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<mods:title id="76C82DA470AA1C2977057CE9C37CFB51">Morphological investigation of genital organs and first insights into the phylogeny of the genus Siciliaria Vest, 1867 as a basis for a taxonomic revision (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Clausiliidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="08354C35F9E767D28A1A44A3778709D6">De Mattia, Willy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D22D3778E2EDF6D755C647AA788E4498">Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7C091514192DE84A4E66D4A8E5A5E9CC">Reier, Susanne</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2B00D2AF82DC4294C0DB18B6361B51CC">Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="108D96256D38B34E0A82F3CC9C07704E">Haring, Elisabeth</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37CF536938F5F402B7C1C4D357397D29">Central Research Laboratories, of Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="DFB9C1C3B372C42A16E28981154FF64F">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191645933" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_class="Gastropoda" scope_family="Clausiliidae" scope_infraOrder="Clausilioidei" scope_order="Stylommatophora" scope_phylum="Mollusca" scope_superFamily="Clausilioidea">
<subSubSection id="116A8224943CBCFD1A04A6AE38D2B21B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9823A3DB6B64D33E6FE59958233CD66F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="559FDF14147DB5C0EE2771746235EFD5" ID-CoL="8THNJ" LSID="17FCECD3-D08C-5498-8418-AC9AA0F90189" authority="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)" authorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="nobilis">Sicania nobilis nobilis (L. Pfeiffer, 1848)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0ACF0B46BCF7CB48F0EFFF7F2FAFC54C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8F091800460B368BB80B6DB141C23C69" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="3DE0AA1BD4C89905D99EB46637DCAE3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="AA8F98CC19A73E85C6CE5E5C2377F5D4" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Wagner's (1913, 1925) and Brandt's (1961) Siciliaria genital drawings A Siciliaria septemplicata, Wagner, 1913: plate 572, fig. 14 B Siciliaria grohmanniana grohmanniana, Wagner, 1925: plate 1, fig. 8 C Siciliaria calcarae calcarae, 1925: plate 3, fig. 25 D Siciliaria ferrox, Brandt, 1961: fig. 1 E overall Siciliaria / Sicania and Sicilian Mauritanica distribution F Siciliaria / Sicania and Sicilian Mauritanica distribution of taxa." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622793" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 1.F, 34.1-34.8, 36.1-36.13, 39.5-39.7</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83B1D5701972071A00300F2B0800B4B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="10E64AC1F409F63E9B25CB32B2A70612" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F97CDDD7AAA9ECC0F7867783481F345C" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov.">Clausilia nobilis</taxonomicName>
L. Pfeiffer 1848: 434.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="284BCF730C6F273685812EA16C8547F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="285DC698A1B549EF16CAD6F6E3884CF3" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia sicula" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sicula" status="comb. nov.">Clausilia sicula</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="23BAB433ABA069DC698D10CDE7A554EE" author="Benoit, L" journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B6" refString="Benoit, L, 1876. Illustrazione sistematica critica iconografica de'testacei estramarini della Sicilia ulteriore e delle isole circostanti. Nobile, Napoli, [I-XVI,] 248 pp. [Tav. I-IX, XI-XII]" title="Illustrazione sistematica critica iconografica de'testacei estramarini della Sicilia ulteriore e delle isole circostanti. Nobile, Napoli, [I-XVI,] 248 pp. [Tav. I-IX, XI-XII]" year="1876">Benoit 1876</bibRefCitation>
: 151.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4239AF30B87FA3F9A0E4E7850E0ACFDA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="30BE600718919C140F95064107C8AF32" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis subsp. episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Siciliaria" subSpecies="episoma">Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis episoma</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="CBDDC386663DBAEC10691DF54730CBE2" author="Brandt, R" journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Brandt, R, 1961. Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90(1/3): 1-20." title="Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90 (1 / 3): 1 - 20." year="1961">Brandt 1961</bibRefCitation>
: 7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BDAA977075B344706CAEA649CD02E014" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="9A6D1CE61BC87D12199F9F825140B98B" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Siciliaria">Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="D0DEBCE02D372130AC3258107B2EDC2E" author="Manganelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B43" refString="Manganelli, G, Bodon, M, Favilli, L, Giusti, F, 1995. Fascicolo 16, Gastropoda Pulmonta. In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 16: 1-60. Calderini, Bologna." title="Fascicolo 16, Gastropoda Pulmonta. In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 16: 1 - 60. Calderini, Bologna." year="1995">Manganelli et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="21FE6D5C078D1CFC29EAE269B5D774C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="21D60D1696F230CE25E3157C57C5DDC8" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov." subGenus="Siciliaria">Siciliaria (Siciliaria) nobilis</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="B0CEFEFF52727E8CBFF89264F396E4C3" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="episoma" status="comb. nov.">Siciliaria episoma</taxonomicName>
) -
<bibRefCitation id="171B6EB8DDEE237B0CFC706283802FF2" author="Manganelli, G" journalOrPublisher="Biodiversity Journal" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B43" refString="Manganelli, G, Bodon, M, Favilli, L, Giusti, F, 1995. Fascicolo 16, Gastropoda Pulmonta. In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 16: 1-60. Calderini, Bologna." title="Fascicolo 16, Gastropoda Pulmonta. In: Minelli A, Ruffo S, La Posta S (Eds) Checklist delle specie della fauna italiana 16: 1 - 60. Calderini, Bologna." year="1995">Manganelli et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
: 25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A060A6D3FFF28B3572998311DDA95B7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3920709D35C92CF68C74E3B2D4C80C79" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov.">Charpentieria nobilis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="947E16B57B679DC89158C7ACE6FE63C4" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" author="Beckmann, KH" journalOrPublisher="Basteria" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B4" refString="Beckmann, KH, 2004. Zur Verbreitung der endemischen nordwestsizilianischen Clausiliidae der Untergattung Charpentieria (Siciliaria) mit Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 133(1/2): 185-191. https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" title="Zur Verbreitung der endemischen nordwestsizilianischen Clausiliidae der Untergattung Charpentieria (Siciliaria) mit Beschreibung von zwei neuen Unterarten (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae). Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 133 (1 / 2): 185 - 191." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/arch.moll/133/2004/185" year="2004">Beckmann 2004</bibRefCitation>
: 188.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3A93C16FA65571D3D09D449C6E9E4EFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B8F4C1CCAAB83520D14705757ADAD12B" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov.">Siciliaria nobilis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="4B27A38A4D5480AC6E9CC74C5A7C531A" author="Welter-Schultes, F" journalOrPublisher="Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B101" refString="Welter-Schultes, F, 2012. European non-marine molluscs, a quide for species identification. Planet Poster Editions, Goettingen" title="European non-marine molluscs, a quide for species identification." year="2012">Welter-Schultes 2012</bibRefCitation>
: 341.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AB148C732D8F68F33EFFF34A4A63D9F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7CF6B57DD5F3F61B4772D537E0EE1F4C" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov.">Siciliaria nobilis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="794C1C69B0378D95953E0599B36D6861" author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" refId="B69" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2013b. Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily. http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" title="Revisory remarks on the species of Siciliaria Vest from N. W. Sicily." url="http://hnords.de/5356429d6b11adc0b/535642a1dc1365e05/index.html" year="2013 b">Nordsieck 2013b</bibRefCitation>
: 8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8863A425679EC9EE8D91F28B88F653BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="DE5AC858BD798207798A7C84FC05ADD3" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis" status="comb. nov.">Charpentieria nobilis</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="7AC4223F2B2FAF1626977EF38EDF1AE3" author="De Mattia, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" refId="B22" refString="De Mattia, W, 2017i. Charpentieria nobilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" title="Charpentieria nobilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" year="2017 i">De Mattia 2017i</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="74C2059A44495507A2E52D04073FBFFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="597E3EE97D9ABBFC52454DE378AF92D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AECD397F24F4C191FB78632F1CA789FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="A540C2B774A6FD14B0F4417F8F86938B" collectingDate="2007-12-19" collectorName="W. De Mattia, J. Macor" country="Italy" elevation="80" latitude="38.10612" location="Monte Cofano" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.6832695" municipality="Castelluzzo" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sicily">
<collectingCountry id="495FAD8EC93ACB5FDF34DAD4366870F0" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="E66F4313DCE0C29413677A7619EDE87D" country="Italy" name="Sicilia">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="8BFA8DD2D33A73966A5BEE67FD53A727">Castelluzzo</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="61106BA12803B059500A35016A4014CB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189:61106BA12803B059500A35016A4014CB" country="Italy" latitude="38.10612" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.6832695" municipality="Castelluzzo" name="Monte Cofano" stateProvince="Sicily">Monte Cofano</location>
<locationDeviation id="7605DBC51BF7D7194A2AFF93A1969924" location="Tonnara di Monte Cofano">E of Tonnara di Monte Cofano</locationDeviation>
,
<elevation id="C8F5BACB252A47D75AE40F6B092BCA9A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">
<quantity id="6DC0A545D11BF407B1CC38838B682F44" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="80.0">80 m</quantity>
asl
</elevation>
,
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,
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,
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and
<collectorName id="30FD5918AE047BA48BF3D4BC2BE13F39">J. Macor</collectorName>
leg.,
<collectingDate id="F9D11372F9A8B37019CF1AF059EAA74B" value="2007-12-19">19.xii.2007</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm. I.D. 7
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.
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,
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,
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lo
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,
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, west cliffs E of town,
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asl
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60_1, COI:
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, ITS2:
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;
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;
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60_5, COI:
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],
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and
<collectorName id="051C66FC20FF3A86D775E50FC6E56635">J. Macor</collectorName>
leg.,
<collectingDate id="E8348E7330E68C5E3D952EBBCB8CDEE5" value="2017-04-14">14.iv.2017</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm
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,
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,
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lo
<location id="FEDD48DF31022CE9183595D9A7932CEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:17FCECD3D08C54988418AC9AA0F90189:FEDD48DF31022CE9183595D9A7932CEA" country="Italy" latitude="38.146893" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="12.735169" municipality="San Vito" name="Capo" stateProvince="Sicily">Capo</location>
, cliffs S of
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camping,
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asl
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,
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,
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, [
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62_2, COI:
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62_3, COIMW758940],
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and
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leg.,
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. 2 dissected spm
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,
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lo
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,
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asl
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,
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,
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, [
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18_1, COI:
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, ITS2:
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],
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and
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leg.,
<collectingDate id="C35E968E716B102505D4CBA18A95F1A2" value="2007-12-19">19.xii.2007</collectingDate>
. 2 dissected spm. &quot;
<taxonomicName id="EB2D8F6172C287249398862B018CD0D5" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Charpentieria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Charpentieria episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="episoma">
<emphasis id="5EAB03A5E7D4DD2306556C1F9881DF91" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Charpentieria episoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;
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,
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,
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lo
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, boulders W of the town,
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asl
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,
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,
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, [
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14_1, COI:
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, ITS2:
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and
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leg.,
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. 2 dissected spm
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BE2D13D0292F1AF2000773257DC00589" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="shell">
<paragraph id="FBD940FFE406B03CBCE522551BCB34D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shell</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AF331C85612E2CEAEAECA8C67CFFF31E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<emphasis id="F46A70CA17122FDE2241C338E093CF46" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Figs
<figureCitation id="4216E7AC5790A2F325261D680963B539" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Sicania nobilis nobilis (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Castelluzzo 36.1 shell 36.2 detail of the aperture 36.3 clausiliar plate double side. San Vito Lo capo, camping 36.4 shell 36.5 detail of the aperture 36.6 clausiliar plate double side. San Vito Lo Capo, boulders 36.7 shell 36.8 detail of the aperture 36.9 clausiliar plate double side. Torre delle Usciere (ex. forma Sicania nobilis nobilis episoma) 36.10 shell 36.11 detail of the aperture 36.12 clausiliar plate double side. Monte Cofano, Tonnara Cofano 36.13 shell. Sicania nobilis spezialensis (Nordsieck 1984), stat. nov., comb. nov. Macari 36.14 shell 36.15 detail of the aperture 36.16 clausiliar plate double side." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622828" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
.1-36.13, 39.5-39.7).
</emphasis>
Shell decollate; with well-developed whitish surface layer; whorls mostly weakly rib-striated, with sutural papillae; dorsal keel missing; inferior lamella moderately high or high; anterior upper palatal plica present, mostly separated from the lunella; ALPP tending to be shortened, posterior lower palatal plica more or less reduced; palatal edge of clausilium plate distally not receding, palatal edge distally somewhat or not bent upwards.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1825D36263476C69759C34B8DF59F6ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="28B87772056A73CA269705E0A1B3F96C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FD401F65CCB060169D73F88A7EF442A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="A90F72AB9B0B93C8B99D54DBD7785470" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">(n = 45, decollate).</emphasis>
shell height 22.9
<normalizedToken id="1796640855903766EC720A0A24CAA684" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1.6, whorl width 5.0
<normalizedToken id="831276BE44DB2B5A7A5E40B71C01F632" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.2, aperture height 4.8
<normalizedToken id="AC715F8BBC169B0CEFB658D01161EAA2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.3, aperture width 3.6
<normalizedToken id="1BC9E5A5E8807A5548B7291E93856B2D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.4.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1493227FEF315C9E63CB546FE45561AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="external morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph id="87207BA28503D7E0AA18D9242B7F32DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">External morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph id="92E6B7427EEA94C5A180C3CC75AC4085" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="B1672386143ED951790BADB63990A1CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs
<figureCitation id="F8B089628A3C7F79D6852D7C04FDAEAF" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Sicania nobilis nobilis (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Castelluzzo 34.1 whole distal genital organs 34.2 internal distal part of genital organs. San Vito Lo capo, camping 34.3 whole distal genital organs 34.4 internal distal part of genital organs. San Vito Lo Capo, boulders 34.5 whole distal genital organs 34.6 internal distal part of genital organs. Torre delle Usciere (ex. forma Sicania nobilis nobilis episoma) 34.7 whole distal genital organs 34.8 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622826" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
.1, 34.3, 34.5, 34.7).
</emphasis>
The FO is much longer than the V (FO/V range 1.9-3.4). The VD is thin along its whole course. The FDBC is slightly shorter or longer than the BC+SDBC (FDBC/BC+SDBC range 0.9-2.1). The BC+SDBC is club-like to cylindrical and longer than the V (BC+SDBC/V range 1.4-3.1), with no distinction between the SDBC and the BC. The apex is big and round. The D is longer than the V (D/V range 2.1-3.3) and longer that the BC+SDBC (D/BC+SDBC range 1.3-2.0), thinner than the BC+SDBC and with a small but round apex. The V is short, cylindrical and large in diameter. The A is very large. The PC is much longer than the V (P+E/V range 1.8-3.7). The PR is very short and robust. The ET is always present. The E is slightly longer than the P (E/P range 1.2-1.6), very gradually shrinking and turning into the VD.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="10A0C76392146F1585E918A78C6CD47D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="internal morphology of the genital organs">
<paragraph id="6F0D9B85B2B99A5ACE6BE60880B5D4FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Internal morphology of the genital organs</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BF4E3B2C96D91F45E8335E1B31B8BE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="8113518B583D9CFCE6624E2E3FEF618D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Figs
<figureCitation id="128AAB7E4DD8C05E269B0AB77069C528" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 34. Sicania nobilis nobilis (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Castelluzzo 34.1 whole distal genital organs 34.2 internal distal part of genital organs. San Vito Lo capo, camping 34.3 whole distal genital organs 34.4 internal distal part of genital organs. San Vito Lo Capo, boulders 34.5 whole distal genital organs 34.6 internal distal part of genital organs. Torre delle Usciere (ex. forma Sicania nobilis nobilis episoma) 34.7 whole distal genital organs 34.8 internal distal part of genital organs." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure34" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622826" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">34</figureCitation>
.2, 34.4, 34.6, 34.8).
</emphasis>
The A is smooth or shows weak large longitudinal pleats. The V shows a variable pattern of sculpturing: from smooth to an irregular pattern of small pleats. The P also presents a variable pattern of sculpturing: totally smooth or with coarse and irregular big tubercles, or one or two longitudinal remarkably segmented pleats. The PP can be either big, elongated with a rounded or pointed apex or small, short, round and totally smooth. The P-E transition presents two different structures. The samples from Cofano (7), San Vito (14) and Torre Usciere (18) present a first distal and a second median ER while both the PP and ELP originates from a third proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER+3ER(PP+ELP). The samples from Castelluzzo (60) and San Vito cliffs (62) present a simpler ephiphallar thickening structure, namely a first distal ER and the PP originates from the second proximal ER. The ELP are not connected to the second proximal ER. The epiphallar formula is: 1ER+2ER(PP)+ELP. The E shows two main longitudinal smooth or fringed pleats that distally fades out or abruptly ends before the VD. These pleats originate from the merging of 3-7
<taxonomicName id="F0723A642E7348746F0459BBC47B63A5" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Clausilia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clausilia minor" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="minor">Clausilia minor</taxonomicName>
distal pleats. The V is smooth.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CD2BA672DC5D9285DCDAFABA9A1F4EF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="441A88D0C13F6258413EA5F4E60654AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5D0996DE5145B179834C1F3F5E9A6EF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="F8AD04A7B936E7F38E6F630190C7CD90" authority="nobilis" authorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="nobilis">
<emphasis id="0D031CC870EC511C22E285D11154DB23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. is a strictly limestone dweller and inhabits cliffs and big isolated boulders, hiding among rock cracks and crevices. It is found both in dry, sun exposed cliffs (i.e., San Vito lo Capo, cliffs S of
<normalizedToken id="F874C40CD65FCB8B9FC32F226ACDB2EA" originalValue="”El-Bahira“">&quot;El-Bahira&quot;</normalizedToken>
camping) or shady walls under dense tree cover (San Vito lo Capo, Castelluzzo, west cliffs E of town). According to
<bibRefCitation id="62FC25AF4D2CA77B10410BA79EF7D9C6" author="De Mattia, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" refId="B22" refString="De Mattia, W, 2017i. Charpentieria nobilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" title="Charpentieria nobilis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species." url="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/171649/1329393" year="2017 i">De Mattia (2017i)</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="1F4BF72EA83FF800FC42F8186829D59A" authority="nobilis" authorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="nobilis">
<emphasis id="EE646C619BCA8D9FD4715DBE1BEC242B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. is considered Endangered following the IUCN criteria B1ab(iii,v)+2ab(iii,v).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4713D46FA4FB7CB4B1108CAC829E3D44" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6623E2553E0902E31190F398D556FD15" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FABCB09E28D425F13EDB2F852D139EC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="3ECD51E4D303EE1A1DA560E6787C19DB" authority="nobilis" authorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="nobilis">
<emphasis id="D75EA49C1A7CFE10529180495A2CF351" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. is known to occur in two limestone massifs: Monte Cofano and in San Vito lo Capo Peninsula, from Monte Acci to Monte Monaco.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFCA808291A90C5DD3911043DB4BD360" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="3749158B0A4178B3AB2C930D18EB9DFB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D51A4777555BDB6B18B9A349EBE5DB1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="BCF1BDC95B77F87D3BECCEBE6D05C51F" authorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="De Mattia &amp; Reier &amp; Haring" baseAuthorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Siciliaria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Siciliaria nobilis subsp. episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="episoma">
<emphasis id="66C68B04486AB90CF6DA0827DE810633" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Siciliaria nobilis episoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hwas described by
<bibRefCitation id="FA27B47F3162C49E82D97B2BCC644899" author="Brandt, R" journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Brandt, R, 1961. Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90(1/3): 1-20." title="Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90 (1 / 3): 1 - 20." year="1961">Brandt (1961</bibRefCitation>
: 7) from &quot;Barbello bei San Vito&quot; by its smaller dimensions, opaque (glanzlose) and markedly striated (scharf rippenstreifigen) shell. Although we were unable to find the locality named Barbello, the description of this taxon corresponds to a population known to inhabit the area east of San Vito lo Capo at Torre
<normalizedToken id="EC995AB1926C09A2B9017F50D69AFF86" originalValue="dell’Usciere">dell'Usciere</normalizedToken>
, on limestone cliffs few meters from the shoreline. In the mt tree, this population is positioned within the
<taxonomicName id="50282769209A1FB10B9ADA9D60B889B7" authorityName=", s. l." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B951835F76E0EBBB65005D1DF060834B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade (Figs
<figureCitation id="ABA6F197C2CB24AF2208C08C47DFBD49" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. BI tree of based on the COI data set of Siciliaria, Sicania and related genera. BI posterior probability values (&gt; 0.90) of major nodes are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622796" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4</figureCitation>
-
<figureCitation id="BC3DE8961C65A34ED1F3237A8D8D6585" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. BI tree of based on the concatenated COI and ITS 2 data set of Siciliaria, Sicania and related genera. Colours of Siciliaria and Sicania clades correspond to those in the distribution maps (Fig. 1 E, F). BI posterior probability values (&gt; 0.90) of major nodes are indicated." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">6</figureCitation>
) its COI sequence almost identical to that of an individual from San Vito (ID 14_1). The distinctive shell characters provided by
<bibRefCitation id="F1C93FA35EA651EFA1AC5EF0023D0087" author="Brandt, R" journalOrPublisher="Bullettino della Societa Malacologica Italiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B10" refString="Brandt, R, 1961. Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90(1/3): 1-20." title="Diagnosen neuer Clausiliiden. Archiv fuer Molluskenkunde 90 (1 / 3): 1 - 20." year="1961">Brandt (1961)</bibRefCitation>
reveal to be weak and not reliable to justify the introduction of a new subspecific name. The
<normalizedToken id="94ECF5D5736E51E40C3AB11528F75626" originalValue="“opaque”">&quot;opaque&quot;</normalizedToken>
and the &quot;markedly striated&quot; shell surface seems to be a common character of
<taxonomicName id="1F36277841F1567E77531DA5D04D9994" authorityName=", s. l." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="1482C30D2F9D57C39029D0773FB64E36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. (see Figs
<figureCitation id="3EC83F5CCCAA01478390185CDDCA3297" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F36" captionText="Figure 36. Sicania nobilis nobilis (A. Schmidt, 1868), comb. nov., Castelluzzo 36.1 shell 36.2 detail of the aperture 36.3 clausiliar plate double side. San Vito Lo capo, camping 36.4 shell 36.5 detail of the aperture 36.6 clausiliar plate double side. San Vito Lo Capo, boulders 36.7 shell 36.8 detail of the aperture 36.9 clausiliar plate double side. Torre delle Usciere (ex. forma Sicania nobilis nobilis episoma) 36.10 shell 36.11 detail of the aperture 36.12 clausiliar plate double side. Monte Cofano, Tonnara Cofano 36.13 shell. Sicania nobilis spezialensis (Nordsieck 1984), stat. nov., comb. nov. Macari 36.14 shell 36.15 detail of the aperture 36.16 clausiliar plate double side." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1077.67081.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/622828" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">36</figureCitation>
.1. 36.4, 36.7 and 36.10, 36.13), as well as the
<normalizedToken id="E06B756A0E9E2BE89ED236BB002C92A5" originalValue="shell’s">shell's</normalizedToken>
dimensions that fall inside the variability of
<taxonomicName id="6F203D5674A1E63242F73B84D62EBD72" authority="nobilis" authorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" authorityYear="1848" baseAuthorityName="nobilis (L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis subsp. nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="nobilis">
<emphasis id="CA6AA40EAB36CBBF66907D342F18BA62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania nobilis nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov. Moreover, also regarding the morphology of its genital organs,
<emphasis id="34502B9E783F82DBA878E2F2623CE571" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="B88FB95564013DCAD07FB1235226DB2E" authorityName=", s. l." authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="L. Pfeiffer" baseAuthorityYear="1848" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania nobilis" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="nobilis">Sicania nobilis</taxonomicName>
&quot;
<taxonomicName id="506EEBE7C19DDE898933662C8066AE1B" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="episoma">Sicania episoma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
&quot; does not show any substantial difference from the nominate subspecies. We therefore support the opinion of
<bibRefCitation id="CE9EB79CA68AEF29C9A725F1E8FBC7B6" author="Nordsieck, H" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der deutschen malakozoologischen Gesellschaft" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B65" refString="Nordsieck, H, 2007. Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. Conchbooks Hackenheim, 214 pp." title="Worldwide Door Snails (Clausiliidae), recent and fossil. Conchbooks Hackenheim, 214 pp." year="2007">Nordsieck (2007</bibRefCitation>
: 54) that the name &quot;
<taxonomicName id="71A11B8FCB8B9A745C2573B04E4EB171" class="Gastropoda" family="Clausiliidae" genus="Sicania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sicania episoma" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="episoma">
<emphasis id="BD43F74660527E8D2818751FF3B40317" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sicania episoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot; should be deemed as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="D6301E6C1C61BF646C5149550BD53120" authority="nobilis" lsidName="S. nobilis subsp. nobilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="nobilis" subSpecies="nobilis">
<emphasis id="F1D184EB86375DE2DC5035947E34307C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. nobilis nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comb. nov.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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