747 lines
108 KiB
XML
747 lines
108 KiB
XML
<document id="D6630D027F26DA0D1754AA8F7478ADA4" ID-CLB-Dataset="32686" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4291.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="62931799-dbc5-475d-9028-b99ac00d1edb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="829531" ID-ZooBank="28772C8C-1E20-4A92-A9BD-1F5D016BD981" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1500111698979" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schwarz, Christian J. & Shcherbakov, Evgeny" docDate="2017" docId="03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4291.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4291 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Astyliasula sarawaca Westwood 1889, stat. rev." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="261" masterDocId="FFE5F95C180BA170FFFCFFB1FFEF6366" masterDocTitle="Revision of Hestiasulini Giglio-Tos, 1915 stat. rev. (Insecta: Mantodea: Hymenopodidae) of Borneo, with description of new taxa and comments on the taxonomy of the tribe" masterLastPageNumber="274" masterPageNumber="243" pageNumber="256" updateTime="1698465566927" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="12541F277E7A6C78C401AF2CB83DE5BB">
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<mods:title id="25B8EF11DF613F23C70B215AFCA43C6D">Revision of Hestiasulini Giglio-Tos, 1915 stat. rev. (Insecta: Mantodea: Hymenopodidae) of Borneo, with description of new taxa and comments on the taxonomy of the tribe</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D4E7E2D8621FADC5DE84FB414F05D4A5" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="5D23B4ABDB8173A76EF2EF13282DAA4C">Schwarz, Christian J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DCF0D494403F32E89F407D202AD97C65">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2C3E96AA6AB9FF6BF1C0B0FE336364FD">Shcherbakov, Evgeny</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BAB7C2B28301339E9ADA5B427AAE3EAC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7D9DEF5F30AED0B1A481EF4AFC47F314">
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<mods:date id="A69E134866A9F4D02EFB98F722EC20A2">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19D1D931285AEE9E8EA8211C000F5210">4291</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6050960" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132549696" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6050960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="261" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
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<subSubSection id="C36F63B91806A17DFF6BFD94FDE86107" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF6BFD94FC926159" blockId="13.[151,893,549,609]" box="[151,893,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
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<heading id="D082875E1806A17DFF6BFD94FC926159" bold="true" box="[151,893,549,575]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF6BFD94FC926159" bold="true" box="[151,893,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFF6BFD94FD956159" ID-CoL="J5Z8" authority="Westwood, 1889" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,634,549,575]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca" status="stat. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF6BFD94FE796159" bold="true" box="[151,406,549,575]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Astyliasula sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31806A17DFE59FD94FD9D6159" author="Westwood" box="[421,626,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio insectorum familiae mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 54 + III pp., 14 pl." type="book" year="1889">Westwood, 1889</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A232515B1806A17DFD7EFD94FD046159" box="[642,747,549,575]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">stat. rev.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
& n. comb.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF6BFDF9FDE86107" blockId="13.[151,893,549,609]" box="[151,519,584,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFF63FDF9FEEC6107" box="[159,259,584,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Hestiasulini. 1. Male of Hestiasula brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 2. Female of H. brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 3. Male of Astyliasula phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 4. Female of A. phyllopus from Brunei (CS). 5. Male of A. sarawaca from Brunei (SMNK). 6. Female of A. sarawaca from Kalimantan (RMNH). 7. Pseudohestiasula borneana, holotype (SMNK). 8. Male of Catestiasula moultoni from Sarawak (CS) (scale bar: 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829533/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Figs 5–6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFEF3FDF9FEB86107" box="[271,343,584,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">12, 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFE9FFDF9FE436107" box="[355,428,584,609]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 23 – 25" captionStart-1="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStart-2="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId-0="15.[151,264,998,1021]" captionStartId-1="16.[151,264,1780,1803]" captionStartId-2="17.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox-0="[289,1298,202,960]" captionTargetBox-1="[240,1366,494,1751]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[251,1335,193,977]" captionTargetId-1="figure@16.[195,1392,481,1759]" captionTargetId-2="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="16" captionTargetPageId-2="17" captionText-0="FIGURES 23 – 25. Terminalia of A. sarawaca. 23. Supra-anal plate and cerci. 24. Subgenital plate, dorsal view. 25. Subgenital plate, posterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." captionText-1="FIGURES 26 – 32. Genitalia of A. sarawaca. 26. Genitalia of Trus Madi male in ventral view. 27 – 28. Ventral processes of two Brunei males. 29 – 30. Phalloid apophysises of two Brunei males. 31. Right phallomere in antero-sinistral view. 32. Left phallomere in dorsal view. Arrow indicates fold in dorsal lamina (scale bar: 1 mm)." captionText-2="FIGURES 33 – 36. Holotype of A. sarawaca; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/829539/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/829541/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">23–36</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFE4BFDF9FE3A6107" box="[439,469,584,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1839,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Life aspect of Bornean Astyliasula. 53. Male of A. sarawaca, Kubah NP, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Fu- Sheng Huang. 54. Female of A. phyllopus in dorsal view, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 55. Captive raised female of A. phyllopus in cryptic resting position; Photo © Daniel Döpfner. 56. A. phyllopus, displaying female, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 57. A. phyllopus, displaying male, Mt. Trus Madi, Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia; Photo © Evgeny Shcherbakov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829553/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">53</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFE1DFDF9FE116107" box="[481,510,584,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 60 – 62" captionStartId="27.[151,264,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[176,1416,359,1677]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[151,1436,339,1700]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURES 60 – 62. Distribution maps of Bornean Hestiasulini. 60. C. moultoni (circles) and C. nitida (squares); open square indicates unprecise locality information. 61. A. phyllopus. 62. A. sarawaca (circles) and P. borneana (square); open circle indicates unprecise locality information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829557/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">62</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F63B91806A17DFF6BFD20FC9461A2" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF6BFD20FD2261C0" blockId="13.[151,891,656,709]" box="[151,717,656,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65171C1806A17DFF6BFD20FD2261C0" box="[151,717,656,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFF6BFD20FDF161C0" authority="Westwood 1889: 44" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="44" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,542,656,678]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF6BFD20FEA361C0" box="[151,332,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Hestias sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD416231806A17DFEAEFD21FDF161C0" author="Westwood" box="[338,542,656,678]" page="44" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1889">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31806A17DFEAEFD21FE1661C0" author="Westwood" box="[338,505,656,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio insectorum familiae mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 54 + III pp., 14 pl." type="book" year="1889">Westwood 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 44
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, pl. 11, fig. 1 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFD4FFD21FD2C61C0" box="[691,707,656,678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
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)
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF6BFD1FFC9461A2" blockId="13.[151,891,656,709]" box="[151,891,686,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB65171C1806A17DFF6BFD1FFC9461A2" box="[151,891,686,709]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
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<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFF6BFD1FFDA961A2" authority="Westwood, 1889" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,582,686,709]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF6BFD1FFE6C61A3" box="[151,387,686,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Pachymantis sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31806A17DFE73FD1FFDD161A2" author="Westwood" box="[399,574,686,708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio insectorum familiae mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 54 + III pp., 14 pl." type="book" year="1889">Westwood, 1889</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD416231806A17DFD8EFD1FFCF661A2" author="Kirby" box="[626,793,686,708]" page="288" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" year="1904">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31806A17DFD8EFD1FFD0661A2" author="Kirby" box="[626,745,686,708]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria. British Museum (Natural History), London, X + 501 pp." type="book" year="1904">Kirby 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 288
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFCD4FD01FC8461A3" box="[808,875,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">partim</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F63B91806A17DFF6BFD40FAA96714" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF6BFD40FA92606C" blockId="13.[151,1437,753,2038]" box="[151,1405,753,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF6BFD40FEAA606C" bold="true" box="[151,325,753,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Type material.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype: ♀, Sarawak, A. R. Wallace leg., coll. Saunders (OUMNH-466; pinned) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFB12FD40FA9E606C" box="[1262,1393,753,778]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Holotype of A. sarawaca; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Figs 33–36</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF3BFCA4FAA96714" blockId="13.[151,1437,753,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFF3BFCA4FE476034" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326326" collectingDate="1967-03-04" collectingDateMax="1967-03-14" collectingDateMin="1967-03-04" collectorName="E. W. Diehl" country="Indonesia" elevation="180" location="Merangir" municipality="Dolok" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sumatra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF3BFCA4FE566048" bold="true" box="[199,441,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Additional material.</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFE3CFCA7FE04604B" box="[448,491,790,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFE0BFCA4FD886048" box="[503,615,789,814]" name="Indonesia" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, NE
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFD62FCA7FD116048" box="[670,766,790,814]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFCF5FCA4FCBD6048" box="[777,850,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Dolok</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFCA1FCA4FC286048" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFCA1FCA4FC286048" box="[861,967,789,814]" country="Indonesia" municipality="Dolok" name="Merangir" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sumatra">Merangir</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0058D7011806A17DFC2DFCA7FBF5604B" box="[977,1050,790,814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="180.0">
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<quantity id="4C8D9DD71806A17DFC2DFCA7FBF5604B" box="[977,1050,790,814]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
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||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FEF1A1806A17DFBDAFCA7FB316048" box="[1062,1246,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="1967-03-04" valueMax="1967-03-14" valueMin="1967-03-04">
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFBDAFCA7FB316048" box="[1062,1246,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="1967-03-04" valueMax="1967-03-14" valueMin="1967-03-04">04.–14.III. 1967</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268055E41806A17DFB15FCA7FA836048" box="[1257,1388,789,814]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">E. W. Diehl</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (SMNK-03643; pinned)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFE4FFC8BFA916034" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326317" box="[435,1406,825,850]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="1.47" location="Hotel" municipality="Gunung Santubong" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sarawak">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFE4FFC8BFE306037" box="[435,479,826,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFE17FC88FDBA6034" box="[491,597,825,850]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AB48BE1806A17DFDA3FC8BFD5B6037" box="[607,692,826,849]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Borneo</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFD43FC88FCCD6034" box="[703,802,825,850]" country="Malaysia" name="Sarawak" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Sarawak</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFCD2FC8BFBE56034" box="[814,1034,825,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Gunung Santubong</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFBE8FC88FBBD6034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFBE8FC88FBBD6034" box="[1044,1106,825,850]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="1.47" municipality="Gunung Santubong" name="Hotel" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sarawak">Hotel</location>
|
||
“
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFB98FC88FAFE6034" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFB98FC88FAFE6034" box="[1124,1297,825,850]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="1.47" municipality="Gunung Santubong" name="Damai Lagoon" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sarawak">Damai Lagoon</location>
|
||
”,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4156F51806A17DFADBFC8BFA916034" box="[1319,1406,826,850]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" precision="555" value="1.47">N 1.47°</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–E 110.19°, lux,
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFED2FCECFE486010" box="[302,423,861,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2000-10-15">15.X.2000</date>
|
||
, H. Karbaum leg. (SMNK-03630; pinned);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFC6CFCEFFF1F60D8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326311" collectingDate="2013-02" collectorName="O. Konopik" country="Brunei" location="Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre" municipality="Borneo" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Temburong">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFC6CFCEFFC536013" box="[912,956,862,886]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFC34FCECFBF86010" box="[968,1047,861,886]" name="Brunei" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFBDEFCEFFB986013" box="[1058,1143,862,885]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Borneo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, Ulu
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFB48FCECFADA6010" box="[1204,1333,861,886]" country="Brunei" name="Temburong" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Temburong</collectingRegion>
|
||
National Park,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFF25FC30FD9360FC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFF25FC30FD9360FC" box="[217,636,897,922]" country="Brunei" municipality="Borneo" name="Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Temburong">Kuala Belalong Field Studies Centre</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FEF1A1806A17DFD7BFC33FD3360FC" box="[647,732,898,922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2013-02">
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFD7BFC33FD3360FC" box="[647,732,898,922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2013-02">II.2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268055E41806A17DFD14FC33FC8160FC" box="[744,878,897,922]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">O. Konopik</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (genitalia preparation Schwarz No. 59) (CS; pinned)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
; 1 ♂, same place (genitalia preparation Schwarz No. 51) (SMNK, ex. CS; pinned);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFB6AFC17FBF46084" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326303" collectingDate="2004-01-26" collectingDateMax="2004-01-30" collectingDateMin="2004-01-26" collectionCode="BOR" collectorName="M. D. Mahadimenakbar" country="Malaysia" location="Melalap" municipality="Borneo" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFB6AFC17FB2D60DB" box="[1174,1218,934,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFB32FC14FAD760D8" box="[1230,1336,933,958]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFABFFC17FA7760DB" box="[1347,1432,934,957]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Borneo</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFF6BFC78FF316084" box="[151,222,969,994]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFF13FC78FEA16084" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFF13FC78FEA16084" box="[239,334,969,994]" country="Malaysia" municipality="Borneo" name="Melalap" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">Melalap</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FEF1A1806A17DFEA3FC78FE126084" box="[351,509,969,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2004-01-26" valueMax="2004-01-30" valueMin="2004-01-26">
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFEA3FC78FE126084" box="[351,509,969,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2004-01-26" valueMax="2004-01-30" valueMin="2004-01-26">26.–30.I.2004</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268055E41806A17DFDF3FC7BFCC76084" box="[527,808,969,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">M. D. Mahadimenakbar</collectorName>
|
||
leg. (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED64A8F71806A17DFC8FFC7BFC5E6084" box="[883,945,970,994]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13160" name="Guermonprez Museum" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">BOR</collectionCode>
|
||
; pinned)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFBD0FC7BFCCE6760" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326299" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="5.4430556" location="Trus Madi Forest Reserve" municipality="Keningau distr." pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFBD0FC7BFBB16087" box="[1068,1118,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFB8CFC78FB356084" box="[1136,1242,969,994]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AB48BE1806A17DFB17FC7BFAAF6087" box="[1259,1344,970,993]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Borneo</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFAADFC78FA776084" box="[1361,1432,969,994]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFF6BFC5CFEA86760" box="[151,327,1005,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Keningau distr.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFEA9FC5FFD6E6763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFEA9FC5FFD6E6763" box="[341,641,1005,1030]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="5.4430556" municipality="Keningau distr." name="Trus Madi Forest Reserve" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFEA9FC5FFDF46763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFEA9FC5FFDF46763" box="[341,539,1005,1030]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" latitude="5.4430556" municipality="Keningau distr." name="Trus Madi Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">Trus Madi Forest</location>
|
||
Reserve
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4156F51806A17DFD73FC5FFCCE6760" box="[655,801,1005,1030]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" precision="15" value="5.4430556">N 05°26’35”</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
–E 116°27’05”,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71806A17DFC27FC5CFBDB6763" box="[987,1076,1005,1030]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="1250.0">1250 m</quantity>
|
||
, mixed dipterocarp forest,
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFA97FC5CFEE3674C" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2014-05-25" valueMax="2014-05-26" valueMin="2014-05-25">25.– 26.V.2014</date>
|
||
, E. Shcherbakov leg. (ES; pinned);
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFD5FFBA3FD096728" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326315" collectingDate="2012-03-19" collectingDateMax="2012-03-20" collectingDateMin="2012-03-19" collectorName="A. Klimenko" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" elevation="1160" location="Trus Madi Forest Reserve" municipality="Keningau distr." pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFD5FFBA3FD0A674F" box="[675,741,1042,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36270A21806A17DFD0FFBA0FCB3674C" box="[755,860,1041,1066]" name="Malaysia" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62AB48BE1806A17DFC94FBA3FC52674F" box="[872,957,1042,1065]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Borneo</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01806A17DFC36FBA0FBFE674C" box="[970,1041,1041,1066]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BAEAA481806A17DFBE1FBA0FB22674C" box="[1053,1229,1041,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Keningau distr.</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFB24FBA3FF1B672B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFB24FBA3FF1B672B" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" municipality="Keningau distr." name="Trus Madi Forest Reserve" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFB24FBA3FA73674F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFB24FBA3FA73674F" box="[1240,1436,1041,1066]" country="Malaysia" county="Borneo" municipality="Keningau distr." name="Trus Madi Forest" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">Trus Madi Forest</location>
|
||
Reserve
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0058D7011806A17DFF03FB84FEB9672B" box="[255,342,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="1160.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71806A17DFF03FB84FEB9672B" box="[255,342,1077,1102]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8FEF1A1806A17DFE9EFB87FDFB6728" box="[354,532,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2012-03-19" valueMax="2012-03-20" valueMin="2012-03-19">
|
||
<date id="FFCB16F21806A17DFE9EFB87FDFB6728" box="[354,532,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" value="2012-03-19" valueMax="2012-03-20" valueMin="2012-03-19">19.–20.III.2012</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268055E41806A17DFDDCFB87FD5C6728" box="[544,691,1077,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">A. Klimenko</collectorName>
|
||
leg.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFD0FFB87FB27672B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326319" box="[755,1224,1077,1102]" country="Malaysia" location="Westw" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFD0FFB87FCF2672B" box="[755,797,1078,1102]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFCD0FB84FBDE6728" box="[812,1073,1077,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFCD0FB84FBDE6728" box="[812,1073,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Pachymantis sarawaka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sic!)
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFB87FB87FB27672B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFB87FB87FB27672B" box="[1147,1224,1078,1101]" country="Malaysia" name="Westw" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">Westw</location>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B1D3A6F1806A17DFB2FFB87FAA96714" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1572326308" country="Malaysia" location="Mahakkam" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D73FBBB1806A17DFB2FFB87FB07672B" box="[1235,1256,1078,1101]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFAFBFB84FF3D6717" authority="De Haan" authorityName="De Haan" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFAFBFB84FA9B6728" box="[1287,1396,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
De Haan
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(handwritten), Borneo-Exped. Dr. Nieuwenhuis 1894,
|
||
<location id="8EAA66E91806A17DFCC7FBE8FC566714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DC81241806A162FF6BFD94FCC166A6:8EAA66E91806A17DFCC7FBE8FC566714" box="[827,953,1113,1138]" country="Malaysia" name="Mahakkam" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" stateProvince="Sabah">Mahakkam</location>
|
||
riv. (RMNH-INS 968168; pinned).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F63B91806A17FFF3BFBCCFD366681" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF3BFBCCFAC26608" blockId="13.[151,1437,753,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF3BFBCCFE9B67F0" bold="true" box="[199,372,1149,1174]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFE82FBCCFE5867F0" box="[382,439,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Male</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFE34FBCCFDEA67F0" box="[456,517,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Head</emphasis>
|
||
large,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFDA9FBCCFD2B67F0" box="[597,708,1149,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangular">triangular</taxonomicName>
|
||
, distinctly depressed between compound eyes. Compound eyes roughly pentagonal, exophthalmic. Vertex nearly flat, with a pair of shallow depressions, separated from the ocellar area by a sulcus connecting the sockets of compound eyes, and from the sockets of compound eyes by parietal sulci. Ocelli elevated on sockets, forming an isosceles triangle. Frontal ocellus nearly round, lateral ocelli oval, slightly larger than the frontal ocellus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFDA5FABCFD256640" box="[601,714,1293,1318]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="13" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scutellum</taxonomicName>
|
||
transverse, its ventral margin slightly concave, lateral parts of dorsal margin concave, converging into a rounded and slightly protruding apex. Surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFB43FA80FAC3662C" box="[1215,1324,1329,1354]" class="Trilobita" family="Styginidae" genus="Scutellum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Corynexochida" pageId="13" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">scutellum</taxonomicName>
|
||
with two paramedian tubercles and two lateral carinae. Clypeus elevated medially, with a very thin carina ventrad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17DFF3BFACBFBB165E8" blockId="13.[151,1437,753,2038]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF3BFACBFED966F7" box="[199,310,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Pronotum</emphasis>
|
||
rhomboidal in dorsal perspective, anterior margin widely rounded, posterior margin truncate. Lateral margins of prozona very indistinctly serrulated, of metazona just posteriad supracoxal furrow with a small
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11806A17DFF6BFA70FEEB66BC" box="[151,260,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="13" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangular">triangular</taxonomicName>
|
||
spine on each side. Prozona and metazona dorsally smooth, laterally covered by long setae. Prozona with a shallow sulcus following the curvature of the anterior margin, with a pair of sinuous paramedian ridges, and a very low median ridge in its posterior half. Metazona about the same length as prozona, separated from the latter by deep transverse supracoxal furrow, with a low median ridge and a pair of flat, rounded tubercles at its posterior margin. Lateral margins of metazona sharply bent dorsally in lateral perspective. Meso- and metathorax similar in size, covered by long setae, metathorax ventrally with a cyclopean ear of the DK
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8E901806A17DFBDAF9C7FBB565E8" box="[1062,1114,1654,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">type</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321806A17EFF3BF928FB2A6226" blockId="13.[151,1437,753,2038]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="257" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201806A17DFF3BF928FEC565D4" box="[199,298,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Forelegs</emphasis>
|
||
. Fore coxa dorsally with 5–7 small oblique spines and several smaller tubercles, ventrally with 15–18 small tubercles roughly arranged in two rows. Apical lobes adjacent. Fore femur (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71806A17DFBBAF90CFB7665B0" box="[1094,1177,1725,1750]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="256">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
) wide, with extremely dilated, lamellar, nearly smooth dorsal edge, ratio dilated/ventral part 1.5–1.6. Surface of dilated part irregularly undulated. Posterior surface of fore femur with multiple small tubercles. Ventral border with 12–15 antero-ventral, 4 discoidal, and 4 postero-ventral spines. Genicular lobes with a spine each, postero-ventral spine being much larger than antero-ventral one. All spines very short. Antero-ventral row with alternating longer and shorter spines, the first always short, the last always long, of the formula iIiIiIiIiIiI(ii)I. Discoidal spines arranged in a curved row, the proximal one at some distance from the remaining, aligned with antero-ventral row; size of the spine as follows: 3>2>4>1. Postero-ventral spines emerging from the cuticle flush with surrounding region, almost equal in length, the proximal two closer to each other than the remaining. Ventral margin of the femur between posteroventral spines serrulate, with small pit inside the triangle formed by the two proximal-most postero-ventral spines and distal-most discoidal spine to accommodate the distal-most postero-ventral spine of fore tibia. Fore tibia dorsally slightly convex, ventrally with 13–16 antero-ventral and 15–17 postero-ventral spines. Tibial spines regularly elongating towards apex. Antero-ventral spines spaced apart, postero-ventral spines short and decumbent, except the most distal ones. Last postero-ventral spine particularly long compared to the others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFEFDFC9A62EE" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BFEFDFE776203" box="[199,408,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Mid and hind legs</emphasis>
|
||
cursorial, pilose, without lobes. Femur with genicular spine at apex. Apex of tibia with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11805A17EFA6CFEFCFEEB62EE" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="14" pageNumber="251" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triangular">a triangular</taxonomicName>
|
||
elongation and two apical spines ventrad to elongation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFE24FDC06171" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BFE24FEE562CA" box="[199,266,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Wings</emphasis>
|
||
well developed. Tegmen elongate, moderately wide, with rounded apex. Costal field about 1/3 of tegmen width at basal third of the tegmen’s length, strongly narrowing distally, with irregular (“tree-shaped”) cross-veins. Towards the apex, cross-veins form only one row of cells between main veins. Stigma indistinct. Hind wings oxygonal, with rounded apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFD95FEA0603B" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BFD95FEDE615B" box="[199,305,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
long, with constant width and simple, transverse tergites and sternites. Supra-anal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFAC3FD95FA7C615A" box="[1343,1427,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 25" captionStartId="15.[151,264,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,202,960]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[251,1335,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 25. Terminalia of A. sarawaca. 23. Supra-anal plate and cerci. 24. Subgenital plate, dorsal view. 25. Subgenital plate, posterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
) trapezoidal, apex very weakly concave at the middle. Cerci strongly setose, with 13–14 recognizable cercomeres, first cercomere consisting of two fused cercomeres. Basal cercomeres rounded in cross-section, becoming wider and more ellipsoid towards apex. Subgenital plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFD01FD3EFC9061CE" box="[765,895,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 25" captionStartId="15.[151,264,998,1021]" captionTargetBox="[289,1298,202,960]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[251,1335,193,977]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 25. Terminalia of A. sarawaca. 23. Supra-anal plate and cerci. 24. Subgenital plate, dorsal view. 25. Subgenital plate, posterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829539/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Fig. 24–25</figureCitation>
