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<document id="720C15A129D353D1407E9D2C2DAAD69D" ID-CLB-Dataset="20350" ID-DOI="10.1371/journal.pone.0057039" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fcefd797-1d3e-43c6-ad6e-8550a33e9199" ID-PMC="PMC3579775" ID-PubMed="23451138" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6338572" IM.bibliography_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1646763225922" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Vorontsova, Maria S. &amp; Prohens, Jaime" docDate="2013" docId="03809C4EFFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FB091A0F" docLanguage="en" docName="PLoSONE.8.2.e57039.pdf" docOrigin="PLoS ONE 8 (2)" docTitle="Solanum umtuma Voronts. &amp; S. Knapp" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="FFB9E436FFCEFFD4FF8EFFABFFB01C62" masterDocTitle="Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group" masterLastPageNumber="12" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="10" updateTime="1699317470283" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="B0AA0DBF62F9B400B06ABAA30A05F062">Wild Relatives of the Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.: Solanaceae): New Understanding of Species Names in a Complex Group</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CF3B06A787D1382C7CB0887E88235A60">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A18CFBCCA6CBF198C6D8364E5D452AEC">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="958C91227F2F8C945959B6AA22B5A216">Vorontsova, Maria S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="AA0BBF28D42D42D273ADA16BDC4F04C8">Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4780FD78D3EA248A52DC2769819095E1">Prohens, Jaime</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E769DE497FF307515E0874D2E5DEEDD6">Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="49EE36AE258E6DA084BFF52110E4D399">PLoS ONE</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03809C4EFFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FB091A0F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6339104" ID-GBIF-Taxon="193889181" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6339104" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03809C4EFFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FB091A0F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03809C4EFFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FB091A0F" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FA771946" box="[842,1479,1294,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC7FFDDFCC4FAA4FA771946" blockId="9.[842,1479,1294,1316]" box="[842,1479,1294,1316]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
10.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFCE6FAA5FB571946" ID-CoL="4Y4LC" authority="Voronts. &amp; S.Knapp" authorityName="Voronts. &amp; S. Knapp" box="[872,1255,1294,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
Solanum umtuma
<bibCitation id="5E032534FFC7FFDDFB93FAA5FB571946" author="Voronts. &amp; S.Knapp" box="[1053,1255,1294,1316]" journal="PhytoKeys" page="4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" volume="8" year="2012">Voronts. &amp; S.Knapp</bibCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, PhytoKeys 8: 4. 2012.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC7FFDDFCEEFAEBFB3919EF" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC7FFDDFCEEFAEBFB3919EF" blockId="9.[840,1479,1344,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Distribution. Endemic to the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa; occasional on grassland, scrub, and forest edges, on sandy soil,
<quantity id="4CD180BDFFC7FFDDFC3BFADCFB9419EF" box="[949,1060,1399,1421]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="675.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="50.0">501300 m</quantity>
elevation.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3337ED3FFC7FFDDFCEEFA38FB091A0F" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B962D58FFC7FFDDFCEEFA38FB091A0F" blockId="9.[840,1479,1344,1645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFCEEFA38FC4219CB" box="[864,1010,1427,1449]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFCEEFA38FC4219CB" box="[864,1010,1427,1449]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solanum umtuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sympatric with and closely related [
<bibRefCitation id="EFB850A9FFC7FFDDFAE1FA3FFA3A19C8" author="Vorontsova MS &amp; Stern SS &amp; Bohs L &amp; Knapp S" box="[1391,1418,1428,1450]" journalOrPublisher="Bot J Linn Soc" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refId="ref11249" refString="38. Vorontsova MS, Stern SS, Bohs L, Knapp S (2013) African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle. Bot J Linn Soc, in press." title="African spiny Solanum (subgenus Leptostemonum, Solanaceae): a thorny phylogenetic tangle" type="book" year="2013">38</bibRefCitation>
] to
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFA3BFA38FC1719A6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFA3BFA38FC1719A6" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. linnaeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFC3BFA04FBD419A6" box="[949,1124,1455,1476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFC3BFA04FBD419A6" box="[949,1124,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solanum linnaeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has distinctive deeply incised leaves with rounded lobes (see
<figureCitation id="131231DDFFC7FFDDFBDFFA60FB2D1983" box="[1105,1181,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="4.[155,220,172,191]" captionTargetBox="[160,1391,167,1911]" captionTargetId="figure-0@3.[155,1397,162,1916]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 1. Representative flower and fruit morphology of eggplant and its wild relatives. A. Solanum campylacanthum inflorescences (Kenya - Vorontsova et al. 157); B. Solanum incanum immature fruit (Kenya Vorontsova et al. 203); C. Solanum insanum fruit cross-section (China Wang et al. 2047); D. Solanum insanum inflorescence with several hermaphrodite flowers (China Wang et al. 2039); E. Solanum linnaeanum with yellow mature and mottled green immature fruit, note highly dissected leaves (Spain - Knapp IM-10096); F. Solanum melongena flower with duplicated parts (China Wang et al. 2042). Photographs: A, B taken M.S. Vorontsova; C, D, E, F taken by S. Knapp. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057039.g001" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6338574" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6338574/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
) while
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFB7BFA60FAE61983" box="[1269,1366,1483,1505]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFB7BFA60FAE61983" box="[1269,1366,1483,1505]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. umtuma</emphasis>
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has more shallowly lobed leaves with acute lobes although some specimens have been seen with rounded lobes. The flowers of
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFACAF9A8FA2F1A7A" box="[1348,1439,1539,1560]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umtuma">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFACAF9A8FA2F1A7A" box="[1348,1439,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. umtuma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are usually pale lilac or white, while those of
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFB53F9B4FAE41A51" box="[1245,1364,1566,1588]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="linnaeanum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFB53F9B4FAE41A51" box="[1245,1364,1566,1588]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. linnaeanum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are purple.
<taxonomicName id="4C2956DBFFC7FFDDFCC6F991FC441A32" box="[840,1012,1594,1616]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerasiferum">
<emphasis id="B95DF14AFFC7FFDDFCC6F991FC441A32" box="[840,1012,1594,1616]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Solanum cerasiferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also similar, but has less prickly calyces and deltate, rather than leafy, calyx lobes.
</paragraph>
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