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<mods:title id="B4ED46581A7060ACF3C1D23F7B45B004">Stabilisation of some names of European butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in their prevailing usage</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABFE5D647FDE9FEB4" authority="Verity, 1908" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,633,319,346]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="daplidice" subSpecies="nitida">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABFE5D647FDE9FEB4" bold="true" box="[151,633,319,346]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABFE5D647FEC2FEB4" bold="true" box="[151,338,319,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pieris daplidice</emphasis>
race
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABEE4D638FE4CFEB4" bold="true" box="[406,476,319,346]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">nitida</emphasis>
Verity, 1908
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A6FF858C3ABFE5D686FB09FE51" blockId="1.[151,1437,385,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
(Rhop. Pal., p. 132; also cited as a “forme” both on this same page and on Pl. XXX, Fig. 9)
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LT: Asia Minor:
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, and [
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]:
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:
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(TD:
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,
<typeStatus id="54C88804FF858C3ABD9ED6A2FCC3FE51" box="[748,851,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2FFF858C3ABC28D6A2FC0BFE51" box="[858,923,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
,
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:
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABC87D6A2FB1CFE51" author="Kudrna, O." box="[1013,1164,421,447]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref7065" refString="Kudrna, O. (1983) An annotated catalogue of the butterflies named by Roger Verity. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1983">Kudrna 1983</bibRefCitation>
)
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.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BCC36A6FF858C3ABFB5D6CEFB14FCC9" blockId="1.[151,1437,385,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
This taxon was listed as a synonym of either
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABDC1D6CDFCD4FE0D" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[691,836,457,483]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edusa">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABDC1D6CDFCD4FE0D" box="[691,836,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pontia edusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABCF3D6CEFB12FE0D" author="Hesselbarth, G. &amp; van Oorschot, H. &amp; Wagener, S." box="[897,1154,456,483]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 847" refId="ref6289" refString="Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H. &amp; Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Turkei. 3 Vols. Wagener, Bocholt, 2001 pp. [pp. 1 - 754 + 755 - 1154 + 1 - 847]" type="book chapter" year="1995">
Hesselbarth
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABB79D6CDFBD2FE0D" box="[1035,1090,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
, 1: 426) or of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABA68D6CDFDB1FDE6" authority="(Garcia-Barros et al. 2013, p. 960)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia-Barros" baseAuthorityPageNumber="960" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABA68D6CDFA0CFE0D" box="[1306,1436,457,483]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">P. daplidice</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABFEDD6EAFE52FDE9" author="Garcia-Barros, E. &amp; Munguira, M. L. &amp; Stefanescu, C. &amp; Vives Moreno, A." box="[159,450,493,519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 1213" refId="ref5886" refString="Garcia-Barros, E., Munguira, M. L., Stefanescu, C. &amp; Vives Moreno, A. (2013) Lepidoptera Papilionoidea. In: Fauna Iberica. Vol. 37. Museo nacional de Ciencias naturales y Consejo superior de Investigaciones cientificas, Madrid, pp. 1 - 1213, 147 pls." type="book chapter" year="2013">
García-Barros
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABE35D6E9FEE9FDE9" box="[327,377,493,519]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
, p. 960)
</taxonomicName>
, respectively for the fauna of
<collectingCountry id="F3647636FF858C3ABC01D6EAFC53FDE9" box="[883,963,493,519]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Turkey</collectingCountry>
and for that of
<collectingCountry id="F3647636FF858C3ABB07D6EAFB28FDE9" box="[1141,1208,493,519]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABBB1D6EAFA08FDE9" author="Kudrna, O." box="[1219,1432,492,519]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 105" refId="ref7065" refString="Kudrna, O. (1983) An annotated catalogue of the butterflies named by Roger Verity. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21, 1 - 105." type="journal article" year="1983">Kudrna (1983: 58)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABFE5D516FEEBFDC5" author="Wagener, S." box="[151,379,528,555]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref7846" refString="Wagener, S. (1988) What are the valid names for the two genetically different taxa currently included within Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)? (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 11 (1), 21 - 38." type="journal article" year="1988">Wagener (1988: 35)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABEC4D516FC9DFDC2" author="Hesselbarth, G. &amp; van Oorschot, H. &amp; Wagener, S." box="[438,781,528,556]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 847" refId="ref6289" refString="Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H. &amp; Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Turkei. 3 Vols. Wagener, Bocholt, 2001 pp. [pp. 1 - 754 + 755 - 1154 + 1 - 847]" type="book chapter" year="1995">
Hesselbarth
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABD31D515FDE7FDC5" box="[579,631,529,555]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
. (1995: 426)
</bibRefCitation>
regarded “nitida” Verity, 1908 as an unavailable infrasubspecific name. However, Art. 45.6.4 states that [the rank denoted by a species-group name following a binomen] “is subspecific if first published before 1961 and its author expressly used one of the terms “variety” or “form” …, unless its author also expressly gave it infrasubspecific rank, or the content of the work unambiguously reveals that the name was proposed for an infrasubspecific entity …”. Verity wrote: “[dans les régions] qui semblent être surtout les plus arides (telles que lEspagne, lAlgérie et lAsie Mineure) [
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABC06D5C1FBB5FD31" box="[884,1061,709,735]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABC06D5C1FBB5FD31" box="[884,1061,709,735]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pieris daplidice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] semble avoir une tendance à être plus petit, à avoir les ailes plus larges, le limbe externe plus convexe, les dessins dun noir plus profond et à contours plus arrêtés …”. The name
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABEB9D409FC1AFCC9" authority="Verity, 1908" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1908" box="[459,906,781,807]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="daplidice" subSpecies="nitida">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABEB9D409FDECFCC9" box="[459,636,781,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pieris daplidice</emphasis>
race
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABDCBD40AFD6AFCC9" box="[697,762,781,807]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">nitida</emphasis>
Verity, 1908
</taxonomicName>
is therefore available.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A6FF858C3ABFB5D436FE21FC59" blockId="1.[151,1437,385,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
The originally designated
<typeStatus id="54C88804FF858C3ABE9CD436FDC0FCA5" box="[494,592,817,843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
probably belong to two separate species, but no
<typeStatus id="54C88804FF858C3ABB05D436FB4EFCA5" box="[1143,1246,817,843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was validly designated by any of the preceding authors under Art. 74. Both
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABC36D451FC6FFC81" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[836,1023,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABC36D451FC6FFC81" box="[836,1023,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pontia daplidice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABB45D451FB05FC81" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1777" box="[1079,1173,853,879]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="edusa">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABB45D451FB05FC81" box="[1079,1173,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">P. edusa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may possibly co-occur in parts of
<collectingCountry id="F3647636FF858C3ABE63D47EFEF1FC7D" box="[273,353,889,915]" name="Turkey" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(see
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABEEFD47EFDFCFC7D" author="Geiger, H. J. &amp; Descimon, H. &amp; Scholl, A." box="[413,620,889,915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="7 - 20" refId="ref5946" refString="Geiger, H. J., Descimon, H. &amp; Scholl, A. (1988) Evidence for speciation within nominal Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758) in southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 11 (1), 7 - 20." type="journal article" year="1988">
Geiger
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABE83D47DFDB9FC7D" box="[497,553,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
1988
</bibRefCitation>
,
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Hesselbarth
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABC71D47DFCACFC7D" box="[771,828,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
1995
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EFE24B57FF858C3ABCC0D47EFBFBFC7D" author="John, E. &amp; Wiemers, M. &amp; Makris, C. &amp; Russell, P." box="[946,1131,889,915]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref6939" refString="John, E., Wiemers, M., Makris, C. &amp; Russell, P. (2013) The Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758) / Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): confirmation of the presence of Pontia daplidice in Cyprus, and of Cleome iberica DC. as a new host plant for this species in the Levant. Entomologist's Gazette, 64 (2), 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="2013">
John
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABC9DD47DFBB8FC7D" box="[1007,1064,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), while only
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABB8CD47DFA12FC7D" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1278,1410,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pontia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABB8CD47DFA12FC7D" box="[1278,1410,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">P. daplidice</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to occur in
<collectingCountry id="F3647636FF858C3ABE1BD49AFE3CFC59" box="[361,428,925,951]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BCC36A6FF858C3ABFB5D4C6FCF2FBCD" blockId="1.[151,1437,385,1059]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">
We therefore designate the
<specimenCount id="9D75FD2FFF858C3ABE84D4C6FD9BFC35" box="[502,523,961,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="male"></specimenCount>
<typeStatus id="54C88804FF858C3ABD63D4C6FDFDFC35" box="[529,621,961,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
in MZUF from: [
<collectingCountry id="F3647636FF858C3ABC5DD4C7FC03FC35" box="[815,915,960,987]" name="Spain" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Spanien</collectingCountry>
]:
<collectingRegion id="49B7F844FF858C3ABCD0D4C6FBB6FC35" box="[930,1062,961,987]" country="Spain" name="Andalucia" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Andalusien</collectingRegion>
: Malaga, C. Ribbe [legit], as Lec- totype of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABE76D4E1FD56FC11" authority="Verity, 1908" authorityName="Verity" authorityYear="1908" box="[260,710,997,1023]" class="Insecta" family="Pieridae" genus="Pieris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="daplidice" subSpecies="nitida">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABE76D4E1FE26FC11" box="[260,438,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Pieris daplidice</emphasis>
race
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABE86D4E2FDA5FC11" box="[500,565,997,1023]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">nitida</emphasis>
Verity, 1908
</taxonomicName>
(see
<figureCitation id="13482A23FF858C3ABC70D4E2FCCBFC11" box="[770,859,997,1023]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1718,1743]" captionTargetBox="[160,1421,191,1687]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,179,1691]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. (A). Lectotype (♂) of Pieris daplidice race nitida Verity, 1908: (d) dorsal (v) ventral (MZUF). (B). Neotype (♀) of [Papilio] ausonia Hübner, [1804]: (d) dorsal (v) ventral) (MZUF). (C). Centre: Original Freyers sealed box containing the Neotype (♂) of Pontia simplonia Freyer, 1829 (bottom right), together with a female of the same species (top left); Left: electronically extracted enlargement of the Neotype (♂) (d) dorsal (JME). (D). Lectotype (♂) of Euchloe crameri Butler, 1869 as designated by Rothschild (1914) (NHMUK). (E). Lectotype (♂) of Euchloe ausonia var. esperi Kirby, 1871 (5) (NMI). Labels relative to the illustrated specimens are shown on the right of each row." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3842458" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3842458/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). Consequently, the latter name becomes fixed as a junior subjective synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C734D25FF858C3ABE94D30EFCCEFBCD" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[486,862,1032,1059]" class="Insecta" family="Papilionidae" genus="Papilio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="daplidice">
<emphasis id="B907EAB4FF858C3ABE94D30EFD37FBCD" box="[486,679,1033,1059]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="388">Papilio daplidice</emphasis>
Linnaeus, 1758
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>