|
||
) strongly setose, anteriorly semicircular, with extremely small anterior arms, posterior margin trapezoidal. Styli completely absent. Dorsal corners slightly asymmetrical, strongly sclerotized. Right half of posterior part dorsally with a long, curved sclerotized ridge, and a lower, less sclerotized ridge mediad the first one. Both ribs posteriorly fused, forming a large, strongly sclerotized dorsal process. A smaller, less sclerotized process is situated to the left of the first one, almost at the apex of the subgenital plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFCD6FA616753" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BFCD6FEDE60E6" box="[199,305,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFEBEFCD6FE2760E6" box="[322,456,871,896]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1780,1803]" captionTargetBox="[240,1366,494,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[195,1392,481,1759]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Genitalia of A. sarawaca. 26. Genitalia of Trus Madi male in ventral view. 27 – 28. Ventral processes of two Brunei males. 29 – 30. Phalloid apophysises of two Brunei males. 31. Right phallomere in antero-sinistral view. 32. Left phallomere in dorsal view. Arrow indicates fold in dorsal lamina (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829541/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Figs 26–32</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral phallomere roughly oval. Distal process very large, shovel-like, moderately sclerotized, narrowing dorso-ventrally toward the apex. Dorsal lamina of the left phallomere sharply folded to the right along the middle, posteriorly fused with the base of apical process. Apical process weak, thin, round in crosssection. Phalloid apophysis rectangular to trapezoidal, strongly sclerotized, slightly bifurcate at apex. Right phallomere comma-shaped, with pilose apex, its dorsal lamina with anterior edge bent dorsad, the lamellar overgrowth with a very narrow transverse pocket opening anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFC5DFBADFC1A6752" box="[929,1013,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1780,1803]" captionTargetBox="[240,1366,494,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[195,1392,481,1759]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Genitalia of A. sarawaca. 26. Genitalia of Trus Madi male in ventral view. 27 – 28. Ventral processes of two Brunei males. 29 – 30. Phalloid apophysises of two Brunei males. 31. Right phallomere in antero-sinistral view. 32. Left phallomere in dorsal view. Arrow indicates fold in dorsal lamina (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829541/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral process simple, digitiform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFB8EFC90671B" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BFB8EFEAD673E" box="[199,322,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Coloration</emphasis>
|
||
. Main color brown. Head brownish, eyes dorso-ventrally banded, vertex blackish. Palps darkened ventrally. Antennae brownish, third segment with dark annulation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFB38FA9166A6" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Pronotum mottled with dark, lighter along supracoxal furrow. Prozona anteriad paramedian ridges and median area of metazona blackish. Furcasternum and mesosternum shiny black. Anterior side of fore coxae dark brown proximally, shiny black apically. Trochanter shiny black. Posterior side of fore femora yellowish-brown, tubercles dark. Anterior side of fore femora shiny black at base, black coloration extending as a broad band along the dorsal margin, from the dorsal half of the claw groove until the distal third of the femur. Ventral margin of the fore femur with two black parallelogram-shaped spots, the first at middle of femur from sixth to eighth antero-ventral spine, the second at the base of the 2–3 most distal antero-ventral spines; both markings extending to half the width of the non-dilated part of the femur. Remaining parts of fore femora yellow to orange. Discoidal spines reddish-brown, antero-ventral spines dark. Fore tibiae yellowish-brown posteriorly, black anteriorly. Fore tarsus black ventrally.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BFA7CFECF656E" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Meso- and meta-femora and tibiae mottled with black, proximal third of anterior side of meso femora with a black stripe.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BF9A5FB796512" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Wings hyaline, with dark apex. Costal field of tegmen subhyaline, spotted with dark. Discoidal field with two irregular smoky markings, a more distinct one at middle, and a smaller subapical one. Veins partially dark. Alae hyaline with spotted anterior margin, a subhyaline area near posterior angle, and dark apex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321805A17EFF3BF9CEFC4864DF" blockId="14.[151,1436,151,1977]" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFF3BF9CEFEC965FE" box="[199,294,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Females</emphasis>
|
||
. Like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11805A17EFE91F931FE1665FE" box="[365,505,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFE91F931FE1665FE" box="[365,505,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but slightly smaller and with comparatively shorter pronotum and shorter mid and hind legs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFEF0F915FEBB65DB" box="[268,340,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Hestiasulini. 1. Male of Hestiasula brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 2. Female of H. brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 3. Male of Astyliasula phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 4. Female of A. phyllopus from Brunei (CS). 5. Male of A. sarawaca from Brunei (SMNK). 6. Female of A. sarawaca from Kalimantan (RMNH). 7. Pseudohestiasula borneana, holotype (SMNK). 8. Male of Catestiasula moultoni from Sarawak (CS) (scale bar: 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829533/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFE9DF915FE4465DB" box="[353,427,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Holotype of A. sarawaca; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">33–36</figureCitation>
|
||
), while head and fore leg size fall into the range of the former. Anterior side of fore coxae brownish, becoming slightly darker towards apex. Pattern of fore femora similar to males (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFB2FF976FAC16586" box="[1235,1326,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">Figs 16</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71805A17EFABCF976FAB06586" box="[1344,1375,1735,1760]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Holotype of A. sarawaca; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">36</figureCitation>
|
||
), but blackish pattern along dorsal margin less pronounced in the Leiden specimen. Wings about as long as abdomen, reaching slightly beyond supra-anal plate. Tegmina subopaque, like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11805A17EFC55F8BEFBF9644E" box="[937,1046,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFC55F8BEFBF9644E" box="[937,1046,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with two subhyaline patches at the posterior margin of the distal-most part of the discoidal field. Costal field slightly less than 1/3 of tegmen width, reaching greatest width just proximad of middle of tegmen, contrary to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11805A17EFC47F8E6FBC76416" box="[955,1064,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="14" pageNumber="257" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201805A17EFC47F8E6FBC76416" box="[955,1064,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="257">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
where the costal field attains 1/3 of tegmen width at about its proximal third, then gradually tapers towards subcostal vein. Hind wings except the apex strongly infumate with light veins. Abdomen widened, fusiform.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A60BA1804A17FFF6BFC57FDCA677D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829539/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" targetBox="[289,1298,202,960]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF6BFC57FDCA677D" blockId="15.[151,1435,998,1051]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFF6BFC57FEBB609A" bold="true" box="[151,340,998,1021]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">FIGURES 23–25.</emphasis>
|
||
Terminalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFE16FC59FD86609B" box="[490,617,1000,1021]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFE16FC59FD86609B" box="[490,617,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 23. Supra-anal plate and cerci. 24. Subgenital plate, dorsal view. 25. Subgenital plate, posterior view (scale bar: 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF3BFBF2FDFE678A" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFF3BFBF2FE99673A" bold="true" box="[199,374,1091,1116]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
, in mm.
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFE14FBF2FDCD673A" box="[488,546,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Male</emphasis>
|
||
: body length 22.0–23.0; head width 4.2–4.5; head length 3.5–3.7; antennae length 15.0–16.3; pronotum length 3.5–4.1; pronotum width 3.0–3.5; prozona 1.5–2.0; metazona 1.9–2.1; fore coxa length 5.0–6.5; fore femur length 7.0–8.1; fore femur width 4.8–5.3; fore tibia length 4.0–6.1; meso femur length 4.0–4.8; meso tibia length 3.5–4.5; hind femur length 5.0–5.4; hind tibia length 5.0–6.0; tegmen length 20.0–23.0; tegmen width 5.6–6.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF3BFB47FE8E661D" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFF3BFB47FEF36669" box="[199,284,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(RMNH specimen): body length 29.4; head width 5.4; head length 5.0; pronotum length 5.6; pronotum width 4.7; prozona 2.8; metazona 2.8; fore coxa length 8.5; fore femur length 10.6; fore femur width 6.8; meso femur length 4.8; meso tibia length 5.1; hind femur length 6.1–6.2; hind tibia length 7.1; tegmen length 21.3; tegmen width 8.1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF3BFA37FD366681" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFF3BFA37FEA266F9" bold="true" box="[199,333,1414,1439]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Variability.</emphasis>
|
||
In this species the ratio pronotum length/width of males usually lies between 1.16–1.18, but here also there is an aberrant specimen from Sarawak that has a particularly slender pronotum which is 1.23 times longer than wide. The ratio in females is 1.11–1.19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F63B91804A160FF3BFA42FCF162CA" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF3BFA42FABD6532" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFF3BFA42FEAE656A" bold="true" box="[199,321,1523,1548]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFEB7FA45FE35656D" box="[331,474,1524,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFEB7FA45FE35656D" box="[331,474,1524,1547]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFD33FA45FCB1656A" box="[719,862,1523,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFD33FA45FCB1656A" box="[719,862,1523,1548]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is evidenced by very similar fore-femoral patterns and male genitalia. It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFD6CF9A6FCF06549" box="[656,799,1558,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFD6CF9A6FCF06549" box="[656,799,1558,1583]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by smaller size, a shorter pronotum, a slightly shorter apical process, comparatively shorter mid and hind legs in both sexes, and the pattern of the wings in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A17FFF3BF9D1FDC56585" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
Because of occasional outliers, the ratio pronotum length/width (e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31804A17FFC2DF9EFFB4C6511" author="Agabiti" box="[977,1187,1630,1655]" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" refString="Agabiti, B., Ippolito, S. & Lombardo, F. (2010) The Mediterranean species of the genus Ameles Burmeister, 1838 (Insecta: Mantodea, Amelinae), with a biogeographic and phylogenetic evaluation. Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa (S. E. A.), 47, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2010">Agabiti et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) can be only used as a rule of thumb to differentiate between males of the two species: in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFC59F935FBDB65FD" box="[933,1076,1668,1691]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFC59F935FBDB65FD" box="[933,1076,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this ratio is usually below 1.2, while it is at least
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71804A17FFE9CF916FE7065D9" box="[352,415,1702,1727]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.048" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="1.2">1.2 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFE59F916FDDE65D9" box="[421,561,1702,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFE59F916FDDE65D9" box="[421,561,1702,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female patterns are more clearly defined,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFBE8F919FB6E65D9" box="[1044,1153,1704,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFBE8F919FB6E65D9" box="[1044,1153,1704,1727]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a ratio below 1.2, while it is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71804A17FFEF0F97AFE406582" box="[268,431,1739,1764]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3274" metricValueMax="3.3782" metricValueMin="3.2766" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="in" value="1.31" valueMax="1.33" valueMin="1.29">1.29 to 1.33 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFE4AF97AFDCC6582" box="[438,547,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFE4AF97AFDCC6582" box="[438,547,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321804A160FF3BF95EFDE0639E" blockId="15.[151,1437,1091,2015]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">
|
||
On the other hand, males of the two species can be clearly distinguished by the color pattern of the wings, which is constant and not influenced by the intensity of the body coloration nor by body size and proportions. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFA78F8A5FEEB6429" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFA78F8A5FEEB6429" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
both pair of wings are heavily mottled with dark (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71804A17FFCAEF887FC716429" box="[850,926,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Hestiasulini. 1. Male of Hestiasula brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 2. Female of H. brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 3. Male of Astyliasula phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 4. Female of A. phyllopus from Brunei (CS). 5. Male of A. sarawaca from Brunei (SMNK). 6. Female of A. sarawaca from Kalimantan (RMNH). 7. Pseudohestiasula borneana, holotype (SMNK). 8. Male of Catestiasula moultoni from Sarawak (CS) (scale bar: 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71804A17FFC50F887FC246429" box="[940,971,1846,1871]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1839,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Life aspect of Bornean Astyliasula. 53. Male of A. sarawaca, Kubah NP, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Fu- Sheng Huang. 54. Female of A. phyllopus in dorsal view, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 55. Captive raised female of A. phyllopus in cryptic resting position; Photo © Daniel Döpfner. 56. A. phyllopus, displaying female, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 57. A. phyllopus, displaying male, Mt. Trus Madi, Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia; Photo © Evgeny Shcherbakov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829553/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">57</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFB9BF886FB196429" box="[1127,1270,1847,1871]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFB9BF886FB196429" box="[1127,1270,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this pattern is strongly reduced, with only the dark apex, the two transverse maculations on the tegmen, and the smoky posterior corner of the hind wings remaining (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71804A17FFDD0F8CFFD9A64F1" box="[556,629,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Hestiasulini. 1. Male of Hestiasula brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 2. Female of H. brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 3. Male of Astyliasula phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 4. Female of A. phyllopus from Brunei (CS). 5. Male of A. sarawaca from Brunei (SMNK). 6. Female of A. sarawaca from Kalimantan (RMNH). 7. Pseudohestiasula borneana, holotype (SMNK). 8. Male of Catestiasula moultoni from Sarawak (CS) (scale bar: 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829533/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71804A17FFD7CF8CFFD7064F1" box="[640,671,1918,1943]" captionStart="FIGURES 53 – 57" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1839,1862]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,375,1818]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 53 – 57. Life aspect of Bornean Astyliasula. 53. Male of A. sarawaca, Kubah NP, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Fu- Sheng Huang. 54. Female of A. phyllopus in dorsal view, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 55. Captive raised female of A. phyllopus in cryptic resting position; Photo © Daniel Döpfner. 56. A. phyllopus, displaying female, Mulu NP, Borneo, Sarawak, Malaysia; Photo © Paul Bertner. 57. A. phyllopus, displaying male, Mt. Trus Madi, Borneo, Sabah, Malaysia; Photo © Evgeny Shcherbakov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829553/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">53</figureCitation>
|
||
). Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFCB0F8CEFC3864F1" box="[844,983,1919,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFCB0F8CEFC3864F1" box="[844,983,1919,1943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFB5AF8CEFADD64F1" box="[1190,1330,1918,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFB5AF8CEFADD64F1" box="[1190,1330,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males by a slightly shorter apical process, significantly smaller body length (22.0–23.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFB8CF815FB1064DD" box="[1136,1279,1956,1979]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFB8CF815FB1064DD" box="[1136,1279,1956,1979]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males versus
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71804A17FFF6BF877FED564B9" box="[151,314,1990,2015]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.785" metricValueMax="2.92" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="27.85" valueMax="29.2" valueMin="26.5">26.5–29.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFEA2F876FE0564B9" box="[350,490,1990,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFEA2F876FE0564B9" box="[350,490,1990,2015]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males), and shorter tegmina (20.0–23.0 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11804A17FFBFDF876FB6264B9" box="[1025,1165,1991,2015]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201804A17FFBFDF876FB6264B9" box="[1025,1165,1991,2015]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="258">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males versus
|
||
<quantity id="4C8D9DD71804A160FAD0F877FF2C63C9" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="259" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.77" metricValueMax="2.8899999999999997" metricValueMin="2.65" pageId="15" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="27.7" valueMax="28.9" valueMin="26.5">26.5–28.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FF12FF29FE9063D6" box="[238,383,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FF12FF29FE9063D6" box="[238,383,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males). As for the females, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FD09FF29FC6A63D6" box="[757,901,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FD09FF29FC6A63D6" box="[757,901,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tegmina are 3.4–3.8 times as long as the pronotum, while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FE89FF0DFDEE63B3" box="[373,513,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FE89FF0DFDEE63B3" box="[373,513,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
this value attains only 3.1–3.2. Their costal field is differently shaped than that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FF6BFF51FECC639E" box="[151,291,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FF6BFF51FECC639E" box="[151,291,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA3032181BA160FF3BFEB5FCF162CA" blockId="16.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
|
||
Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FECCFEB5FE53627A" box="[304,444,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FECCFEB5FE53627A" box="[304,444,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resemble those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FD73FEB5FD15627A" box="[655,762,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FD73FEB5FD15627A" box="[655,762,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. javana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having black fore coxae and largely hyaline wings with a black apical spot. Both sexes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FDF8FE99FD7E6226" box="[516,657,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FDF8FE99FD7E6226" box="[516,657,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FCE0FE99FC686226" box="[796,903,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="javana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FCE0FE99FC686226" box="[796,903,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. javana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the foreleg pattern, the latter having but one black maculation at the antero-ventral margin.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FD43FEFDFCBF6202" box="[703,848,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FD43FEFDFCBF6202" box="[703,848,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from continental species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FF6BFEDEFEFC62EE" box="[151,275,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FF6BFEDEFEFC62EE" box="[151,275,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Astyliasula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its relatively short and narrow apical process, and a more elongate distal process with smooth, gently curved posterior edge (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB7181BA160FDFDFE25FD9162CB" box="[513,638,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 32" captionStartId="16.[151,264,1780,1803]" captionTargetBox="[240,1366,494,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[195,1392,481,1759]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 32. Genitalia of A. sarawaca. 26. Genitalia of Trus Madi male in ventral view. 27 – 28. Ventral processes of two Brunei males. 29 – 30. Phalloid apophysises of two Brunei males. 31. Right phallomere in antero-sinistral view. 32. Left phallomere in dorsal view. Arrow indicates fold in dorsal lamina (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829541/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Figs 26–28</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB7181BA160FD42FE25FCFE62CA" box="[702,785,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 50" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 50. Genitalia of various Hestiasulini. 43. A. phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 44. A. basinigra from Myanmar (SMNK). 45. C. nitida from Myanmar (SMNK). 46. C. nitida from Sumatra (SMNK). 47. C. sp. from Kerala (SMNK). 48. Ephestiasula amoena from Nepal (ES). 49. E. pictipes from India (CS). 50. H. gyldenstolpei from Thailand (ES) (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829549/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A60BA181BA160FF6BF945FC0B642E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829541/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" targetBox="[240,1366,494,1751]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA3032181BA160FF6BF945FC0B642E" blockId="16.[151,1436,1780,1864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FF6BF945FEBC646C" bold="true" box="[151,339,1780,1803]" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">FIGURES 26–32.</emphasis>
|
||
Genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181BA160FE25F947FDB6646D" box="[473,601,1782,1803]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="16" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181BA160FE25F947FDB6646D" box="[473,601,1782,1803]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="259">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 26. Genitalia of Trus Madi male in ventral view. 27–28. Ventral processes of two Brunei males. 29–30. Phalloid apophysises of two Brunei males. 31. Right phallomere in antero-sinistral view. 32. Left phallomere in dorsal view. Arrow indicates fold in dorsal lamina (scale bar: 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0A60BA181AA161FF6BF82BFAA264B6" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA3032181AA161FF6BF82BFAA264B6" blockId="17.[151,1435,1946,2000]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181AA161FF6BF82BFEBB64D6" bold="true" box="[151,340,1946,1969]" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">FIGURES 33–36.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB1181AA161FE25F82DFDB864D7" box="[473,599,1948,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="17" pageNumber="260" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC20181AA161FE25F82DFDB864D7" box="[473,599,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="260">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36F63B91819A162FF3BFF26FCC166A6" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFF26FD6562CA" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FF3BFF26FED463D6" bold="true" box="[199,315,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was described after a female from Sarawak (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FC26FF26FBB363D6" box="[986,1116,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 33 – 36" captionStartId="17.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,193,1925]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURES 33 – 36. Holotype of A. sarawaca; Photos Katherine Child © OUMNH. 33. Dorsal view and labels. 34. Ventral view (scale bar: 10 mm). 35. Pronotum in dorsal view (scale bar: 1 mm). 36. Right femur in anterior view (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829543/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Figs 33–36</figureCitation>
|
||
) deposited in the OUMNH. All females from Borneo resembling the type figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FCBBFF0DFAB463B2" author="Westwood" box="[839,1371,188,213]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1889) Revisio insectorum familiae mantidarum, speciebus novis aut minus cognitis descriptis et delineates. Gurney & Jackson, London, 54 + III pp., 14 pl." type="book" year="1889" yearSuffix="p">Westwood (1889, p. 22 & 44, pl. 11, fig. 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have subsequently been assigned to this taxon: Brunner de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FD07FF6EFC57639E" author="Wattenwyl" box="[763,952,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Brunner de Wattenwyl, K. (1893) Revision du systeme des Orthopteres et description des especes rapportees par M. Leonardo Fea de Birmanie. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, Serie 2 a, 13 (33), 1 - 230." type="journal article" year="1893">Wattenwyl 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 73 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FBEDFF50FB35639E" box="[1041,1242,225,248]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FBEDFF50FB35639E" box="[1041,1242,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Hestias sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FB08FF6EFA77639E" author="Shelford" box="[1268,1432,223,248]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Shelford, R. W. C. (1903) Bionomical notes on some Bornean Mantidae. Zoologist, 7 (4), 293 - 304." type="journal article" year="1903">Shelford 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 296, 302, fig. 2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FEADFEB5FE1A627A" author="Chopard" box="[337,501,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Chopard, L. (1938) La Biologie des Orthopteres. Paul Lechevalier, Paris, 541 pp., 4 pls." type="book" year="1938">Chopard 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 366, 419–420 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FD35FEB5FC5A627B" box="[713,949,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaka">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FD35FEB5FC5A627B" box="[713,949,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Hestiasula sarawaka</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
);
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FC31FEB5FBB9627A" author="Kirby" box="[973,1110,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Kirby, W. F. (1904) A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. I. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria, et Gressoria. British Museum (Natural History), London, X + 501 pp." type="book" year="1904">Kirby, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 288;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FB66FEB4FAC0627B" author="Werner" box="[1178,1327,260,285]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Werner, F. (1916) Zur Kenntnis afrikanischer und indischer Mantodeen. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-koniglichen zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 66, 254 - 296." type="journal article" year="1916">Werner 1916</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 280–281 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FF43FE96FE2B6226" box="[191,452,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Pachymantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FF43FE96FE2B6226" box="[191,452,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Pachymantis sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It was
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FDDBFE96FCA96226" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[551,838,295,320]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1917) Note al catalogo dei mantidi di Kirby. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 48, 139 - 163." type="journal article" year="1917" yearSuffix="p">Giglio-Tos (1917, p. 158)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who first established the synonymy between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FAB4FE98FEEB6202" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FAB4FE98FEEB6202" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Hestias sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FEBCFEFCFDEB6203" box="[320,516,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FEBCFEFCFDEB6203" box="[320,516,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Mantis phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and later (1927, p. 544) assigned the species to Saussure’s genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FAF8FEFDFA936203" box="[1284,1404,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FAF8FEFDFA936203" box="[1284,1404,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Hestiasula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in concordance with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FE99FEDEFDF462EE" author="Shelford" box="[357,539,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Shelford, R. W. C. (1903) Bionomical notes on some Bornean Mantidae. Zoologist, 7 (4), 293 - 304." type="journal article" year="1903">Shelford (1903)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. This arrangement has been largely followed since (e. g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FB67FEDEFAAC62EE" author="Ehrmann" box="[1179,1347,367,392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Ehrmann, R. (2002) Mantodea - Gottesanbeterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier-Verlag, Munster, 519 pp." type="book" year="2002">Ehrmann 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FAB3FEC1FEA662CB" author="Otte" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Otte, D. & Spearman, L. (2005) Mantida Species File. Catalog of the Mantids of the World. Publication Number 1. Association of the Insect Diversity, Philadelphia, 489 pp." type="book" year="2005">Otte & Spearman 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FEA8FE25FD9162CA" author="Schwarz" box="[340,638,404,429]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Schwarz, C. J. & Konopik, O. (2014) An annotated checklist of the praying mantises (Mantodea) of Borneo, including the results of the 2008 scientific expedition to Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary, Sarawak. Zootaxa, 3797 (1), 130 - 168. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3797.1.12" type="journal article" year="2014">Schwarz & Konopik 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFE09FC8E61E3" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
However, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8E901819A162FE9FFE09FE7C62B6" box="[355,403,440,464]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FE44FE08FDA862B6" box="[440,583,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FE44FE08FDA862B6" box="[440,583,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an additional female in the RMNH collection originally identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FA7DFE08FEEB6293" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FA7DFE08FEEB6293" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">H. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FEEFFE6DFEB36293" box="[275,348,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 8" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[323,1273,195,1896]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 8. Dorsal habitus of Hestiasulini. 1. Male of Hestiasula brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 2. Female of H. brunneriana (Sri Lanka) (CS). 3. Male of Astyliasula phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 4. Female of A. phyllopus from Brunei (CS). 5. Male of A. sarawaca from Brunei (SMNK). 6. Female of A. sarawaca from Kalimantan (RMNH). 7. Pseudohestiasula borneana, holotype (SMNK). 8. Male of Catestiasula moultoni from Sarawak (CS) (scale bar: 10 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829533/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FE94FE6DFE6A6293" box="[360,389,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">16</figureCitation>
|
||
) exhibit different proportions than typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FC98FE6DFC3E6293" box="[868,977,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FC98FE6DFC3E6293" box="[868,977,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females. The pronotal ratio of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FAD3FE6CFA736292" box="[1327,1436,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FAD3FE6CFA736292" box="[1327,1436,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females corresponds to values seen in the males described above, as is the case with the pattern on the fore femora and the proportionally shorter walking legs. Even though the first two characters are also exhibited by occasional
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FF6BFDF6FEEB6106" box="[151,260,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FF6BFDF6FEEB6106" box="[151,260,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, the latter are well distinguishable from the males assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FB9FFDF8FB3F6106" box="[1123,1232,585,608]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FB9FFDF8FB3F6106" box="[1123,1232,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by their different tegminal pattern and the other characters listed in the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFD3EFF0960E6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
The brownish fore coxae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FDEFFD20FD6F61CE" box="[531,640,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FDEFFD20FD6F61CE" box="[531,640,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females contrast with the blackish color of males, and also with the situation in related species, where the color of the coxae does not differ between the sexes. However, the coloration of the fore coxae is not a reliable character speaking against conspecificity of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FBE2FD68FB646196" box="[1054,1163,729,752]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FBE2FD68FB646196" box="[1054,1163,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CE8E901819A162FB6EFD66FB1B6196" box="[1170,1268,727,752]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the males described above, since there are also dark specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FCE4FD4DFC4A6073" box="[792,933,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FCE4FD4DFC4A6073" box="[792,933,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FBCAFD4DFB946072" box="[1078,1147,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). In such individuals, the usually reddish coxae may be darkened to an extent almost indistinguishable from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FB6EFC90FB10605E" box="[1170,1279,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FB6EFC90FB10605E" box="[1170,1279,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the other hand, the base of the coxae in the Santubong
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FD58FCF4FCFE603A" box="[676,785,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FD58FCF4FCFE603A" box="[676,785,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimen is lighter than the apex and of a dark reddishbrown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFC3DFBE2678E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
Interestingly, the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FDE7FC3DFD6760C3" box="[539,648,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FDE7FC3DFD6760C3" box="[539,648,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FD38FC3CFCDE60C2" box="[708,817,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FD38FC3CFCDE60C2" box="[708,817,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are almost identical, which contrasts with the clearly divergent external morphology of the males. This does nor argue against two species being valid, since hymenopodid genitalia are remarkably similar in closely related species, contrary to the inter-generic differences elaborated upon above. For example, the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FCFAFC46FC156776" box="[774,1018,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Ephestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoena">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FCFAFC46FC156776" box="[774,1018,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Ephestiasula amoena</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FBF1FC46FB8E6776" box="[1037,1121,1015,1040]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 50" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 50. Genitalia of various Hestiasulini. 43. A. phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 44. A. basinigra from Myanmar (SMNK). 45. C. nitida from Myanmar (SMNK). 46. C. nitida from Sumatra (SMNK). 47. C. sp. from Kerala (SMNK). 48. Ephestiasula amoena from Nepal (ES). 49. E. pictipes from India (CS). 50. H. gyldenstolpei from Thailand (ES) (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829549/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
|
||
) are hardly distinguishable from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FEC8FBACFE446752" box="[308,427,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pictipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FEC8FBACFE446752" box="[308,427,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">E. pictipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FE46FBADFDE26752" box="[442,525,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 50" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 50. Genitalia of various Hestiasulini. 43. A. phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 44. A. basinigra from Myanmar (SMNK). 45. C. nitida from Myanmar (SMNK). 46. C. nitida from Sumatra (SMNK). 47. C. sp. from Kerala (SMNK). 48. Ephestiasula amoena from Nepal (ES). 49. E. pictipes from India (CS). 50. H. gyldenstolpei from Thailand (ES) (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829549/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Fig. 49</figureCitation>
|
||
), or from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FD22FBADFC066753" box="[734,1001,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestiasula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brunneriana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FD22FBADFC066753" box="[734,1001,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Hestiasula brunneriana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FC0BFBADFBA66752" box="[1015,1097,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 22" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,199,1063]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1428,173,1083]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 22. Subgenital plate and genitalia of 21. H. brunneriana from India (ES) and 22. C. moultoni from Sabah (ES). Arrows indicate weakly sclerotized membrane at base of sclerotized left margin of ventral phallomere (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829537/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) for that matter. Likewise, the genitalia of all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FEB5FB8EFE3A673E" box="[329,469,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Catestiasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FEB5FB8EFE3A673E" box="[329,469,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Catestiasula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens studied so far (e. g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FCB6FB8EFC4D673E" box="[842,930,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 22" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1104,1127]" captionTargetBox="[180,1396,199,1063]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[159,1428,173,1083]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 22. Subgenital plate and genitalia of 21. H. brunneriana from India (ES) and 22. C. moultoni from Sabah (ES). Arrows indicate weakly sclerotized membrane at base of sclerotized left margin of ventral phallomere (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829537/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FC4DFB8EFC17673E" box="[945,1016,1087,1112]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 50" captionStartId="22.[151,264,1570,1593]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1436,467,1550]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 50. Genitalia of various Hestiasulini. 43. A. phyllopus from Sabah (CS). 44. A. basinigra from Myanmar (SMNK). 45. C. nitida from Myanmar (SMNK). 46. C. nitida from Sumatra (SMNK). 47. C. sp. from Kerala (SMNK). 48. Ephestiasula amoena from Nepal (ES). 49. E. pictipes from India (CS). 50. H. gyldenstolpei from Thailand (ES) (scale bar: 1 mm)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829549/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">45–47</figureCitation>
|
||
) have not yet provided truly unique species-specific characters, unlike the pattern of the foreleg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134E2CB71819A162FCC7FBD5FC51671A" box="[827,958,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1281,1304]" captionTargetBox="[206,1384,223,1244]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[182,1404,195,1257]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 20. Fore legs of Hestiasulini treated in this paper, anterior view. 9. A. phyllopus, male from the Malay Peninsula (ES). 10. A. phyllopus, male from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 11. A. phyllopus, female from Brunei (CS). 12. A. sarawaca, male from Brunei (CS). 13. P. borneana, holotype (SMNK). 14. H. brunneriana, male from Sri Lanka (CS). 15. H. brunneriana, female from Sri Lanka (CS). 16. A. sarawaca, female from Kalimantan; Photo C. J. Schwarz © RMNH (RMNH). 17. C. moultoni, male from Sarawak (CS). 18. C. moultoni, female from Brunei, mirrored (CS). 19. C. nitida, male from Myanmar (SMNK). 20. C. nitida, male from Sumatra (SMNK) (not to scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/829535/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Figs 17–20</figureCitation>
|
||
). A lack of reliable species-specific genital characters contrasting with well-differenciated external morphology is also observed in other hymenopodid genera like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FF3BFB1DFDFB67A3" authority="Stal, 1856 (Roy 1996)" authorityName="Stal, 1856 (Roy" authorityYear="1996" box="[199,532,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Sibyllidae" genus="Sibylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FF3BFB1DFEFA67A3" box="[199,277,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Sibylla</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FEE7FB1DFE6367A3" author="Stal" box="[283,396,1196,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Stal, C. (1856) Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar, 13, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1856">Stål, 1856</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FE66FB1DFDE367A3" author="Roy" box="[410,524,1196,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Roy, R. (1996) Revision des Sibyllinae (Mantodea). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 4 e Serie, 18 A (1 - 2), 69 - 138." type="journal article" year="1996">Roy 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FDE3FB1DFB7567A2" authority="Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Svenson & Vollmer 2014)" authorityName="Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Svenson & Vollmer" authorityYear="2014" box="[543,1178,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Majangella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FDE3FB1DFD4F67A3" box="[543,672,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Majangella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FD5AFB1DFC8A67A3" author="Giglio-Tos" box="[678,869,1196,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Giglio-Tos, E. (1915) Mantidi esotici. Generi e specie nuove. Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 46, 31 - 108." type="journal article" year="1915">Giglio-Tos, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FC8FFB1DFB7D67A2" author="Svenson" box="[883,1170,1196,1221]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Svenson, G. J. & Vollmer, W. (2014) A case of the higher-level classification of praying mantises (Mantodea) obscuring the synonymy of Majangella Giglio-Tos, 1915 (Liturgusidae, Liturgusinae) and Ephippiomantis Werner, 1922 (Hymenopodidae, Acromantinae). Zootaxa, 3797 (1), 103 - 119." type="journal article" year="2014">Svenson & Vollmer 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FB58FB1DFA7767A2" authority="Stal, 1877" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1877" box="[1188,1432,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Anaxarcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FB58FB1DFAF167A3" box="[1188,1310,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Anaxarcha</emphasis>
|
||
Stål, 1877
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FF6BFB61FE25678E" authority="Saussure, 1870" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,458,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FF6BFB61FEF86781" box="[151,279,1232,1255]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Acromantis</emphasis>
|
||
Saussure, 1870
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FDF9FB7EFC67678E" authority="Audinet-Serville, 1838" authorityName="Audinet-Serville" authorityYear="1838" box="[517,904,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Creobroter" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FDF9FB7EFD6E678E" box="[517,641,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Creobroter</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE44DC31819A162FD74FB7EFC67678E" author="Audinet-Serville" box="[648,904,1231,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" refString="Audinet-Serville, J. - G. (1838) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Orthopteres. Librairie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, XVIII + 782 pp., 14 pl." type="book" year="1838">Audinet-Serville, 1838</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(pers. obs).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFB45FDE9661E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
Finally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FEDEFB44FE60666A" box="[290,399,1269,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FEDEFB44FE60666A" box="[290,399,1269,1292]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males are not too rare in Bornean material, and largely sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FB51FB45FAF5666B" box="[1197,1306,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FB51FB45FAF5666B" box="[1197,1306,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
throughout most of northern Borneo and in parts of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B1FED01819A162FD87FAA9FD336656" box="[635,732,1304,1328]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Their coexistence thus points to the existence of two welldifferenciated species. Currently, we are not aware of Bornean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FCA1FA8DFC366633" box="[861,985,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Astyliasula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="269" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FCA1FA8DFC366633" box="[861,985,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">Astyliasula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males which do not fit the diagnoses of the two species described above.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BCA30321819A162FF3BFA35FCC166A6" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1472]" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">
|
||
On Trus Madi all specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FDC7FA35FD2466FA" box="[571,715,1412,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Hestias" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sarawaca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FDC7FA35FD2466FA" box="[571,715,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">A. sarawaca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were encountered near the light traps only during 30 minutes before sunrise, unlike
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C754BB11819A162FE6CFA19FDF366A6" box="[400,540,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Mantidae" genus="Mantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mantodea" pageId="18" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="phyllopus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B901EC201819A162FE6CFA19FDF366A6" box="[400,540,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="261">A. phyllopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which fly much earlier.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |