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<document id="C2129839675B8FFAD7C6D76F984E91E2" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4221.1.5" ID-CLB-Dataset="37313" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.246774" ID-GBIF-Dataset="068d72fc-b3ce-427c-ab64-7f99137be230" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="246774" ID-ZooBank="BED84566-A416-4DF0-BE4E-A027A7B78D82" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1484553601638" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dixit, Sudhanshu, Raghunathan, C. &amp; Chandra, Kailash" docDate="2017" docId="03A0726FED1AFFDFFF1725F77EABBF81" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4221.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4221 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudoceros nigropunctatus Dixit, Raghunathan &amp; Chandra, 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FF990A17ED1CFFD6FF80212A7F23BE09" masterDocTitle="Two new marine flatworms (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, India" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1698435737377" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D16C3B5F0EFEA97CA727B44AAE536506" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="E46C62CDB5DEA27649FD0CDD6CDA441E">Two new marine flatworms (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands, India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A28660516A3D1CB8CC5567C24B6B2349" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A53048D1206FF8A6EA206E0E2E3DDF7E">
<mods:roleTerm id="C989560D63F6109DEBC60A124B61E562">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EC40426A41EAADB9852185E758592F1B">Dixit, Sudhanshu</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="A5AA2452E9ED387F7013042D8A7A388C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="93438A1E743AB9C68716C713E3E84858">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CF54EF369E3F6FD41050A9D22ACE97C2">Raghunathan, C.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4163561511BC3B077981A3D6D263BA67" type="personal">
<mods:role id="FE5415AFAEB3442A5A5954E1315245E7">
<mods:roleTerm id="2AEFEFA63667021276A207C2A207E8B8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="B03FDBEADCB5117A9536935CEB3DB438">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="B26B8E7C5A487775E965353438EBEC63">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3B8A36DC8A8940A8EF3A72A2BFB8B184">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="DB3FE6806EC22579A6DA3DC4240F8D8E">
<mods:date id="3FC0B2F38A63BA074DC65D8E77BA1900">2017</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="14603AE916BDFDA162756F051E90C8B8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E35E40C52067AD7E304D468B1B7BE404">4221</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="84139D3ADB2BDF658C6396AC5A6ADE39" type="issue">
<mods:number id="E79E3D0B212EC837D54739D28EFA7AA7">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="DC3BD0909B64FC1D76BD932EA611BCEC">111</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="C8E2A9C8DBD268D22D671A7F68C21433">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="025A81B9E2D4472CD5898E0DC9FD000A" type="CLB-Dataset">37313</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5AA8841EBF05AB7B140895405B7804BE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.246774</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="19D5E111E482D508602D777277947AE5" type="GBIF-Dataset">068d72fc-b3ce-427c-ab64-7f99137be230</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9E8851E6019CF25C4419F1F08C236C4B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A15A3458952368670EF342E1C90A1656" type="Zenodo-Dep">246774</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="91E31E16803E714584AB727D653DDAC3" type="ZooBank">BED84566-A416-4DF0-BE4E-A027A7B78D82</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03A0726FED1AFFDFFF1725F77EABBF81" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6040298" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127422766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6040298" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0726FED1AFFDFFF1725F77EABBF81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0726FED1AFFDFFF1725F77EABBF81" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFD0FF1725F77E76BB11" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF1725F77D71BAFE" blockId="6.[151,594,1245,1305]" box="[151,594,1245,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<heading id="D0FE7415ED1AFFD0FF1725F77D71BAFE" bold="true" box="[151,594,1245,1271]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF1725F77D71BAFE" bold="true" box="[151,594,1245,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED1AFFD0FF1725F77ECEBAFE" box="[151,493,1245,1271]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF1725F77ECEBAFE" bold="true" box="[151,493,1245,1271]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Pseudoceros nigropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EA210ED1AFFD0FE7425F77D71BAFE" box="[500,594,1245,1271]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF17242A7E76BB11" blockId="6.[151,594,1245,1305]" box="[151,341,1280,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Figures: 5, 6 &amp; 7</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFD0FF1724627C01BBA0" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF1724627C01BBA0" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<materialsCitation id="3B61C924ED1AFFD0FF1724627C01BBA0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1424728407" collectingDate="2015-11-21" country="India" elevation="15" latitude="10.622334" location="Hut Bay" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.556984" municipality="Little Andaman" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF1724627E64BB68" bold="true" box="[151,327,1352,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<typeStatus id="54B27DDBED1AFFD0FF1724627FF1BB68" box="[151,210,1352,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54B27DDBED1AFFD0FED124627E9DBB68" box="[337,446,1352,1377]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: One specimen (26×
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1AFFD0FD2D24627DDDBB68" box="[685,766,1352,1377]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
) as serial sections (7 slides), remainder of animal in 70% ethanol. Collected
<date id="FFB7E5B9ED1AFFD0FEF024467ED3BB8C" box="[368,496,1388,1413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="2015-11-21">
<collectingDate id="EFF31C51ED1AFFD0FEF024467ED3BB8C" box="[368,496,1388,1413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" value="2015-11-21">21.11.2015</collectingDate>
</date>
, subtidally from
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1AFFD0FD2E24467DC4BB8D" box="[686,743,1388,1413]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="15.0">
<elevation id="0024244AED1AFFD0FD2E24467DC4BB8D" box="[686,743,1388,1413]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" unit="m" value="15.0">15 m</elevation>
</quantity>
depth,
<location id="8ED695A2ED1AFFD0FCBA24477CBABB8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A0726FED1AFFDFFF1725F77EABBF81:8ED695A2ED1AFFD0FCBA24477CBABB8C" box="[826,921,1389,1413]" country="India" latitude="10.622334" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="92.556984" municipality="Little Andaman" name="Hut Bay" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" stateProvince="Andaman and Nicobar Islands">Hut Bay</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BD25903ED1AFFD0FC2424467B76BB8C" box="[932,1109,1388,1413]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Little Andaman</collectingMunicipality>
(
<geoCoordinate id="EE3DA5BEED1AFFD0FBE324477BD4BB8C" box="[1123,1271,1389,1413]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="10.622334">10°37.340’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="EE3DA5BEED1AFFD0FB7D24477AB3BB8C" box="[1277,1424,1389,1413]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" precision="1" value="92.556984">92°33.419’E</geoCoordinate>
),
<collectingRegion id="49CD0D9BED1AFFD0FF1724BA7ECEBBA0" box="[151,493,1424,1449]" country="India" name="Andaman and Nicobar Islands" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Andaman and
<collectingRegion id="49CD0D9BED1AFFD0FEBA24BA7ECEBBA0" box="[314,493,1424,1449]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Nicobar Islands</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31E83E9ED1AFFD0FE7924BA7D11BBA0" box="[505,562,1424,1449]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">India</collectingCountry>
(ZSI/ANRC-14851).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFD0FF47249E7B73BBF8" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF47249E7B73BBF8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF47249E7E43BBC4" bold="true" box="[199,352,1460,1485]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Distribution.</emphasis>
Little Andaman
<collectingCountry id="F31E83E9ED1AFFD0FDB1249E7D5BBBC4" box="[561,632,1460,1485]" name="Iceland" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Island</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F31E83E9ED1AFFD0FD0A249E7DE4BBC4" box="[650,711,1460,1485]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">India</collectingCountry>
. Additional photographic record from
<collectingCountry id="F31E83E9ED1AFFD0FB15249E7BDEBBC4" box="[1173,1277,1460,1485]" name="Maldives" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Maldives</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED1AFFD0FA92249F7E17BBF8" author="Newman" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2003) Marine Flatworms. The World of Polyclads. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 97 pp." type="book" year="2003">Newman &amp; Cannon, 2003</bibRefCitation>
&amp;
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED1AFFD0FED824F27EB1BBF8" author="Newman" box="[344,402,1496,1521]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous Flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. Version 1. ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing: Canberra and Australia. CD-ROM." type="journal volume" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F31E83E9ED1AFFD0FE4F24F37D3BBBF8" box="[463,536,1497,1521]" name="Kenya" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(http://www.nudipixel.net/pictures/flatworms/24/)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFD0FF4724D67C99B888" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF4724D67C99B888" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF4724D67E62B81C" bold="true" box="[199,321,1532,1557]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Background body colour mix of light brown and orange shades, margin cream colour interrupted with light brown. A very thin fluorescent yellow rim outlining the body. Numerous black coloured spots of variable sizes present all over body without reaching the margin. These spots are surrounded by cream colour like the margin giving a halo appearance. Ventral surface light orange in colour.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFD0FF4727A67C1DB8E4" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF4727A67A68B8AC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" box="[199,1355,1676,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF4727A67E6DB8AC" bold="true" box="[199,334,1676,1701]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FD8327A77D1DB8AD" box="[515,574,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">niger</emphasis>
—black,
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FD2527A77C31B8AD" box="[677,786,1677,1700]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">punctatus</emphasis>
—spotted; for presence of black spots on the body.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF47279A7C1DB8E4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF47279A7E6AB8C0" bold="true" box="[199,329,1712,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Synonyms.</emphasis>
It is likely that it corresponds to
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED1AFFD0FD60279A7C4FB8C0" box="[736,876,1712,1737]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pseudoceros</taxonomicName>
sp. 15
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED1AFFD0FC4B279B7A44B8C0" author="Newman" box="[971,1383,1713,1737]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2003) Marine Flatworms. The World of Polyclads. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 97 pp." type="book" year="2003">Newman &amp; Cannon (2003, pg. 80)</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED1AFFD0FF1727FE7E00B8E4" box="[151,291,1748,1773]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="6" pageNumber="122" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Pseudoceros</taxonomicName>
sp. 15
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED1AFFD0FEF427FF7D99B8E4" author="Newman" box="[372,698,1748,1773]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous Flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. Version 1. ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing: Canberra and Australia. CD-ROM." type="journal volume" year="2005">Newman and Cannon (2005)</bibRefCitation>
, CD-ROM.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C31390F2ED1AFFDFFF4727D27EABBF81" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1AFFD0FF4727D27C69B9CC" blockId="6.[151,1437,1352,1989]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FF4727D27EBDB918" bold="true" box="[199,414,1784,1809]" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
Description.
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1AFFD0FEE327D27EB6B918" bold="true" box="[355,405,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Live</emphasis>
:
</emphasis>
Body large, smooth, light brown to orange dorsally and light orange ventrally. Margin cream interrupted with light brown shades with a thin fluorescent yellow rim without any ruffles. Numerous black coloured equally spaced spots of variable sizes present all over body without touching the margin (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1AFFD0FB6C266A7A65B950" box="[1260,1350,1856,1881]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,214,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1330]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Pseudoceros nigropunctatus sp. nov. ex situ; B. Ventral surface details; C. Star shaped female gonopore; D. Dorsal region showing arrangement of eyes. ce: cerebral eyes; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; p: pharynx; pm: pharyngeal mouth; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyes; vd: vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246779/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig.5.A</figureCitation>
). These spots are surrounded by cream colour giving a halo appearance. Pseudotentacles small, formed by simple folds of the anterior margin with same colour pattern as that of margin with tentacular eyes present at the tips. Cerebral eyespots cluster horseshoe shaped with 80–85 eyes (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1AFFD0FD6326867C02B9CC" box="[739,801,1964,1989]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,214,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1330]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Pseudoceros nigropunctatus sp. nov. ex situ; B. Ventral surface details; C. Star shaped female gonopore; D. Dorsal region showing arrangement of eyes. ce: cerebral eyes; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; p: pharynx; pm: pharyngeal mouth; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyes; vd: vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246779/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="117">Fig.5</figureCitation>
.D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7693F1ED1BFFD1FF1724687C1CBB9F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246779/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" targetBox="[151,1418,214,1310]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1BFFD1FF1724687C1CBB9F" blockId="7.[151,1436,1346,1430]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FF1724687E37BB51" bold="true" box="[151,276,1346,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED1BFFD1FEBE24687D7DBB51" box="[318,606,1346,1368]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FEBE24687D7DBB51" box="[318,606,1346,1368]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Pseudoceros nigropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FDE724697D9ABB51" bold="true" box="[615,697,1347,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EA210ED1BFFD1FDE724697D9ABB51" box="[615,697,1347,1368]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FD4224697C25BB51" box="[706,774,1347,1368]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">ex situ</emphasis>
; B. Ventral surface details; C. Star shaped female gonopore; D. Dorsal region showing arrangement of eyes. ce: cerebral eyes; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; p: pharynx; pm: pharyngeal mouth; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyes; vd: vas deferens.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1BFFD1FF4724E87C21B8BA" blockId="7.[151,1437,1474,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FF4724E87E61BBD2" bold="true" box="[199,322,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Preserved:</emphasis>
Specimen
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FE4224E87D30BBD3" box="[450,531,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FD0824E87DFABBD3" box="[648,729,1474,1499]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
wide at central portion. Yellow marginal rim not visible after fixation, but black spots and a clear cream margin without any interruptions remains easily visible. Body wall thickness 25-35 µm for ventral epidermis while dorsal epidermis was not clearly visible in the sections. The total distance between pharyngeal mouth and sucker is
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FD5427047C1EB84F" box="[724,829,1582,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.53" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="7.53">7.53 mm</quantity>
.
<collectingRegion id="49CD0D9BED1BFFD1FCC927047CA0B84E" box="[841,899,1582,1607]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Male</collectingRegion>
and female gonopores
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FB0E27057BC5B84F" box="[1166,1254,1583,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="1.7">1.7 mm</quantity>
apart (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1BFFD1FAB727047A54B84E" box="[1335,1399,1582,1607]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,214,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1330]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Pseudoceros nigropunctatus sp. nov. ex situ; B. Ventral surface details; C. Star shaped female gonopore; D. Dorsal region showing arrangement of eyes. ce: cerebral eyes; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; p: pharynx; pm: pharyngeal mouth; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyes; vd: vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246779/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig.5</figureCitation>
.B). Pharynx small and ruffled with 7 folds.
<collectingRegion id="49CD0D9BED1BFFD1FDDD27787DB4B862" box="[605,663,1618,1643]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Male</collectingRegion>
pore
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FD5827797C13B863" box="[728,816,1619,1643]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
from pharyngeal mouth. Female gonopore star shaped (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1BFFD1FF1F275C7FFEB886" box="[159,221,1654,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1346,1368]" captionTargetBox="[151,1418,214,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,195,1330]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Pseudoceros nigropunctatus sp. nov. ex situ; B. Ventral surface details; C. Star shaped female gonopore; D. Dorsal region showing arrangement of eyes. ce: cerebral eyes; fp: female gonopore; mp: male gonopore; p: pharynx; pm: pharyngeal mouth; su: sucker; te: tentacular eyes; vd: vas deferens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246779/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig.5</figureCitation>
.C) with numerous easily visible cement glands. A paired vas deferens running towards male gonopore is recognisable. Sucker 40 µm in length and conspicuous.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED1BFFD1FF4727947B01B9A6" blockId="7.[151,1437,1474,1967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED1BFFD1FF4727947ECAB8DE" bold="true" box="[199,489,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Reproductive characters:</emphasis>
Measurements refer to length in a
<quantity id="4CF16E9CED1BFFD1FCF227947CE1B8DF" box="[882,962,1726,1751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" unit="mm" value="26.0">26 mm</quantity>
long worm, the
<typeStatus id="54B27DDBED1BFFD1FBFB27947BC2B8DE" box="[1147,1249,1726,1751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Seminal vesicle (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1BFFD1FF1F27C87FFFB8F2" box="[159,220,1762,1787]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,244,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,452,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,445,1266]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Diagrammatic representation of male genital system. cg: cement glands; ed: ejaculatory duct; ma: male atrium; mp: male gonopore; pd: prostatic duct; pv: prostatic vesicle; sv: seminal vesicle; st: stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246781/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig.7</figureCitation>
.A) oval (481×516 µm), muscular wall thickness surrounding the lumen variable (48–114 µm), tapering towards the anterior side and slightly downwards at posterior side. Lumen lined by heavily ciliated epithelium with nucleus at periphery. Prostatic vesicle round (327×220 µm), located anterior to seminal vesicle above last fold of pharynx. Lumen not visible instead numerous glandular fibres are visible (
<figureCitation id="1332DFFCED1BFFD1FC5B26647B38B96E" box="[987,1051,1870,1895]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,244,1275,1297]" captionTargetBox="[164,1432,452,1264]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,445,1266]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Diagrammatic representation of male genital system. cg: cement glands; ed: ejaculatory duct; ma: male atrium; mp: male gonopore; pd: prostatic duct; pv: prostatic vesicle; sv: seminal vesicle; st: stylet." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246781/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Fig.7</figureCitation>
.B).
<collectingRegion id="49CD0D9BED1BFFD1FBC726647BA2B96E" box="[1095,1153,1870,1895]" country="Maldives" name="Maale" pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Male</collectingRegion>
atrium deep and ciliated, housing a stylet 81 µm long and opening ventrally by a small male gonopore. Some dense cement glands and a highly nucleus populated region is visible but no female gonopore was observed.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF7693F1ED14FFDEFF1727487CBAB89F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246780/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" targetBox="[164,1420,208,1596]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED14FFDEFF1727487CBAB89F" blockId="8.[151,1436,1634,1686]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFF1727487E36B87E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1634,1656]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
A &amp; B. Histological sections of reproductive structures; C. Sucker. ma: male atrium; mp: male gonopore; pp: penis papilla; pv: prostatic vesicle; su: sucker; sv: seminal vesicle; st: stylet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BB6C379ED14FFDFFF4727967EABBF81" blockId="8.[151,1436,1724,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="120" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFF4727967E9EB8DC" bold="true" box="[199,445,1724,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Taxonomic remarks.</emphasis>
With 87 species (Tyler
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFD4727977DD4B8DC" box="[711,759,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
.
<date id="FFB7E5B9ED14FFDEFC8627967CABB8DC" box="[774,904,1724,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" value="2006" valueMax="2015">2006–2015</date>
),
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFC1C27977B3CB8DC" box="[924,1055,1725,1749]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Pseudocero</emphasis>
s is the largest genus in the family
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED14FFDEFF1727CA7E71B8F0" box="[151,338,1760,1785]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Pseudocerotidae</taxonomicName>
. Members of this genus can be differentiated at specific level solely on the basis of colours and patterns (
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFE87262E7E94B914" author="Prudhoe" box="[263,439,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Prudhoe, S. (1989) Polyclad turbellarians recorded from African Waters. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Zool), 55 (1), 47 - 96." type="journal article" year="1989">Prudhoe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFE4B262F7C24B914" author="Newman" box="[459,775,1797,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocerotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article" year="1994">Newman &amp; Cannon 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFC9A262E7C76B914" author="Newman" box="[794,853,1796,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1996) New genera of pseudocerotid flatworms (Platyhelminthes; Polycladida) from Australian and Papua New Guinean coral reefs. Journal of Natural History, 30 (10), 1425 - 1441. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222939600770811" type="journal article" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFCE9262F7C87B914" author="Newman" box="[873,932,1797,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1997) Nine new species of Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo- Pacific. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 45 (2), 341 - 368." type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFC37262F7CD3B914" author="Newman" box="[951,1008,1797,1821]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1998) Pseudoceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo-Pacific with twelve new species from Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (2), 293 - 323." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
) because of the similarity in their reproductive structures. This colour based species level identification was further validated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFB3726027FC0B96C" author="Litvaitis" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Litvaitis, M. K. &amp; Newman, L. J. (2001) A molecular framework for the phylogeny of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida). Hydrobiologia, 444, 177 - 182." type="journal article" year="2001">Litvaitis &amp; Newman (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, supported by a nucleotide sequences based study of
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED14FFDEFCF926667B17B96C" box="[889,1076,1868,1893]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudocerotidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">Pseudocerotidae</taxonomicName>
. The newly described species
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED14FFDEFF17265B7EF5B981" box="[151,470,1905,1929]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFF17265B7EF5B981" box="[151,470,1905,1929]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">Pseudoceros nigropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFE5E265A7D1AB980" bold="true" box="[478,569,1904,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EA210ED14FFDEFE5E265A7D1AB980" box="[478,569,1904,1929]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
presented here is very distinctive and unmatched in terms of its colour and pattern within this genus, with the exception of
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED14FFDEFD6B26BF7B3FB9A4" authority="Kato, 1944" authorityName="Kato" authorityYear="1944" box="[747,1052,1941,1965]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nipponicus">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED14FFDEFD6B26BF7CAAB9A5" box="[747,905,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="119">P. nipponicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED14FFDEFC1726BF7B3FB9A4" author="Kato" box="[919,1052,1941,1965]" pageId="8" pageNumber="119" refString="Kato, K. (1944) Polycladida from Japan. The Journal of the Sigenkagaku Kenkyusyo, 1 (3), 257 - 322." type="journal article" year="1944">Kato, 1944</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
which also possesses a similar background and black spots on the dorsum but differs from the former in having a russet brown sub-marginal band with a black rim and a light coloured median stripe. However, there are a few more species with spots on their body, namely
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFEBD21B37DC0BEB9" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1994" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1994" box="[317,739,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFEBD21B37E81BEB9" box="[317,418,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. lindae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED15FFDFFE2E21B27DC0BEB9" author="Newman" box="[430,739,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocerotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article" year="1994">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFD7321B37BE0BEB9" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1998" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1998" box="[755,1219,152,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="laingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFD7321B37CA6BEB9" box="[755,901,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. laingensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED15FFDFFC1021B27BE0BEB9" author="Newman" box="[912,1219,152,176]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1998) Pseudoceros (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Indo-Pacific with twelve new species from Australia and Papua New Guinea. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 46 (2), 293 - 323." type="journal article" year="1998">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFA8121B37EEABEDD" authority="Newman &amp; Cannon, 1994" authorityName="Newman &amp; Cannon" authorityYear="1994" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scintillatus">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFA8121B37ABFBEB9" box="[1281,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. scintillatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED15FFDFFF1721977EEABEDD" author="Newman" box="[151,457,188,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (1994) Pseudoceros and Pseudobiceros (Platyhelminthes, Polycladida, Pseudocerotidae) from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 37 (1), 205 - 266." type="journal article" year="1994">Newman &amp; Cannon, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="C68BF6C2ED15FFDFFE5C21967D17BEDC" box="[476,564,188,213]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="10.[151,244,151,176]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of Pseudoceros nigropunctatus sp. nov. characters with similarly coloured species." pageId="9" pageNumber="120">Table.2</tableCitation>
). Both
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFD0C21977DD1BEDD" box="[652,754,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFD0C21977DD1BEDD" box="[652,754,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFCB021977CE2BEDD" box="[816,961,188,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="laingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFCB021977CE2BEDD" box="[816,961,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. laingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by small spots but the appearance and colour of spots are very different from
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFC9D21CB7CC6BEFE" box="[797,997,224,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="nigropunctatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFC9D21CB7CC6BEFE" box="[797,997,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. nigropunctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFC6E21F57B6FBEF1" bold="true" box="[1006,1100,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A24EA210ED15FFDFFC6E21F57B6FBEF1" box="[1006,1100,223,248]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFBD621CB7B99BEF1" box="[1110,1210,224,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lindae">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFBD621CB7B99BEF1" box="[1110,1210,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. lindae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by golden yellow spots on the dorsum and elongate spots at the margin while
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFB80202F7BB3BF15" box="[1024,1168,260,284]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="laingensis">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFB80202F7BB3BF15" box="[1024,1168,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. laingensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is characterised by the presence of smaller purple dots scattered all over the dorsum.
<taxonomicName id="4C09B8FAED15FFDFFCD120037CCBBF49" box="[849,1000,296,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Pseudoceritidae" genus="Pseudoceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="scintillatus">
<emphasis id="B97D1F6BED15FFDFFCD120037CCBBF49" box="[849,1000,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="120">P. scintillatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is another species with spots but these are very big, clearly outlined and touching the margin.
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED15FFDFFC8020677B0FBF6D" author="Newman" box="[768,1068,332,356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2003) Marine Flatworms. The World of Polyclads. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 97 pp." type="book" year="2003">Newman &amp; Cannon (2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF98BE88ED15FFDFFBB720667B52BF6C" author="Newman" box="[1079,1137,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="120" refString="Newman, L. J. &amp; Cannon, L. R. G. (2005) Fabulous Flatworms: a guide to marine polyclads. Version 1. ABRS &amp; CSIRO Publishing: Canberra and Australia. CD-ROM." type="journal volume" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
) mentioned this species as rare and undescribed.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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