258 lines
21 KiB
XML
258 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7345e6b-fa55-474e-9b6e-d6b185121541" ID-PMC="PMC7718216" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-168-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" ID-PubMed="33335445" ModsDocID="1314-2003-168-1" checkinTime="1606572050664" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Dean, Ellen, Poore, Jennifer, Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio, Nee, Michael H., Kang, Hannah, Starbuck, Thomas, Rodrigues, Annamarie & Conner, Matthew" docDate="2020" docId="8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 168: 1-333" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 168" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904" docTitle="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274 1940" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498" masterDocTitle="The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala" masterLastPageNumber="333" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140149145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dean, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-0027</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">eadean@ucdavis.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Poore, Jennifer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anguiano-Constante, Marco Antonio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Laboratorio Nacional de Identificacion y Caracterizacion Vegetal (LaniVeg), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Camino Ramon Padilla Sanchez 2100, 45110 Nextipac, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4071-8108</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>26776 US Hwy 14, Richland Center, WI 53581, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kang, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Starbuck, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rodrigues, Annamarie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Conner, Matthew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>UC Davis Center for Plant Diversity, Plant Sciences M. S. 7, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>168</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>333</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-168-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5F39D34A0DEF5952A2C4E9090C14B498</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170596530" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7C08A63F2A42C77C8F0172F17E30C9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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10b
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<taxonomicName authority="Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274 1940" authorityName="Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis (Brandegee) Standl. var. sparsistellata Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22(4): 274 1940</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Image of herbarium specimen of L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata, Tellez 7946 (MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http: // www. tropicos. org)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Guatemala. Chiquimula:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixixí">Tixixi</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tishishí">Tishishi</normalizedToken>
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), 3-5 miles north of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocotán">Jocotan</normalizedToken>
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, 500-1500 m, 10 Nov 1939,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 31555</emphasis>
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(holotype: F [0072902F, acc. # 1039909]; isotype WIS).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480038" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
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Image of herbarium specimen of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Téllez">Tellez</normalizedToken>
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7946
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</emphasis>
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(MO). Specimen used with permission from the Missouri Botanical Garden (http://www.tropicos.org).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrub to woody vine, beginning as a shrub, becoming a large liana climbing into tree crowns up to 25 m tall and spreading in the crown up to 10 m wide, the lower stem to 15 cm in diameter. Indument of tannish-yellow to brown, uniseriate, multicellular, stalked, multangulate-stellate, eglandular, spreading trichomes 0.25-1 mm long, 0.75-1.2 mm in diameter, the rays 3-6 per whorl, straight, rarely rebranched. Stems light green when young (drying tan), moderately to densely pubescent, not compressed when dried in a plant press, becoming dark brown and woody with age, the stems sinuous, sometimes glabrate; upper sympodial branching usually monochasial, sometimes dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia sometimes paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 2.5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1-4 cm, the smaller ones with blades 0.8-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-2 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate, elliptic or obovate (sometimes the small geminate leaf nearly orbicular), thin chartaceous to chartaceous, sparsely to moderately pubescent especially along the veins (sometimes nearly glabrous), the base cuneate to rounded, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate (rarely rounded on smaller leaves), the petiole 0.2-1 cm long, the larger leaf blades with 4-5 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-3 (5), axillary, oriented horizontally to ascending; peduncles absent; pedicels (5) 7-24 mm and erect to arching in flower, to 30 mm long and erect to arching in fruit, sparsely to moderately pubescent; calyx (2) 2.5-3.5 mm long, 3-4.5 mm in diameter, campanulate, sparsely to moderately pubescent, the margin truncate, slightly membranous, truncate to wavy or shallowly lobed, with 10 erect to spreading, linear appendages 0.5-2.5 mm long emerging 0.25-0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl- to plate-shaped, 2-3(4) mm long, 5-8(10) mm in diameter, the appendages not lengthening and often breaking off; corolla 0.6-1.5 cm long, rotate to slightly reflexed in orientation, nearly entire to stellate in outline, divided ca. 1/3-2/3 of the way to the base, with abundant interpetalar tissue, white, the adaxial lobes sometimes with a green spot at the base near the insertion of the shorter stamens, sparsely to moderately pubescent with short trichomes abaxially near the veins; stamens unequal, the four short filaments 0.5-1 mm long, the fifth filament 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4-5 mm long, lanceolate, free of one another, yellow, pubescent on the inner face, poricidal at the tips, the pores obovate, those of the shorter stamens dehiscing distally or toward the style, those of the long stamen dehiscing toward the style, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 7-8 mm long, linear, straight to slightly curved, glabrous, the stigma capitate. Fruit a berry, 5-10 (13) mm long, 5-10 (13) mm in diameter, globose, green to white when immature, orange to red at maturity, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 5-20 per fruit, 3.5-4.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-3.5 mm, flattened, with slightly thickened rim, depressed ovate in outline, yellow-orange to brown, the surface reticulum with minute serpentine pattern and shallow luminae.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Veracruz), Guatemala (Baja Verapaz, Chiquimula, El Progresso, probably elsewhere), Honduras (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Copán">Copan</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cortés">Cortes</normalizedToken>
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, Ocotepeque), Nicaragua (Jinotega, Matagalpa), in primary or secondary cloud forest (including oak forest), montane rain forest, and tropical dry forest, (500) 900-2000 m in elevation (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Map of geographic distribution of L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata from Mexico to Honduras based on herbarium specimen data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.168.51904.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/480039" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
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Map of geographic distribution of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">L. chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
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from Mexico to Honduras based on herbarium specimen data.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">In most parts of the range, flowering specimens have been collected July through November (January to March in Nicaragua). Specimens with immature and mature fruits have been collected throughout the year. In the field in Guatemala, the first author observed that the corollas of this species were still open at noon and closed later in the day.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
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is a widespread variety of cloud forest habitat ranging from Mexico to Nicaragua, represented by 23 collections and occurring in five protected areas. The EOO is 156,415.154 km2, and the AOO is 84 km2. Based on the
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" refId="B67" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019. http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN red list categories and criteria. version 12. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee in February 2019." url="http://jr.iucnredlist.org/documents/redlistGuidelines" year="2019">IUCN (2019)</bibRefCitation>
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criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Least Concern (LC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22 (4): 274" authorityYear="1940" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes chiapensis subsp. var. var. sparsistellata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" subSpecies="var." variety="sparsistellata">Lycianthes chiapensis var. sparsistellata</taxonomicName>
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is an upper elevation cloud forest taxon that ranges from Veracruz to Honduras (possibly Nicaragua) mostly along the Caribbean slope. It can grow into a very tall liana that can cover the tree canopy, supported by a very large twining woody stem. The lower sympodial units merge into sinuate woody branches as the plant ages. The mature wood is dark brown and lustrous. This variety is the more common of the two varieties of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="L. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="chiapensis">L. chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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and differs from var.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="var. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" variety="chiapensis">chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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in having a smaller flowering calyx that becomes plate-like as the plant fruits. The other variety has a larger flowering calyx that adheres to the fruit as it ages and a larger fruit with more seeds. See further discussion of the two varieties under var.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="var. chiapensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="chiapensis" variety="chiapensis">chiapensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Representative specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Guatemala. Alta Verapaz</emphasis>
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: at Orchigonia orchid nursery/preserve outside of the city of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Cobán">Coban</normalizedToken>
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along Guatemala Highway 14,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15.4373" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="15.4373">15.4373</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90.4120" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-90.412">-90.4120</geoCoordinate>
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, 1487 m, 10 Aug 2017,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E. Dean 9507</emphasis>
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(DAV).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chiquimula</emphasis>
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: Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tixixí">Tixixi</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Tishishí">Tishishi</normalizedToken>
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), 3-5 m north of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jocotán">Jocotan</normalizedToken>
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, 500-1500 m, 10 Nov 1939,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.A. Steyermark 31555</emphasis>
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(F, WIS).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">El Progreso</emphasis>
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: Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pinalón">Pinalon</normalizedToken>
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, Sierra de las Minas, San
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Acasaguastlán">Acasaguastlan</normalizedToken>
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, 15.0656, 89.9833, 2230 m, 1 Mar 2007,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Flores 3548</emphasis>
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(MO).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico. Chiapas</emphasis>
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: cima del Cerro
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Salomón">Salomon</normalizedToken>
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, al NO de Benito
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Juárez">Juarez</normalizedToken>
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, ca. 44 km en
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<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
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recta al N de San Pedro Tapantepec,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7708" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7708">16.7708</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="94.1953" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.1953">-94.1953</geoCoordinate>
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, 1770 m, 7 Apr 1986,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Ishiki 1451</emphasis>
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(NY).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Oaxaca</emphasis>
|
||
: Cerro Sabinal, ca. 2 km al SO de Cerro Guayabitos, ca. 3 km en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
|
||
recta al NNO de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
Ordaz, ca. 40 km en
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="línea">linea</normalizedToken>
|
||
recta al N de San Pedro Tapanatepec, al O de la cima del cerro,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="16.7333" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="16.7333">16.7333</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="94.1917" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="-94.1917">-94.1917</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1500 m, 21 Dec 1984,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">T. Wendt 4678</emphasis>
|
||
(NY).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Veracruz</emphasis>
|
||
: along trails to base of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Volcán">Volcan</normalizedToken>
|
||
Santa Marta, 0-3 km E village of Santa Marta, [18.35, -95.8667], 1100-1200 m, 29 Jun 1982,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Nee</emphasis>
|
||
24700 (F, NY, XAL).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |