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<mods:title id="9FE4FF5F767B23D00EF2E62B98C3E82C">Synopsis of the Snakes of the Philippines A Synthesis of Data from Biodiversity Repositories, Field Studies, and the Literature</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCFB3DFD90FB13" bold="true" box="[123,595,1169,1193]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCFB3DFF2CFB13" bold="true" box="[123,239,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Hydrophis</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF59FB3DFE9BFB13" bold="true" box="[254,344,1169,1193]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Chitulia</emphasis>
]
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FECEFB3DFE7EFB12" bold="true" box="[361,445,1169,1192]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">ornatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FE6BFB3DFD8EFB13" author="GRAY, JOHN" box="[460,589,1169,1193]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref64321" refString="GRAY, JOHN EDWARD. 1842. Synopsis of the species of rattle snakes, or family of Crotalidae. The Zoological Miscellany (2): 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1842">Gray, 1842</bibRefCitation>
)
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FFDCFB1DFD04FB73" blockId="65.[123,711,1169,1225]" box="[123,711,1201,1225]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Ornate Sea Snake; Reef Sea Snake; Spotted Sea Snake</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C98434FF87FF7CFB72FE3EFB4E" ID-CoL="JNG4" authority="Gray, 1842 b: 61" authorityName="Gray" authorityPageNumber="61" authorityYear="1842" box="[219,509,1246,1268]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Aturia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF7CFB72FE9CFB4E" box="[219,351,1246,1268]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Aturia ornata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FEC2FB72FE16FB4E" author="GRAY, JOHN" box="[357,469,1246,1268]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" pagination="47 - 51" refId="ref64321" refString="GRAY, JOHN EDWARD. 1842. Synopsis of the species of rattle snakes, or family of Crotalidae. The Zoological Miscellany (2): 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1842">Gray, 1842</bibRefCitation>
b:61
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.
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<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FF7CFB52FBA4FA8B" blockId="65.[219,1174,1246,1393]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0A1D648434FF87FF7CFB52FBA4FA8B" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B8434FF87FF7CFB52FDF5FAAE" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[219,566,1278,1300]" page="81" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" year="1926">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C98434FF87FF7CFB52FDF5FAAE" ID-CoL="3N8B8" authority=", Smith, 1926: 81" authorityName=", Smith" authorityPageNumber="81" authorityYear="1926" box="[219,566,1278,1300]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornatus">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF7CFB52FE53FAAE" box="[219,400,1278,1300]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Hydrophis ornatus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FE39FB52FDF5FAAE" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[414,566,1278,1300]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref74429" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1926. Monograph of the Sea-Snakes (Hydrophiidae). Trustees of the British Museum, London, England, UK. xvii + (3) + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith, 1926:81</bibRefCitation>
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.— David and Ineich, 1999:116.— Whitaker and Captain, 2004:394, photo (p. 395).—
<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B8434FF87FDF7FAB0FC76FA88" author="LEVITON, ALAN &amp; M. BROWN &amp; AND CAMERON &amp; D. SILER" box="[592,949,1308,1330]" page="508" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FDF7FAB0FC76FA88" author="LEVITON, ALAN &amp; M. BROWN &amp; AND CAMERON &amp; D. SILER" box="[592,949,1308,1330]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref67937" refString="LEVITON, ALAN E., RAFE M. BROWN, AND CAMERON D. SILER. 2014. The dangerously venomous snakes of the Philippine Archipelago. Pages 473 - 530 in G. C. Williams and T. M. Gosliner, eds., The Coral Triangle: The 2011 Hearst Biodiversity Philippine Expedition. California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA." type="book" year="2014">Leviton, Brown, and Siler, 2014:508</bibRefCitation>
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,
<figureCitation id="132126CF8434FF87FC18FAB0FBD9FA8B" box="[959,1050,1308,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE" captionStartId="154.[687,699,1044,1063]" captionTargetBox="[651,1176,259,613]" captionTargetId="figure-19@154.[652,1176,259,616]" captionTargetPageId="154" captionText="FIGURE 24. Calamaria gervaisii gervaisii (Ilocos Norte Prov., Luzon Id.) ([KU 329684). Photo © RMB." pageId="65" pageNumber="464">figs. 24B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132126CF8434FF87FB83FAB0FBA7FA8B" box="[1060,1124,1308,1329]" captionStart-0="FIGURE" captionStart-1="FIGURE" captionStartId-0="157.[687,699,1314,1333]" captionStartId-1="157.[687,699,1391,1410]" captionTargetBox-0="[120,644,216,571]" captionTargetBox-1="[648,1175,216,571]" captionTargetId-0="figure-15@157.[120,645,215,572]" captionTargetId-1="figure-128@157.[652,1177,216,572]" captionTargetPageId-0="157" captionTargetPageId-1="157" captionText-0="FIGURE 40. Gonyosoma oxycephalum (Sorsogon Prov., Luzon Id.) (KU uncat.; field no. RMB 22921). Photo © JBF/RMB." captionText-1="FIGURE 41. Gonyosoma oxycephalum (head) (Eastern Samar Prov., Samar Id.) (KU 344269). Photo © JBF/RMB." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11512622" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/11512622/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">4041</figureCitation>
.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ABB1C5B8434FF87FF7CFA97FD4FFAEB" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[219,652,1339,1361]" page="460" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" year="1943">
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C98434FF87FF7CFA97FD4FFAEB" ID-CoL="7GW87" authority=", Smith, 1943: 460" authorityName="Smith" authorityPageNumber="460" authorityYear="1943" box="[219,652,1339,1361]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ornatus" subSpecies="ornatus">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF7CFA97FE1CFAEB" box="[219,479,1339,1361]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Hydrophis ornatus ornatus</emphasis>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FE4BFA97FD4FFAEB" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[492,652,1339,1361]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref74577" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1943. The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma including the Whole of the Indo- Chibnese Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III - Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, England, UK. xii + 583 pp., 166 text-figs., fold-out map." type="book" year="1943">Smith, 1943:460</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FD17FA97FC46FAEA" author="MCCARTHY, COLIN" box="[688,901,1339,1361]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref68848" refString="MCCARTHY, COLIN. 1993 c. Hydrophis Latrielle 1801. Pages 229 - 242 in P. Golay, H. M. Smith, D. G. Broadley, J. R. Dixon, C. McCarthy, J. - C. Rage, B. Schatti, and M. Toriba, eds., Endoglyphs and other Major Venomous Snakes of the World. Azemiops S. A., Aire-Geneva, Switzerland." type="book" year="1993">McCarthy, 1993c:239</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
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<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF7CFAF7FEBFFACB" box="[219,380,1371,1393]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Chitulia oprnata</emphasis>
, Wallach, Williams, and Boundy, 2014:164
</taxonomicName>
.
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.—
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<location id="8EC56C918434FF87FDE1FA28FD1BFA26" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B38B5C8434FF87FFDCFB3DFCFDF904:8EC56C918434FF87FDE1FA28FD1BFA26" box="[582,728,1412,1436]" name="Indian Ocean" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Indian Ocean</location>
.
<typeStatus id="54A184E88434FF87FD46FA28FC8BFA26" box="[737,840,1412,1436]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
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(formerly
<specimenCode id="DBBC92318434FF87FF50FA09FE65FA07" box="[247,422,1445,1469]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">BMNH III.3.1.a</specimenCode>
;
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FE15FA08FE19FA06" box="[434,474,1444,1468]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">fide</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FE46FA08FD56FA06" author="SMITH, MALCOLM" box="[481,661,1444,1468]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref74429" refString="SMITH, MALCOLM A. 1926. Monograph of the Sea-Snakes (Hydrophiidae). Trustees of the British Museum, London, England, UK. xvii + (3) + 130 pp." type="book" year="1926">Smith [1926:83]</bibRefCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30069C18434FF87FFDCFA69FC1EF9E7" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FFDCFA69FD89FA47" blockId="65.[123,1174,1412,1726]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCFA69FE55FA61" bold="true" box="[123,406,1477,1501]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968434FF87FEA5FA64FE55FA61" baselines="1494" box="[258,406,1480,1499]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="distribution" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="132126CF8434FF87FE0BFA69FDD2FA67" box="[428,529,1477,1501]" captionStart="A B C D" captionStartId="128.[178,205,234,267]" captionText="A B C D MAPS 18AD. Geographic range maps for Philippine records of (A) Hydrophis lamberti; (B) Hydrophis ornatus; (C) Hydrophis platurus; (D) Hydrophis semperi." pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Map 18B</figureCitation>
[p. 129]).— Gigantes Sur, Luzon (Prov.:
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A88434FF87FC4AFA68FBF0FA66" box="[1005,1075,1476,1500]" country="Philippines" name="Cavite" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Cavite</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A88434FF87FBE0FA68FB56FA66" box="[1095,1173,1476,1500]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Manila</collectingRegion>
Bay],
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A88434FF87FEBAFA49FE96FA47" box="[285,341,1509,1533]" country="Philippines" name="Rizal" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Rizal</collectingRegion>
[
<collectingRegion id="49DEF4A88434FF87FEC5FA49FE73FA47" box="[354,432,1509,1533]" country="Philippines" name="Manila" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Manila</collectingRegion>
Bay]), Panay.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FFDCF9A9FC1EF9E7" blockId="65.[123,1174,1412,1726]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCF9A9FD65F9A6" bold="true" box="[123,678,1540,1565]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
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(
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<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968434FF87FDBEF9A9FD5EF9A1" baselines="1559,1558" box="[537,669,1541,1565]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Philippines" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<collectingCountry id="F30D7ADA8434FF87FDBEF9A9FD5EF9A1" box="[537,669,1541,1565]" name="Philippines" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">PHILIPPINES</collectingCountry>
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)
</emphasis>
.— Persian [Arabian] Gulf to New Guinea and Australia and north along the coast of China to the Ryukyu Ids. (See also comments by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FF7CF9EAFE40F9E7" author="ZUG, GEORGE" box="[219,387,1605,1630]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" refId="ref80427" refString="ZUG, GEORGE R. 2013. Reptiles and Amphibians of the Pacific Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA. x + 306 pp, 30 text-figs., 35 pls." type="book" year="2013">Zug [2013:230]</bibRefCitation>
relating to reports of occurrence in the Gilbert Islands.)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30069C18434FF87FFDCF9C9FB55F927" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FFDCF9C9FB55F927" blockId="65.[123,1174,1412,1726]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
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<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCF9C9FF25F9C6" bold="true" box="[123,230,1637,1661]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">REMARKS</emphasis>
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.— We have tentatively assigned this species to
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C98434FF87FD44F9C9FC90F9C7" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[739,851,1637,1661]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FD44F9C9FC90F9C7" box="[739,851,1637,1661]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Hydrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
consistent with the treatments of
<taxonomicName id="4C1A41C98434FF87FF50F929FEA4F927" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1801" box="[247,359,1669,1693]" class="Repitilia" family="Elapidae" genus="Hydrophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FF50F929FEA4F927" box="[247,359,1669,1693]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">Hydrophis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and related nominal genera by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FD10F929FC57F927" author="SANDERS, KATE &amp; S. Y &amp; LEE, MUMPUNI &amp; TERRY BERTOZZI, AND" box="[695,916,1669,1693]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" pagination="575 - 591" refId="ref72853" refString="SANDERS, KATE L., MICHAEL S. Y. LEE, MUMPUNI, TERRY BERTOZZI, AND ARNE REDSTED RASMUSSEN. 2013. Multilocus phylogeny and recent rapid radiation of the viviparous sea snakes (Elapidae: Hydrophiinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66: 575 - 591, 4 figs., 1 table, Appendices A and B." type="book chapter" year="2013">Sanders et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B47BB8434FF87FC60F92AFB51F927" author="PYRON, R. &amp; ALEXANDER, FRANK &amp; T. BURBRINK &amp; AND JOHN &amp; J. WIENS" box="[967,1170,1669,1694]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" pagination="26 - 53" refId="ref71760" refString="PYRON, R. ALEXANDER, FRANK T. BURBRINK, AND JOHN J. WIENS. 2013. A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13 (93): 26 - 53." type="journal article" year="2013">Pyron et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30069C18434FF87FFDCF909FCFDF904" box="[123,830,1701,1726]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464" type="conservation">
<paragraph id="8BA53A4A8434FF87FFDCF909FCFDF904" blockId="65.[123,1174,1412,1726]" box="[123,830,1701,1726]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
<emphasis id="B96EE6588434FF87FFDCF909FE0DF907" bold="true" box="[123,462,1701,1725]" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D43AC968434FF87FE82F905FEB3F906" baselines="1719" box="[293,368,1705,1724]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="status" pageId="65" pageNumber="464">STATUS</smallCapsWord>
[IUCN]
</emphasis>
.— Least Concern [2016] ver. 3.1.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>