324 lines
38 KiB
XML
324 lines
38 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D19EE0402713895ACC343BACAEDA5145">Sorting out Lalos: description of new species and additional taxonomic data on megophryid frogs from northern Indochina (genus Leptolalax, Megophryidae, Anura) 3147</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="795F43CBCA3E4D8A30A2FD66CF12EB5B">Ohler, Annemarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8BBD27D8C7ECC687B24E9F284F22DBFB">Wollenberg, Katharina C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="64BB58438006364CD725ECEEE97F0037">Grosjean, Stéphane</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55428A7589146113233E2ADDC14CA605">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="04118636DBED326A144BA7ED2DABEAFB">Dubois, Alain</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="34C7426BAE4D734D6BA727E5D8214963">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BEE7B72AB392406D31B8A468048AA91A">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2F926D9BB517FCE16CAA48B822A4BB9C">2011-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0B08C035126BAEA9A6B3CC58977093BF">3147</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="75468C2D6CFA5CD455A81FDCBE555065">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3147.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="1443CA538CEDEBA772F1F5ADB8996213" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3147.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="DC4F054FE355FFFF3108D786AA7FBDFA" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A83A879EFFB4932B5AE3FA65FBD3F96C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5247887" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5247887" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB4932B5AE3FA65FBD3F96C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A83A879EFFB4932B5AE3FA65FBD3F96C" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3FA65FD27FA4B" box="[151,657,1445,1471]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3FA65FD27FA4B" blockId="30.[151,657,1445,1471]" box="[151,657,1445,1471]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<heading id="7B6481E4FFB4932A5AE3FA65FD27FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,657,1445,1471]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5AE3FA65FD27FA4B" ID-CoL="3TQQH" authority="(Liu, 1950)" baseAuthorityName="Liu" baseAuthorityYear="1950" box="[151,657,1445,1471]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis" subGenus="Lalos">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3FA65FD27FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,657,1445,1471]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3FA65FDB4FA4B" bold="true" box="[151,514,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptolalax (Lalos) oshanensis</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5865FA65FD3FFA4B" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[529,649,1445,1471]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu, 1950</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFD80F9CB" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDF1F9F6" blockId="30.[151,1436,1516,1630]" box="[151,583,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="008311A6FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDF1F9F6" box="[151,583,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<treatmentCitation id="A1321099FFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDB9F9F6" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[151,527,1516,1538]" page="13" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" year="1950">
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<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5AE3FA2CFDB9F9F6" ID-CoL="3Z2C6" authority="Liu, 1950: 13" authorityName="Liu" authorityPageNumber="13" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,527,1516,1538]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3FA2CFEC8F9F6" box="[151,382,1516,1538]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megophrys oshanensis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5BF0FA2CFDB9F9F6" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[388,527,1516,1538]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu, 1950: 13</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 197.
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</paragraph>
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<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB4932A5AE3F9CAFD86F9CB" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCode="CIB 1000" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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Onymophoront, by original designation as “type”: holophoront (
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<typeStatus id="FF28882AFFB4932A595FF9CAFC3FF9D4" box="[811,905,1546,1568]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), Liu Collection 1000 (now
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<specimenCode id="70359EF3FFB4932A5EDAF9CAFAA0F9D4" box="[1198,1302,1546,1568]" collectionCode="CIB" country="China" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/vxkr-andy" name="Chengdu Institute of Biology" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">CIB 1000</specimenCode>
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), adult male,
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<collectionCode id="4682AE4DFFB4932A5AB3F9E9FF41F9CB" box="[199,247,1577,1599]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">SVL</collectionCode>
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27.0 mm (
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<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5B10F9E9FD9FF9CB" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[356,553,1577,1599]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950: 197–198</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC2F9AA" box="[151,1396,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="description">
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<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC2F9AA" blockId="30.[151,1436,1516,1630]" box="[151,1396,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<materialsCitation id="90FB3CD5FFB4932A5AE3F988FAC6F9AA" box="[151,1392,1608,1630]" collectingDate="1945-06-10" country="China" elevation="1070" latitude="29.583334" location="Liu" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="103.183334" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sichuan">
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Onymotope: Emei Shan (
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<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB4932A5BECF988FE4EF9A9" box="[408,504,1608,1630]" degrees="29" direction="north" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="29.583334">29°35’ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="45A7504FFFB4932A5877F988FDDAF9A9" box="[515,620,1608,1630]" degrees="103" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" precision="925" value="103.183334">103°11’ E</geoCoordinate>
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; alt.
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<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB4932A58E9F988FD5BF9A9" box="[669,749,1608,1630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1070.0">
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<elevation id="ABBED1BBFFB4932A58E9F988FD5BF9A9" box="[669,749,1608,1630]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0699999999999998" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="m" value="1070.0">1070 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB4932A588BF988FCE5F9AA" box="[767,851,1608,1630]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB4932A5929F988FC2BF9AA" box="[861,925,1608,1630]" name="China" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">China</collectingCountry>
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. Collected by
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<location id="254C6053FFB4932A5E59F988FBE6F9AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A83A879EFFB4932B5AE3FA65FBD3F96C:254C6053FFB4932A5E59F988FBE6F9AA" box="[1069,1104,1608,1630]" country="China" latitude="29.583334" longLatPrecision="1226" longitude="103.183334" name="Liu" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" stateProvince="Sichuan">Liu</location>
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Ch’eng-chao,
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<date id="542D1048FFB4932A5E92F988FAC6F9AA" box="[1254,1392,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1945-06-10">
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<collectingDate id="4469E9A0FFB4932A5E92F988FAC6F9AA" box="[1254,1392,1608,1630]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" value="1945-06-10">10 June 1945</collectingDate>
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</date>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932A5AE3F94AFD61F88E" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932A5AE3F94AFD61F88E" blockId="30.[151,1436,1674,2023]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AE3F94AFEA2F957" bold="true" box="[151,276,1674,1699]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Comment.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5B68F94BFD81F956" authorityName="Taylor" authorityYear="1962" box="[284,567,1675,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptobrachium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minimum">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5B68F94BFD81F956" box="[284,567,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Leptobrachium minimum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was considered a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A59ECF94BFB2FF957" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[920,1177,1675,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A59ECF94BFB2FF957" box="[920,1177,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Megophrys oshanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
by
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<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5EB1F94AFADAF956" author="Dubois, A." box="[1221,1388,1674,1698]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="182 - 192" refId="ref56838" refString="Dubois, A. (1981) Notes sur la systematique et la repartition des Amphibiens Anoures de Chine et des regions avoisinantes. V. Megophrys oshanensis Liu, 1950 et Leptobrachium minimum Taylor, 1962. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon, 50, 182 - 192." type="journal article" year="1981">Dubois (1981)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, but in the genetic analysis, onymotopic specimens of both species appear in distinct clades (
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||
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFFB4932A5E1BF96EFB02F932" box="[1135,1204,1710,1734]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks> 95 %, double asterisks> 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (> 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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). Thus we recognize them as a distinct species. The name
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<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A584EF913FD65F91F" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[570,723,1747,1771]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
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<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A584EF913FD65F91F" box="[570,723,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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should be restricted to Chinese populations. Here we give data from the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A5B90F936FDF9F8FA" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[484,591,1782,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), from Fei & Ye (1992) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB4932A59FCF936FC4BF8FA" author="Fei, L." box="[904,1021,1782,1806]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" refId="ref57244" refString="Fei, L. (1999) Atlas of amphibians of China. Zhengzhou: Henan Press of Science and Technology. [In Chinese]." type="book" year="1999">Fei (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for morphological diagnosis. Molecular evidence from sequences deposited in GenBank would indicate that the species as currently defined is not monophyletic. Further studies should be conducted to confirm these results as the sequences here included are from GenBank without indication of voucher specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB4932B5AB3F846FC1DFF03" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB4932B5AB3F846FC1DFF03" blockId="30.[151,1436,1674,2023]" lastBlockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5AB3F846FEF7F86B" bold="true" box="[199,321,1926,1951]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" reason="1">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Member of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB4932A5812F846FD12F86A" authorityName="Dubois, Grosjean, Ohler, Adler & Zhao" authorityYear="2010" box="[614,676,1926,1950]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Lalos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB4932A5812F846FD12F86A" box="[614,676,1926,1950]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Lalos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the presence of lateroventral glands and molecular phylogenetic relationships (
|
||
<figureCitation id="B8A82A0DFFB4932A5BF8F86AFE79F836" box="[396,463,1962,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="20.[151,249,1736,1759]" captionTargetBox="[281,1309,179,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-182@20.[281,1310,179,1706]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 4. Combined 16SrRNA Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype networks of 113 Leptolalax specimens with hierarchical outgroups (schematic representation in the grey box) The tree topology corresponds to the Bayesian topology obtained with three million generations, values on nodes indicate posterior probabilities (asterisks> 95 %, double asterisks> 99 %), and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support values (> 70 %). Red numbers are the percentage of uncorrected p - sequence divergence between selected sister clades. Minimum spanning haplotype networks for two Leptolalax-clades (connected to phylogenetic tree nodes marked grey) were obtained with TCS. Numbers on haplotype connections represent number of nucleotide substitutions. Numbers of specimens included in haplotype networks are: B5-1(12); B5-2(17); B5-3(6); B5-4(1); B4-1(8); B4- 2,3,4,7,8(1); B4-5(2); B4-6(3). Sampling localities are provided as pie charts within haplotype circles, circle size corresponds to the number of sampled individuals. Abbreviations for country of origin are as follows: L—Laos, M—Malaysia, T—Thailand, V—Vietnam. Newly described species and haplotype networks are coloured." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5246757" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5246757/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), distinguished from other species included in this subgenus by the following combination of characters: moderate-sized species (adult males
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB4932A5965F80FFC01F813" box="[785,951,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8649999999999998" metricValueMax="3.07" metricValueMin="2.66" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="28.65" valueMax="30.7" valueMin="26.6">26.6–30.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB4932A59A4F80FFB90F813" box="[976,1062,1999,2023]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[184,276,462,486]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature. In squared brackets: if not available as measures in mm ratios of SVL expressed as per thousands are given. For references see Table 5." pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
) without webbing between toes, without lateral fringes on toes, with distinct tympanum; thin irregular glandular ridges on back (Table 4); back reddish brown with pattern including a triangular spot between eyes and lighter glandular spots near vent; a few large dark spots on flanks; throat with dots, belly uniformly white (
|
||
<tableCitation id="6D110333FFB5932B5933FF1FFC2BFF03" box="[839,925,223,247]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="14.[147,239,355,379]" captionText="TABLE 5. Coloration patterns and eye colour of specimens of Leptolalax (Lalos). Data are either from observation of specimens mentioned in the relevant chapters on species or from literature." pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FEC3FEA6FBC7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FEC3FB28FECB" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FEC3FDBFFEE8" bold="true" box="[199,521,259,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description of holophoront</emphasis>
|
||
(rearranged from original description of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB5932B59A7FEC4FB8DFEE8" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[979,1083,260,284]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; numerous characters missing): Size and general aspect. (1) Specimen of small size (SVL 27.0 mm), body moderately stout.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FE8CFB7FFE58" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Head. (2) Head of medium size, as broad (HW
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5891FE8CFC88FE90" box="[741,830,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
) as long (HL
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B59ABFE8CFB8CFE90" box="[991,1082,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="9.5">9.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (3) Snout slightly protruding; (eye length EL 4.0 mm). (4) Canthus rostralis well defined, loreal region concave, oblique. (6) Nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes. (8) Tympanum visible (TYD
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B58A2FE54FC86FE58" box="[726,816,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
). (11) Tongue large, deeply notched.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FE77FF6DFDC8" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Forelimbs. (12) Forearm moderately slender (FLL 13.0 mm; HAL 7.0 mm). (14) Relative length of fingers, shortest to longest: I <II = IV <III. (15) Tips of fingers rounded, slightly enlarged. (17) Subarticular tubercles absent, but third finger with pad-like elongated elevations. (18) Inner metacarpal tubercle very large, outer one very small.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FD87FE3DFD53" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
Hindlimbs. (19) Hindlimbs thin (TL 12.0 mm); (FOL
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5953FD87FC39FDAB" box="[807,911,583,607]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="mm" value="11.5">11.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
); (TFOL 18.0 mm). (23) Webbing absent. (25) Toes ventrally with elongated pad-like elevations. (26) Inner metatarsal tubercle well developed. (28) Outer metatarsal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FD74FBEBFCAF" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Skin. (29) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: snout, region between eyes and side of head smooth; back with glandular ridges; a few light-coloured warts distributed around vent. (30) Supratympanic fold well-developed, from eye extending postero-ventral to shoulder region. (32) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat, chest, belly and thigh very smooth. (33) Presence of macroglands: lateroventral gland composed of white glands arranged in rows between axilla and groin; large oval suprabrachial and femoral glands present.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FCA7FB63FC1F" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Coloration. In life: (34) Dorsal and lateral parts of head and body: Reddish brown all over body with a black triangular mark on back of head, with a few black bars on mouth, and scattered black spots on body. (35) Dorsal parts of limbs: black bars distinctly developed. In alcohol: after preservation, the reddish brown becomes greyish brown. (36) Ventral parts of head, body and limbs: throat with irregular dots, belly without spots.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FC37FEA6FBC7" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Male secondary sexual characters: (38) Vocal sacs: no outer modification of skin; paired internal subgular vocal sacs.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FBFFFAD8FAC4" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FBFFFB95FBAC" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" box="[199,1059,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBFFFE0FFBAC" bold="true" box="[199,441,1087,1112]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBFFFED6FBAC" box="[199,352,1087,1112]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="58847618FFB5932B5B13FBFFFE02FBAC" box="[359,436,1087,1112]" name="China" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5BB4FB80FD38FBAC" box="[448,654,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Guizhou Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B58EDFB80FCFDFBAC" box="[665,843,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Hubei" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Hubei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5922FB80FBA9FBAC" box="[854,1055,1088,1112]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sichuan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FBA4FAD8FAC4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FBA4FE31FB88" bold="true" box="[199,391,1123,1148]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
As described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="44024B79FFB5932B5826FBA4FCBDFB88" author="Liu, C. - C." box="[594,779,1124,1148]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 400" refId="ref58915" refString="Liu, C. - C. (1950) Amphibians of Western China. Fieldiana: Zoological Memoirs, 2, 1 - 400, 10 pl." type="journal article" year="1950">Liu (1950: 199)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5950FBA5FC09FB88" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[804,959,1124,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5950FBA5FC09FB88" box="[804,959,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found under stones in corn fields on hillsides at about
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5B14FB48FE78FB54" box="[352,462,1160,1184]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="ft" value="3500.0">3500 feet</quantity>
|
||
. Adults are difficult to find, as I got only
|
||
<specimenCount id="3695FD01FFB5932B59D8FB48FBE4FB54" box="[940,1106,1160,1184]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of adult males in three summer’s work. Tadpoles are very abundant in small mountain streams.” The species is known to occur in mountain areas from
|
||
<quantity id="E76B9B6DFFB5932B5B6CFB10FE74FB13" box="[280,450,1232,1256]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="1250.0" valueMax="1800.0" valueMin="700.0">700 to 1800 m</quantity>
|
||
. Tadpoles were collected from side pools, in pools beneath cascades, on the bottom of pools, in cracks between stones, hiding in vegetation or roots of bamboos and trees at the margin of the water. They stay in shallow running water with the head directed up-stream and the tail curved like an eel (Fei & Ye 1992).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68896503FFB5932B5AB3FAFCFBD3F96C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FAFCFD0EFA8C" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FAFCFEFBFAA0" bold="true" box="[199,333,1340,1364]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Adjective as epithet of generic nomen (same grammatical gender), meaning “from O
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5F6CFAFCFAE2FAA0" box="[1304,1364,1340,1364]" country="Myanmar" name="Shan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shan</collectingRegion>
|
||
”, i. e., from Emei
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5B62FAA0FEE7FA8C" box="[278,337,1376,1400]" country="Myanmar" name="Shan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Shan</collectingRegion>
|
||
, a famous mountain in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="E257F86AFFB5932B5823FAA0FD03FA8C" box="[599,693,1376,1400]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3FA44FCA5F9A4" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3FA44FDC6FA68" bold="true" box="[199,624,1411,1436]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Placement in molecular phylogeny.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens allocated to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B59FFFA44FBB5FA68" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1980" box="[907,1027,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B59FFFA44FBB5FA68" box="[907,1027,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E6CFA44FB25FA68" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[1048,1171,1412,1436]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E6CFA44FB25FA68" box="[1048,1171,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” do not form a monophyletic group. They are members of a highly supported clade that groups
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5986FA69FB81FA34" box="[1010,1079,1449,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5986FA69FB81FA34" box="[1010,1079,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. eos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E33FA69FB77FA34" authorityName="Dubois" authorityYear="1983" box="[1095,1217,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bourreti">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E33FA69FB77FA34" box="[1095,1217,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. bourreti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E8FFA68FA2AFA4B" box="[1275,1436,1448,1472]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E8FFA68FAC5FA34" box="[1275,1395,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Doi Chiang Dao.
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BD4FA0DFE01FA10" box="[416,439,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5BB8FA0CFDF1FA10" authority="AY" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[460,583,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BB8FA0CFDF1FA10" box="[460,583,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="3FC0AB6BFFB5932B5828FA0CFD6FFA10" box="[604,729,1484,1508]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY561306" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AY561306</accessionNumber>
|
||
, from the onymotope, and thus probably “true”
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5E8BFA0CFACCFA10" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[1279,1402,1484,1508]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5E8BFA0CFACCFA10" box="[1279,1402,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5A81FA31FE81F9FC" box="[245,311,1521,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eos">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5A81FA31FE81F9FC" box="[245,311,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. eos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BD4FA31FE01F9FC" box="[416,439,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L.</emphasis>
|
||
“
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5BBEFA30FDF3F9FC" authority="AY" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[458,581,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5BBEFA30FDF3F9FC" box="[458,581,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”
|
||
<accessionNumber id="3FC0AB6BFFB5932B5823FA30FD67F9FC" box="[599,721,1520,1544]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY526215" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">AY526215</accessionNumber>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B593BFA30FC5BF9F3" box="[847,1005,1520,1544]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Leptolalax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B593BFA30FC71F9FC" box="[847,967,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Leptolalax</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Doi Chiang Dao. Further studies are needed to reliably allocate the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B582CF9D4FD65F9D8" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" box="[600,723,1556,1580]" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B582CF9D4FD65F9D8" box="[600,723,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to probably one of these mitochondrial lineages and to describe the other of these mitochondrial lineages as new species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="202C3688FFB5932B5AB3F99BFBD3F96C" blockId="31.[151,1436,151,1688]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5AB3F99BFE0DF980" bold="true" box="[199,443,1627,1652]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">Conservation status.</emphasis>
|
||
We confirm the Red List status of this species as Least Concern. In the future,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E7934D0BFFB5932B5F46F99DFF79F963" authorityName="Liu" authorityYear="1950" class="Amphibia" family="Megophryidae" genus="Megophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="12E7EA9AFFB5932B5F46F99DFF79F963" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">L. oshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be dismantled into various species and then a re-evaluation will be needed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |