni" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="skeltoni">Pseudobarbus skeltoni</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="21F0C6F7A6933A493C6DB461191F69D4" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus verloreni" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="verloreni">Pseudobarbus verloreni</taxonomicName>
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all with two pairs. It differs from
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<taxonomicName id="B1A00C6129F142E6A7D4868EFFB402A8" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus quathlambae" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="14" pageNumber="123" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quathlambae">Pseudobarbus quathlambae</taxonomicName>
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by having larger scales and fewer scale rows along the lateral line
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<pageBreakToken id="5EE880FAD9181C992E0D794380B012FB" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName id="857E1790BE869857F27B402B05BA183A" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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: 35-37, mode 35-36 lateral line scales;
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<taxonomicName id="013BBFCCF475199C08302BD80D0AC040" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus quathlambae" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quathlambae">Pseudobarbus quathlambae</taxonomicName>
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:> 65 scales along lateral line).
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<taxonomicName id="0CBF4F8F88554FF26CA3AFBCD39B5DC9" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9840CE08C15D027C04B214BA7A2F094B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus senticeps" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senticeps">Pseudobarbus senticeps</taxonomicName>
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show some overlap in barbel length (Figure 4), but are clearly separated by scale size (Figure 4).
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<taxonomicName id="7637E71504515A5D31815B48062C9A87" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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has a higher number of scale rows along the lateral line (34-37, mode 36) vs (25-33, mode 29), and around the caudal peduncle (13-17, mode 16) vs (10-12, mode 11) in
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<taxonomicName id="61F84DDE93848038958DFF07827F0068" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus senticeps" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senticeps">Pseudobarbus senticeps</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="FEA3E87FE9790EFDFAAC1FDEEBA1529F" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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further differs from
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<taxonomicName id="317F5FB04124A6F41BEB0B98D9C24806" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus senticeps" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senticeps">Pseudobarbus senticeps</taxonomicName>
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by lacking a conspicuous lateral stripe which terminates in a triangular blotch at the base of the caudal fin. While there is some overlap in scale counts between
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<taxonomicName id="7ABAED731ED42C0A5651630A1C18FCC5" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="2F8585C2ECC27A68838755B5B8533340" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus afer" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">Pseudobarbus afer</taxonomicName>
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, it is uncommon (see above).
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<taxonomicName id="B8A0B448FE419C4E8167AEF8012F7ABF" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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has a higher number of lateral scale series (34-37, mode 36) than
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<taxonomicName id="3841CA188C8FCC282965AFB8B736E6E5" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus afer" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">Pseudobarbus afer</taxonomicName>
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s.s which has fewer lateral scale series (29-35, mode 32). The two species further differ in scale pigmentation pattern (see Figure 6a, 6).
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<taxonomicName id="3A61366C8052CDF4BAE8EF9B669842E5" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus afer" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">Pseudobarbus afer</taxonomicName>
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has a band of pigment along the centre of the scales, leaving a clear band along the distal edges of the scale, and producing a distinct mesh or net-like pattern which is more conspicuous on the latero-ventral scales. This pattern is not evident in
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<taxonomicName id="526E25631AB46AE4FB81C0B87532EB7B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="C963BFC9D1211A479006D0D593B3BAAC" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differs from
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<taxonomicName id="BF3CA6E1EEAF22B5518E032984E5B047" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus asper" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="asper">Pseudobarbus asper</taxonomicName>
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by possession of fewer larger scales (lateral line scale series 34-37, mode 36 vs 35-45, mode 37-40; caudal peduncle scale rows 13-17, mode 16 vs 16-22, mode 18-20). Lack of prominent black spots and blotches on the body distinguishes
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<taxonomicName id="62DB872DCE23BE7EA15DBD9A6E20422B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="2345DD46BFA40E60FEA5248823D97F52" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus phlegethon" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="phlegethon">Pseudobarbus phlegethon</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FD4847ADED03E57D613200162559709F" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="49219BA14197C94C672AB2949C6316C5" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32C2D87827A5A88ABED8507B03AE057D" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">General appearance and colouration is shown in Figs 5c, 6d. Morphometric and meristic data summarised in Table 4 are based on 64 specimens (43.6 - 81.1 mm SL) collected from 11 localities across the Gamtoos River system. A fusiform minnow with body slightly compressed laterally. Predorsal profile convex, post dorsal profile straight and descending from origin of dorsal fin to caudal fin insertion. Ventral profile more or less straight from tip of snout to pelvic fin origin. Head relatively short, length almost equal to body depth, its dorsal profile distinctly convex, particularly from its tip to interorbital area. Mouth subterminal, its corner not reaching vertical through anterior margin of eye. Barbels attached from behind the rictus of the mouth, barbel length variable, with some individuals having long barbels reaching or surpassing vertical through posterior edge of the eye, while other individuals have much shorter barbels (see Figure 4c). The eye is located closer to the tip of the snout than to posterior edge of the operculum, eye diameter shorter than snout length. Snout blunt and moderately rounded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="488700A4CFB7B9991BFD45FB3A996270" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
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<taxonomicName id="B1A0C9D4A2C19CC5718D7EC2A4BB9FED" genus="Tuberculation" lsidName="Tuberculation" pageId="15" pageNumber="124" rank="genus">Tuberculation</taxonomicName>
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. Mature breeding males develop large conical tubercles on the snout and along the dorsal edge of the nares and eyes. Bilateral clusters on snout include 2-4 tubercles in mature ripe males. Smaller, scattered tubercles develop on the head dorsum. Bands of fine tubercles along dorsal surface of pectoral fin rays.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A6E45B0D0B72429B4A9E82D5E74201F4" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="125" pageId="15" pageNumber="124">
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Scales. Scale rows along lateral line 34-37 (mode 36) ending at hypural, with 1-2 more scales to base of caudal fin; 6-7 (mode 6) scale rows between lateral line and dorsal fin origin; 4-5 (mode 5) rows between lateral line and pelvic fin origin, 5 rows between lateral line and anal fin origin, 16-20 (mode 17-18) pre-dorsal scale rows, 13-17 (mode 16) scale rows around caudal peduncle. Triangular naked patch between the gill covers and anterior base of pectoral fins, scales between pectoral fin origin and pelvic fin origin reduced and embedded. Axillary scales of pelvic fin not prominent or
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<pageBreakToken id="8050B632D8331F3EF9A097BDAAFBF1A5" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" start="start">elongate</pageBreakToken>
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. Scales between posterior edge of head and dorsal fin origin embedded and smaller than flank scales.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="085987DAF3F6E996A216874FE7E67EFF" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Fins. Dorsal fin is inserted about mid-body (excluding caudal fin), origin slightly behind vertical through origin of pelvic fin, with 3-4 unbranched rays and 7 branched rays, distal margin straight to slightly, posterior tip of depressed dorsal fin does not reach vertical through posterior base of anal fin. Pectoral fins fan-shaped, larger in males than females, with 14-16 rays, tip of depressed pectoral fin almost overlapping with pelvic fin in large males, reaches 2 scales to base of pelvic fin in females. Pelvic fin with 8 rays, origin slightly in front of dorsal fin origin, tip of depressed pelvic fin not reaching anterior origin of anal fin, except in mature males. Anal fin with 3 simple rays and 5 branched rays, distal margin straight to slightly convex, origin closer to anterior base of pelvic fin than caudal fin base. In mature males, tip of depressed pelvic fin often surpass point of anal fin origin while they only reach up to the anus in females. Caudal fin is forked, with 10+9 principal rays.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F9575D4BC060944F0CA39DFE25CC7945" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Colouration (live and fresh specimens). Refer to Figure 5c for general live colouration. Body golden-tan laterally, becoming darker dorsally, and lighter to white ventrally. Base of fins bright red, operculum metallic gold.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="30C50CDEC0FF3AFA87313C3E86B678CC" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Colouration (preserved). Alcohol preserved specimens are dark greyish above the lateral line, light grey or whitish below the lateral line and ventrally, breast of freshly preserved specimens silvery (Figure 6). Mid lateral stripe present but comparatively obscure, black blotch at the base of caudal fin inconspicuous.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862D39E387A587FE34448E9A0FC24A3F" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Osteology. Total vertebrae including Weberian apparatus 37-38 (mode 37), predorsal vertebrae including Weberian apparatus 12-13 (mode 13), precaudal vertebrae including Weberian apparatus 19-20 (mode 20), caudal vertebrae including Weberian apparatus 17-18 (mode 18).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7D1DD527A803BD6F11CEB2E91DC8F547" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="9B200B1E0B8CE1CBA08BDBAB7EB8FF9C" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6AB750B33E94D19A54DD428BE8C3CD71" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="74597FB68FC036EE3A2FFB02C847404B" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. occurs in the Kougaberg, Baviaanskloofberg and Elandsberg tributaries of the Kouga and Groot sub-catchments of the Gamtoos River system, and the Kabeljous and Swart River systems which discharge into St Francis Bay (Figure 7). Remnant populations in the Kouga and Groot sub-catchments are highly fragmented due to invasion of the main stem sections of the rivers by alien predators in particular the African sharptooth catfish (
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<taxonomicName id="FD0A204D03FEAE8B4D31030EB56C5C71" family="Clariidae" genus="Clarias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clarias gariepinus" order="Siluriformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gariepinus">Clarias gariepinus</taxonomicName>
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) and the North American black bass species (
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<taxonomicName id="F974A16C3EFAF7A40A78A717662148D9" class="Insecta" family="Pyrgomorphidae" genus="Micropterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Micropterus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Micropterus</taxonomicName>
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spp.). The status and distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="148D77282D5477C6CD5AE02C77591033" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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populations in the Kabeljous and Swart river systems need to be assessed through fine scale geographic surveys. There is also need for investigations to determine the taxonomic status of redfins in the Seekoei and Maitland, two river systems which also discharge into St Francis Bay (Figure 7).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="177E7E19F276BD9BF7E29EF7628802EB" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" type="habitat">
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<paragraph id="EFCAD6E7A18650AB8E4C2C92C8CEE228" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="558E338F78BB838C2AC3428387D8EE19" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="AA51600EA993F16DCAE79D8B304F4EE8" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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inhabits perennial mountain streams with clear or peat stained water as well as cobble, pebbles and boulders.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0691003989A7EEF9C52655A847867641" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph id="24AD7E7CD58A978D69257BB12C34335A" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A7D008F86E3E2C2DCA9589EABD43D8D9" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="126" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">
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Remnant populations of the species are under severe threat from multiple human impacts including habitat degradation, complete water abstraction and potential invasion by alien fish predators and competitors that are now dominant in mainstem sections of the rivers (
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<bibRefCitation id="306EEEAF7445F5DF9899C2025EE4260B" author="Ellender, BR" journalOrPublisher="African Zoology" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" pagination="39 - 46" title="Invasion of a headwater stream by non-native fishes in the Swartkops River system, South Africa." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2011.11407477" volume="46" year="2011">Ellender et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="4A7F10E0CC5C34B3F876E2666D8E7641" author="Ellender, BR" journalOrPublisher="Biological Invasions" pageId="24" pageNumber="133" pagination="57 - 61" title="The invasibility of small headwater streams by an emerging invader, Clariasgariepinus." url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-014-0744-8" volume="17" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="AFE18493C5BFD5D84552090095BF5947" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus swartzi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="swartzi">Pseudobarbus swartzi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (referred to as
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<taxonomicName id="1C4CA6045E1D514F5DF30EBC313AC3DE" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Pseudobarbus</taxonomicName>
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sp. "
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<taxonomicName id="4574230581304FE82CDEC5BD995DED02" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Pseudobarbus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudobarbus afer" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="125" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="afer">afer</taxonomicName>
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Gamtoos" by
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<bibRefCitation id="BD8510BE084E1D1FF4BEB5C941B8759B" pageId="16" pageNumber="125">Tweddle et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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)
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<pageBreakToken id="A7106EE910EA103A8C74BE4E2E72849A" pageId="17" pageNumber="126" start="start">was</pageBreakToken>
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|
listed as Endangered following the IUCN assessment of the status and distribution of freshwater fishes in southern Africa (
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|
<bibRefCitation id="4260D333DE179FC4765BCCADB4CDFFD8" pageId="17" pageNumber="126">Tweddle et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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|
). Invasive alien fishes were identified as the single most important threat to this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |