347 lines
48 KiB
XML
347 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C8EEEB5ED92F390AD8E6DB2B7F5B3E0A">Early Eocene hippomorph perissodactyls (Mammalia) from the Paris Basin</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="AC8A444B948C36E4E4EEEE5B10546DC3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A39D459B443E2FD889A6A0A8BCE413E9">Bronnert, Constance</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB5E762AF82B62BDC4514B5963593A23">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="01129B8410C0C9A5DBD824A68D3BB260" type="email">constance.bronnert@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4B834DB1E83E90FC4B839C1066BB0A88">Métais, Grégoire</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8D4E7197CA3A7C235B7991A544F6BE20">Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie – Paris (CR 2 P, UMR 7207), CNRS / MNHN / Sorbonne Université, case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05 (France)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5364058C79FB210BF0BBEFA198A2A5A7" type="email">gregoire.metais@mnhn.fr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="F137959B750BEA32E151DB388FA5632D">Geodiversitas</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2D22BE1E01D3785C572F7206374B15FC">
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<mods:date id="BEDB013AC5F80E50E7B7AED5F56029FB">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1DB16D804775BD34005C6AEFAA2C6654">2023-06-08</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="3A8EE456E09E3531314A3D1F28D11D37" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D47181E8E3649DE96F5C332893746E81">45</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="28AD869D39AEAB07361194D97A02907D" type="DOI">10.5252/geodiversitas2023v45a9</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF08FA83D9D1FABA" box="[240,667,1300,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF08FA83D9D1FABA" blockId="13.[240,667,1300,1358]" box="[240,667,1300,1327]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF08FA83D9D1FABA" authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[240,667,1300,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF08FA83D946FABB" bold="true" box="[240,524,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDEBFA82D9D1FABA" author="Owen" box="[531,667,1300,1326]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFE66FAA2DAA7FADA" box="[414,493,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="description">
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<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFE66FAA2DAA7FADA" blockId="13.[240,667,1300,1358]" box="[414,493,1332,1358]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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(
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<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFE5FFAA2DAAEFADA" box="[423,484,1332,1358]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CFAFED99EFA74" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFAFED9D8FA21" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF7CFAFED903FA14" authority="Owen, 1841: 203 - 206" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="203 - 206" authorityYear="1841" box="[132,585,1384,1408]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CFAFEDA3AFA14" box="[132,368,1384,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE8CFAFED903FA14" author="Owen" box="[372,585,1384,1408]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="203 - 206" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841: 203-206</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDA8FAFED9FBFA14" author="Owen" box="[592,689,1384,1408]" firstAuthor="Owen" page="340" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="339 - 341" refId="ref35536" refString="OWEN R. 1865. - On a new genus (Miolophus) of mammal from the London Clay. Geological Magazine, London (1) 2: 339 - 341. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0016756800470470" type="journal article" year="1865">1865: 340</bibRefCitation>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFD44FAFFD9B3FA14" box="[700,761,1385,1408]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">partim</emphasis>
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||
), pl. 10, fig. 2. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFED4FA15D95BFA0F" author="Deperet" box="[300,529,1411,1435]" firstAuthor="Deperet" page="200 - 201" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="199 - 225" refId="ref33207" refString="DEPERET C. 1901. - Revision des formes europeennes de la famille des Hyracotherides. Bulletin de la Societe geologique de France, 4 eme serie, 1: 199 - 225. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 30552662" type="journal article" year="1901">Depéret 1901: 200-201</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFDD8FA15D915FA0E" box="[544,607,1411,1434]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">partim</emphasis>
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), pl. 4, fig. 1. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFF7DFA0BDA28FA21" author="Savage" box="[133,354,1437,1461]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Savage" page="6 - 8" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" refId="ref36035" refString="SAVAGE D. E., RUSSELL D. E. & LOUIS P. 1965. - European Eocene Equidae (Perissodactyla). University of California Press, Berkeley, 94 p. (University of California Publications in Geological Sciences; 56)." type="book" year="1965">
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Savage
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF33FA08DBB0FA21" box="[203,250,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">et al.</emphasis>
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||
1965: 6-8
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
, fig. 2h. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE20FA0BD9C4FA21" author="Lydekker" box="[472,654,1437,1461]" firstAuthor="Lydekker" page="11" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" refId="ref34818" refString="LYDEKKER R. 1886. - Catalogue of the Fossil Mammalia in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. 3. Order of the Trustees, 186 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61849" type="book" year="1886">Lydekker 1886: 11</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFA5ED99EFA74" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,724,1480,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="78DF2473520BB66FFF7CFA5ED99EFA74" box="[132,724,1480,1504]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFF7CFA5EDAD6FA74" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[132,412,1480,1504]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
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||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CFA5EDA5BFA74" box="[132,273,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
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aff.
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<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFEC4FA5EDAD6FA74" box="[316,412,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">leporinum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<treatmentCitation id="D96E254C520BB66FFE4EFA5ED9C9FA74" author="HOOKER J. J." box="[438,643,1480,1504]" page="53" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" year="1994">
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE4EFA5ED9C9FA74" author="Hooker" box="[438,643,1480,1504]" firstAuthor="Hooker" page="53 - 57" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994: 53-57</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 20.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CFA62D91EF854" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CFA62DB98F9B2" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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||
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CFA62DB84F9B2" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" specimenCode="BMNH M16336" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CFA62DBA5F99E" baselines="1541,1542" box="[132,239,1524,1547]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Holotype" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<typeStatus id="8774BDFF520BB66FFF7CFA62DBA5F99E" box="[132,239,1524,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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</smallCapsWord>
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||
. —
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||
<specimenCode id="0869AB26520BB66FFEE3FA62DA83F99F" box="[283,457,1523,1547]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">BMNH M16336</specimenCode>
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, skull with right P2-M3 and left P4-M2
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF9AFD9C8F9C4" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,642,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF9AFD9C8F9C4" box="[132,642,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
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<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CF9AFDBADF9DB" baselines="1610,1611" box="[132,231,1593,1616]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Material" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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||
. —
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFEECF9AFDACAF9C5" bold="true" box="[276,384,1593,1617]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Herne Bay</emphasis>
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||
(see
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<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFE48F9AFD97FF9C5" author="Hooker" box="[432,565,1593,1617]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="101 - 114" refId="ref34107" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1980. - The succession of Hyracotherium (Perissodactyla, Mammalia) in the English early Eocene. Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History (Geology) 33: 101 - 114. https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 36358364" type="journal article" year="1980">Hooker 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC520BB66FFDB9F9AFD93FF9C5" author="Hooker" box="[577,629,1593,1617]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF9F3DACEF88F" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF9F3DACAF88F" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF9F3DB92F9E9" bold="true" box="[132,216,1637,1661]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Mutigny</emphasis>
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||
: P4 (R: MNHN-MU5919); M1/2 (R: MNHN-MU220-L, MU12329 [broken]; L: MNHN-MU222-L, MU17167, MU12375 [worn]); M3? (L: MNHN-MU192-L); dp3 (L: MNHN-MU200-L); p3 (R: MNHN-MU5640), dp4 (R: MNHN-MU12300, MU12385 [broken]); p4 (L: MNHN-MU6574); m1/2 (R: MNHN-MU12292 [broken]); m3 (R: MNHN-MU12378; L: MNHN-MU1210 [broken], MU6567 [broken])
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF8B9D935F801" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF8B9D936F801" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF8B9DB86F8D3" bold="true" box="[132,204,1839,1863]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Avenay</emphasis>
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||
: dP3 (L: MNHN-AV4664, AV14684); P4 (R: MNHN-AV42-Ph; L: MNHN-AV4789); M1 (L: MNHN-AV65514); M1/2 (L: MNHN-AV1012-L); dp4 (R: MNHN-AV15815); p3 (R: MNHN-AV4634); m3 (L: MNHN-AV14685)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF83CD91EF854" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,596,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E8A70900520BB66FFF7CF83CD91AF854" box="[132,592,1960,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFF7CF83CDBA4F856" bold="true" box="[132,238,1962,1986]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Prémontré</emphasis>
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: m3 (R: MNHN-SLP-29-PR1906)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFF7CF842D8CFFE9E" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFF7CF842D849F87F" blockId="13.[130,777,1384,2028]" box="[132,771,2003,2028]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF7CF842DBFFF87D" baselines="2021,2021" box="[132,181,2004,2027]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Type" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">TYPE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFF44F84FDA5DF87E" baselines="2022" box="[188,279,2009,2026]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="locality" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">LOCALITY</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Herne Bay (Kent, United-Kingdom), MP8-9.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FF4ED8CFFE9E" blockId="13.[812,1455,215,266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FF4ED8F0FF7A" baselines="233,234" box="[813,954,216,239]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Distribution" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DISTRIBUTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Mutigny, Avenay (MP8-9), Prémontré (
|
||
<collectionCode id="3EDE9B98520BB66FFA90FF4EDEDAFF64" box="[1384,1424,216,240]" country="0" name="Mohonk Preserve, Inc." pageId="13" pageNumber="288">MP</collectionCode>
|
||
10) (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD520BB66FFCCBFF64D830FE9E" box="[819,890,242,266]" name="France" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFCD5FEB4DF55FE79" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FEB4DFF1FE1D" blockId="13.[812,1456,290,393]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FEB4D8C5FEA3" baselines="307,307" box="[813,911,290,313]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Emended" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">EMENDED</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFC6EFEB1D8B6FEAC" baselines="308" box="[918,1020,295,312]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Lower molar hypoconulid linked to the hypoconid. High cristid obliqua oriented toward the center of the protolophid. P2 without labial cusp. Mesostyle or mesostylar crest on upper molars. Developed paraconule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FE37DF55FE79" blockId="13.[813,1455,417,493]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FE37D8FFFE23" baselines="434,435" box="[813,949,417,440]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Differential" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIFFERENTIAL</smallCapsWord>
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFC45FE30DF69FE23" baselines="435" box="[957,1059,422,439]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="diagnosis" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DIAGNOSIS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. — Differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFB2AFE37DE78FE2D" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[1234,1330,417,441]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFB2AFE37DE78FE2D" box="[1234,1330,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Pliolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE520BB66FFA9DFE37D822FE47" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFA9DFE37D822FE47" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of a mesostyle on upper molars, and by a more flexed centrocrista.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66FFCD5FD81DE0EF8FF" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FD81D8F7FDBB" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" box="[813,957,535,561]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5FD81D8F7FDBB" baselines="554,554" box="[813,957,535,561]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FDA0D82EFDC4" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" box="[813,868,566,592]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFCD5FDA0D82EFDC4" box="[813,868,566,592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Teeth</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FDC0DF38FBBA" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
The parastyle of P4 is low (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFBA6FDC0DF9DFDE4" box="[1118,1239,598,624]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7B, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The paraconule is developed, it is half the size of the protocone. The metaconule is large but smaller than the paraconule. The protoloph is interrupted before joining the preparacrista. A small postprotocrista is present, as well as a small endoprotocrista. The cingulum is continuous.The upper molars parastyle is developed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFABDFD63DE37FC84" box="[1349,1405,757,784]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7</figureCitation>
|
||
C-E, H-I). The paraconule and the metaconule are well developed. The centrocrista is labially flexed. A small mesostyle is usually present, often as a ridge starting from the centrocrista but it can be absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC60FCE3D8A9FC1B" box="[920,995,885,911]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cingulum is continuous, but sometimes interrupted around the hypocone.The protoloph joins the preparacrista, and is sometimes interrupted just before the connection. The metaloph is interrupted at the base of the metacone. The slightly more labially situated hypocone on
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFAD0FC62DE27FB9B" box="[1320,1389,1012,1039]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
could indicate that the tooth is a M3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCBBFBA2DEE3FA39" blockId="13.[810,1458,535,1453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
The protoconid and metaconid of p3 are quite apart (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFA9DFBA2D809FBFA" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
). A small paraconid is present.The hypoconid is developed and low. The entoconid is absent. The cristid obliqua connects the center of the protolophid to the hypoconid. The p4 metaconid is twinned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC5AFB22D8BDFB5A" box="[930,1015,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
|
||
).The entoconid is absent.The hypoconid is low and well developed.The protolophid is notched. The cristid obliqua connects the hypoconid to the protolophid towards its center, slightly labially.The m3 metaconid is twinned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFAAFFA85DEE9FABA" box="[1367,1443,1299,1326]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig.7P</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cristid obliqua is oriented towards the center of the protolophid (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0F41FD8520BB66FFC6CFAC5DF48FAF9" box="[916,1026,1363,1390]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" captionTargetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" captionTargetId="figure-306@14.[698,1269,213,755]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIG. 7. — Teeth of Hyracotherium leporinum Owen, 1841 from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view: A, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684); B, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]); C, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167); D, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]); E, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L); F, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L); G, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]); H, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L); I, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L); J, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634); K, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640); L, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815); M, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]); N, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300); O, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]); P, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Fig. 7O, P</figureCitation>
|
||
). The hypoconulid lobe is well developed. A postcristid links the hypoconid to the hypoconulid. The protolophid is notched. The hypolophid is poorly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" blockId="13.[813,970,1491,1517]" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<heading id="0338B431520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" reason="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F520BB66FFCD5FA45D880FA79" box="[813,970,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">Deciduous teeth</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5FA65DE18F918" blockId="13.[810,1458,1523,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">The parastyle of DP3 is large and anteriorly projected. The centrocrista is almost straight. The hypocone is larger than the protocone. The paraconule and the metaconule are small. The protoloph joins the paracone.The cingulum is almost continuous, slightly interrupted at the level of the hypocone.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCBBF904DE0EF8FF" blockId="13.[810,1458,1523,1899]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">The dp3 is very worn. The paraconid is well developed. The heavy wear seems to indicate that the hypoconulid is linked to hypoconid and entoconid.The dp4 is molariform and the talonid is wider than the trigonid.The metaconid is twinned.The cristid obliqua is oriented toward the center of the protolophid. The hypoconulid is low.It is linked to the hypoconid by a postcristid. The protolophid is notched. The hypolophid is low.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="10D550D6520BB66CFCD5F807D843F87F" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="13" pageNumber="288" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66FFCD5F807D88DF83E" blockId="13.[811,1456,1937,2028]" box="[813,967,1937,1963]" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E969581520BB66FFCD5F807D88DF83E" baselines="1956,1957" box="[813,967,1937,1963]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comparisons" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">COMPARISONS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D520BB66CFCD5F827D99AF978" blockId="13.[811,1456,1937,2028]" lastBlockId="14.[130,776,1427,1772]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="289" pageId="13" pageNumber="288">
|
||
The morphology of the P2, with no protocone, is not found in other European hippomorph species but can be observed on some American equids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE33FA05D97EFA39" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1872" box="[459,564,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Orohippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE33FA05D97EFA39" box="[459,564,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Orohippus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD96FA05DBB4FA59" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium’ craspedotum</emphasis>
|
||
. The upper molar centrocrista is more flexed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF66FA45DA4EFA79" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[158,260,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF66FA45DA4EFA79" box="[158,260,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFECAFA45DAF2FA79" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[306,440,1491,1517]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFECAFA45DAF2FA79" box="[306,440,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A mesostyle is present while it is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF1CFA65DA01F999" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[228,331,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF1CFA65DA01F999" box="[228,331,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE83FA65D948F999" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[379,514,1523,1549]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE83FA65D948F999" box="[379,514,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The m3 postcristid links the hypoconid in a more lingual position than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD8AF984D993F9B8" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1858" box="[626,729,1554,1580]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Pliolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD8AF984D993F9B8" box="[626,729,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Pliolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFF7AF9A4DA42F9D8" authorityName="Hooker" authorityYear="1984" box="[130,264,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Helaletidae" genus="Cymbalophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF7AF9A4DA42F9D8" box="[130,264,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Cymbalophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but more labially than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFDE8F9A4D93CF9D8" authorityName="Remy" authorityYear="2017" box="[528,630,1586,1612]" class="Mammalia" family="Palaeotheriidae" genus="Orolophus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFDE8F9A4D93CF9D8" box="[528,630,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Orolophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD50F9A4DA7AF9F8" baseAuthorityName="Lemoine" baseAuthorityYear="1878" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Propalaeotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gaudryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD50F9A4DA7AF9F8" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Propalaeotherium gaudryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which the hypoconulid is connected to the hypolophid.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFEFEF9E4DAD0F918" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[262,410,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEFEF9E4DAD0F918" box="[262,410,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFDD8F9E4D998F918" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[544,722,1650,1676]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFDD8F9E4D998F918" box="[544,722,1650,1676]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Sifrhippus sandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The upper molar centrocrista is more flexed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD95F904D998F938" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[621,722,1682,1708]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD95F904D998F938" box="[621,722,1682,1708]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the mesostyle is always absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE33F924D964F958" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[459,558,1714,1740]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE33F924D964F958" box="[459,558,1714,1740]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The upper premolar metaconule is larger in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFE8DF944D941F978" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[373,523,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE8DF944D941F978" box="[373,523,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFD9BF944D982F978" baseAuthorityName="Gingerich" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[611,712,1746,1772]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Sifrhippus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sandrae">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD9BF944D982F978" box="[611,712,1746,1772]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">S. sandrae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CB053D55208B66CFF7CFB49D971FADF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8037946" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8037946" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8037946/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" startId="14.[132,143,1247,1264]" targetBox="[132,1455,215,1205]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CFB49D971FADF" blockId="14.[132,1455,1247,1355]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815208B66CFF7CFB49DBD7FB64" baselines="1260,1261" box="[132,157,1247,1264]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Fig" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">FIG</smallCapsWord>
|
||
. 7. — Teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9FCF78DE5208B66CFEE6FB49D910FB64" authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[286,602,1247,1264]" class="Mammalia" family="Equidae" genus="Hyracotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perissodactyla" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leporinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEE6FB49DABAFB64" box="[286,496,1247,1264]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">Hyracotherium leporinum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5208B66CFE0DFB49D910FB64" author="Owen" box="[501,602,1247,1264]" firstAuthor="Owen" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" pagination="203 - 206" refId="ref35323" refString="OWEN R. 1841. - Description of the fossil remains of a Mammal (Hyracotherium leporinum) and of a bird (Lithornis vulturinus) from the London Clay. Transactions of the Geological Society of London 5: 203 - 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1144 / transgslb. 6.1.203" type="journal article" year="1841">Owen, 1841</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Mutigny and Avenay in occlusal view:
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC3FFB49D89EFB64" bold="true" box="[967,980,1247,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">A</emphasis>
|
||
, left DP3 (MNHN-AV14684);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB3DFB49DF98FB64" bold="true" box="[1221,1234,1247,1264]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">B</emphasis>
|
||
, right P4 (MNHN-MU5919 [reversed]);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFF1DFB60DBB9FA93" bold="true" box="[229,243,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">C</emphasis>
|
||
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU17167);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFE0BFB60D94BFA93" bold="true" box="[499,513,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">D</emphasis>
|
||
, right M1/2 (MNHN-MU220-L [reversed]);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC98FB60D826FA93" bold="true" box="[864,876,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">E</emphasis>
|
||
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU222-L);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB91FB60DF3EFA93" bold="true" box="[1129,1140,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">F</emphasis>
|
||
, right dp3 (MNHN-MU200-L);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFA89FB60DE35FA93" bold="true" box="[1393,1407,1270,1287]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">G</emphasis>
|
||
, right P4 (AV-42-Ph [reversed]);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEA4FA9BDA20FA8A" bold="true" box="[348,362,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">H</emphasis>
|
||
, left M1/2 (MNHN-AV1012-L);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD91FA9BD925FA8A" bold="true" box="[617,623,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">I</emphasis>
|
||
, left M1/2 (MNHN-MU192-L);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC92FA9BD83EFA8A" bold="true" box="[874,884,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">J</emphasis>
|
||
, right p3 (MNHN-AV4634);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFBA0FA9BDF2FFA8A" bold="true" box="[1112,1125,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">K</emphasis>
|
||
, right p3 (MNHN-MU5640);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFAB7FA9BDE10FA8A" bold="true" box="[1359,1370,1293,1310]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">L</emphasis>
|
||
, right dp4 (MNHN-AV15815);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFEDCFAB5DA7FFAA0" bold="true" box="[292,309,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">M</emphasis>
|
||
, left p4 (MNHN-MU6574 [reversed]);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFD93FAB5D933FAA0" bold="true" box="[619,633,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">N</emphasis>
|
||
, right dp4 (MNHN-MU12300);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFC82FAB5D8C3FAA0" bold="true" box="[890,905,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">O</emphasis>
|
||
, left m3 (MNHN-MU1210 [reversed]);
|
||
<emphasis id="6ABBDF4F5208B66CFB3BFAB5DF85FAA0" bold="true" box="[1219,1231,1315,1332]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">P</emphasis>
|
||
, right m3 (MNHN-SLP-29- PR1906). Coated with magnesium. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CF884DBB0F8BE" blockId="14.[130,777,1810,2028]" box="[132,250,1810,1836]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="5E9695815208B66CFF7CF884DBB0F8BE" baselines="1829,1829" box="[132,250,1810,1836]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Comment" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">COMMENT</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5870035D5208B66CFF7CF8A7D843F87F" blockId="14.[130,777,1810,2028]" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">
|
||
The upper molars of the Mutigny specimens resemble those of the type-specimen and specimens found in the London Clay in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20D843CD5208B66CFF7AF8E7DBAAF81F" box="[130,224,1905,1931]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="14" pageNumber="289">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In contrast, the lower molars show some differences with the Sheppey mandible (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C5E7EAC5208B66CFE44F807D905F83F" author="Hooker" box="[444,591,1937,1963]" firstAuthor="Hooker" pageId="14" pageNumber="289" pagination="29 - 63" refId="ref34268" refString="HOOKER J. J. 1994. - The beginning of the equoid radiation. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 112: 29 - 63. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1994. tb 00311. x" type="journal article" year="1994">Hooker 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The metaconid is twinned and the hypoconulid lobe of m3 is wider in the Paris Basin, but this may result from intra-specific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |