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<document id="50E1BA4EFD803B24B56CCA274B2CD3A5" ID-CLB-Dataset="22023" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2017.338" ID-GBIF-Dataset="be9f3ab9-3131-4e11-8d29-a94275ffaac9" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3834349" ID-ZooBank="86786AB1-4A1A-4A1E-B42B-53B73D66ED60" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589907623398" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Albrecht, Anders Christian" docDate="2017" docId="039F8788FFEAFFC3A8EFFBA41013410F" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-2017-338.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 338" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFA6FFF0FFE0FFC8A914FFF311354058" masterDocTitle="Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698840308244" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-3.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="E794846135BE996E362B219A04CFCF49">Illustrated identification guide to the Nordic aphids feeding on Conifers (Pinophyta) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Sternorhyncha, Aphidomorpha)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CD60F68E91CD3B5DB186FCFACD3D5292">Albrecht, Anders Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B8927F67BB2BFA022EE728CDFD6E32E4">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039F8788FFEAFFC3A8EFFBA41013410F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3851634" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164184826" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3851634" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039F8788FFEAFFC3A8EFFBA41013410F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039F8788FFEAFFC3A8EFFBA41013410F" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C32C6515FFEAFFC2A8EFFBA4150C442A" box="[507,1081,1111,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2A8EFFBA4150C442A" blockId="10.[507,1081,1111,1173]" box="[507,1081,1111,1138]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181F2FFEAFFC2A8EFFBA4150C442A" box="[507,1081,1111,1138]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2A8EFFBA4150C442A" ID-CoL="9XKD" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[507,1081,1111,1138]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abietis" subGenus="Sacciphantes">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A8EFFBA4125C442A" bold="true" box="[507,873,1111,1138]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis</emphasis>
(Linnaeus, 1758)
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<subSubSection id="C32C6515FFEAFFC2ABCCFB89126944CD" box="[728,860,1146,1173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2ABCCFB89126944CD" blockId="10.[507,1081,1111,1173]" box="[728,860,1146,1173]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="130D2A1BFFEAFFC2ABCCFB89126944CD" box="[728,860,1146,1173]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStart-2="Fig" captionStart-3="Fig" captionStart-4="Fig" captionStartId-0="58.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionStartId-1="59.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-2="60.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionStartId-3="61.[189,232,1930,1956]" captionStartId-4="62.[189,232,847,873]" captionTargetBox-0="[191,1397,621,1923]" captionTargetBox-1="[192,1397,345,1852]" captionTargetBox-2="[192,1396,294,1853]" captionTargetBox-3="[192,1396,372,1886]" captionTargetBox-4="[192,1368,313,751]" captionTargetId-0="figure@58.[188,1400,618,1926]" captionTargetId-1="figure@59.[189,1399,342,1854]" captionTargetId-2="figure@60.[189,1398,291,1855]" captionTargetId-3="figure@61.[189,1399,369,1889]" captionTargetId-4="figure@62.[190,1399,311,806]" captionTargetPageId-0="58" captionTargetPageId-1="59" captionTargetPageId-2="60" captionTargetPageId-3="61" captionTargetPageId-4="62" captionText-0="Fig. 17. Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758), galls on Picea abies. AB. Almost full-grown. C. Half-grown. Colouration typical for galls growing in open sites. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-1="Fig. 18. Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758), galls on Picea abies. AD. Galls from different sites showing variation in colouration. A. From a semi-open site. B. In semi-shade. CD. In deep shade. EF. Newly opened galls with exuviae and alate gallicolae around. GH. Galls from previous summer. Note the colony of Cinara pilicornis (Hartig, 1841) on the stem in A. Scale bars: 10 mm." captionText-2="Fig. 19. Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758) on Picea abies. The gallicolae fly only a very short distance from their mother gall (AB), where they lay their eggs (CE). A majority of the eggs remain on the mothers dorsum, sheltered by her wings. Newly hatched alatae are red-brown (FG), head and thorax darkening with age (I)." captionText-3="Fig. 20. Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758) on Picea abies in winter. A. First instar exuvium and second instar nymphs. B. First instar exuvium. CD. Second instar nymphs, in D with wax filaments worn off." captionText-4="Fig. 21. Adelges (Sacciphantes) abietis (Linnaeus, 1758). A. Adult pseudofundatrix. B. Antenna of alate gallicola. (After Börner 1908, redrawn and modified.)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834383" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834385" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834387" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834389" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3834391" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3834383/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3834385/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3834387/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3834389/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3834391/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1721</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2A9A9FB4F1003448E" blockId="10.[189,310,1212,1238]" box="[189,310,1212,1238]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181F2FFEAFFC2A9A9FB4F1003448E" bold="true" box="[189,310,1212,1238]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A9A9FB4F1003448E" bold="true" box="[189,310,1212,1238]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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First instar pseudofundatrix about
<quantity id="4CCE9B7BFFEAFFC2AB59FB19139C455D" box="[589,681,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
, greyish brown; prothoracic pleurospinal sclerites longer than broad; dorsal sclerites with groups of 27 ring-like wax pores. Second instar nymphs in winter about
<quantity id="4CCE9B7BFFEAFFC2A9A9FAC2107A4513" box="[189,335,1329,1355]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.60.8 mm</quantity>
. Wax filaments of overwintering nymphs numerous, long, glossy grey, stiff, curled in all directions. Adult pseudofundatrix greyish or yellowish brown, exuding abundant fine, white wax wool. Al. gallicola
<quantity id="4CCE9B7BFFEAFFC2A842FA8410D245CA" box="[342,487,1399,1426]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="2.05" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.8">1.82.3 mm</quantity>
, brown to brownish black with thin greyish wax dusting and transverse white wax markings; abdomen yellowish brown; wax wool production fairly weak. Wax glands on head and prothorax absent or indistinct, without clear facets; rhinaria on antennal segments IIIV oval to circular. Eggs brownish yellow. Anholocyclic on
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AB86FA1113E045A3" box="[658,725,1506,1531]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AB86FA1113E045A3" box="[658,725,1506,1531]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Picea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, occurring in many habitats, usually
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above ground. In open positions such as forest margins, clearings and solitary trees, the scale margins of the galls become bright red or purple, whereas galls in shaded positions are less strikingly coloured.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2A9A9F99A131A4721" blockId="10.[189,1399,1641,1914]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
The pseudofundatrices hibernate at bud bases and in bud axils, in contrast to
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AD2FF99A159046DB" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[1083,1189,1641,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tardus">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AD2FF99A159046DB" box="[1083,1189,1641,1667]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">A. tardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which prefers the surface of the buds (my own records from
<collectingCountry id="F321760EFFEAFFC2ABB9F97F123946FF" box="[685,780,1676,1703]" name="Finland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Finland</collectingCountry>
). Second instar pseudofundatrices can be found from late autumn onwards, but first instar nymphs may occur as late as in February (according to my own records from S.
<collectingCountry id="F321760EFFEAFFC2A86BF92110EB46B5" box="[383,478,1746,1773]" name="Finland" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Finland</collectingCountry>
). Galls
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, usually gregarious, pineapple-shaped with needle-bearing shoot apically, bright green with purple, red, pink or brownish (rarely green) scale margins. Scales pubescent, particularly along margins. They often occur along with galls from preceding years and with galls of
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2A842F8CF1331470E" baseAuthorityName="Dreyfus" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[342,516,1852,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Adelgidae" genus="Adelges" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tardus">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A842F8CF1331470E" box="[342,516,1852,1878]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Adelges tardus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; opening in Augustearly September. Gall chambers completely closed: no nymphs occur on outer surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32C6515FFEAFFC2A9A9F85215C447B2" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2A9A9F852104847E3" blockId="10.[189,381,1953,1979]" box="[189,381,1953,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0C181F2FFEAFFC2A9A9F852104847E3" bold="true" box="[189,381,1953,1979]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A9A9F852104847E3" bold="true" box="[189,381,1953,1979]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Recorded hosts</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEAFFC2A9A9F83C15C447B2" blockId="10.[189,1265,1999,2026]" box="[189,1265,1999,2026]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2A9A9F83C101F47B1" box="[189,298,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
:
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A821F82310FE47B1" box="[309,459,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2A821F82310F547B1" box="[309,448,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abies">Picea abies</taxonomicName>
*
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2A8CEF83C135E47B1" box="[474,619,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="engelmannii">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2A8CEF83C135E47B1" box="[474,619,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">engelmannii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AB6EF83C13FF47B1" authorityName="Voss" authorityYear="2010" baseAuthorityName="Moench" box="[634,714,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="glauca">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AB6EF83C13FF47B1" box="[634,714,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">glauca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2ABCCF823127747B1" box="[728,834,2000,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jezoensis">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2ABCCF823127747B1" box="[728,834,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">jezoensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AA45F83C12F447B1" box="[849,961,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AA45F83C12F447B1" box="[849,961,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AAC4F823150747B1" box="[976,1074,2000,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pungens">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AAC4F823150747B1" box="[976,1074,2000,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pungens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C364D1DFFEAFFC2AD54F83C158747B1" baseAuthorityName="Carter" baseAuthorityYear="1976" box="[1088,1202,1999,2025]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Picea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sitchensis">
<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEAFFC2AD54F83C158747B1" box="[1088,1202,1999,2025]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">sitchensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, spp.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEBFFC3A9A9FEF81063417D" blockId="11.[189,342,267,293]" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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<emphasis id="B942EA8CFFEBFFC3A9A9FEF81063417D" bold="true" box="[189,342,267,293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B89369EFFEBFFC3A9A9FECE1013410F" blockId="11.[189,294,317,343]" box="[189,294,317,343]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D F N S.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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