treatments-xml/data/03/9F/87/039F87A56743FF964D27FB90FA97FB5A.xml

<document id="567F19AB0FE629BC259571D0D3D3B65B" ID-CLB-Dataset="22144" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.309" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4e7bcd4d-1cdb-45cf-b2c3-54da2466f171" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827189" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589468946001" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Herbert, David G." docDate="2017" docId="039F87A56743FF964D27FB90FA97FB5A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-309.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 309" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Kerkophorus piperatus Herbert 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="34727BE3-D632-4478-ADEE-0C816F23244F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="FFA6FFDD6747FF9C4F79FFC5FFA2FFF9" masterDocTitle="A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698839690494" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="59E0D0FEC354973A5388100DCE0A4A72">A new genus and eight new species of tail-wagger snails from eastern South Africa, with a key to genera within Sheldonia s. l. (Gastropoda: Urocyclidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F7EC5F2CC3D37CE623DCDD0D7D9CDF5">Herbert, David G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="5E9CD127C380B1C59B484EFA6E79D890">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0FF4EE532C7652F9AA0C61F35968D0C6">2017</mods:date>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984D27FB90FC74FB89" blockId="4.[372,1216,1109,1206]" box="[606,982,1109,1136]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0C181DF6743FF984D27FB90FC74FB89" box="[606,982,1109,1136]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306743FF984D27FB90FCD1FB89" ID-CoL="3R632" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[606,883,1109,1136]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984D27FB90FCD1FB89" bold="true" box="[606,883,1109,1136]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6743FF984C02FB93FC74FB89" box="[891,982,1110,1136]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<figureCitation id="130D2A366743FF984D9EFB59FCEFFB4F" box="[743,845,1180,1206]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="6.[189,232,1861,1887]" captionStartId-1="7.[189,232,710,736]" captionStartId-2="7.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionStartId-3="8.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionStartId-4="9.[190,233,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox-0="[196,1392,1001,1815]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1398,268,674]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1396,1113,1885]" captionTargetBox-3="[204,1387,1182,1877]" captionTargetBox-4="[298,1292,593,1840]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[189,1399,994,1820]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[189,1399,265,678]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[189,1399,1109,1888]" captionTargetId-3="figure@8.[189,1399,1174,1888]" captionTargetId-4="figure@9.[292,1295,593,1840]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116)." captionText-1="Fig. 3. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., living animals. A. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.0 mm (paratype, NMSA V2279/T4059). B. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 13.3 mm (paratype, NMSA P0229/T4051)." captionText-2="Fig. 4. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner right marginal teeth. D. Outer right marginal teeth. Scale bars = 100 μm." captionText-3="Fig. 5. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–B. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). A. Entire genital tract. B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. C. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906)." captionText-4="Fig. 6. Distribution of Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. (triangles), Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. (squares), and Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov. (cross). The population at Nkandla marked ‘?’ is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling K. piperatus sp. nov., but with genitalia resembling K. vittarubra sp. nov. Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827195" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827197" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827201" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827203" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827205" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3827195/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3827197/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3827201/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3827203/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3827205/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs 2–6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4FB1BFD3BFAE2" blockId="4.[189,1398,1246,1308]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB26119D6743FF984FC4FB1BFD3BFAE2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306743FF984FC4FB1BFE32FB01" ID-CoL="6YM8J" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[189,400,1246,1272]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Sheldonia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inuncta">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984FC4FB1BFE32FB01" box="[189,400,1246,1272]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Sheldonia inuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984EE6FB1AFE69FB01" box="[415,459,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">non</emphasis>
Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1899) – 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9710A26743FF984C5FFB1BFBAFFB00" author="Connolly M." box="[806,1037,1246,1273]" page="145" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1939">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426743FF984C5FFB1BFBAFFB00" author="Connolly M." box="[806,1037,1246,1273]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939: 145</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part). — 
<treatmentCitation id="0A9710A26743FF984BD9FB1BFE91FAE2" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." page="264" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B426743FF984BD9FB1BFE91FAE2" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref23985" refString="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N. 2004. Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg." type="book" year="2004">Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004: 264</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(in part), un-numbered figure.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32C65386743FF984FC4FA86FC5AFA2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4FA86FE94FAA4" blockId="4.[189,310,1347,1373]" box="[189,310,1347,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0C181DF6743FF984FC4FA86FE94FAA4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1347,1373]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984FC4FA86FE94FAA4" bold="true" box="[189,310,1347,1373]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4FAB4FC5AFA2B" blockId="4.[189,1399,1393,1490]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Characterised by the combination of moderate size, silky surface and red-brown spiral line situated well above mid-whorl, together with the generally brownish colour of the animal, dark speckling of the pulmonary lining and the absence of a stimulator in the genital atrium.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386743FF984FC4FA3FFC3DF99C" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4FA3FFEE6F9ED" blockId="4.[189,324,1530,1556]" box="[189,324,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0C181DF6743FF984FC4FA3FFEE6F9ED" bold="true" box="[189,324,1530,1556]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984FC4FA3FFEE6F9ED" bold="true" box="[189,324,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4F9ECFC3DF99C" blockId="4.[189,1399,1576,1637]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
From the Latin ' 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984EEBF9ECFE72F9BB" box="[402,464,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">piper</emphasis>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306743FF984E9EF9ECFDF4F9BB" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[487,598,1577,1602]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984E9EF9ECFDF4F9BB" box="[487,598,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’, pepper, peppered; referring to the speckled black and cream pigmentation of the pulmonary lining visible through the shell.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984FC4F948FE08F95E" blockId="4.[189,426,1677,1703]" box="[189,426,1677,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<heading id="D0C181DF6743FF984FC4F948FE08F95E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1677,1703]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984FC4F948FE08F95E" bold="true" box="[189,426,1677,1703]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<materialsCitation id="3B5E3CEE6743FF984F93F979FE56F8E4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2618815302" collectionCode="NMSA" collectorName="J. Crosly" country="South Africa" elevation="500" latitude="-27.9617" location="Makowe" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="32.1179" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" specimenCode="NMSA A8172/T4057" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984F93F979FEFEF92F" bold="true" box="[234,348,1724,1750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<collectingCountry id="F32176236743FF984FC4F91AFE37F900" box="[189,405,1759,1785]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
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, 
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, 
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, 
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, ± 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566743FF984B65F91AFBCBF900" box="[1052,1129,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="500.0">
<elevation id="001BD1806743FF984B65F91AFBCBF900" box="[1052,1129,1759,1786]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</elevation>
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, 
<collectorName id="26C353656743FF984B0FF91AFB7CF900" box="[1142,1246,1759,1785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">J. Crosly</collectorName>
leg. (
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, shell only).
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</materialsCitation>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF984F93F881FDCFF8A7" blockId="4.[189,1399,1859,2027]" box="[234,621,1859,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="B942EAA16743FF984F93F881FEC5F8A7" bold="true" box="[234,359,1860,1886]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paratypes</emphasis>
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(listed north to south)
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<paragraph id="8B8936B36743FF994FC4F8A2FD99FB7E" blockId="4.[189,1399,1859,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[189,1399,267,1159]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<collectingCountry id="F32176236743FF984FC4F8A2FE35F878" box="[189,407,1895,1921]" name="South Africa" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516743FF984EDDF8A2FDE6F878" box="[420,580,1895,1921]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
: Mariepskop Forest, 
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, 
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, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566743FF984BF3F8A2FB45F878" box="[1162,1255,1895,1921]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.42" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1420.0">1420 m</quantity>
, indigenous Afromontane forest, in leaf-litter, J. Horn leg., 
<date id="FF8810736743FF984D8AF84FFC31F85C" box="[755,915,1930,1957]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2005-02-28">28 Feb. 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766743FF984CDDF84FFC5BF85D" box="[932,1017,1930,1956]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W4433/T4050, three dry shells with bodies in ethanol, plus one whole specimen in ethanol); Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746743FF984B0EF868FB4FF831" box="[1143,1261,1965,1992]" degrees="24.563" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="-24.563">24.563° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746743FF984B80F868FAD3F831" box="[1273,1393,1965,1992]" degrees="30.863" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="55" value="30.863">30.863° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566743FF984FC4F814FEBCF812" box="[189,286,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1400.0">1400 m</quantity>
, indigenous Afromontane forest, A.C. and W.H. van Bruggen leg., 
<date id="FF8810736743FF984B12F814FAAFF812" box="[1131,1293,2001,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1966-01-29">29 Jan. 1966</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766743FF984A58F814FAD4F812" box="[1313,1398,2001,2027]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W3652/T4048, one dry shell with body in ethanol); Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B48FECEFB6AFEDC" box="[1073,1224,267,294]" degrees="24.56374" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56374">24.56374° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BA1FECEFAD3FEDF" box="[1240,1393,267,294]" degrees="30.86293" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.86293">30.86293° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994FC4FEF4FEBBFEB2" box="[189,281,305,331]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
, northern mistbelt forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Cole leg., st. 14-22, 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A50FEF4FF5AFE88" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-12-03">3 Dec. 2014</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E73FE92FEE8FE88" box="[266,330,343,369]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ELM</collectionCode>
D18023/T152, two dry shells); Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994CBDFE93FBF9FE88" box="[964,1115,342,369]" degrees="24.56683" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56683">24.56683° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B12FE93FAA1FE88" box="[1131,1283,342,369]" degrees="30.86232" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.86232">30.86232° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994A6AFE93FAD3FE88" box="[1299,1393,342,369]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1520.0">1520 m</quantity>
, indigenous Afromontane forest, in leaf-litter, J. Horn leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994CFEFEB9FB8BFE6E" box="[903,1065,380,407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2005-02-28">28 Feb. 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B45FEB9FB33FE6F" box="[1084,1169,380,406]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W3717/T4053, 15 dry shells with bodies in ethanol, plus 10 whole juveniles in ethanol); Mariepskop Forest, Bushpig Trail, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E72FE02FE04FE18" box="[267,422,455,482]" degrees="24.56694" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56694">24.56694° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994EC3FE02FDF4FE1B" box="[442,598,455,482]" degrees="30.86270" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.8627">30.86270° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994D12FE02FD6FFE1B" box="[619,717,455,482]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.491" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1491.0">1491 m</quantity>
, mistbelt forest, A. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FC4FE28FEC3FDFE" box="[189,353,493,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2006-12-15">15 Dec. 2006</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E0AFE28FE6AFDFE" box="[371,456,493,519]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
W6002/T4052, one dry shell); Mariepskop Forest, Picnic Trail, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BA3FE28FAD3FDFE" box="[1242,1393,493,520]" degrees="24.56847" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56847">24.56847° S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FC4FDD7FEF7FDD4" box="[189,341,530,557]" degrees="30.85920" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.8592">30.85920° E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994E1CFDD7FE61FDD4" box="[357,451,530,557]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.545" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1545.0">1545 m</quantity>
, northern mistbelt forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, L. Davis and M. Cole leg., st. 14-27, 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994E41FDFDFE6EFDAB" box="[312,460,568,595]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-12-04">4 Dec. 2014</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EA7FDFDFD91FDAB" box="[478,563,568,594]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
P0229/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DE8FDFDFD01FDAA" box="[657,675,568,595]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4051, 1 dry shell with body in ethanol); Mariepskop Forest, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4FD9BFF79FD81" box="[189,219,606,632]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung M<>nchen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Cole leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994E1FFD9BFDA1FD81" box="[358,515,606,632]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2010-10-18">18 Oct. 2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D6DFD9BFDCBFD81" box="[532,617,606,632]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D0AFD98FD32FD81" box="[627,656,605,632]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
9365/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DAAFD98FD47FD81" box="[723,741,605,632]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4049, one dry shell with body in ethanol); Mariepskop Forest, on slope of escarpment, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D31FD46FD4CFD64" box="[584,750,643,670]" degrees="24.570932" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.570932">
24.570932° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DA5FD46FD4CFD64" box="[732,750,643,669]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D86FD46FC05FD67" box="[767,935,643,670]" degrees="30.860407" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.860407">
30.860407° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CEAFD41FC05FD67" box="[915,935,644,670]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994CC1FD46FBB5FD67" box="[952,1047,643,670]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.514" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1514.0">1514 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B51FD41FBE4FD67" box="[1064,1094,644,670]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung M<>nchen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Cole leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994BAFFD46FAD5FD64" box="[1238,1399,643,669]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2010-10-18">18 Oct. 2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FBCFD6CFEA7FD3A" box="[197,261,681,707]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ELM</collectionCode>
D16958/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E0CFD6CFE25FD3D" box="[373,391,681,708]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
038, one dry shell). — 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516742FF994DE2FD6CFCFAFD3A" box="[667,856,681,707]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
: Ngome Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B62FD6CFB1CFD3A" box="[1051,1214,681,708]" degrees="27.824405" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-27.824406">
27.824405° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BD5FD6CFB1CFD3A" box="[1196,1214,681,707]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BB5FD6CFAD3FD3A" box="[1228,1393,681,707]" degrees="31.419130" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="31.41913">
31.419130° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A24FD6CFAD3FD3A" box="[1373,1393,681,707]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994FC4FD0BFEBAFD10" box="[189,280,718,745]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.136" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1136.0">1136 m</quantity>
on 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306742FF994E32FD0BFD8CFD11" authority=", W. Haselau" authorityName="W. Haselau" box="[331,558,718,745]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clivia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16742FF994E32FD0BFE31FD11" box="[331,403,718,744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Clivia</emphasis>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EDCFD0AFE60FD10" box="[421,450,719,745]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
. Haselau
</taxonomicName>
leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994D0EFD0BFCB7FD10" box="[631,789,718,745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2010-06-15">15 Jun. 2010</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C5EFD0AFCC5FD10" box="[807,871,719,745]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9trn-613c" name="East London Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ELM</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C0BFD0BFC32FD10" box="[882,912,718,745]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
3683/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CACFD0BFC45FD10" box="[981,999,718,745]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
153, whole specimen in ethanol); Ngome Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E0BFD31FE4AFCF7" box="[370,488,756,783]" degrees="27.850" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="-27.85">
27.850° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EAFFD31FE4AFCF7" box="[470,488,756,782]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E8CFD31FDCFFCF6" box="[501,621,756,783]" degrees="31.383" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="31.383">
31.383° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D20FD30FDCFFCF6" box="[601,621,757,783]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994D00FD31FCADFCF6" box="[633,783,756,783]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1050.0" valueMax="1300.0" valueMin="800.0">800–1300 m</quantity>
, mistbelt and coastal scarp sections of forest, mostly under logs, occasionally also on understorey vegetation and bark, D. Herbert leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994BEFFCDFFAB3FCCD" box="[1174,1297,793,820]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995-12">Dec. 1995</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A58FCDFFAD4FCCD" box="[1313,1398,794,820]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FC4FCFAFEAFFCA3" box="[189,269,831,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2250-05">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4FCFAFF70FCA3" box="[189,210,831,858]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
2250
</date>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E6FFCFAFE85FCA3" box="[278,295,831,858]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4056, 13 dry shells with nine bodies in ethanol, plus seven whole specimens in ethanol); same data as 
<typeStatus id="548D88116742FF994E6FFCA0FEDFFC86" box="[278,381,869,895]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EF5FCA0FE43FC86" box="[396,481,869,895]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E91FCA0FE5CFC79" box="[488,510,869,896]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
8173/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D38FCA0FDF1FC79" box="[577,595,869,896]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4058, two dry shells); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BEBFCA0FB58FC86" box="[1170,1274,869,895]" degrees="28.04" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="-28.04">
28.04° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B91FCA0FB58FC86" box="[1256,1274,869,895]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994A71FCA0FAD3FC86" box="[1288,1393,869,895]" degrees="32.10" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="555" value="32.1">
32.10° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A24FCA0FAD3FC86" box="[1373,1393,869,895]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994FC4FC4EFEA8FC5C" box="[189,266,907,933]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
, forest patches in bushveld, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994CCFFC4EFB9DFC5D" box="[950,1087,906,933]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1996-01-02">2 Jan. 1996</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B29FC4EFB1DFC5C" box="[1104,1215,907,933]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
20160240, one dry shell; 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E4CFC75FE2AFC33" box="[309,392,944,970]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994EE9FC75FE42FC33" box="[400,480,944,970]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2360-05">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EE9FC75FE07FC33" box="[400,421,944,970]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
2360
</date>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E90FC75FE59FC32" box="[489,507,944,971]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4055, six dry shells with four bodies in ethanol); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Mbombe Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994EF7FC10FD87FC09" box="[398,549,981,1008]" degrees="28.05654" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-28.05654">
28.05654° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D6AFC13FD87FC09" box="[531,549,982,1008]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D4FFC10FD72FC09" box="[566,720,981,1008]" degrees="32.05045" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="32.05045">
32.05045° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DC5FC13FD72FC09" box="[700,720,982,1008]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994D99FC10FC93FC09" box="[736,817,981,1008]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.32" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="532.0">532 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CA7FC13FC55FC09" box="[990,1015,982,1008]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Armstrong and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BBAFC13FB7EFC09" box="[1219,1244,982,1008]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Gomez leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FBEFC39FE93FBEF" box="[199,305,1020,1046]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">EKZNW</collectionCode>
341146), 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994ED2FC3EFD9AFBEC" box="[427,568,1019,1045]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2011-10-06">6 Oct. 2011</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D30FC3EFD3CFBEC" box="[585,670,1019,1045]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DDEFC3EFD61FBEC" box="[679,707,1019,1045]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
9644/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C7FFC3EFCB5FBEF" box="[774,791,1019,1046]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4054, one dry shell with body in ethanol, plus one whole specimen in ethanol); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994C45FBE4FC12FBC2" box="[828,944,1057,1083]" degrees="28.067" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="-28.067">
28.067° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CE7FBE4FC12FBC2" box="[926,944,1057,1083]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994CC5FBE4FB90FBC2" box="[956,1074,1057,1083]" degrees="32.040" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="32.04">
32.040° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B67FBE4FB90FBC2" box="[1054,1074,1057,1083]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994B44FBE4FB2AFBC2" box="[1085,1160,1057,1084]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, on tree trunks, D. Herbert leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994EB6FB82FDC8FB98" box="[463,618,1094,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995-12-31">31 Dec. 1995</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D01FB82FD6FFB98" box="[632,717,1095,1121]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994DABFB82FC80FB98" box="[722,802,1095,1121]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2279-05">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DABFB82FD45FB98" box="[722,743,1095,1121]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
2279
</date>
/ 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C52FB83FC9EFB98" box="[811,828,1094,1121]" country="0" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ey0i-ifzt" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">T</collectionCode>
4059, three dry shells with two bodies in ethanol; 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4FBA9FEBBFB7E" box="[189,281,1132,1159]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34992" name="National Museum of Natural History, Naturalis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">RMNH</collectionCode>
.5004183, one dry shell).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36742FF994FC4FB75FD43FB33" blockId="5.[189,737,1200,1226]" box="[189,737,1200,1226]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16742FF994FC4FB75FEDBFB33" bold="true" box="[189,377,1200,1226]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Other material</emphasis>
(listed north to south, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DFBFB75FD7BFB33" box="[642,729,1200,1226]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34985" name="KwaZulu-Natal Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">NMSA</collectionCode>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36742FF994FC4FB24FB63F812" blockId="5.[189,1399,1249,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectingCountry id="F32176236742FF994FC4FB24FE35FB02" box="[189,407,1249,1275]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4FB24FEBDFB02" box="[189,287,1249,1275]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">SOUTH</collectionCode>
AFRICA
</collectingCountry>
: 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516742FF994EDDFB24FDE6FB02" box="[420,580,1249,1275]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
: Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994C39FB24FC77FB02" box="[832,981,1249,1276]" degrees="24.56353" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56353">
24.56353° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CBAFB24FC77FB02" box="[963,981,1249,1275]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994C9DFB24FBD9FB02" box="[996,1147,1249,1276]" degrees="30.86252" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.86252">
30.86252° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B1EFB24FBD9FB02" box="[1127,1147,1249,1275]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994BF3FB24FB45FB02" box="[1162,1255,1249,1275]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6199999999999999" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1620.0">1620 m</quantity>
, indigenous Afromontane forest, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994ED7FAC3FE7BFAD8" box="[430,473,1286,1313]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
above ground in epiphytes of standing tree, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CADFAC2FC40FAD8" box="[980,994,1287,1313]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Horn leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994B1FFAC3FB5DFAD8" box="[1126,1279,1286,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2005-05-22">22 May 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A74FAC3FA89FAD8" box="[1293,1323,1286,1313]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
3680); Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994EDCFAE9FD94FABF" box="[421,566,1324,1351]" degrees="24.56374" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56374">
24.56374° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D5DFAE9FD94FABF" box="[548,566,1324,1350]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D38FAE9FD76FABE" box="[577,724,1324,1351]" degrees="30.86293" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="30.86293">
30.86293° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DB9FAE8FD76FABE" box="[704,724,1325,1351]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994DA6FAE9FC9AFABE" box="[735,824,1324,1351]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1640.0">1640 m</quantity>
, northern mistbelt forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4FA97FF70FA95" box="[189,210,1362,1388]" country="Netherlands" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15678" name="Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Leiden University branch" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">L</collectionCode>
. Davis and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E2EFA97FED7FA95" box="[343,373,1362,1388]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Cole leg., st. 14-22, 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994D1EFA97FD51FA95" box="[615,755,1362,1388]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2014-12-03">3 Dec. 2014</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C7BFA97FCB1FA95" box="[770,787,1362,1388]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
0277); Mariepskop Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B36FA94FB42FA95" box="[1103,1248,1361,1388]" degrees="24.56708" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-24.56708">
24.56708° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BB7FA97FB42FA95" box="[1230,1248,1362,1388]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B95FA94FAD3FA95" box="[1260,1393,1361,1388]" degrees="30.8599" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="30.8599">
30.8599° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A24FA97FAD3FA95" box="[1373,1393,1362,1388]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994FC4FAB2FEB9FA6B" box="[189,283,1399,1426]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
, Afromontane forest, in leaf-litter, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DBAFABDFD73FA6B" box="[707,721,1400,1426]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">J</collectionCode>
. Horn leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C1DFAB2FBABFA6B" box="[868,1033,1399,1426]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2005-11-24">24 Nov. 2005</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B62FAB2FB9BFA6B" box="[1051,1081,1399,1426]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
3906). — 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516742FF994BCFFAB2FAD1FA68" box="[1206,1395,1399,1425]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
: Ngome Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E03FA58FDA0FA4E" box="[378,514,1437,1463]" degrees="27.8017" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="-27.8017">
27.8017° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E89FA58FDA0FA4E" box="[496,514,1437,1463]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D6BFA58FD3EFA4E" box="[530,668,1437,1463]" degrees="31.4376" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="31.4376">
31.4376° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DF1FA58FD3EFA4E" box="[648,668,1437,1463]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, mistbelt forest, active on understorey foliage, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BA2FA58FB56FA4E" box="[1243,1268,1437,1463]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994EADFA07FDF9FA25" box="[468,603,1474,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-01-08">
8 Jan. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994D59FA07FDF9FA25" box="[544,603,1474,1500]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D12FA07FD2BFA25" box="[619,649,1474,1500]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
3309); Ngome Forest, Ntendeka Wilderness Area, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BA4FA07FAD3FA25" box="[1245,1393,1474,1500]" degrees="27.80177" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-27.80177">
27.80177° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A26FA07FAD3FA25" box="[1375,1393,1474,1500]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FC4FA2DFEF1F9FB" box="[189,339,1512,1539]" degrees="31.43765" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="31.43765">
31.43765° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E46FA2DFEF1F9FB" box="[319,339,1512,1538]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, mistbelt forest, on understorey foliage, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C4AFA2DFCEEF9FB" box="[819,844,1512,1538]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Moussalli and D. Stuart-Fox leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994B97FA2DFAD5F9FB" box="[1262,1399,1512,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004-01-08">
8 Jan. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A45FA2DFAD5F9FB" box="[1340,1399,1512,1538]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2004" year="2004">2004</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FBCF9C8FF41F9D1" box="[197,227,1549,1576]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
5035); Ngome Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E92F9CBFDD2F9D1" box="[491,624,1550,1576]" degrees="27.8370" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="-27.837">
27.8370° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D27F9CBFDD2F9D1" box="[606,624,1550,1576]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D05F9CBFCA0F9D1" box="[636,770,1550,1576]" degrees="31.3917" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="31.3917">
31.3917° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D97F9CBFCA0F9D1" box="[750,770,1550,1576]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994C76F9CBFCC8F9D1" box="[783,874,1550,1576]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="1200.0">
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C76F9CBFCE8F9D1" box="[783,842,1550,1576]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1200">1200</date>
m
</quantity>
, mistbelt 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306742FF994CA2F9CBFBCBF9D1" box="[987,1129,1550,1576]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16742FF994CA2F9CBFBCBF9D1" box="[987,1129,1550,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Podocarpus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E5CF9F1FEE1F9B7" box="[293,323,1588,1614]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Seddon and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EA6F9F1FE52F9B7" box="[479,496,1588,1614]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Tattersfield leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994DC6F9F6FCEFF9B4" box="[703,845,1587,1614]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998-12-02">
2 Dec. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C6BF9F6FCEFF9B4" box="[786,845,1587,1613]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998" year="1998">1998</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C24F9F6FCD6F9B7" box="[861,884,1587,1614]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
8553); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B84F9F6FF6DF98A" degrees="28.05278" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-28.05278">
28.05278° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4F99CFF6DF98A" box="[189,207,1625,1651]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FA5F99CFED2F98A" box="[220,368,1625,1652]" degrees="32.05327" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="32.05327">
32.05327° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E25F99CFED2F98A" box="[348,368,1625,1651]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994E04F99CFE6BF98A" box="[381,457,1625,1652]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.68" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="568.0">568 m</quantity>
, forest, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D5CF99CFD9CF98A" box="[549,574,1625,1651]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Armstrong leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C7FF99CFCD3F98A" box="[774,881,1625,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">EKZNW</collectionCode>
323534), 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C90F99CFB21F98A" box="[1001,1155,1625,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002-09-30">
30 Sep. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994B31F99CFB21F98A" box="[1096,1155,1625,1651]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2002" year="2002">2002</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BEBF99CFB13F98A" box="[1170,1201,1625,1651]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
7301); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Mbombe Forest, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D3EF9BBFD48F961" box="[583,746,1662,1689]" degrees="28.056539" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-28.05654">
28.056539° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994DA1F9BBFD48F961" box="[728,746,1662,1688]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D80F9BBFC3CF960" box="[761,926,1662,1689]" degrees="32.050450" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="32.05045">
32.050450° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CF3F9BAFC3CF960" box="[906,926,1663,1689]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994CD5F9BBFC58F960" box="[940,1018,1662,1689]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.32" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="532.0">532 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994BD9F9BAFB1BF960" box="[1184,1209,1663,1689]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Armstrong and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FC4F961FF74F947" box="[189,214,1700,1726]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Gomez leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EFEF961FE50F947" box="[391,498,1700,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">EKZNW</collectionCode>
341146), 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994D0DF961FCAAF947" box="[628,776,1700,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2011-10-06">
<date id="FF8810736742FF994D0DF961FD63F947" box="[628,705,1700,1726]" day="06" month="10" monthName="Oct" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
6 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994DF6F961FD63F947" box="[655,705,1700,1726]" month="10" monthName="Oct" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2011">Oct.</date>
</date>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994DB7F961FCAAF947" box="[718,776,1700,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2011" year="2011">2011</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C65F961FC98F946" box="[796,826,1700,1727]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
9644); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994BA1F961FAD3F947" box="[1240,1393,1700,1726]" degrees="28.06377" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-28.06377">
28.06377° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A26F961FAD3F947" box="[1375,1393,1700,1726]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FC4F90FFEF3F91D" box="[189,337,1738,1764]" degrees="32.04388" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="32.04388">
32.04388° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E44F90FFEF3F91D" box="[317,337,1738,1764]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994E24F90CFE0AF91D" box="[349,424,1737,1764]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="450.0">450 m</quantity>
, forest, under log, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D07F90FFD35F91D" box="[638,663,1738,1764]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
. Armstrong and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C2FF90FFCC5F91D" box="[854,871,1738,1764]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Sokhela leg. (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B77F90FFBDBF91D" box="[1038,1145,1738,1764]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">EKZNW</collectionCode>
No. 478152), 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A58F90FFF5AF8F0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2013-10-28">
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A58F90FFAD5F91D" box="[1313,1399,1738,1764]" day="28" month="10" monthName="Oct" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1928">
28 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A3CF90FFAD5F91D" box="[1349,1399,1738,1764]" month="10" monthName="Oct" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="2013">Oct.</date>
</date>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FC4F92AFF5AF8F0" box="[189,248,1775,1801]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2013" year="2013">2013</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E7CF92AFE81F8F3" box="[261,291,1775,1802]" country="Austria" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
9760); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, in forest between research 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306742FF994CA8F935FBB8F8F0" box="[977,1050,1775,1802]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="subSpecies" subSpecies="and">st. and</taxonomicName>
perimeter fence, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994B99F92AFAD3F8F0" box="[1248,1393,1775,1801]" degrees="28.07360" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="-28.0736">
28.07360° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994A26F92AFAD3F8F0" box="[1375,1393,1775,1801]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FC4F8D0FEF1F8D6" box="[189,339,1813,1839]" degrees="32.03909" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="1" value="32.03909">
32.03909° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E46F8D0FEF1F8D6" box="[319,339,1813,1839]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994E18F8D0FE0CF8D6" box="[353,430,1813,1839]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, D. Herbert leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C6FF8D0FC7BF8D6" box="[790,985,1812,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995-01-12" valueMax="1995-01-14" valueMin="1995-01-12">
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C6FF8D0FC34F8D6" box="[790,918,1813,1839]" day="12" last_day="14" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" partOrder="dmy" value="2012-01-14" year="2012">
12– 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C3AF8D0FC34F8D6" box="[835,918,1813,1839]" day="14" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" partOrder="dmy" value="1995-01-14" year="2014">
14 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C1EF8D0FC34F8D6" box="[871,918,1813,1839]" month="01" monthName="Jan" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1995">Jan.</date>
</date>
</date>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994CE7F8D1FC7BF8D6" box="[926,985,1812,1839]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995" year="1995">1995</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C93F8D1FBA3F8D6" box="[1002,1025,1812,1839]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
580); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994FC4F8FFFE93F8AD" box="[189,305,1850,1877]" degrees="28.075" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="-28.075">
28.075° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E66F8FFFE93F8AD" box="[287,305,1850,1876]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E44F8FFFE11F8AC" box="[317,435,1850,1877]" degrees="32.055" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="32.055">
32.055° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EE6F8FEFE11F8AC" box="[415,435,1851,1877]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994EC7F8FFFDABF8AC" box="[446,521,1850,1877]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CB1F8FEFC44F8AC" box="[968,998,1851,1877]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Seddon and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B04F8FEFB2CF8AC" box="[1149,1166,1851,1877]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Tattersfield leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A20F8FFFE9AF883" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998-11-30">
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A20F8FFFF57F883" day="30" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1930">
30 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FC4F8A5FF57F883" box="[189,245,1888,1914]" month="11" monthName="Nov" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" year="1998">Nov.</date>
</date>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994F84F8A5FE9AF883" box="[253,312,1888,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998" year="1998">1998</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E31F8A5FEFCF882" box="[328,350,1888,1915]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
7664); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D93F8A5FCC2F883" box="[746,864,1888,1914]" degrees="28.077" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="-28.077">
28.077° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C37F8A5FCC2F883" box="[846,864,1888,1914]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994C17F8A5FC44F883" box="[878,998,1888,1915]" degrees="32.045" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="32.045">
32.045° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CABF8A5FC44F883" box="[978,998,1888,1914]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994C8AF8A5FBE2F883" box="[1011,1088,1888,1914]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="460.0">460 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E3EF843FEC7F859" box="[327,357,1926,1952]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung M<>nchen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Seddon and 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E87F843FDADF859" box="[510,527,1926,1952]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Tattersfield leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994DA2F843FCDAF859" box="[731,888,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998-11-29">
29 Nov. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994C44F843FCDAF859" box="[829,888,1926,1952]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1998" year="1998">1998</date>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994CFEF840FC3FF859" box="[903,925,1925,1952]" country="Canada" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
7679); Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Hilltop Camp walk, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E2CF86EFE79F83C" box="[341,475,1963,1989]" degrees="28.0830" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="-28.083">
28.0830° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994EB0F86EFE79F83C" box="[457,475,1963,1989]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994E93F86EFDD0F83F" box="[490,626,1963,1990]" degrees="32.0417" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="5" value="32.0417">
32.0417° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D27F869FDD0F83F" box="[606,626,1964,1990]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994DF9F86EFD6CF83F" box="[640,718,1963,1990]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
, scarp forest, in leaf-litter, D. Herbert leg., 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994BAFF86EFAD5F83F" box="[1238,1399,1963,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995-12-31">
31 Dec. 
<date id="FF8810736742FF994A45F86EFAD5F83F" box="[1340,1399,1963,1990]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1995" year="1995">1995</date>
</date>
(
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FBCF814FEBEF815" box="[197,284,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2162-05">
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994FBCF814FF79F815" box="[197,219,2001,2028]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
<date id="FF8810736742FF994FA5F814FEBEF815" box="[220,284,2001,2028]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="2162" year="2162">2162</date>
</date>
); Hlabisa, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994EE1F815FDACF812" box="[408,526,2000,2027]" degrees="28.145" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="-28.145">
28.145° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994E85F814FDACF812" box="[508,526,2001,2027]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15668" name="Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">S</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE0250746742FF994D62F814FD31F812" box="[539,659,2001,2027]" degrees="31.882" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" precision="55" value="31.882">
31.882° 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994D06F814FD31F812" box="[639,659,2001,2027]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</geoCoordinate>
, ± 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566742FF994DCEF815FCA1F812" box="[695,771,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="m" value="540.0">540 m</quantity>
, 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C76F814FC8AF812" box="[783,808,2001,2027]" country="Finland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15618" name="University of Helsinki" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">H</collectionCode>
. 
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994C54F814FCE1F812" box="[813,835,2001,2027]" country="Denmark" name="University of Copenhagen" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">C</collectionCode>
. Burnup leg., pre 1928 (
<collectionCode id="ED27AE766742FF994B26F814FBD4F812" box="[1119,1142,2001,2027]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15406" name="Harvard University - Arnold Arboretum" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="Herbarium">A</collectionCode>
8174).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C65386741FF954FC4FECEFAD5FE95" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36741FF9A4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" blockId="6.[189,334,267,293]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<heading id="D0C181DF6741FF9A4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4FC4FECEFEECFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36741FF9A4FC4FEFFFDBBFD2E" blockId="6.[189,1399,313,727]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
SHELL (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366741FF9A4E65FEFCFECFFEAD" box="[284,365,313,340]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1861,1887]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,1001,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,994,1820]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827195/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Lenticular to globose-lenticular; periphery at mid-whorl, evenly rounded; shell proportions variable, H:D 0.61–0.74 (N=15); suture shallowly indented, inserting well above periphery; thin, translucent, straw-buff when fresh, fading to pale buff, with a thin red-brown line level with suture and obscured by it on spire whorls; surface silky and lacking lustre. Protoconch diameter 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566741FF9A4BB4FE66FAD5FE47" box="[1229,1399,419,446]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.775" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.65" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="1.775" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.65">1.65–1.90 mm</quantity>
(N=17); junction with teleoconch usually weakly marked; essentially smooth, but bearing faint, closeset, microspiral sculpture. Teleoconch of up to 3.3 whorls; coiling relatively tight, whorls not expanding rapidly; sculptured by weak growth-lines and exceptionally fine and close-set, microscopic spiral lines, slightly finer than those on protoconch; later whorls also with microscopic axial sculpture of a similar nature, giving surface its lustreless sheen. Umbilicus patent but narrow, mostly obscured by reflected upper portion of columella lip. Aperture roundly and obliquely lunate. Diameter up to 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566741FF9A4A79FDB3FAD0FD68" box="[1280,1394,630,657]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="18.8">18.8 mm</quantity>
; 
<typeStatus id="548D88116741FF9A4FC4FD5CFE85FD4A" box="[189,295,665,691]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, diameter 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566741FF9A4EE5FD5CFDA7FD4D" box="[412,517,665,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.86" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="18.6">18.6 mm</quantity>
, height 
<quantity id="4CCE9B566741FF9A4D24FD5FFD67FD4D" box="[605,709,666,692]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.14" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="mm" value="11.4">11.4 mm</quantity>
; specimens from 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F8516741FF9A4CF4FD5CFB8AFD4A" box="[909,1064,665,691]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
somewhat smaller (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366741FF9A4A74FD5CFACBFD4D" box="[1293,1385,665,692]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[189,232,1861,1887]" captionTargetBox="[196,1392,1001,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[189,1399,994,1820]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 2. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. A–D. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). E. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). F. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). G. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). H. Possible K. piperatus × vittarubra hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827195/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
), maximum diameter 14.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36741FF9B4FC4FD3AFD49FC62" blockId="6.[189,1399,766,969]" lastBlockId="7.[189,1398,861,923]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
LIVING ANIMAL (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366741FF9A4E08FD3BFE14FCE1" box="[369,438,766,793]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,710,736]" captionTargetBox="[191,1398,268,674]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[189,1399,265,678]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 3. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., living animals. A. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.0 mm (paratype, NMSA V2279/T4059). B. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 13.3 mm (paratype, NMSA P0229/T4051)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827197/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Head-foot pale greyish-brown, neck and posterior of foot usually slightly darker; optic tentacles and their retractor muscles darker grey; body lobes of mantle of similar coloration to head-foot; shell lobes well developed, slender and elongate; caudal appendage dark grey; much of body, particularly the neck, body lobes of mantle and posterior of foot with microscopic cream or pale orange pigment granules. Lining of pulmonary cavity speckled, sometimes heavily so, with irregular black and cream blotches and spots; portion overlying reno-pericardial area cream with a distinct horizontal black band; mantle margin beneath outer lip of shell bordered by a narrow cream line. Spire viscera darker brown with scattered irregular cream markings.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49663B6741FF9A4FC4F880FBEBF814" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827195" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827195" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827195/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" startId="6.[189,232,1861,1887]" targetBox="[196,1392,1001,1815]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36741FF9A4FC4F880FBEBF814" blockId="6.[189,1399,1861,2029]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4FC4F880FEADF8A6" bold="true" box="[189,271,1861,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306741FF9A4E63F880FD8CF8A6" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[282,558,1861,1887]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4E63F880FD8CF8A6" box="[282,558,1861,1887]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6741FF9A4D40F880FD3AF8A6" box="[569,664,1861,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4DDAF880FD7EF8A6" bold="true" box="[675,732,1861,1887]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A–D</emphasis>
. Holotype, diameter 18.6 mm (NMSA A8172/T4057). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4FC4F8ADFF73F87B" bold="true" box="[189,209,1896,1922]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">E</emphasis>
. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.4 mm (paratype, NMSA V2360/T4055). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4FC4F849FF6DF85F" bold="true" box="[189,207,1932,1958]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">F</emphasis>
. Ngome Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4BC6F84EFB74F85C" bold="true" box="[1215,1238,1931,1957]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">G</emphasis>
. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, diameter 13.0 mm (paratype, NMSA W9365/T4049). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4CB4F86AFC46F830" bold="true" box="[973,996,1967,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">H</emphasis>
. Possible 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306741FF9A4B2EF86AFB47F831" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1111,1253,1967,1992]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4B2EF86AFB47F831" box="[1111,1253,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
× 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306741FF9A4B86F86AFAD4F830" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1279,1398,1967,1993]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16741FF9A4B86F86AFAD4F830" box="[1279,1398,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
hybrid, Nkandla Forest, KwaZulu-Natal, diameter 18.8 mm (NMSA W1116).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF49663B6740FF9B4FC4FD03FD14FCD1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827197" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827197" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827197/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,710,736]" targetBox="[191,1398,268,674]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36740FF9B4FC4FD03FD14FCD1" blockId="7.[189,1399,710,808]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4FC4FD03FEAEFD19" bold="true" box="[189,268,710,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306740FF9B4E6CFD03FD85FD19" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[277,551,710,736]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4E6CFD03FD85FD19" box="[277,551,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6740FF9B4D49FD02FD2DFD18" box="[560,655,711,737]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, living animals. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4C2FFD03FCC9FD19" bold="true" box="[854,875,710,736]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. Hluhluwe Game Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal, shell diameter 16.0 mm (paratype, NMSA V2279/T4059). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4C15FD2FFC22FCFD" bold="true" box="[876,896,746,772]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
. Mariepskop, Mpumalanga, shell diameter 13.3 mm (paratype, NMSA P0229/T4051).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936B36740FF9B4FC4FC06FAD4FBBF" blockId="7.[189,1398,962,1094]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
RADULA (
<figureCitation id="130D2A366740FF9B4E56FC07FEDEFC25" box="[303,380,962,989]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[192,1396,1113,1885]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[189,1399,1109,1888]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 4. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., radula (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). A. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. B. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. C. Inner right marginal teeth. D. Outer right marginal teeth. Scale bars = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827201/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Formula R+14+(1–2)+(60–70); rachidian tricuspid, anterior margin of shaft base shallowly indented; laterals essentially bicuspid with a mesocone and strong basal ectocone, but also with a minute endocone on side of mesocone; laterals followed by 1–2 teeth of intermediate shape and then a long series of marginals; marginals curved and bicuspid, with a large terminal cusp with a slightly
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF49663B6740FF9B4FC4F84CFDCEF813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827201" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827201" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827201/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" startId="7.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[192,1396,1113,1885]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8B8936B36740FF9B4FC4F84CFDCEF813" blockId="7.[189,1398,1929,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4FC4F84CFEADF85A" bold="true" box="[189,271,1929,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D306740FF9B4E63F84CFD8CF85A" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[282,558,1929,1955]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4E63F84CFD8CF85A" box="[282,558,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA6740FF9B4D43F84FFD39F85D" box="[570,667,1930,1956]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, radula (paratype, NMSA V2250/T4056). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4BD8F84CFB14F85A" bold="true" box="[1185,1206,1929,1955]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A</emphasis>
. Rachidian and left lateral teeth. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4EFCF868FE3BF83E" bold="true" box="[389,409,1965,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">B</emphasis>
. Rachidian and innermost lateral teeth. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4C16F869FC26F83F" bold="true" box="[879,900,1964,1990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C</emphasis>
. Inner right marginal teeth. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA16740FF9B4BA9F868FB47F83E" bold="true" box="[1232,1253,1965,1991]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">D</emphasis>
. Outer right marginal teeth. Scale bars = 100 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674FFF944FC4FECEFBC9FEB1" blockId="8.[189,1398,267,328]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">smaller subterminal one on outer (concave) margin; shaft lacking serrations; marginals progressively decreasing in size toward edge of radula, but otherwise morphologically similar.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674FFF944FC4FEB5FC88FC19" blockId="8.[189,1399,368,992]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
DISTAL GENITALIA (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674FFF944EEDFEB5FE7BFE72" box="[404,473,368,395]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[204,1387,1182,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,1174,1888]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–B. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). A. Entire genital tract. B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. C. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
A–B). Penis encased in thin sheath and usually with a distinct S-shaped bend in basal half, sometimes another in apical half; retractor muscle attached to penis apex; base of penis defined by fusion with sheath and constriction of lumen; penis base may bulge into preputial region joining penis base to atrium; internally penis divided into two sections, basal third rather thin-walled, with two longitudinal ridges and lined throughout by microscopic papillae, apical two-thirds thickerwalled with more numerous, smooth longitudinal folds; junction between sections delimited by a slight constriction, but no verge evident in this region. Epiphallus very short; caecum well developed, considerably longer than epiphallus, cylindrical, but somewhat sinuous, distal portion slightly broader, with bluntly rounded apex; caecum lined internally with a complex lattice of interconnected folds and lumen largely obstructed; distal portion of caecum compartmentalised and sometimes with chalky contents; caecum arising very close to penis apex and insertion of retractor muscle; epiphallus, caecum and penis apex forming a triple junction. Basal part of flagellum (f1) stout, comprising ± 1 whorl, with distinct transverse internal structure; f2 slender, longer than f1, straight in some specimens, variously curved in others; little evidence of chalky material inside proximal epiphallus; vas deferens simple and slender. Genital atrium simple, lacking stimulator, its lining comprising an oblique latticework of narrow interconnected ridges; vagina short; gametolytic sac thin walled and irregularly pyriform, its duct of moderate length; base of free oviduct swollen, dark (brown/black) in fresh material; spermoviduct divided into distinct prostatic and oviductal portions.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674FFF954FC4FBCDFAD5FE95" blockId="8.[189,1399,1032,1164]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,364]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
SPERMATOPHORE (
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674FFF944EFCFBCDFE44FBDA" box="[389,486,1032,1059]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[204,1387,1182,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,1174,1888]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov., genitalia and spermatophore. A–B. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). A. Entire genital tract. B. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. C. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
). Elbowed, with a crescent-shaped capsule (length approx. 
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674FFF944BB9FBCDFA82FBDB" box="[1216,1312,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="4.7">4.7 mm</quantity>
) and a long coiled tail; proximal part of tail bearing two rows of stout branching spines spiralling around tail; primary row extending for approx. one coil; spines in mid-region larger and more complexly branched; a shorter, secondary row of approx. 10 spines on opposite side of proximal part of spinose region, these initially similar to those of primary row, but distal ones with progressively fewer branches; spines of primary row flabellate, terminating in deeply V-shaped bifurcations, their tips slender and pointed, not or at most weakly curved; distal half of tail lacking spines, very slender and variously curved or coiled.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF49663B674FFF944FC4F84CFBDEF813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827203/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" startId="8.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[204,1387,1182,1877]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674FFF944FC4F84CFBDEF813" blockId="8.[189,1399,1929,2026]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944FC4F84CFEADF85A" bold="true" box="[189,271,1929,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674FFF944E65F84CFD92F85A" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[284,560,1929,1955]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944E65F84CFD92F85A" box="[284,560,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674FFF944D45F84FFD3CF85D" box="[572,670,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, genitalia and spermatophore. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944B60F84CFBF2F85A" bold="true" box="[1049,1104,1929,1955]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A–B</emphasis>
. Genitalia, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (paratype, NMSA W4433/T4050). 
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944D85F869FCB3F83F" bold="true" box="[764,785,1964,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
. Entire genital tract. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944B72F869FBBDF83F" bold="true" box="[1035,1055,1964,1990]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
. Dissection of genital atrium and penis sheath. 
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674FFF944EF7F80AFE01F810" bold="true" box="[398,419,1999,2025]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
. Spermatophore, Mariepskop, Mpumalanga (NMSA W3906).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674EFF954FC4FE56FD66FDDB" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674EFF954FC4FE56FE17FE57" blockId="9.[189,437,403,430]" box="[189,437,403,430]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954FC4FE56FEF4FE54" bold="true" box="[189,342,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Distribution</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="130D2A36674EFF954E1FFE56FE0EFE57" box="[358,428,403,430]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="9.[190,233,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[298,1292,593,1840]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[292,1295,593,1840]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig. 6. Distribution of Kerkophorus piperatus sp. nov. (triangles), Kerkophorus vittarubra sp. nov. (squares), and Microkerkus sibaya sp. nov. (cross). The population at Nkandla marked ‘?’ is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling K. piperatus sp. nov., but with genitalia resembling K. vittarubra sp. nov. Contours at 1000 and 1500 m." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674EFF954FC4FE07FD66FDDB" blockId="9.[189,1398,450,547]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Endemic to north-eastern 
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674EFF954D7DFE07FD02FE25" box="[516,672,450,476]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(and probably also 
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674EFF954CDEFE07FB84FE24" box="[935,1062,450,477]" name="Swaziland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
), ranging from the coastal escarpment of north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal to the Drakensberg of northern Mpumalanga; at altitudes between 
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674EFF954E5FFDCDFED2FDDA" box="[294,368,520,547]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="170.0">170 m</quantity>
and 
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674EFF954ED0FDCDFDA0FDDA" box="[425,514,520,547]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.64" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="m" value="1640.0">
<date id="FF881073674EFF954ED0FDCDFE46FDDB" box="[425,484,520,546]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1640">1640</date>
m
</quantity>
above sea level.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF49663B674EFF954FC7F8A3FC81F813" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827205" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827205" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827205/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[190,233,1894,1920]" targetBox="[298,1292,593,1840]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674EFF954FC7F8A3FC81F813" blockId="9.[190,1400,1894,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954FC7F8A3FEB2F879" bold="true" box="[190,272,1894,1920]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674EFF954EA3F8A3FD4CF879" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[474,750,1894,1920]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954EA3F8A3FD4CF879" box="[474,750,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674EFF954D83F8A2FCFBF878" box="[762,857,1895,1921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(triangles), 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674EFF954C89F8A3FAAEF879" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1008,1292,1894,1920]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954C89F8A3FAAEF879" box="[1008,1292,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Kerkophorus vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674EFF954A61F8A2FADAF878" box="[1304,1400,1895,1921]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(squares), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674EFF954E1EF84CFDEFF85A" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[359,589,1929,1955]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Microkerkus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sibaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954E1EF84CFDEFF85A" box="[359,589,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Microkerkus sibaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674EFF954D2AF84FFD0EF85D" box="[595,684,1930,1956]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(cross). The population at Nkandla marked ‘?’ is a potentially hybrid population with shell characters resembling 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674EFF954C62F868FC0FF83F" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[795,941,1965,1990]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954C62F868FC0FF83F" box="[795,941,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674EFF954CCCF868FBB0F83E" box="[949,1042,1965,1991]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but with genitalia resembling 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674EFF954FC7F815FEF5F813" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[190,343,2000,2026]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674EFF954FC7F815FEF5F813" box="[190,343,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674EFF954E27F815FE1BF813" box="[350,441,2000,2026]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Contours at 1000 and 1500 m.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964FC4FECEFAB5FE84" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" blockId="10.[189,285,267,293]" box="[189,285,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,285,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FECEFEBFFEDC" bold="true" box="[189,285,267,293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Habitat</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FEF8FAB5FE84" blockId="10.[189,1399,317,382]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Scarp Forest and both Southern and Northern Mistbelt Forest (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674DFF964CDCFEF8FB50FEA1" author="Mucina L. &amp; Rutherford M. C." box="[933,1266,317,344]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref24274" refString="Mucina L. &amp; Rutherford M. C. (eds) 2006. The Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Strelitzia 19, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria." type="book" year="2006">Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006</bibRefCitation>
); mostly in leaf-litter, under logs and low down on tree trunks, but occasionally on understorey vegetation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6538674DFF964FC4FE6DFA97FB5A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FE6DFE8DFE3B" blockId="10.[189,303,424,450]" box="[189,303,424,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4FE6DFE8DFE3B" bold="true" box="[189,303,424,450]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FE6DFE8DFE3B" bold="true" box="[189,303,424,450]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FE1FFAE8FCDE" blockId="10.[189,1399,474,808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
This and the following species have until now been confused with 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964C9FFE1FFE25FDE3" authority="(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1899)" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964C9FFE1FFB4EFE0D" box="[998,1260,474,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kerkophorus inunctus</emphasis>
(Melvill &amp; Ponsonby, 1899)
</taxonomicName>
and were usually identified under that name (
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674DFF964CBEFDC5FB23FDE3" author="Connolly M." box="[967,1153,512,538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 660" refId="ref23445" refString="Connolly M. 1939. A monographic survey of South African non-marine Mollusca. Annals of the South African Museum 33: 1 - 660." type="journal article" year="1939">Connolly 1939</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFA74B42674DFF964BEBFDC5FF5FFDB8" author="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refId="ref23985" refString="Herbert D. G. &amp; Kilburn R. N. 2004. Field Guide to the Land Snails and Slugs of Eastern South Africa. Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg." type="book" year="2004">Herbert &amp; Kilburn 2004</bibRefCitation>
). 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964E6FFDE2FD88FDB8" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[278,554,551,577]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964E6FFDE2FD88FDB8" box="[278,554,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964D4EFDE2FD38FDB8" box="[567,666,551,577]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, however, has a more elevated shell than 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964BD2FDEDFA94FDB8" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[1195,1334,552,577]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964BD2FDEDFA94FDB8" box="[1195,1334,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. inunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, less rapidly expanding whorls and does not attain such a large size (max. diameter 
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674DFF964BF1FD88FB7DFD91" box="[1160,1247,589,616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="19.0">19 mm</quantity>
vs 
<quantity id="4CCE9B56674DFF964A76FD88FAC9FD91" box="[1295,1387,589,616]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
). In addition, the present species lacks the large stimulator in the genital atrium that is found in both 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964FC4FD5EFEE3FD4D" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[189,321,667,692]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FD5EFEE3FD4D" box="[189,321,667,692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. inunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964E01FD5EFDB2FD4D" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[376,528,666,692]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964E01FD5EFDB2FD4D" box="[376,528,666,692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964D6FFD5EFDCDFD4C" box="[534,623,667,693]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(below). In the field, the generally brownish colour of 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964B9EFD5EFAD5FD4D" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1255,1399,667,692]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964B9EFD5EFAD5FD4D" box="[1255,1399,667,692]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964FC4FD04FEBBFD23" box="[189,281,705,731]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, its silky shell and the dense dark speckling of the pulmonary lining are distinctive features. In 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964FC4FD2DFEE6FCF8" baseAuthorityName="Melvill &amp; Ponsonby" baseAuthorityYear="1899" box="[189,324,744,769]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="inunctus">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FD2DFEE6FCF8" box="[189,324,744,769]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. inunctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pulmonary lining lacks black speckling and the spire viscera exhibit much yellowishwhite pigmentation. Additional comments are given below in the remarks for 
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964B34FCCBFB45FCD1" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[1101,1255,782,808]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vittarubra" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964B34FCCBFB45FCD1" box="[1101,1255,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">K. vittarubra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964B97FCCBFAE8FCDE" box="[1262,1354,782,808]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FC97FA96FC6A" blockId="10.[189,1398,850,915]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The apparent hiatus in the known range of the species, between the 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674DFF964CACFC97FB2FFC95" box="[981,1165,850,876]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
population and that in northern 
<collectingRegion id="49F2F851674DFF964E3FFCBCFE46FC6A" box="[326,484,889,915]" country="South Africa" name="Mpumalanga" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Mpumalanga</collectingRegion>
, is almost certainly an artefact stemming from insufficient field surveys.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FC78FEC7FC2E" blockId="10.[189,357,957,983]" box="[189,357,957,983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181DF674DFF964FC4FC78FEC7FC2E" bold="true" box="[189,357,957,983]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FC78FEC7FC2E" bold="true" box="[189,357,957,983]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Conservation</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8936B3674DFF964FC4FC2AFA97FB5A" blockId="10.[189,1399,1007,1188]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D30674DFF964FC4FC2AFE6FFBF0" authority="Herbert, 2017" authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="2017" box="[189,461,1007,1033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Urocyclidae" genus="Kerkophorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="piperatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B942EAA1674DFF964FC4FC2AFE6FFBF0" box="[189,461,1007,1033]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kerkophorus piperatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27157DA674DFF964EADFC35FD92FBF0" box="[468,560,1008,1034]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is a relatively widespread species and it is known to occur in a number of formal conservation areas (Hluhluwe Game Reserve, Ngome State Forest and Mariepskop State Forest). Provided that the integrity of these habitats is preserved, they will provide a degree of security. However, the preservation of indigenous forest in western 
<collectingCountry id="F3217623674DFF964C0CFBA6FC4DFB84" box="[885,1007,1123,1149]" name="Swaziland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Swaziland</collectingCountry>
is also likely to be important for the conservation of this species, if future field research demonstrates its occurrence in this region.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>