175 lines
20 KiB
XML
175 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="D3DBAE03089E6D6C14BE1A314C0B15DB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.195758" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9daa0803-0200-421f-b960-0a7e4e16ea3c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="195758" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460233178057" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hansson, Christer & Salle, John La" docDate="2010" docId="03A15D053729F4782DD1F997FDFCFC04" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02498p027.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2498" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Klyngon Hansson" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="FF98257D372AF47C2D46FFFFFFC8FFF6" masterDocTitle="The Neotropical genus Klyngon Hansson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with new species and biological information" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698239158447" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="16C6AACD9C919528FE3B0573E0660901">The Neotropical genus Klyngon Hansson (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), with new species and biological information</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24BF2155073A0C0B63A45A7ACE6E29BF">Salle, John La</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="F2866A0AD2DFE35E1861E228DD4CBEB3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1BA30317AE1834F9786D26854860D998">2010</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03A15D053729F4782DD1F997FDFCFC04" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6211455" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119387593" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6211455" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03A15D053729F4782DD1F997FDFCFC04" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A15D053729F4782DD1F997FDFCFC04" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="C312BF983729F47F2DD1F997FEB8F974" box="[151,368,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BB7EC133729F47F2DD1F997FEB8F974" blockId="3.[151,368,1640,1666]" box="[151,368,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="D0FF5B7F3729F47F2DD1F997FEB8F974" bold="true" box="[151,368,1640,1666]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0897903729F47F2DD1F997FEB8F974" ID-CoL="58JY" authority="Hansson" authorityName="Hansson" box="[151,368,1640,1666]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2DD1F997FEB8F974" bold="true" box="[151,368,1640,1666]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2DD1F997FF36F974" bold="true" box="[151,254,1640,1666]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Klyngon</emphasis>
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Hansson
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C312BF983729F47F2DD1F951FED8F911" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BB7EC133729F47F2DD1F951FED8F911" blockId="3.[151,1436,1709,1767]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB18CB3D3729F47F2DD1F951FED8F911" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C0897903729F47F2DD1F951FE06F932" ID-CoL="58JY" authority="Hansson, 2005: 131" authorityName="Hansson" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,462,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2DD1F951FF3AF933" box="[151,242,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Klyngon</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA9CA023729F47F2DBEF952FE06F932" author="Hansson" box="[248,462,1709,1732]" page="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9991E23729F47F2DBEF952FE51F932" author="Hansson" box="[248,409,1709,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Hansson, C. (2005) Klyngon, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with two new species from Costa Rica. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 69, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">Hansson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 131
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="54B352B13729F47F2C9EF952FDC5F932" box="[472,525,1709,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C0897903729F47F2F21F951FC35F932" ID-CoL="6NKHL" authority="Hansson, 2005: 132" authorityName="Hansson" authorityPageNumber="132" authorityYear="2005" box="[615,1021,1709,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jimenezi">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2F21F951FCE9F933" box="[615,801,1710,1733]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Klyngon jimenezi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AA9CA023729F47F2E61F952FC35F932" author="Hansson" box="[807,1021,1709,1732]" page="132" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="2005">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9991E23729F47F2E61F952FC01F932" author="Hansson" box="[807,969,1709,1732]" pageId="3" pageNumber="27" refString="Hansson, C. (2005) Klyngon, gen. nov. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) with two new species from Costa Rica. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 69, 131 - 136." type="journal article" year="2005">Hansson, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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: 132
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation. The gender is neuter.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C312BF983729F4782DD1F8EAFDFCFC04" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BB7EC133729F4782DD1F8EAFAD2FEA9" blockId="3.[151,1437,1813,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1010]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2DD1F8EAFEDDF8D9" bold="true" box="[151,277,1813,1839]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Clypeus delimited laterally by more or less distinct smooth lines (i.e. not grooves) and with tentorial pits at the upper end of these lines (
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<figureCitation id="1333F0963729F47F2FF4F8C7FCC4F8A4" box="[690,780,1848,1874]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 50. 48" captionStartId="15.[151,273,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,186,970]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[173,1417,186,971]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 50. 48. Klyngon jimenezi Hansson, female, thoracic dorsum. 49. K. serjaniae sp. nov., female, body lateral. 50. K. guimaraesi sp. nov., female, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195769/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 50</figureCitation>
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), clypeus not delimited dorsally (contrary to what was stated in the original description); pronotum strongly reduced and not visible in dorsal view. Species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C0897903729F47F2DD1F881FF33F861" box="[151,251,1918,1943]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C30013729F47F2DD1F881FF33F861" box="[151,251,1918,1943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Klyngon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have a stocky and compact build and because the pronotum is very small the head fits smoothly to the mesosoma. The occipital margin is curved to follow the curvature of the mesoscutum and the occiput is concave to fit the anterior part of the mesoscutum, which makes the head and mesosoma appear as one more or less close-fit unit. The head and mesosoma, and sometimes also the gaster, are strongly sclerotized with a strong reticulate sculpture. Several species have the scutellum extended backwards, in some species it is so strongly extended that it covers the anterior part of the gaster (e.g.
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<figureCitation id="1333F096372EF4782EFEFF22FBCAFF01" box="[952,1026,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1891,1915]" captionTargetBox="[167,1419,421,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,380,1869]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Klyngon costalimai sp. nov., female paratype, length 1.9 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195759/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1333F096372EF4782954FF22FBFBFF01" box="[1042,1075,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 40 – 43" captionStartId="12.[151,270,1937,1961]" captionTargetBox="[178,1420,333,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[178,1421,333,1914]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 40 – 43. Thoracic dorsum. 40. Klyngon costalimai sp. nov., female. 41. K. gibberum sp. nov., female. 42. K. hortense sp. nov., male. 43. K. pegosoma sp. nov., female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195767/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">40</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1333F096372EF4782979FF22FBA9FF01" box="[1087,1121,221,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 48 – 50. 48" captionStartId="15.[151,273,992,1016]" captionTargetBox="[173,1417,186,970]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[173,1417,186,971]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURES 48 – 50. 48. Klyngon jimenezi Hansson, female, thoracic dorsum. 49. K. serjaniae sp. nov., female, body lateral. 50. K. guimaraesi sp. nov., female, clypeus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/195769/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">49</figureCitation>
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). Frontal suture present or absent. The number of setae on the scutellum varies from a single pair to 5 pairs, to 12 scattered setae. On the midlobe of mesoscutum number of setae varies from 1 to 4 pairs, or with 10 to 16 scattered setae. Number of setae on the submarginal vein varies from one to seven. The petiole is always short and transverse.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB7EC13372EF4782D80FE98FC3EFDA4" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782D80FE98FEA7FE77" bold="true" box="[198,367,359,385]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Identification</emphasis>
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. The variation in several key characters makes both the placement and the identification of
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782DD1FE75FF33FE55" box="[151,251,394,419]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782DD1FE75FF33FE55" box="[151,251,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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difficult. The presence of a single pair of setae on the scutellum, two setae on the submarginal vein, and a distinct frontal suture which is well separated from the anterior ocellus are characters that have been used on many occasions as diagnostic characters for
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782E49FE2FFC6FFE1C" box="[783,935,464,490]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
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. Additionally most
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF47829D5FE2FFAEFFE1C" box="[1171,1319,464,490]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
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have two pairs of setae on the midlobe of mesoscutum. All of these characters are variable in
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782931FE0DFB12FDFD" box="[1143,1242,498,523]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782931FE0DFB12FDFD" box="[1143,1242,498,523]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which makes it difficult to identify this genus in existing keys to North American genera of
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF478295DFDEAFA53FDD9" authority="Schauff et al. 1997" authorityName="Schauff et al." authorityYear="1997" box="[1051,1435,533,559]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Eulophidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9991E2372EF47829F6FDEAFA5CFDD9" author="Schauff" box="[1200,1428,533,559]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Schauff, M. E., La Salle, J. & Coote, L. D. (1997) Eulophidae. Pp 327 - 429, in Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T. & Woolley, J. B. (eds.), Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council Research Press. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 794 pp." type="book chapter" year="1997">
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Schauff
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782852FDEAFA80FDD8" box="[1300,1352,533,558]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 1997
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</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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or Neotropical subfamilies and tribes of
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782F36FDC7FC39FDA4" authority="LaSalle et al. 2006" authorityName="LaSalle et al." authorityYear="2006" box="[624,1009,568,594]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Eulophidae (LaSalle
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782E2EFDC7FC53FDA7" box="[872,923,568,593]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
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. 2006)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BB7EC13372EF4782D82FDA5FDFCFC04" blockId="4.[151,1437,152,1010]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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For instance in the key to eulophid genera provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="EF9991E2372EF4782E15FDA5FB80FD82" box="[851,1096,602,628]" pageId="4" pageNumber="27" refString="Schauff, M. E., La Salle, J. & Coote, L. D. (1997) Eulophidae. Pp 327 - 429, in Gibson, G. A. P., Huber, J. T. & Woolley, J. B. (eds.), Annotated Keys to the Genera of Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). National Research Council Research Press. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 794 pp." type="book chapter">
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Schauff
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782EF0FDA5FC22FD85" box="[950,1002,602,627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
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. (1997)
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</bibRefCitation>
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one immediately encounters problems with most species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782F59FD82FD40FD60" box="[543,648,637,662]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782F59FD82FD40FD60" box="[543,648,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because the combination of number of setae on scutellum and submarginal vein does not fit in any of the two alternatives in the first couplet. If one starts with couplet
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<quantity id="4CF041F6372EF4782815FD5FFA54FD4C" box="[1363,1436,672,698]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6924" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="106.0">106 in</quantity>
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the same key, where the identification of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782FF4FD3DFC8EFD2A" box="[690,838,706,732]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
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starts, difficulties for the same reasons continues. Some species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782C2AFD1AFE1DFD08" box="[364,469,741,766]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782C2AFD1AFE1DFD08" box="[364,469,741,766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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would run to couplet 107, where two genera from the tribe Euderomphalini,
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782DD1FCF7FEFAFCD7" box="[151,306,776,801]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aleuroctonus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782DD1FCF7FEFAFCD7" box="[151,306,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Aleuroctonus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782C2CFCF7FD90FCD7" box="[362,600,776,801]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Entedononecremnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782C2CFCF7FD90FCD7" box="[362,600,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Entedononecremnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, key out. All species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782E34FCF7FC1DFCD7" box="[882,981,776,801]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782E34FCF7FC1DFCD7" box="[882,981,776,801]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from these two genera in having the larger part of the axillae situated behind the level of anterior margin of the scutellum. The same difficulties are encountered if one attempts to identify
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782FC8FCB2FD3AFC90" box="[654,754,845,870]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782FC8FCB2FD3AFC90" box="[654,754,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to subfamily in LaSalle
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782955FCB2FB8DFC90" box="[1043,1093,845,870]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2006). A better option is to use the online multiple entry key to the Neotropical genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782951FC8FFB0BFC7C" box="[1047,1219,880,906]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Entedoninae">Entedoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the website www.neotropicaleulophidae.com. This key is under construction and not all genera are yet included, but it works well for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C089790372EF4782C09FC4AFE7CFC38" box="[335,436,949,974]" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Klyngon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B97C3001372EF4782C09FC4AFE7CFC38" box="[335,436,949,974]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Klyngon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as this genus is included and also because this
|
||
<typeStatus id="54B352B1372EF4782EB7FC4AFBECFC39" box="[1009,1060,949,975]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of key is very good for groups with a large variation in characters.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |